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Natali EN, Horst A, Meier P, Greiff V, Nuvolone M, Babrak LM, Fink K, Miho E. The dengue-specific immune response and antibody identification with machine learning. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:16. [PMID: 38245547 PMCID: PMC10799860 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus poses a serious threat to global health and there is no specific therapeutic for it. Broadly neutralizing antibodies recognizing all serotypes may be an effective treatment. High-throughput adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) and bioinformatic analysis enable in-depth understanding of the B-cell immune response. Here, we investigate the dengue antibody response with these technologies and apply machine learning to identify rare and underrepresented broadly neutralizing antibody sequences. Dengue immunization elicited the following signatures on the antibody repertoire: (i) an increase of CDR3 and germline gene diversity; (ii) a change in the antibody repertoire architecture by eliciting power-law network distributions and CDR3 enrichment in polar amino acids; (iii) an increase in the expression of JNK/Fos transcription factors and ribosomal proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of computational methods and machine learning to AIRR-seq datasets for neutralizing antibody candidate sequence identification. Antibody expression and functional assays have validated the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriberto Noel Natali
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Horst
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meier
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mario Nuvolone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lmar Marie Babrak
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | - Enkelejda Miho
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland.
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- aiNET GmbH, Basel, Switzerland.
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Wegman AD, Waldran MJ, Bahr LE, Lu JQ, Baxter KE, Thomas SJ, Waickman AT. DENV-specific IgA contributes protective and non-pathologic function during antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011616. [PMID: 37639455 PMCID: PMC10491401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue represents a growing public health burden worldwide, accounting for approximately 100 million symptomatic cases and tens of thousands of fatalities yearly. Prior infection with one serotype of dengue virus (DENV) is the greatest known risk factor for severe disease upon secondary infection with a heterologous serotype, a risk which increases as serotypes co-circulate in endemic regions. This disease risk is thought to be mediated by IgG-isotype antibodies raised during a primary infection, which poorly neutralize heterologous DENV serotypes and instead opsonize virions for uptake by FcγR-bearing cells. This antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection leads to a larger proportion of susceptible cells infected, higher viremia and greater immunopathology. We have previously characterized the induction of a serum IgA response, along with the typical IgM and IgG responses, during dengue infection, and have shown that DENV-reactive IgA can neutralize DENV and competitively antagonize IgG-mediated ADE. Here, we evaluate the potential for IgA itself to cause ADE. We show that IgG, but not IgA, mediated ADE of infection in cells expressing both FcαR and FcγRs. IgG-mediated ADE stimulated significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokine production by primary human macrophages, while IgA did not affect, or slightly suppressed, this production. Mechanistically, we show that DENV/IgG immune complexes bind susceptible cells significantly more efficiently than DENV/IgA complexes or virus alone. Finally, we show that over the course of primary dengue infection, the expression of FcγRI (CD64) increases during the period of acute viremia, while FcγRIIa (CD32) and FcαR (CD89) expression decreases, thereby further limiting the ability of IgA to facilitate ADE in the presence of DENV. Overall, these data illustrate the distinct protective role of IgA during ADE of dengue infection and highlight the potential therapeutic and prognostic value of DENV-specific IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Wegman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Mitchell J. Waldran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Bahr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph Q. Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristen E. Baxter
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Adam T. Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
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Sarker A, Dhama N, Gupta RD. Dengue virus neutralizing antibody: a review of targets, cross-reactivity, and antibody-dependent enhancement. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200195. [PMID: 37334355 PMCID: PMC10272415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most common viral infection spread by mosquitoes, prevalent in tropical countries. The acute dengue virus (DENV) infection is a benign and primarily febrile illness. However, secondary infection with alternative serotypes can worsen the condition, leading to severe and potentially fatal dengue. The antibody raised by the vaccine or the primary infections are frequently cross-reactive; however, weakly neutralizing, and during subsequent infection, they may increase the odds of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Despite that, many neutralizing antibodies have been identified against the DENV, which are thought to be useful in reducing dengue severity. Indeed, an antibody must be free from ADE for therapeutic application, as it is pretty common in dengue infection and escalates disease severity. Therefore, this review has described the critical characteristics of DENV and the potential immune targets in general. The primary emphasis is given to the envelope protein of DENV, where potential epitopes targeted for generating serotype-specific and cross-reactive antibodies have critically been described. In addition, a novel class of highly neutralizing antibodies targeted to the quaternary structure, similar to viral particles, has also been described. Lastly, we have discussed different aspects of the pathogenesis and ADE, which would provide significant insights into developing safe and effective antibody therapeutics and equivalent protein subunit vaccines.
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The Immunogenicity of DENV1-4 ED3s Strongly Differ despite Their Almost Identical Three-Dimensional Structures and High Sequence Similarities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032393. [PMID: 36768719 PMCID: PMC9916489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a dengue (DENV) vaccine remains challenging due to the heteroserotypic infection, which can result in a potentially deadly hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, and only a tetravalent vaccine can overcome this issue. Here, we report the immunogenicity of DENV envelope protein domain 3 (ED3) from all four DENV serotypes (DENV1-4) in Swiss albino and BALB/c mice models. Firstly, we observed that despite having very similar sequences and structures, both the humoral and cellular immunogenicity of ED3s varied significantly, with strength ranging from DENV2 ED3 (2ED3)~3ED3 > 1ED3 > 4ED3, which was assessed through anti-ED3 IgG titers, and DENV1 ED3 (1ED3) > 2ED3~3ED3 > 4ED3 as determined by monitoring T-cell memory (CD44+CD62L+ T cells with IL-4 and IFN-γ expression). Secondly, anti-1ED3 sera cross-reacted with 2ED3 and 3ED3; anti-2ED3 and anti-3ED3 sera cross-reacted with each other, but anti-4ED3 was completely serotype-specific. The lack of reciprocity of anti-1ED3's cross-reaction was unanticipated. Such disparity in the ED3 responses and cross-reaction might underlie the appearance of hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hence, the development of an ED3-based tetravalent subunit vaccine would require understanding the aforementioned disparities.
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Development of a Rapid Gold Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Dengue Virus. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070495. [PMID: 35884298 PMCID: PMC9313084 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus detection in humans and mosquito reservoirs has been an important issue since it can cause a variety of illnesses and could represent a health problem in geographical zones where the vector is endemic. In this work, we designed and characterized a biosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and antibody 4G2 for the detection of dengue virus (DENV) in vitro, obtaining different conjugates (with different antibody concentrations). The AuNP–4G2 conjugates at concentrations of 1, 3, and 6 µg/mL presented an increase in the average hydrodynamic diameter compared to the naked AuNPs. Also, as part of the characterization, differences in the UV-Vis absorbance spectrum and electrophoretic migration were observed between the conjugated AuNPs (with BSA or antibody) and naked AuNPs. Additionally, we used this biosensor (AuNP–4G2 conjugate with 3 µg/mL antibody) in the assembly of a competitive lateral flow assay (LFA) for the development of an alternative test to detect the flavivirus envelope protein in isolated DENV samples as a future tool for dengue detection (and other flaviviruses) in the mosquito vector (Aedesaegypti) for the identification of epidemic risk regions. Functionality tests were performed using Dengue virus 2 isolated solution (TCID50/mL = 4.58 × 103) as a positive sample and PBS buffer as a negative control. The results showed that it is possible to detect Dengue virus in vitro with this gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay with an estimated detection limit of 5.12 × 102 PFU. We suggest that this biosensor could be used as an additional detection tool by coupling it to different point-of-care tests (POCT) for the easy detection of other flaviviruses.
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Optimization of Flow-Cytometry Based Assay for Measuring Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Each of the Four Dengue Virus Serotypes. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111339. [PMID: 34835270 PMCID: PMC8619405 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an important public health problem worldwide, with India contributing nearly a third of global dengue disease burden. The measurement of neutralizing antibody responses is critical for understanding dengue pathophysiology, vaccine development and evaluation. Historically, dengue virus neutralization titers were measured using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), which were later adapted to focus reduction neutralization tests (FRNTs). Given the slow and laborious nature of both these assays, there has been interest in adapting a high-throughput flow cytometry based neutralization assay. However, flow cytometry based assays typically underestimate neutralization titers, and in situations where the titers are low they can even fail to detect neutralization activity. In this study, by evaluating graded numbers of input Vero cell numbers and viral inoculum, we optimized the flow cytometry based neutralization assay in such a way that it is sensitive and scores titers that are in concordance with focus reduction neutralization tests for each of the four dengue virus serotypes (p < 0.0001). Given that dengue is a global public health concern, and several research groups are making efforts to understand its pathophysiology and accelerate vaccine development and evaluation both in India and worldwide, our findings have timely significance for facilitating these efforts.
