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Wang S, Zhuang Q, Jiang N, Zhang F, Chen Q, Zhao R, Li Y, Yu X, Li J, Hou G, Yuan L, Sun F, Pan Z, Wang K. Reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for avian influenza virus. Virus Genes 2023; 59:410-416. [PMID: 36781819 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) infection can lead to severe economic losses in the poultry industry and causes a serious risk for humans. A rapid and simple test for suspected viral infection cases is crucial. In this study, a reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay (RT-RAA) for the rapid detection of all AIV subtypes was developed. The reaction temperature of the assays is at 39 °C and the detection process can be completed in less than 20 min. The specificity results of the assay showed that this method had no cross-reaction with other main respiratory viruses that affect birds, including Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The analytical sensitivity at a 95% confidence interval was 102 RNA copies per reaction. In comparison with a published assay for reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the κ value of the RT-RAA assay in 384 avian clinical samples was 0.942 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-RAA assay for avian clinical sample detection was determined as 97.59% (95% CI 93.55-99.23%) and 96.79% (95% CI 93.22-98.59%), respectively. The RT-RAA assay for AIV in this study provided an effective and practicable tool for AIV molecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Yanbian University, Agricultural College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Fuyou Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Yuan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fuliang Sun
- Yanbian University, Agricultural College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Chen Y, Jin Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang J. Global dynamical analysis of H5 subtype avian influenza model. INT J BIOMATH 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524522500589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the comprehensive influence of factors such as contact between resident birds and poultry, poultry recruitment, environment and other factors on the transmission and control of H5 subtype avian influenza virus, a dynamic model of resident birds and poultry is developed. First, the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is obtained. When [Formula: see text], the dynamic model have a unique positive equilibrium and the disease persisted. Second, the Lyapunov functions is constructed to determine the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. The results of numerical simulation show that regular disinfection and sterilization can increase the mortality of virus and effectively prevent the occurrence of epidemic situation. Although closing the live poultry trading market is not the main measure to control the epidemic, but it can control the epidemic to a lower level. Therefore, the regular closure of trading markets and sterilization can prevent and control the spread of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Juping Zhang
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Youming Wang
- The Laboratory of Animal Epidemiological Surveillance, China Animal Health & Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
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3
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Li H, Li Q, Li B, Guo Y, Xing J, Xu Q, Liu L, Zhang J, Qi W, Jia W, Liao M. Continuous Reassortment of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 Highly Pathogenetic Avian Influenza Viruses Demonstrating High Risk to Public Health. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080670. [PMID: 32824873 PMCID: PMC7460007 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since it firstly emerged in China in 2013, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) has rapidly replaced predominant H5N1 to become the dominant H5 subtype in China, especially in ducks. Not only endemic in China, it also crossed the geographical barrier and emerged in South Korea, Japan, and Europe. Here, we analyzed the genetic properties of the clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs with full genome sequences available online together with our own isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs continuously reassorted with local H5, H6, and H7N9/H9N2. Species analysis reveals that aquatic poultry and migratory birds became the dominant hosts of H5N6. Adaption to aquatic poultry might help clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 better adapt to migratory birds, thus enabling it to become endemic in China. Besides, migratory birds might help clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 transmit all over the world. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs also showed a preference for α2,6-SA receptors when compared to other avian origin influenza viruses. Experiments in vitro and in vivo revealed that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs exhibited high replication efficiency in both avian and mammal cells, and it also showed high pathogenicity in both mice and chickens, demonstrating high risk to public health. Considering all the factors together, adaption to aquatic poultry and migratory birds helps clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 overcome the geographical isolation, and it has potential to be the next influenza pandemic in the world, making it worthy of our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Xiaqiu Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Station, Yantai 261400, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Guo
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinchao Xing
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lele Liu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.L.); Tel.: +86-020-8528-3309 (W.J.); +86-020-8528-0240 (M.L.)
| | - Ming Liao
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.L.); Tel.: +86-020-8528-3309 (W.J.); +86-020-8528-0240 (M.L.)