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Horst A, Smakaj E, Natali EN, Tosoni D, Babrak LM, Meier P, Miho E. Machine Learning Detects Anti-DENV Signatures in Antibody Repertoire Sequences. Front Artif Intell 2021; 4:715462. [PMID: 34708197 PMCID: PMC8542978 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2021.715462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue infection is a global threat. As of today, there is no universal dengue fever treatment or vaccines unreservedly recommended by the World Health Organization. The investigation of the specific immune response to dengue virus would support antibody discovery as therapeutics for passive immunization and vaccine design. High-throughput sequencing enables the identification of the multitude of antibodies elicited in response to dengue infection at the sequence level. Artificial intelligence can mine the complex data generated and has the potential to uncover patterns in entire antibody repertoires and detect signatures distinctive of single virus-binding antibodies. However, these machine learning have not been harnessed to determine the immune response to dengue virus. In order to enable the application of machine learning, we have benchmarked existing methods for encoding biological and chemical knowledge as inputs and have investigated novel encoding techniques. We have applied different machine learning methods such as neural networks, random forests, and support vector machines and have investigated the parameter space to determine best performing algorithms for the detection and prediction of antibody patterns at the repertoire and antibody sequence levels in dengue-infected individuals. Our results show that immune response signatures to dengue are detectable both at the antibody repertoire and at the antibody sequence levels. By combining machine learning with phylogenies and network analysis, we generated novel sequences that present dengue-binding specific signatures. These results might aid further antibody discovery and support vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Horst
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Erand Smakaj
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Eriberto Noel Natali
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Tosoni
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Lmar Marie Babrak
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meier
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,aiNET GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Natali EN, Babrak LM, Miho E. Prospective Artificial Intelligence to Dissect the Dengue Immune Response and Discover Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:574411. [PMID: 34211454 PMCID: PMC8239437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.574411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) poses a serious threat to global health as the causative agent of dengue fever. The virus is endemic in more than 128 countries resulting in approximately 390 million infection cases each year. Currently, there is no approved therapeutic for treatment nor a fully efficacious vaccine. The development of therapeutics is confounded and hampered by the complexity of the immune response to DENV, in particular to sequential infection with different DENV serotypes (DENV1-5). Researchers have shown that the DENV envelope (E) antigen is primarily responsible for the interaction and subsequent invasion of host cells for all serotypes and can elicit neutralizing antibodies in humans. The advent of high-throughput sequencing and the rapid advancements in computational analysis of complex data, has provided tools for the deconvolution of the DENV immune response. Several types of complex statistical analyses, machine learning models and complex visualizations can be applied to begin answering questions about the B- and T-cell immune responses to multiple infections, antibody-dependent enhancement, identification of novel therapeutics and advance vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriberto N. Natali
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Lmar M. Babrak
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- aiNET GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
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Omar NAS, Fen YW, Ramli I, Sadrolhosseini AR, Abdullah J, Yusof NA, Kamil YM, Mahdi MA. An Optical Sensor for Dengue Envelope Proteins Using Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Thin Film: Enhanced Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Recovery Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:762. [PMID: 33671059 PMCID: PMC7957696 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel idea to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical sensor for detection of dengue virus type-2 envelope proteins (DENV-2 E-proteins) using polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer biopolymer-based nanocomposite thin film. For this purpose, two ranges of DENV-2 E-protein concentrations, i.e., 0.000008-0.0001 nM and 0.00008-0.005 nM were evaluated, and the lowest detectable concentration was achieved at 0.00008 nM. The incorporation of PAMAM dendrimer-based nanocomposite thin film with an SPR sensor exhibited a significant increase in sensitivity and binding affinity to a lower range DENV-2 E-protein concentrations. Moreover, the proposed sensor displayed good selectivity towards DENV-2 E-proteins and have an average recovery of 80-120%. The findings of this study demonstrated that PAMAM dendrimer-based nanocomposite thin film combined with SPR sensor is a promising diagnostic tool for sensitive and selective detection of DENV-2 E-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Irmawati Ramli
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yasmin Mustapha Kamil
- inLAZER Dynamics Sdn Bhd, InnoHub Unit, Putra Science Park, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Adzir Mahdi
- Wireless and Photonics Network Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF. Adaptive Immunity to Dengue Virus: Slippery Slope or Solid Ground for Rational Vaccine Design? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060470. [PMID: 32549226 PMCID: PMC7350362 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus are the most widespread causes of arboviral disease, currently placing half of the human population at risk of infection. Pre-existing immunity to one dengue virus serotype can predispose to severe disease following secondary infection with a different serotype. The phenomenon of immune enhancement has complicated vaccine development and likely explains the poor long-term safety profile of a recently licenced dengue vaccine. Therefore, alternative vaccine strategies should be considered. This review summarises studies dissecting the adaptive immune responses to dengue virus infection and (experimental) vaccination. In particular, we discuss the roles of (i) neutralising antibodies, (ii) antibodies to non-structural protein 1, and (iii) T cells in protection and pathogenesis. We also address how these findings could translate into next-generation vaccine approaches that mitigate the risk of enhanced dengue disease. Finally, we argue that the development of a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine is an attainable goal.
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Young CL, Lyons AC, Hsu WW, Vanlandingham DL, Park SL, Bilyeu AN, Ayers VB, Hettenbach SM, Zelenka AM, Cool KR, Peterson GJ, Higgs S, Huang YJS. Protection of swine by potent neutralizing anti-Japanese encephalitis virus monoclonal antibodies derived from vaccination. Antiviral Res 2019; 174:104675. [PMID: 31825852 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus endemic in the Asia Pacific region. Despite use of several highly effective vaccines, it is estimated that up to 44,000 new cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) occur every year including 14,000 deaths and 24,000 survivors with permanent sequelae. Humoral immunity induced by vaccination is critical for effective protection. Potently neutralizing antibodies reactive with the JEV envelope (E) protein are important since protective immune responses induced by both live-attenuated and inactivated JE vaccines target the E protein. Our understanding of how vaccine-induced humoral immunity protects vaccinees from morbidity and mortality is, however, limited and largely obtained from in vitro studies. With the exception of neurovirulence mouse models, very few platforms are available for evaluating the protective efficacy of neutralizing antibodies against JEV in vivo. Swine are a major amplifying host in the natural JEV transmission cycle and develop multiple pathological outcomes similar to humans infected with JEV. In this study, prophylactic passive immunization was performed in a miniature swine model, using two vaccination-induced monoclonal antibodies (mAb), JEV-31 and JEV-169. These were selected as representatives for antibodies reactive with the major antigenic structures in the E protein of JEV and related flaviviruses. JEV-31 recognizes the lateral ridge of E protein domain III (EDIII) whilst JEV-169 has a broad footprint of binding involving residues throughout domains I (EDI) and II (EDII) of the E protein. Detection of neutralizing antibodies in the serum of immunized animals mimics the presence of neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated individuals. Passive immunization with both mAbs significantly reduced the severity of diseases that resemble the symptoms of human JE including fever, viremia, viral shedding, systemic infection, and neuroinvasion. In contrast to the uniformed decrease of viral loads in lymphoid and central nervous systems, distinct kinetics in the onset of fever and viremia between animals receiving JEV-31 and JEV-169 suggest potential differences in immune protection mechanisms between anti-EDI and anti-EDIII neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of using swine models in characterizing the protective humoral immunity against JEV and increase our understanding of how clonal populations of anti-E mAbs derived from JE vaccination protect against infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Young
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility Scientist Training Program, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - Amy C Lyons
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Wei-Wen Hsu
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dana L Vanlandingham
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - So Lee Park
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ashley N Bilyeu
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Victoria B Ayers
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility Scientist Training Program, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - Susan M Hettenbach
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ashley M Zelenka
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Konner R Cool
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Gregory J Peterson
- University Research Compliance Office, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephen Higgs
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yan-Jang S Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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12
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Dengue NS2A Protein Orchestrates Virus Assembly. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:606-622.e8. [PMID: 31631053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus assembly requires cleavage of viral C-prM-E polyprotein into three structural proteins (capsid, premembrane, and envelope), packaging of viral RNA with C protein into nucleocapsid, and budding of prM and E proteins into virions. The molecular mechanisms underlying these assembly events are unclear. Here, we show that dengue nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A protein) recruits viral RNA, structural proteins, and protease to the site of virion assembly and coordinates nucleocapsid and virus formation. The last 285 nucleotides of viral 3' UTR serve as a "recruiting signal for packaging" that binds to a cytosolic loop of NS2A. This interaction allows NS2A to recruit nascent RNA from the replication complex to the virion assembly site. NS2A also recruits the C-prM-E polyprotein and NS2B-NS3 protease to the virion assembly site by interacting with prM, E, and NS3, leading to coordinated C-prM-E cleavage. Mature C protein assembles onto genomic RNA to form nucleocapsid, followed by prM and E envelopment and virion formation.
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13
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Hu D, Zhu Z, Li S, Deng Y, Wu Y, Zhang N, Puri V, Wang C, Zou P, Lei C, Tian X, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Li W, Prabakaran P, Feng Y, Cardosa J, Qin C, Zhou X, Dimitrov DS, Ying T. A broadly neutralizing germline-like human monoclonal antibody against dengue virus envelope domain III. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007836. [PMID: 31242272 PMCID: PMC6615639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most widespread vector-borne viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) for which there are no safe, effective drugs approved for clinical use. Here, by using sequential antigen panning of a yeast antibody library derived from healthy donors against the DENV envelop protein domain III (DIII) combined with depletion by an entry defective DIII mutant, we identified a cross-reactive human monoclonal antibody (mAb), m366.6, which bound with high affinity to DENV DIII from all four DENV serotypes. Immunogenetic analysis indicated that m366.6 is a germline-like mAb with very few somatic mutations from the closest VH and Vλ germline genes. Importantly, we demonstrated that it potently neutralized DENV both in vitro and in the mouse models of DENV infection without detectable antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect. The epitope of m366.6 was mapped to the highly conserved regions on DIII, which may guide the design of effective dengue vaccine immunogens. Furthermore, as the first germline-like mAb derived from a naïve antibody library that could neutralize all four DENV serotypes, the m366.6 can be a tool for exploring mechanisms of DENV infection, and is a promising therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shun Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Vinita Puri
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chunyu Wang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ponraj Prabakaran
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yang Feng
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jane Cardosa
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Chengfeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DSD); (TY)
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DSD); (TY)
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DSD); (TY)
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14
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Li L, Meng W, Horton M, DiStefano DR, Thoryk EA, Pfaff JM, Wang Q, Salazar GT, Barnes T, Doranz BJ, Bett AJ, Casimiro DR, Vora KA, An Z, Zhang N. Potent neutralizing antibodies elicited by dengue vaccine in rhesus macaque target diverse epitopes. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007716. [PMID: 31170257 PMCID: PMC6553876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still no safe and effective vaccine against dengue virus infection. Epidemics of dengue virus infection are increasingly a threat to human health around the world. Antibodies generated in response to dengue infection have been shown to impact disease development and effectiveness of dengue vaccine. In this study, we investigated monoclonal antibody responses to an experimental dengue vaccine in rhesus macaques. Variable regions of both heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) were cloned from single antibody-secreting B cells. A total of 780 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) composed of paired VH and VL were characterized. Results show that the vaccination induces mAbs with diverse germline sequences and a wide range of binding affinities. Six potent neutralizing mAbs were identified among 130 dengue envelope protein binders. Critical amino acids for each neutralizing antibody binding to the dengue envelope protein were identified by alanine scanning of mutant libraries. Diverse epitopes were identified, including epitopes on the lateral ridge of DIII, the I-III hinge, the bc loop adjacent to the fusion loop of DII, and the β-strands and loops of DI. Significantly, one of the neutralizing mAbs has a previously unknown epitope in DII at the interface of the envelope and membrane protein and is capable of neutralizing all four dengue serotypes. Taken together, the results of this study not only provide preclinical validation for the tested experimental vaccine, but also shed light on a potential application of the rhesus macaque model for better dengue vaccine evaluation and design of vaccines and immunization strategies. Dengue virus (DENV) is a leading cause of human illness in the tropics and subtropics, with about 40% of the world’s population living in areas at risk for infection. There are four DENV serotypes. Patients who have previously been infected by one dengue serotype may develop more severe symptoms such as bleeding and endothelial leakage upon secondary infection with another dengue serotype. This study reports the extensive cloning and analysis of 780 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from single B cells of rhesus macaques after immunization with an experimental dengue vaccine. We identified a panel of potent neutralizing mAbs with diverse epitopes on the DENV envelope protein. Antibodies in this panel were found to bind to the lateral ridge of DIII, the I-III hinge, the bc loop adjacent to the fusion loop of DII, and the β-strands and the loops of DI. We also isolated one mAb (d448) that can neutralize all four dengue serotypes and binds to a novel epitope at the interface of the DENV envelope and membrane proteins. Further investigation of these neutralizing monoclonal antibodies is warranted for better vaccine efficacy evaluation and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leike Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weixu Meng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Melanie Horton
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. DiStefano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Thoryk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Pfaff
- Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qihui Wang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Georgina T. Salazar
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Trevor Barnes
- Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Doranz
- Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Bett
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Danilo R. Casimiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kalpit A. Vora
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KV); (ZA); (NZ)
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KV); (ZA); (NZ)
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KV); (ZA); (NZ)
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15
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Padmapriya P, Gracy Fathima S, Ramanathan G, V Y, A KS, Kaveri K, Gunasekaran P, Tirichurapalli Sivagnanam U, Thennarasu S. Development of antiviral inhibitor against dengue 2 targeting Ns3 protein: In vitro and in silico significant studies. Acta Trop 2018; 188:1-8. [PMID: 30145258 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a severe, widespread disease with more than 2 million diagnosed infections per year. The Dengue virus protease represents a cardinal target for prudent drug design. Among the four serotypes Dengue 2 is known for the occurrence of its frequent epidemics. The new compound inhibited the Dengue-2 in the low-micromolar range in cells. At the moment, protease inhibitors are not actively tried against dengue virus as therapeutic option. We have identified thiosemicarbazones derived phenyl-acetyl ketones as candidate for a novel class of protease inhibitors. Here, we report the selective and non-competitive inhibition of the Dengue virus serotype 2 in vitro and in silico. Molecular docking suggests binding at a specific active site. In addition to the docking assays, few techniques were developed to interpret these molecules's antiviral profile in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Padmapriya
- Biological Material Lab, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - S Gracy Fathima
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Yuvaraj V
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Khaleefathullah Sheriff A
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Kaveri
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Gunasekaran
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Sathiah Thennarasu
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, Tamilnadu, India.