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4
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Liu S, Zhuang Q, Wang S, Jiang W, Jin J, Peng C, Hou G, Li J, Yu J, Yu X, Liu H, Sun S, Yuan L, Chen J. Control of avian influenza in China: Strategies and lessons. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1463-1471. [PMID: 32065513 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, multiple subtypes (i.e. H9N2, H5N1 and H7N9) of avian influenza virus (AIV) have become widespread in China, which has caused enormous economic losses and posed considerable threats to public health. In this review, with the aim to provide insights into and guidelines for the control of AIV spread in China and globally in the future, we analysed the reasons why AIV has persisted in China based on socio-economic features, including poultry biosecurity, live bird markets, live bird transportation, wild birds, poultry waterfowl, poultry density, poultry population and infected birds. We also described the present status of the AIV subtypes H9, H5 and H7 in China to elucidate the effectiveness of the strategies currently employed in China (i.e. culling, mass vaccination and biosecurity improvement) to control the disease based on a literature review and our unpublished surveillance data collected over a 12-year period from 2007 to 2018. We then summarized the lessons to be learned from the control experience in China, including whether culling of infected birds is of limited value for disease control and whether improved biosecurity is a better option than culling and vaccination for the long-term control of AIV, and when the vaccine strain should be updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Suchun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jihui Jin
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianmin Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shufang Sun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Yuan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiming Chen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
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5
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Park YR, Lee YN, Lee DH, Baek YG, Si YJ, Meeduangchanh P, Theppangna W, Douangngeun B, Kye SJ, Lee MH, Park CK, Lee YJ. Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry outbreaks in Laos during 2015-2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:947-955. [PMID: 31769586 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since 2004, there have been multiple outbreaks of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in Laos. Here, we isolated H5N1 HPAI viruses from poultry outbreaks in Laos during 2015-2018 and investigated their genetic characteristics and pathogenicity in chickens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to clade 2.3.2.1c and that they differed from previous Laos viruses with respect to genetic composition. In particular, the isolates were divided into two genotypes, each of which had a different NS segments. The results of possible migration analysis suggested a high likelihood that the Laos isolates were introduced from neighbouring countries, particularly Vietnam. The recent Laos isolate, A/Duck/Laos/NL-1504599/2018, had an intravenous pathogenicity index score of 3.0 and showed a 50% chicken lethal dose of 102.5 EID50 /0.1 ml, indicating high pathogenicity. The isolated viruses exhibited no critical substitution in the markers associated with mammalian adaptation, but possess markers related to neuraminidase inhibitor resistance. These results emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance of circulating influenza virus in South-East Asia, including Laos, to better prepare for and mitigate global spread of H5 HPAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Park
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Si
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Soo-Jeong Kye
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
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Different Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Goose-Origin H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070612. [PMID: 31277451 PMCID: PMC6669512 DOI: 10.3390/v11070612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 viruses have been circulating in poultry in Asia since 2013 and producing serious diseases in chickens. Here, we analyzed the genetic properties of 10 H5N6 subtypes AIVs from geese in 2015–2016 in Guangdong province. Phylogenic analysis showed that all HA genes of the 10 viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4, and their genes including HA, PA, PB1, M, NP, and NS all derived from Mix-like 1 (CH, VN, LS). Their PB2 genes come from Mix-like 2 (CH, VN, JP). The NA genes were classified into a Eurasian lineage. Therefore, the 10 viruses likely originate from the same ancestor and were all recombinant viruses between different genotypes. We selected A/Goose/Guangdong/GS144/2015(H5N6) (GS144) and A/Goose/Guangdong/GS148/2016(H5N6) (GS148) viruses to inoculate 5-week-old chickens intranasally with 104 EID50/0.1 mL dose intranasally to assess their pathogenicity and transmissibility. Inoculated chickens showed that the GS144 virus caused systematic infection with a lethality of 100%, but the lethality of GS148 virus was 0%. The two viruses were efficiently transmitted to contact chickens. The lethality of GS144 and GS148 virus in contact with chickens was 87.5% and 0%, respectively, which suggests that the transmissibility of GS144 virus was stronger than GS148 virus in chickens. Thus, different H5N6 viruses from the same waterfowl can show different pathogenicity and transmissibility in chickens. Continued surveillance and characteristic analysis of the H5N6 viruses will help us to keep abreast of evolution and variation in avian influenza viruses in the future.