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16
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Wong YH, Kumar A, Liew CW, Tharakaraman K, Srinivasaraghavan K, Sasisekharan R, Verma C, Lescar J. Molecular basis for dengue virus broad cross-neutralization by humanized monoclonal antibody 513. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8449. [PMID: 29855525 PMCID: PMC5981469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a widespread viral disease with 3.6 billion people at risk worldwide. Humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) 513, currently undergoing clinical trials in Singapore, targets an epitope on the envelope protein domain III exposed at the surface of the viral particle. This antibody potently neutralizes all four dengue virus serotypes in a humanized mouse model that recapitulates human dengue infection, without signs of antibody-mediated enhancement of the disease. The crystal structure of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) 513 bound to the envelope protein domain III from dengue virus serotype 4 was used as a template to explore the molecular origins of the broader cross-reactivity and increased in vivo potency of mAb 513, compared to the parent murine mAb 4E11, using molecular dynamics simulations and network analyses. These two methods are a powerful complement to existing structural and binding data and detail specific interactions that underpin the differential binding of the two antibodies. We found that a Glu at position H55 (GluH55) from the second Complementarity Determining Region of the Heavy chain (CDR-H2) which corresponds to Ala in 4E11, is a major contributor to the enhancement in the interactions of mAb 513 compared to 4E11. Importantly, we also validate the importance of GluH55 using site-directed mutagenesis followed by isothermal titration calorimetry measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Hwa Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.,Nanyang Institute of Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Akshita Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research group, Singapore MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore, Singapore.,Bioinformatics Institute, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong Wai Liew
- Nanyang Institute of Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | | | - Kannan Srinivasaraghavan
- Bioinformatics Institute, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- Department of Biological engineering MIT, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research group, Singapore MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chandra Verma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore. .,Bioinformatics Institute, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore. .,Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research group, Singapore MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore, Singapore. .,Nanyang Institute of Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
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17
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Khandia R, Munjal A, Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Singh RK, Chaicumpa W. Modulation of Dengue/Zika Virus Pathogenicity by Antibody-Dependent Enhancement and Strategies to Protect Against Enhancement in Zika Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:597. [PMID: 29740424 PMCID: PMC5925603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon in which preexisting poorly neutralizing antibodies leads to enhanced infection. It is a serious concern with mosquito-borne flaviviruses such as Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). In vitro experimental evidences have indicated the preventive, as well as a pathogenicity-enhancing role, of preexisting DENV antibodies in ZIKV infections. ADE has been confirmed in DENV but not ZIKV infections. Principally, the Fc region of the anti-DENV antibody binds with the fragment crystallizable gamma receptor (FcγR), and subsequent C1q interactions and immune effector functions are responsible for the ADE. In contrast to normal DENV infections, with ADE in DENV infections, inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and a reduction in IRF-1 gene expression, NOS2 levels, and RIG-1 and MDA-5 expression levels occurs. FcγRIIA is the most permissive FcγR for DENV-ADE, and under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha transcriptionally enhances expression levels of FcγRIIA, which further enhances ADE. To produce therapeutic antibodies with broad reactivity to different DENV serotypes, as well as to ZIKV, bispecific antibodies, Fc region mutants, modified Fc regions, and anti-idiotypic antibodies may be engineered. An in-depth understanding of the immunological and molecular mechanisms of DENV-ADE of ZIKV pathogenicity will be useful for the design of common and safe therapeutics and prophylactics against both viral pathogens. The present review discusses the role of DENV antibodies in modulating DENV/ZIKV pathogenicity/infection and strategies to counter ADE to protect against Zika infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine SIriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Dengue viruses and promising envelope protein domain III-based vaccines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2977-2996. [PMID: 29470620 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses are emerging mosquito-borne pathogens belonging to Flaviviridae family which are transmitted to humans via the bites of infected mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Because of the wide distribution of these mosquito vectors, more than 2.5 billion people are approximately at risk of dengue infection. Dengue viruses cause dengue fever and severe life-threatening illnesses as well as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. All four serotypes of dengue virus can cause dengue diseases, but the manifestations are nearly different depending on type of the virus in consequent infections. Infection by any serotype creates life-long immunity against the corresponding serotype and temporary immunity to the others. This transient immunity declines after a while (6 months to 2 years) and is not protective against other serotypes, even may enhance the severity of a secondary heterotypic infection with a different serotype through a phenomenon known as antibody-depended enhancement (ADE). Although, it can be one of the possible explanations for more severe dengue diseases in individuals infected with a different serotype after primary infection. The envelope protein (E protein) of dengue virus is responsible for a wide range of biological activities, including binding to host cell receptors and fusion to and entry into host cells. The E protein, and especially its domain III (EDIII), stimulates host immunity responses by inducing protective and neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, the dengue E protein is an important antigen for vaccine development and diagnostic purposes. Here, we have provided a comprehensive review of dengue disease, vaccine design challenges, and various approaches in dengue vaccine development with emphasizing on newly developed envelope domain III-based dengue vaccine candidates.
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19
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Combe M, Lacoux X, Martinez J, Méjan O, Luciani F, Daniel S. Expression, refolding and bio-structural analysis of a tetravalent recombinant dengue envelope domain III protein for serological diagnosis. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 133:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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A novel method for dengue virus detection and antibody screening using a graphene-polymer based electrochemical biosensor. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:549-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Chen J, Wen K, Li XQ, Yi HS, Ding XX, Huang YF, Pan YX, Hu DM, Di B, Che XY, Fu N. Functional properties of DENV EDIII‑reactive antibodies in human DENV‑1‑infected sera and rabbit antiserum to EDIII. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1799-808. [PMID: 27357403 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope domain III (EDIII) of the dengue virus (DENV) has been confirmed to be involved in receptor binding. It is the target of specific neutralizing antibodies, and is considered to be a promising subunit dengue vaccine candidate. However, several recent studies have shown that anti‑EDIII antibodies contribute little to the neutralizing or enhancing ability of human DENV‑infected serum. The present study involved an analysis of the neutralization and antibody‑dependent enhancement (ADE) activities of EDIII‑reactive antibodies in human convalescent sera from patients with primary DENV‑1 infection and rabbit antiserum immunized with recombinant DENV‑1 EDIII protein. The results indicated that serum neutralization was not associated with titres of EDIII‑binding antibodies in the human DENV‑1‑infected sera. The depletion of anti‑EDIII antibodies from these serum samples revealed that the anti‑EDIII antibodies of the patients contributed little to neutralization and ADE. However, the EDIII‑reactive antibodies from the rabbit antiserum exhibited protective abilities of neutralization at a high dilution (~1:50,000) and ADE at a low dilution (~1:5,000) for the homotypic DENV infection. Notably, the rabbit antiserum displayed ADE activity only at a dilution of 1:40 for the heterotypic virus infection, which suggests that EDIII‑reactive antibodies may be safe in secondary infection with heterotypic viruses. These results suggest that DENV EDIII is not the predominant antigen of the DENV infection process; however, purified or recombinant DENV EDIII may be used as a subunit vaccine to provoke an effective and safe antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wen
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Quan Li
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Su Yi
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Xia Ding
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Fen Huang
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xian Pan
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Hu
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Biao Di
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Che
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Ning Fu
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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22
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Ramanathan B, Poh CL, Kirk K, McBride WJH, Aaskov J, Grollo L. Synthetic B-Cell Epitopes Eliciting Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies: Strategies for Future Dengue Vaccine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155900. [PMID: 27223692 PMCID: PMC4880327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a major public health threat worldwide. A key element in protection from dengue fever is the neutralising antibody response. Anti-dengue IgG purified from DENV-2 infected human sera showed reactivity against several peptides when evaluated by ELISA and epitope extraction techniques. A multi-step computational approach predicted six antigenic regions within the E protein of DENV-2 that concur with the 6 epitopes identified by the combined ELISA and epitope extraction approach. The selected peptides representing B-cell epitopes were attached to a known dengue T-helper epitope and evaluated for their vaccine potency. Immunization of mice revealed two novel synthetic vaccine constructs that elicited good humoral immune responses and produced cross-reactive neutralising antibodies against DENV-1, 2 and 3. The findings indicate new directions for epitope mapping and contribute towards the future development of multi-epitope based synthetic peptide vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Ramanathan
- Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kristin Kirk
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - John Aaskov
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lara Grollo
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Novel dengue virus inhibitor 4-HPR activates ATF4 independent of protein kinase R-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase and elevates levels of eIF2α phosphorylation in virus infected cells. Antiviral Res 2016; 130:1-6. [PMID: 26965420 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infections by dengue virus (DENV) are increasing worldwide, with an urgent need for effective anti-DENV agents. We recently identified N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR), an anti-DENV agent effective against all 4 serotypes of DENV in cell culture, and in a lethal mouse model for DENV infection (Fraser et al., 2014b). Although identified as an inhibitor of DENV non-structural protein 5 (NS5) recognition by host nuclear import proteins, the precise impact and mode of action of 4-HPR in effecting DENV clearance remains to be defined. Significantly, concurrent with decreased viral RNA and infectious DENV in 4-HPR-treated cells, we previously observed specific up-regulation of transcripts representing the Protein Kinase R-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK) arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway upon 4-HPR addition. Here we pursue these findings in detail, examining the role of specific PERK pathway components in DENV clearance. We demonstrate that 4-HPR-induced nuclear localization of Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4), a pathway component downstream from PERK, occurs in a PERK-independent manner, implying activation instead occurs through Integrated Stress Response (ISR) kinases. Significantly, ATF4 does not appear to be required for the antiviral activity of 4-HPR, suggesting transcriptional events induced by ATF4 do not drive the 4-HPR-induced antiviral state. Instead, we demonstrate that 4-HPR induces phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), a target of ISR kinases which controls translation attenuation, and confirm the importance of phosphorylated-eIF2α in DENV infection using guanabenz, a specific inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation. This study provides the first detailed insight into the cellular effects modulated by 4-HPR in DENV-infected cells, critical to progressing 4-HPR towards the clinic.
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Shi X, Deng Y, Wang H, Ji G, Tan W, Jiang T, Li X, Zhao H, Xia T, Meng Y, Wang C, Yu X, Yang Y, Li B, Qin ED, Dai J, Qin CF, Guo Y. A bispecific antibody effectively neutralizes all four serotypes of dengue virus by simultaneous blocking virus attachment and fusion. MAbs 2016; 8:574-84. [PMID: 26905804 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1148850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dengue virus (DENV) infection severely threatens the health of humans, no specific antiviral drugs are currently approved for clinical use against DENV infection. Attachment and fusion are 2 critical steps for the flavivirus infection, and the corresponding functional epitopes are located at E protein domain III (E-DIII) and domain II (E-DII), respectively. Here, we constructed a bispecific antibody (DVD-1A1D-2A10) based on the 2 well-characterized anti-DENV monoclonal antibodies 1A1D-2 (1A1D) and 2A10G6 (2A10). The 1A1D antibody binds E-DIII and can block the virus attaching to the cell surface, while the 2A10 antibody binds E-DII and is able to prevent the virus from fusing with the endosomal membrane. Our data showed that DVD-1A1D-2A10 retained the antigen-binding activity of both parental antibodies. Importantly, it was demonstrated to be significantly more effective at neutralizing DENV than its parental antibodies both in vitro and in vivo, even better than the combination of them. To eliminate the potential antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect, this bispecific antibody was successfully engineered to prevent Fc-γ-R interaction. Overall, we generated a bispecific anti-DENV antibody targeting both attachment and fusion stages, and this bispecific antibody broadly neutralized all 4 serotypes of DENV without risk of ADE, suggesting that it has great potential as a novel antiviral strategy against DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- b Department of Virology , Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China.,c State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Beijing , China
| | - Huajing Wang
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guanghui Ji
- e Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Navy General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Wenlong Tan
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Tao Jiang
- b Department of Virology , Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China.,c State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- b Department of Virology , Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Hui Zhao
- b Department of Virology , Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Tian Xia
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yanchun Meng
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chao Wang
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaojie Yu
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yang Yang
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Bohua Li
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China.,d State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy , Shanghai , China
| | - E-De Qin
- b Department of Virology , Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Jianxin Dai
- a International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China.,d State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy , Shanghai , China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- b Department of Virology , Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China.,c State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Beijing , China
| | - Yajun Guo
- d State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy , Shanghai , China
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25
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Abstract
The dengue virus and related flaviviruses are an increasing global health threat. In this perspective, we comment on and review medicinal chemistry efforts aimed at the prevention or treatment of dengue infections. We include target-based approaches aimed at viral or host factors and results from phenotypic screenings in cellular assay systems for viral replication. This perspective is limited to the discussion of results that provide explicit chemistry or structure-activity relationship (SAR), or appear to be of particular interest to the medicinal chemist for other reasons. The discovery and development efforts discussed here may at least partially be extrapolated toward other emerging flaviviral infections, such as West Nile virus. Therefore, this perspective, although not aimed at flaviviruses in general, should also be able to provide an overview of the medicinal chemistry of these closely related infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira A M Behnam
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veaceslav Boldescu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova , Academiei 3, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Christian D Klein
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Londono-Renteria B, Drame PM, Weitzel T, Rosas R, Gripping C, Cardenas JC, Alvares M, Wesson DM, Poinsignon A, Remoue F, Colpitts TM. An. gambiae gSG6-P1 evaluation as a proxy for human-vector contact in the Americas: a pilot study. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:533. [PMID: 26464073 PMCID: PMC4605097 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During blood meal, the female mosquito injects saliva able to elicit an immune response in the vertebrate. This immune response has been proven to reflect the intensity of exposure to mosquito bites and risk of infection for vector transmitted pathogens such as malaria. The peptide gSG6-P1 of An. gambiae saliva has been demonstrated to be antigenic and highly specific to Anopheles as a genus. However, the applicability of gSG6-P1 to measure exposure to different Anopheles species endemic in the Americas has yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this pilot study was to test whether human participants living in American countries present antibodies able to recognize the gSG6-P1, and whether these antibodies are useful as a proxy for mosquito bite exposure and malaria risk. Methods We tested human serum samples from Colombia, Chile, and the United States for the presence of IgG antibodies against gSG6-P1 by ELISA. Antibody concentrations were expressed as delta optical density (ΔOD) of each sera tested in duplicates. The difference in the antibody concentrations between groups was tested using the nonparametric Mann Whitney test (independent groups) and the nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test (dependent groups). All differences were considered significant with a P < 0.05. Results We found that the concentration of gSG6-P1 antibodies was significantly correlated with malaria infection status and mosquito bite exposure history. People with clinical malaria presented significantly higher concentrations of IgG anti-gSG6-P1 antibodies than healthy controls. Additionally, a significant raise in antibody concentrations was observed in subjects returning from malaria endemic areas. Conclusion Our data shows that gSG6-P1 is a suitable candidate for the evaluation of exposure to Anopheles mosquito bites, risk of malaria transmission, and effectiveness of protection measures against mosquito bites in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Bldg 2 Rm C3, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
| | - Papa M Drame
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Laboratorio Clínico/Programa Medicina del Viajero, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Crystal Gripping
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | | | - Marcela Alvares
- Hospital Emiro Quintero Canizales, Ocana, Norte de Santander, Colombia.
| | - Dawn M Wesson
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Anne Poinsignon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-IRD, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Franck Remoue
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-IRD, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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27
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Ji GH, Deng YQ, Yu XJ, Jiang T, Wang HJ, Shi X, Zhang DP, Li XF, Zhu SY, Zhao H, Dai JX, Qin CF, Guo YJ. Characterization of a Novel Dengue Serotype 4 Virus-Specific Neutralizing Epitope on the Envelope Protein Domain III. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139741. [PMID: 26430770 PMCID: PMC4592203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV) envelope protein domain III (ED3) has been suggested to contain receptor recognition sites and the critical neutralizing epitopes. Up to date, relatively little work has been done on fine mapping of neutralizing epitopes on ED3 for DENV4. In this study, a novel mouse type-specific neutralizing antibody 1G6 against DENV4 was obtained with both prophylactic and therapeutic effects. The epitope was mapped to residues 387-390 of DENV4 envelope protein. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis assay identified two critical residues (T388 and H390). The epitope is variable among different DENV serotypes but is highly conserved among four DENV4 genotypes. Affinity measurement showed that naturally occurring variations in ED3 outside the epitope region did not alter the binding of mAb 1G6. These findings expand our understanding of the interactions between neutralizing antibodies and the DENV4 and may be valuable for rational design of DENV vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Ji
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yu
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Jing Wang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Shi
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Peng Zhang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shun-Ya Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Xin Dai
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Guo
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Bennett KM, Gorham RD, Gusti V, Trinh L, Morikis D, Lo DD. Hybrid flagellin as a T cell independent vaccine scaffold. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:71. [PMID: 26265529 PMCID: PMC4534063 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To extend the potency of vaccines against infectious diseases, vaccines should be able to exploit multiple arms of the immune system. One component of the immune system that is under-used in vaccine design is the subset of B cells known to be capable of responding to repetitive antigenic epitopes and differentiate into plasma cells even in the absence of T cell help (T-independent, TI). Results To target vaccine responses from T-independent B cells, we reengineered a bacterial Flagellin (FliC) by replacing its exposed D3 domain with a viral envelope protein from Dengue virus (DENV2). The resulting hybrid FliC protein (hFliC) was able to form stable filaments decorated with conformationally intact DENV2 envelope domains. These filaments were not only capable of inducing a T cell-dependent (TD) humoral antibody response, but also significant IgM and IgG3 antibody response in a helper T cell repertoire-restricted transgenic mouse model. Conclusions Our results provide proof-of-principle demonstration that a reengineered hybrid FliC could be used as a platform for polymeric subunit vaccines, enhancing T cell-dependent and possibly inducing T-independent antibody responses from B-1 B cells as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0194-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila M Bennett
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA. .,Bioengineering Interdepartmental Graduate Program, California, USA.
| | - Ronald D Gorham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
| | - Veronica Gusti
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
| | - Lien Trinh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
| | - David D Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
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29
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Dengue protease activity: the structural integrity and interaction of NS2B with NS3 protease and its potential as a drug target. Biosci Rep 2015; 31:399-409. [PMID: 21329491 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviral NS3 serine proteases require the NS2B cofactor region (cNS2B) to be active. Recent crystal structures of WNV (West Nile virus) protease in complex with inhibitors revealed that cNS2B participates in the formation of the protease active site. No crystal structures of ternary complexes are currently available for DENV (dengue virus) to validate the role of cNS2B in active site formation. In the present study, a GST (glutathione transferase) fusion protein of DENV-2 cNS2B49-95 was used as a bait to pull down DENV-2 protease domain (NS3pro). The affinity of NS3pro for cNS2B was strong (equilibrium-binding constant <200 nM) and the heterodimeric complex displayed a catalytic efficiency similar to that of single-chain DENV-2 cNS2B/NS3pro. Various truncations and mutations in the cNS2B sequence showed that conformational integrity of the entire 47 amino acids is critical for protease activity. Furthermore, DENV-2 NS3 protease can be pulled down and transactivated by cNS2B cofactors from DENV-1, -3, -4 and WNV, suggesting that mechanisms for activation are conserved across the flavivirus genus. To validate NS2B as a potential target in allosteric inhibitor development, a cNS2B-specific human monoclonal antibody (3F10) was utilized. 3F10 disrupted the interaction between cNS2B and NS3 in vitro and reduced DENV viral replication in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells. This provides proof-of-concept for developing assays to find inhibitors that block the interaction between NS2B and NS3 during viral translation.