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Diversity and distribution of type A influenza viruses: an updated panorama analysis based on protein sequences. Virol J 2019; 16:85. [PMID: 31242907 PMCID: PMC6595669 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type A influenza viruses (IAVs) cause significant infections in humans and multiple species of animals including pigs, horses, birds, dogs and some marine animals. They are of complicated phylogenetic diversity and distribution, and analysis of their phylogenetic diversity and distribution from a panorama view has not been updated for multiple years. Methods 139,872 protein sequences of IAVs from GenBank were selected, and they were aligned and phylogenetically analyzed using the software tool MEGA 7.0. Lineages and subordinate lineages were classified according to the topology of the phylogenetic trees and the host, temporal and spatial distribution of the viruses, and designated using a novel universal nomenclature system. Results Large phylogenetic trees of the two external viral genes (HA and NA) and six internal genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, MP and NS) were constructed, and the diversity and the host, temporal and spatial distribution of these genes were calculated and statistically analyzed. Various features regarding the diversity and distribution of IAVs were confirmed, revised or added through this study, as compared with previous reports. Lineages and subordinate lineages were classified and designated for each of the genes based on the updated panorama views. Conclusions The panorama views of phylogenetic diversity and distribution of IAVs and their nomenclature system were updated and assumed to be of significance for studies and communication of IAVs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-019-1188-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Peng C, Sun H, Li J, Hou G, Wang S, Liu S, Zhuang Q, Cheng S, Chen J, Jiang W. Molecular epidemiological survey and complete genomic phylogenetic analysis of H6 subtype avian influenza viruses in poultry in China from 2011 to 2016. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:91-95. [PMID: 30031927 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence and evolution of the H6 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulating in poultry in China from 2011 to 2016, 11 molecular epidemiological surveys was performed in this study. In total, 893 H6 subtype viral strains were isolated from 67,639 swab samples and 360 environmental samples. From these strains, 35 representative strains were selected and their whole genomic sequences determined. According to a phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization, all 35 viral strains belonged to the Eurasian avian lineage. All of them were categorized as 'low pathogenic' and a few strains had some bioinformatical mutations. This epidemiological survey shows that the prevalence of H6 subtype AIVs increased from 2012 to 2016 in China, and suggests that infections by H6 subtype AIVs in China has increased in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongtao Sun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Suchun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanju Cheng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiming Chen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China.
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9
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Cui J, Qu N, Guo Y, Cao L, Wu S, Mei K, Sun H, Lu Y, Qin Z, Jiao P, Liao M. Phylogeny, Pathogenicity, and Transmission of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:328. [PMID: 28770175 PMCID: PMC5515836 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed five H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) isolated from different birds in 2012 in China. Based on whole-genome sequences, we divided the viruses into four genotypes. The DKE26, GSE43, and DKE53 viruses belonged to Genotypes 1-3, respectively. The CKE93 and CKE96 viruses were classified into Genotype 4. Genotypes 1-3 correspond to the viruses containing the HA gene of clade 2.3.2, and Genotype 4 is the virus that bears the HA gene of clade 7.2. To better understand the pathogenicity and transmission of the viruses, we infected chickens with 103 EID50/0.1 ml GSE43 (clade 2.3.2) or CKE93 (clade 7.2) virus. Our results revealed that 6 of 7 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with GSE43 virus were dead before 7-day post-infection, but all the SPF chickens inoculated with CKE93 virus survived the infection. Both the GSE43 and CKE93 viruses replicated systemically in chickens. The virus titers of GSE43 virus in tested organs were obviously higher than those of CKE93 virus. Our results revealed that the pathogenicity and replication of GSE43 in chickens was much higher than those of CKE93. The GSE43 virus could transmit between chickens, but the CKE93 could not transmit between chickens by naïve contact. Therefore, different clades of H5N1 AIVs possessed variable pathogenicities and transmission abilities among chickens. Our study contributes to knowledge of pathogenic variations of prevalent H5N1 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cui
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Nannan Qu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Lan Cao
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Kun Mei
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Hailiang Sun
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Yiliang Lu
- Animal & Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of ChinaShenzhen, China.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Zhifeng Qin
- Animal & Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of ChinaShenzhen, China
| | - Peirong Jiao
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
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10