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30
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Lai PY, Hsu CT, Wang SH, Lee JC, Tseng MJ, Hwang J, Ji WT, Chen HR. Production of a neutralizing antibody against envelope protein of dengue virus type 2 using the linear array epitope technique. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2155-2165. [PMID: 24948392 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.062562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV; genus Flavivirus) contains a positive-stranded RNA genome. Binding of DENV to host cells is mediated through domain III of the viral envelope protein. Many therapeutic mAbs against domain III have been generated and characterized because of its high antigenicity. We have previously established a novel PCR method named the linear array epitope (LAE) technique for producing monoclone-like polyclonal antibodies. To prove this method could be utilized to produce antibody against epitopes with low antigenicity, a region of 10 aa (V365NIEAEPPFG374) from domain III of the envelope protein in DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) was selected to design the primers for the LAE technique. A DNA fragment encoding 10 directed repeats of these 10 aa for producing the tandem-repeated peptides was obtained and fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-containing vector. This fusion protein (GST-Den EIII10-His6) was purified from Escherichia coli and used as antigen for immunizing rabbits to obtain the polyclonal antibody. Furthermore, the EIII antibody could recognize envelope proteins either ectopically overexpressed or synthesized by DENV2 infection using Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Most importantly, this antibody was also able to detect DENV2 virions by ELISA, and could block viral entry into BHK-21 cells as shown by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR assays. Taken together, the LAE technique could be applied successfully for the production of antibodies against antigens with low antigenicity, and shows high potential to produce antibodies with good quality for academic research, diagnosis and even therapeutic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yeh Lai
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tse Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Institute of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Luzhu District, Kaohsiung City 82151, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hung Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jen Tseng
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jaulang Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsai Ji
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ren Chen
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
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31
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Panya A, Bangphoomi K, Choowongkomon K, Yenchitsomanus PT. Peptide inhibitors against dengue virus infection. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:148-57. [PMID: 24612829 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection has become a public health problem worldwide. The development of anti-DENV drug is urgently needed because neither licensed vaccine nor specific drug is currently available. Inhibition of DENV attachment and entry to host cells by blocking DENV envelope (E) protein is an attractive strategy for anti-DENV drug development. A hydrophobic pocket on the DENV E protein is essential for structural transition in the membrane fusion, and inhibition of this process is able to inhibit DENV infection. To search for a safe anti-DENV drug, we identified short peptides targeting the hydrophobic pocket by molecular docking. In addition, the information of predicted ligand-binding site of reported active compounds of DENV2 hydrophobic pocket was also used for peptide inhibitors selection. The di-peptide, EF, was the most effective on DENV2 infection inhibition in vitro with a half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) of 96 μm. Treatment of DENV2 with EF at the concentration of 200 μm resulted in 83.47% and 84.15% reduction in viral genome and intracellular E protein, respectively. Among four DENV serotypes, DENV2 was the most effective for the inhibition. Our results provide the proof of concept for the development of therapeutic peptide inhibitors against DENV infection by the computer-aided molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aussara Panya
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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32
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Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have become the mainstream method for biomolecular interaction analysis. It offers many advantages over conventional methods by its label-free, real-time monitoring, low sample consumption, high throughput, and remarkable sensitivity. We have examined dengue virus protein interactions in the context of antibody affinity measurement, protein-protein interaction, and in the screening of small molecule inhibitors as well as the characterization of the interactions between the small molecule binders and the relevant dengue protein. Here we describe the basic methods involved in performing SPR assays as well as in data processing and evaluation using some examples of dengue proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Hoe Yau
- Division of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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33
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Possible future monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy against arbovirus infections. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:838491. [PMID: 24058915 PMCID: PMC3766601 DOI: 10.1155/2013/838491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
More than 150 arboviruses belonging to different families are known to infect humans, causing endemic infections as well as epidemic outbreaks. Effective vaccines to limit the occurrence of some of these infections have been licensed, while for the others several new immunogens are under development mostly for their improvements concerning safety and effectiveness profiles. On the other hand, specific and effective antiviral drugs are not yet available, posing an urgent medical need in particular for emergency cases. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of several infectious diseases as well as in preliminary in vitro and in vivo models of arbovirus-related infections. Given their specific antiviral activity as well-tolerated molecules with limited side effects, mAbs could represent a new therapeutic approach for the development of an effective treatment, as well as useful tools in the study of the host-virus interplay and in the development of more effective immunogens. However, before their use as candidate therapeutics, possible hurdles (e.g., Ab-dependent enhancement of infection, occurrence of viral escape variants) must be carefully evaluated. In this review are described the main arboviruses infecting humans and candidate mAbs to be possibly used in a future passive immunotherapy.
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34
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Li XQ, Qiu LW, Chen Y, Wen K, Cai JP, Chen J, Pan YX, Li J, Hu DM, Huang YF, Liu LD, Ding XX, Guo YH, Che XY. Dengue virus envelope domain III immunization elicits predominantly cross-reactive, poorly neutralizing antibodies localized to the AB loop: implications for dengue vaccine design. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2191-2201. [PMID: 23851440 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.055178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes severe health problems. An effective tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate that can provide life-long protection simultaneously against all four DENV serotypes is highly anticipated. A better understanding of the antibody response to DENV envelope protein domain III (EDIII) may offer insights into vaccine development. Here, we identified 25 DENV cross-reactive mAbs from immunization with Pichia pastoris-expressed EDIII of a single or all four serotype(s) using a prime-boost protocol, and through pepscan analysis found that 60 % of them (15/25) specifically recognized the same highly conserved linear epitope aa 309-320 of EDIII. All 15 complex-reactive mAbs exhibited significant cross-reactivity with recombinant EDIII from all DENV serotypes and also with C6/36 cells infected with DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4. However, neutralization assays indicated that the majority of these 15 mAbs were either moderately or weakly neutralizing. Through further epitope mapping by yeast surface display, two residues in the AB loop, Q316 and H317, were discovered to be critical. Three-dimensional modelling analysis suggests that this epitope is surface exposed on EDIII but less accessible on the surface of the E protein dimer and trimer, especially on the surface of the mature virion. It is concluded that EDIII as an immunogen may elicit cross-reactive mAbs toward an epitope that is not exposed on the virion surface, therefore contributing inefficiently to the mAbs neutralization potency. Therefore, the prime-boost strategy of EDIII from a single serotype or four serotypes mainly elicited a poorly neutralizing, cross-reactive antibody response to the conserved AB loop of EDIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Quan Li
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, PR China
| | - Li-Wen Qiu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Kun Wen
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Yu-Xian Pan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Hu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Yan-Fen Huang
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Li-Dong Liu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Xi-Xia Ding
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Yong-Hui Guo
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Che
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
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35
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Puri V, Streaker E, Prabakaran P, Zhu Z, Dimitrov DS. Highly efficient selection of epitope specific antibody through competitive yeast display library sorting. MAbs 2013; 5:533-9. [PMID: 23765162 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.25211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatory antibody library display technologies have been invented and successfully implemented for the selection and engineering of therapeutic antibodies. Precise targeting of important epitopes on the protein of interest is essential for such isolated antibodies to serve as effective modulators of molecular interactions. We developed a strategy to efficiently isolate antibodies against a specific epitope on a target protein from a yeast display antibody library using dengue virus envelope protein domain III as a model target. A domain III mutant protein with a key mutation inside a cross-reactive neutralizing epitope was designed, expressed, and used in the competitive panning of a yeast display naïve antibody library. All the yeast display antibodies that bound to the wild type domain III but not to the mutant were selectively sorted and characterized. Two unique clones were identified and showed cross-reactive binding to envelope protein domain IIIs from different serotypes. Epitope mapping of one of the antibodies confirmed that its epitope overlapped with the intended neutralizing epitope. This novel approach has implications for many areas of research where the isolation of epitope-specific antibodies is desired, such as selecting antibodies against conserved epitope(s) of viral envelope proteins from a library containing high titer, high affinity non-neutralizing antibodies, and targeting unique epitopes on cancer-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Puri
- Protein Interactions Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD USA
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36
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Fan J, Liu Y, Xie X, Zhang B, Yuan Z. Inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus infection by flavivirus recombinant E protein domain III. Virol Sin 2013; 28:152-60. [PMID: 23709058 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-013-3331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to the human pathogens including yellow fever virus, dengue virus and West Nile virus. There are currently no effective antiviral therapies for all of the flavivirus and only a few highly effective vaccines are licensed for human use. In this paper, the E protein domain III (DIII) of six heterologous flaviviruses (DENV1-4, WNV and JEV) was expressed in Escherichia coli successfully. The proteins were purified after a solubilization and refolding procedure, characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Competitive inhibition showed that all recombinant flavivirus DIII proteins blocked the entry of JEV into BHK-21 cells. Further studies indicated that antibodies induced by the soluble recombinant flavivirus DIII partially protected mice against lethal JEV challenge. These results demonstrated that recombinant flavivirus DIII proteins could inhibit JEV infection competitively, and immunization with proper folding flavivirus DIII induced cross-protection against JEV infection in mice, implying a possible role of DIII for the cross-protection among flavivirus as well as its use in antigens for immunization in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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37
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Protection by immunoglobulin dual-affinity retargeting antibodies against dengue virus. J Virol 2013; 87:7747-53. [PMID: 23658441 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00327-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses are the most common arthropod-transmitted viral infection, with an estimated 390 million human infections annually and ∼3.6 billion people at risk. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics available to control the global dengue virus disease burden. In this study, we demonstrate the binding, neutralizing activity, and therapeutic capacity of a novel bispecific dual-affinity retargeting molecule (DART) that limits infection of all four serotypes of dengue virus.
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38
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Ichiyama K, Gopala Reddy SB, Zhang LF, Chin WX, Muschin T, Heinig L, Suzuki Y, Nanjundappa H, Yoshinaka Y, Ryo A, Nomura N, Ooi EE, Vasudevan SG, Yoshida T, Yamamoto N. Sulfated polysaccharide, curdlan sulfate, efficiently prevents entry/fusion and restricts antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection in vitro: a possible candidate for clinical application. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2188. [PMID: 23658845 PMCID: PMC3636050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Curdlan sulfate (CRDS), a sulfated 1→3-β-D glucan, previously shown to be a potent HIV entry inhibitor, is characterized in this study as a potent inhibitor of the Dengue virus (DENV). CRDS was identified by in silico blind docking studies to exhibit binding potential to the envelope (E) protein of the DENV. CRDS was shown to inhibit the DENV replication very efficiently in different cells in vitro. Minimal effective concentration of CRDS was as low as 0.1 µg/mL in LLC-MK2 cells, and toxicity was observed only at concentrations over 10 mg/mL. CRDS can also inhibit DENV-1, 3, and 4 efficiently. CRDS did not inhibit the replication of DENV subgenomic replicon. Time of addition experiments demonstrated that the compound not only inhibited viral infection at the host cell binding step, but also at an early post-attachment step of entry (membrane fusion). The direct binding of CRDS to DENV was suggested by an evident reduction in the viral titers after interaction of the virus with CRDS following an ultrafiltration device separation, as well as after virus adsorption to an alkyl CRDS-coated membrane filter. The electron microscopic features also showed that CRDS interacted directly with the viral envelope, and caused changes to the viral surface. CRDS also potently inhibited DENV infection in DC-SIGN expressing cells as well as the antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV-2 infection. Based on these data, a probable binding model of CRDS to DENV E protein was constructed by a flexible receptor and ligand docking study. The binding site of CRDS was predicted to be at the interface between domains II and III of E protein dimer, which is unique to this compound, and is apparently different from the β-OG binding site. Since CRDS has already been tested in humans without serious side effects, its clinical application can be considered. There is no specific approved antiviral and vaccine for treatment or prevention of dengue, an acute mosquito-transmitted viral disease that affects more than 50 million people each year. Dengue virus (DENV) entry is a critical step that establishes the infection and enables virus replication. Curdlan sulfate (CRDS) is known to inhibit the entry and propagation of HIV-1 in the laboratory. Here we applied a computational binding site identification strategy, which suggested that CRDS could be a probable entry inhibitor of the viral surface E protein. CRDS potently blocked DENV infection at an early stage of the virus lifecycle in vitro. In addition, CRDS prevented antibody dependent enhancement, which is considered to be one of the most important clinical observations in DENV-infected patients. CRDS shows a favorable selectivity index against all serotypes of DENV. Further computational docking indicates that the compound binds to a pocket on the DENV E protein. Since CRDS has already been tested in humans without serious side effects, it can be a good candidate for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ichiyama
- Translational ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Human Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sindhoora Bhargavi Gopala Reddy
- Translational ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Li Feng Zhang
- Translational ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Xin Chin
- Translational ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tegshi Muschin
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Japan
| | - Lars Heinig
- Translational ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Translational ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haraprasad Nanjundappa
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Yoshiyuki Yoshinaka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nomura
- Department of Human Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Subhash G. Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Translational ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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39
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Wei Y, Wong LP, Toh CS. Fuel Cell Virus Sensor Using Virus Capture within Antibody-Coated Nanochannels. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1350-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302942y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wei
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Lai Peng Wong
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Chee-Seng Toh
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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40
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Antony H, Schaeffer PM. A GFP-tagged nucleoprotein-based aggregation assay for anti-influenza drug discovery and antibody development. Analyst 2013; 138:6073-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01041d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Teoh EP, Kukkaro P, Teo EW, Lim APC, Tan TT, Yip A, Schul W, Aung M, Kostyuchenko VA, Leo YS, Chan SH, Smith KGC, Chan AHY, Zou G, Ooi EE, Kemeny DM, Tan GK, Ng JKW, Ng ML, Alonso S, Fisher D, Shi PY, Hanson BJ, Lok SM, MacAry PA. The structural basis for serotype-specific neutralization of dengue virus by a human antibody. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:139ra83. [PMID: 22723463 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that affects 2.5 billion people worldwide. There are four dengue serotypes (DENV1 to DENV4), and infection with one elicits lifelong immunity to that serotype but offers only transient protection against the other serotypes. Identification of the protective determinants of the human antibody response to DENV is a vital requirement for the design and evaluation of future preventative therapies and treatments. Here, we describe the isolation of a neutralizing antibody from a DENV1-infected patient. The human antibody 14c10 (HM14c10) binds specifically to DENV1. HM14c10 neutralizes the virus principally by blocking virus attachment; at higher concentrations, a post-attachment step can also be inhibited. In vivo studies show that the HM14c10 antibody has antiviral activity at picomolar concentrations. A 7 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy map of Fab fragments of HM14c10 in a complex with DENV1 shows targeting of a discontinuous epitope that spans the adjacent surface of envelope protein dimers. As found previously, a human antibody specific for the related West Nile virus binds to a similar quaternary structure, suggesting that this could be an immunodominant epitope. These findings provide a structural and molecular context for durable, serotype-specific immunity to DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Ping Teoh
- Department of Microbiology and Life Sciences Institute Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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42
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Resistance analysis of an antibody that selectively inhibits dengue virus serotype-1. Antiviral Res 2012; 95:216-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Ye J, Shao H, Perez DR. Passive immune neutralization strategies for prevention and control of influenza A infections. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:175-86. [PMID: 22339460 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vaccination significantly reduces influenza severity, seasonal human influenza epidemics still cause more than 250,000 deaths annually. Vaccine efficacy is limited in high-risk populations such as infants, the elderly and immunosuppressed individuals. In the event of an influenza pandemic (such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic), a significant delay in vaccine availability represents a significant public health concern, particularly in high-risk groups. The increasing emergence of strains resistant to the two major anti-influenza drugs, adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors, and the continuous circulation of avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential in poultry, strongly calls for alternative prophylactic and treatment options. In this review, we focus on passive virus neutralization strategies for the prevention and control of influenza type A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Ye
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park & Virginia - Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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44
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Midgley CM, Flanagan A, Tran HB, Dejnirattisai W, Chawansuntati K, Jumnainsong A, Wongwiwat W, Duangchinda T, Mongkolsapaya J, Grimes JM, Screaton GR. Structural analysis of a dengue cross-reactive antibody complexed with envelope domain III reveals the molecular basis of cross-reactivity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:4971-9. [PMID: 22491255 PMCID: PMC3364712 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus infections are still increasing at an alarming rate in tropical and subtropical countries, underlying the need for a dengue vaccine. Although it is relatively easy to generate Ab responses to dengue virus, low avidity or low concentrations of Ab may enhance infection of FcR-bearing cells with clinical impact, posing a challenge to vaccine production. In this article, we report the characterization of a mAb, 2H12, which is cross-reactive to all four serotypes in the dengue virus group. Crystal structures of 2H12-Fab in complex with domain III of the envelope protein from three dengue serotypes have been determined. 2H12 binds to the highly conserved AB loop of domain III of the envelope protein that is poorly accessible in the mature virion. 2H12 neutralization varied between dengue serotypes and strains; in particular, dengue serotype 2 was not neutralized. Because the 2H12-binding epitope was conserved, this variation in neutralization highlights differences between dengue serotypes and suggests that significant conformational changes in the virus must take place for Ab binding. Surprisingly, 2H12 facilitated little or no enhancement of infection. These data provide a structural basis for understanding Ab neutralization and enhancement of infection, which is crucial for the development of future dengue vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Midgley