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Genesis and Dissemination of Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02199-16. [PMID: 28003485 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02199-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5Nx) have spread from Asia to other parts of the world. Since 2014, human infections with clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 viruses have been continuously reported in China. To investigate the genesis of the virus, we analyzed 123 H5 or N6 environmental viruses sampled from live-poultry markets or farms from 2012 to 2015 in Mainland China. Our results indicated that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N2/N6/N8 viruses shared the same hemagglutinin gene as originated in early 2009. From 2012 to 2015, the genesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 viruses occurred via two independent pathways. Three major reassortant H5N6 viruses (reassortants A, B, and C) were generated. Internal genes of reassortant A and B viruses and reassortant C viruses derived from clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 and H9N2 viruses, respectively. Many mammalian adaption mutations and antigenic variations were detected among the three reassortant viruses. Considering their wide circulation and dynamic reassortment in poultry, we highly recommend close monitoring of the viruses in poultry and humans. IMPORTANCE Since 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5Nx) viruses have caused many outbreaks in both wild and domestic birds globally. Severe human cases with novel H5N6 viruses in this group were also reported in China in 2014 and 2015. To investigate the genesis of the genetic diversity of these H5N6 viruses, we sequenced 123 H5 or N6 environmental viruses sampled from 2012 to 2015 in China. Sequence analysis indicated that three major reassortants of these H5N6 viruses had been generated by two independent evolutionary pathways. The H5N6 reassortant viruses had been detected in most provinces of southern China and neighboring countries. Considering the mammalian adaption mutations and antigenic variation detected, the spread of these viruses should be monitored carefully due to their pandemic potential.
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11
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Jiao P, Song H, Liu X, Song Y, Cui J, Wu S, Ye J, Qu N, Zhang T, Liao M. Pathogenicity, Transmission and Antigenic Variation of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:635. [PMID: 27199961 PMCID: PMC4858587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) was one of the most important avian diseases in poultry production of China, especially in Guangdong province. In recent years, new H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) still emerged constantly, although all poultry in China were immunized with H5N1 vaccinations compulsorily. To better understand the pathogenicity and transmission of dominant clades of the H5N1 HPAIVs in chicken from Guangdong in 2012, we chose a clade 7.2 avian influenza virus named A/Chicken/China/G2/2012(H5N1) (G2) and a clade 2.3.2.1 avian influenza virus named A/Duck/China/G3/2012(H5N1) (G3) in our study. Our results showed that the chickens inoculated with 10(3) EID50 of G2 or G3 viruses all died, and the titers of virus replication detected in several visceral organs were high but different. In the naive contact groups, virus shedding was not detected in G2 group and all chickens survived, but virus shedding was detected in G3 group and all chickens died. These results showed that the two clades of H5N1 HPAIVs had high pathogenicity in chickens and the contact transmission of them was different in chickens. The results of cross reactive HI assay showed that antigens of G2 and G3 were very different from those of current commercial vaccines isolates (Re-4, Re-6, and D7). And to evaluate the protective efficacy of three vaccines against most isolates form Guangdong belonging to clade 2.3.2.1 in 2012, G3 was chosen to challenge the three vaccines such as Re-4, Re-6, and D7. First, chickens were immunized with 0.3 ml Re-4, Re-6, and D7 inactivated vaccines by intramuscular injection, respectively, and then challenged with 10(6) EID50 of G3 on day 28 post-vaccination. The D7 vaccine had 100% protection against G3 for chickens, the Re-6 vaccine had 88.9%, and the Re-4 vaccine only had 66.7%. Our results suggested that the D7 vaccine could prevent and control H5N1 virus outbreaks more effectively in Guangdong. From the above, it was necessary to conduct continuously epidemiological survey and study the pathogenicity and antigenic variation of avian influenza in Southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Jiao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of GuangdongGuangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hui Song
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of GuangdongGuangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Liu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China; Pulike Biological Engineering Inc.Luoyang, China
| | - Yafen Song
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of GuangdongGuangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of GuangdongGuangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of GuangdongGuangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Ye
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of GuangdongGuangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Nanan Qu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of GuangdongGuangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Tiemin Zhang
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and ControlGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of GuangdongGuangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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12
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Hemagglutinin-targeting Artificial MicroRNAs Expressed by Adenovirus Protect Mice From Different Clades of H5N1 Infection. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e311. [PMID: 27093169 PMCID: PMC5014526 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) is a continuously evolving virus that widely spreads in humans and contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality. Re-emergence of human infection with avian influenza virus H5N1 poses extra challenge to IV control. Artificial microRNA (amiRNA)-mediated RNA interference has become a powerful antiviral approach due to its high specificity and rapid effect. Here, we designed several amiRNAs targeting the hemagglutinin gene of H5N1, a major determinant of pathogenicity. Expression and delivery efficiency were enhanced by presenting functional amiRNA with chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 68 (AdC68). One amiRNA, HA-1405, significantly limited H5N1 replication in vitro and inhibited 96.7% of clade 2.3.2 replication. AdC68-conjugated HA-1405 treatment remarkably decreased different clades of H5N1 plaque formation in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. Moreover, prophylactic administration with rAd(HA-1405) markedly alleviated clinical symptoms and reduced ~3- to 40-folds of lung viral RNA copies against four clades of H5N1 in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Our results further showed that rAd(HA-1405) conferred 70 and 40% immediate protection against lethal clade 2.3.2 and clade 2.3.4 H5N1 challenge, respectively. In conclusion, these data provided information that HA-targeting amiRNA delivered by AdC68 could be pursued as a potential agent for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses prevention.
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13
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Yuan R, Wang Z, Kang Y, Wu J, Zou L, Liang L, Song Y, Zhang X, Ni H, Lin J, Ke C. Continuing Reassortant of H5N6 Subtype Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Guangdong. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:520. [PMID: 27148209 PMCID: PMC4829614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
First identified in May 2014 in China's Sichuan Province, initial cases of H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in humans raised great concerns about the virus's prevalence, origin, and development. To evaluate both AIV contamination in live poultry markets (LPMs) and the risk of AIV infection in humans, we have conducted surveillance of LPMs in Guangdong Province since 2013 as part of environmental sampling programs. With environmental samples associated with these LPMs, we performed genetic and phylogenetic analyses of 10 H5N6 AIVs isolated from different cities of Guangdong Province from different years. Results revealed that the H5N6 viruses were reassortants with hemagglutinin (HA) genes derived from clade 2.3.4.4 of H5-subtype AIV, yet neuraminidase (NA) genes derived from H6N6 AIV. Unlike the other seven H5N6 viruses isolated in first 7 months of 2014, all of which shared remarkable sequence similarity with the H5N1 AIV in all internal genes, the PB2 genes of GZ693, GZ670, and ZS558 more closely related to H6N6 AIV and the PB1 gene of GZ693 to the H3-subtype AIV. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the environmental H5N6 AIV related closely to human H5N6 AIVs isolated in Guangdong. These results thus suggest that continued reassortment has enabled the emergence of a novel H5N6 virus in Guangdong, as well as highlight the potential risk of highly pathogenic H5N6 AIVs in the province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinfeng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou, China
| | - Lirong Zou
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Liang
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou, China
| | - Yingchao Song
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhong Ni
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou, China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou, China
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14
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Wei YR, Yang XY, Li YG, Wei J, Ma WG, Ren ZG, Guo HL, Wang TC, Mi XY, Adili G, Miao SK, Shaha A, Gao YW, Huang J, Xia XZ. Serological survey of avian influenza virus infection in non-avian wildlife in Xinjiang, China. Arch Virol 2016; 161:867-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Characterization of clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses in ducks and chickens. Vet Microbiol 2016; 182:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Genetic and molecular characterization of H9N2 and H5 avian influenza viruses from live poultry markets in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17508. [PMID: 26627108 PMCID: PMC4667249 DOI: 10.1038/srep17508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Live poultry markets (LPMs) are a key source of reassorted avian influenza viruses (AIVs) because of the density of terrestrial and aquatic poultry and the frequency of AIV infection. H9N2 viruses are prevalent in terrestrial poultry throughout Asia and have been isolated from poultry outbreaks worldwide. They infect both avian and mammalian species and may be significant donors of genetic material to emerging human pathogens. LPMs in Zhejiang Province were surveyed from 2013–2014 for AIVs. Three hundred seventy-four (374) AIV strains were isolated from 3,328 samples. Whole–genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed. We identified a novel H9N2 virus genotype that had undergone reassortment with gene segments from Qa/HK/G1/97–like, Ck/BJ/1/94–like, and Dk/HK/Y439/97–like viruses. Phylogenetic analyses suggested the H9N2 viruses had undergone reassortments with other AIV subtypes. The results also suggested that two different clades (2.3.2 and 2.3.4.6) of H5 viruses were co–circulating in Zhejiang Province. Given that reassorted H5 AIVs were detected in geese and ducks, it is possible that apparently healthy birds contribute to emerging H5 AIVs. Continued surveillance is required in poultry in eastern China.