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Aleksandra Flanagan
- Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hai Bac Tran
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Wiyada Wongwiwat
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jonathan M. Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
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45
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Cheng MS, Ho JS, Tan CH, Wong JPS, Ng LC, Toh CS. Development of an electrochemical membrane-based nanobiosensor for ultrasensitive detection of dengue virus. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 725:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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46
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Li PC, Liao MY, Cheng PC, Liang JJ, Liu IJ, Chiu CY, Lin YL, Chang GJJ, Wu HC. Development of a humanized antibody with high therapeutic potential against dengue virus type 2. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1636. [PMID: 22563515 PMCID: PMC3341331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A therapeutic antibody against the viral envelope (E) protein represents a promising immunotherapy for disease control. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We generated seventeen novel mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high reactivity against E protein of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2). The mAbs were further dissected using recombinant E protein domain I-II (E-DI-II) and III (E-DIII) of DENV-2. Using plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and mouse protection assay with lethal doses of DENV-2, we identified four serotype-specific mAbs that had high neutralizing activity against DENV-2 infection. Of the four, E-DIII targeting mAb DB32-6 was the strongest neutralizing mAb against diverse DENV-2 strains. Using phage display and virus-like particles (VLPs) we found that residue K310 in the E-DIII A-strand was key to mAb DB32-6 binding E-DIII. We successfully converted DB32-6 to a humanized version that retained potency for the neutralization of DENV-2 and did not enhance the viral infection. The DB32-6 showed therapeutic efficacy against mortality induced by different strains of DENV-2 in two mouse models even in post-exposure trials. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We used novel epitope mapping strategies, by combining phage display with VLPs, to identify the important A-strand epitopes with strong neutralizing activity. This study introduced potential therapeutic antibodies that might be capable of providing broad protection against diverse DENV-2 infections without enhancing activity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Chun Li
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Liao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chang Cheng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gwong-Jen J. Chang
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Dengue virus entry as target for antiviral therapy. J Trop Med 2012; 2012:628475. [PMID: 22529868 PMCID: PMC3317058 DOI: 10.1155/2012/628475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infections are expanding worldwide and, because of the lack of a vaccine, the search for antiviral products is imperative. Four serotypes of DENV are described and they all cause a similar disease outcome. It would be interesting to develop an antiviral product that can interact with all four serotypes, prevent host cell infection and subsequent immune activation. DENV entry is thus an interesting target for antiviral therapy. DENV enters the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Several cellular receptors have been proposed, and DC-SIGN, present on dendritic cells, is considered as the most important DENV receptor until now. Because DENV entry is a target for antiviral therapy, various classes of compounds have been investigated to inhibit this process. In this paper, an overview is given of all the putative DENV receptors, and the most promising DENV entry inhibitors are discussed.
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48
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Moreland NJ, Susanto P, Lim E, Tay MYF, Rajamanonmani R, Hanson BJ, Vasudevan SG. Phage display approaches for the isolation of monoclonal antibodies against dengue virus envelope domain III from human and mouse derived libraries. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2618-2635. [PMID: 22489114 PMCID: PMC3317677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13032618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Domain III of the dengue virus envelope protein (EDIII, aa295-395) has an immunoglobulin fold and is the proposed receptor-binding domain of the virus. Previous studies have shown that monoclonal antibodies against EDIII can be neutralizing and have therapeutic potential. Here, cloned Fab-phage libraries of human and mouse origin were screened for DENV specific antibodies. Firstly, bacterially expressed EDIII or whole virus particles were used as bait in biopanning against a large naïve human Fab-phage library (>10 billion independent clones). Multiple panning strategies were employed, and in excess of 1000 clones were screened, but all of the antibodies identified bound the envelope in regions outside EDIII suggesting EDIII antibodies are virtually absent from the naïve human repertoire. Next, a chimeric Fab-phage library was constructed from a panel of EDIII specific mouse hybridomas by pooling the VH and VL chain sequences from the hybridomas and cloning these into the pComb3X phagemid vector with human CH and CL encoding sequences. Biopanning against EDIII identified a unique antibody (C9) that cross-reacts with EDIII from DENV1-3 and, in the IgG format, binds and neutralizes DENV2 in cell-based assays. Sequence analysis and saturation mutagenesis of complementary determining regions (CDR) in the C9 light chain suggest an antigen recognition model in which the LCDR3 is a key determinant of EDIII specificity, while modifications in LCDR1 and LCDR2 affect DENV serotype cross-reactivity. Overall, this study supports the current prevailing opinion that neutralizing anti-EDIII monoclonal antibodies can be readily generated in murine systems, but in humans the anti-DENV immune response is directed away from domain III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J. Moreland
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College rd, Singapore; E-Mails: (N.J.M); (M.Y.F.T)
| | - Patricia Susanto
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College rd, Singapore; E-Mails: (N.J.M); (M.Y.F.T)
| | - Elfin Lim
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College rd, Singapore; E-Mails: (N.J.M); (M.Y.F.T)
| | - Moon Y. F. Tay
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College rd, Singapore; E-Mails: (N.J.M); (M.Y.F.T)
| | | | - Brendon J. Hanson
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore; E-Mail:
| | - Subhash G. Vasudevan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College rd, Singapore; E-Mails: (N.J.M); (M.Y.F.T)
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49
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the 2009 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2012; 24:892-914. [PMID: 22038797 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We took a different approach to reviewing the commercial biosensor literature this year by inviting 22 biosensor users to serve as a review committee. They set the criteria for what to expect in a publication and ultimately decided to use a pass/fail system for selecting which papers to include in this year's reference list. Of the 1514 publications in 2009 that reported using commercially available optical biosensor technology, only 20% passed their cutoff. The most common criticism the reviewers had with the literature was that "the biosensor experiments could have been done better." They selected 10 papers to highlight good experimental technique, data presentation, and unique applications of the technology. This communal review process was educational for everyone involved and one we will not soon forget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Feng C, Li YF, Yau YH, Lee HS, Tang XY, Xue ZH, Zhou YC, Lim WM, Cornvik TC, Ruedl C, Shochat SG, Tan SM. Kindlin-3 mediates integrin αLβ2 outside-in signaling, and it interacts with scaffold protein receptor for activated-C kinase 1 (RACK1). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10714-26. [PMID: 22334666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.299594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric type I membrane cell adhesion molecules that are involved in many biological processes. Integrins are bidirectional signal transducers because their cytoplasmic tails are docking sites for cytoskeletal and signaling molecules. Kindlins are cytoplasmic molecules that mediate inside-out signaling and activation of the integrins. The three kindlin paralogs in humans are kindlin-1, -2, and -3. Each of these contains a 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM) domain and a pleckstrin homology domain. Kindlin-3 is expressed in platelets, hematopoietic cells, and endothelial cells. Here we show that kindlin-3 is involved in integrin αLβ2 outside-in signaling. It also promotes micro-clustering of integrin αLβ2. We provide evidence that kindlin-3 interacts with the receptor for activated-C kinase 1 (RACK1), a scaffold protein that folds into a seven-blade propeller. This interaction involves the pleckstrin homology domain of kindlin-3 and blades 5-7 of RACK1. Using the SKW3 human T lymphoma cells, we show that integrin αLβ2 engagement by its ligand ICAM-1 promotes the association of kindlin-3 with RACK1. We also show that kindlin-3 co-localizes with RACK1 in polarized SKW3 cells and human T lymphoblasts. Our findings suggest that kindlin-3 plays an important role in integrin αLβ2 outside-in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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