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17
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Shi S, Chen S, Han W, Wu B, Zhang X, Tang Y, Wang X, Zhu Y, Peng D, Liu X. Cross-clade protective immune responses of NS1-truncated live attenuated H5N1 avian influenza vaccines. Vaccine 2015; 34:350-7. [PMID: 26638027 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has raised global concern for causing huge economic losses in poultry industry, and an effective vaccine against HPAI is highly desirable. Live attenuated influenza vaccine with trunctated NS1 protein as a potential strategy will be extremely useful for improving immune efficacy. METHODS A series of H5N1 avian influenza virus reassortants harboring amino-terminal 48, 70, 73, and 99 aa in NS1 proteins, along with a modified low pathogenic HA protein was generated, and named as S-HALo/NS48, S-HALo/NS70, S-HALo/NS73, and S-HALo/NS99, respectively. In addition, their biological and immunological characteristics were further analyzed. RESULTS The viruses S-HALo/NS70, S-HALo/NS73, and S-HALo/NS99, but not S-HALo/NS48, had a comparable growth property with the full-length NS1 virus, S-HALo/NSFu. Mice and chickens studies demonstrated that the viruses with truncated NS1 protein were further attenuated when compared to the virus S-HALo/NSFu. Vaccination with the virus S-HALo/NS73 in chickens induced significant cross-protection against homologous clade 2.3.4 H5 virus and heterologous clade 7.2, 2.3.2.1, and 2.3.4.4 H5 viruses. CONCLUSION A 70-aa amino-terminal fragment of NS1 protein may be long enough for viral replication. The recombinant virus S-HALo/NS73 is a broad-spectrum live attenuated H5N1 avian influenza vaccine candidate in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weizhou Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bai Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yinbiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for the Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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18
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Phylogenetic and biological characterization of three K1203 (H5N8)-like avian influenza A virus reassortants in China in 2014. Arch Virol 2015; 161:289-302. [PMID: 26526148 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Three H5N8 avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic geese in China in 2014 were characterized phylogenetically and biologically. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomic sequences of the three isolates from this study and those of 61 other H5N8 viruses retrieved from the GISAID platform indicated that, chronologically and geographically, all H5N8 viruses of the Asian H5N1 HA lineage of clade 2.3.4.4 are the direct descendents of the K1203 (H5N8)-like viruses first isolated in China in 2010. The three viruses from this study shared high sequence similarity in all eight gene segments with three other isolates from China in 2013, and two Korean isolates were distinct from the recently circulating reassortants causing outbreaks in Asia, Europe and the United States in 2014 and 2015. In vitro viral growth curves indicated that these H5N8 viruses replicated to high titers in CEF, DEF, MDCK and A549 cells but to significantly lower titers in Vero cells. Pathogenicity studies in vivo indicated that these viruses were all highly virulent to chickens and mallard ducks, while they varied from moderate to high virulence in mice. Additionally, hemagglutination assays using α-2,3-sialidase-treated goose red blood cells and solid-phase direct binding assays with different glycans demonstrated that the three viruses could bind to both avian-type SAα-2,3Gal and human-type SAα-2,6Gal receptors. Our findings confirmed the progenitor nature of the K1203-like viruses in generating recent prevalent clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 reassortants, which have caused tremendous damage to the poultry industry and are a potential threat to public health.
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19
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Chen J, Ma J, White SK, Cao Z, Zhen Y, He S, Zhu W, Ke C, Zhang Y, Su S, Zhang G. Live poultry market workers are susceptible to both avian and swine influenza viruses, Guangdong Province, China. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:230-5. [PMID: 26476563 PMCID: PMC7119354 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study
analyzed previous zoonotic infections among animal
workers. We examined 3 avian, 2 swine, 1
canine and 1 human influenza A viruses Swine and poultry farm workers can
easier be infected by respective species’ virus
subtypes. LPM workers were facing
significant higher infectious risk both from avian and swine
viruses. H5N1, H7N9 previously infected
cases were detected in this study.
Guangdong Province is recognized
for dense populations of humans, pigs, poultry and pets. In order to
evaluate the threat of viral infection faced by those working with
animals, a cross-sectional, sero-epidemiological study was conducted in
Guangdong between December 2013 and January 2014. Individuals working
with swine, at poultry farms, or live poultry markets (LPM), and
veterinarians, and controls not exposed to animals were enrolled in this
study and 11 (4 human, 3 swine, 3 avian, and 1 canine) influenza A
viruses were used in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays (7 strains)
and the cross-reactivity test (9 strains) in which 5 strains were used in
both tests. Univariate analysis was performed to identify which variables
were significantly associated with seropositivity. Odds ratios (OR)
revealed that swine workers had a significantly higher risk of elevated
antibodies against A/swine/Guangdong/L6/2009(H1N1), a classical swine
virus, and A/swine/Guangdong/SS1/2012(H1N1), a Eurasian avian-like swine
virus than non-exposed controls. Poultry farm workers were at a higher
risk of infection with avian influenza H7N9 and H9N2. LPM workers were at
a higher risk of infection with 3 subtypes of avian influenza, H5N1,
H7N9, and H9N2. Interestingly, the OR also indicated that LPM workers
were at risk of H1N1 swine influenza virus infection, perhaps due to the
presence of pigs in the LPM. While partial confounding by cross-reactive
antibodies against human viruses or vaccines cannot be ruled out, our
data suggests that animal exposed people as are more likely to have
antibodies against animal influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidang Chen
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeing Swine Industry/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeing Swine Industry/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Sarah K White
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Cao
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeing Swine Industry/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yun Zhen
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeing Swine Industry/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shuyi He
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeing Swine Industry/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Wanjun Zhu
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeing Swine Industry/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yongbiao Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shuo Su
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeing Swine Industry/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeing Swine Industry/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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20
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Sun L, Zhou P, He S, Luo Y, Jia K, Fu C, Sun Y, He H, Tu L, Ning Z, Yuan Z, Wang H, Li S, Yuan L. Sparse serological evidence of H5N1 avian influenza virus infections in domestic cats, northeastern China. Microb Pathog 2015; 82:27-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Lee EK, Kang HM, Kim KI, Choi JG, To TL, Nguyen TD, Song BM, Jeong J, Choi KS, Kim JY, Lee HS, Lee YJ, Kim JH. Genetic evolution of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in domestic poultry in Vietnam between 2011 and 2013. Poult Sci 2015; 94:650-61. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Bui C, Bethmont A, Chughtai AA, Gardner L, Sarkar S, Hassan S, Seale H, MacIntyre CR. A Systematic Review of the Comparative Epidemiology of Avian and Human Influenza A H5N1 and H7N9 - Lessons and Unanswered Questions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:602-620. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Bui
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. Bethmont
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. A. Chughtai
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - L. Gardner
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - S. Sarkar
- Section of Integrative Biology; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - S. Hassan
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - H. Seale
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C. R. MacIntyre
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
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23
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Phylogenetic and pathogenic analyses of three H5N1 avian influenza viruses (clade 2.3.2.1) isolated from wild birds in Northeast China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 29:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Zhou H, He SY, Sun L, He H, Ji F, Sun Y, Jia K, Ning Z, Wang H, Yuan L, Zhou P, Zhang G, Li S. Serological evidence of avian influenza virus and canine influenza virus infections among stray cats in live poultry markets, China. Vet Microbiol 2014; 175:369-73. [PMID: 25575880 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
From January 2010 to January 2012, we collected sera samples from 700 stray cats living in close proximity to poultry farms or poultry markets in 4 provinces in China. A number of cats had evidence of avian and canine influenza virus infection: avian H9N2 [24 by HI ≥1:20 and 16 by microneutralization (MN) assay ≥1:80]; avian H5N1 (9 by HI ≥1:20 and 3 by MN assay ≥1:80) and canine H3N2 (32 by HI ≥1:20 and 18 by MN ≥1:80). Bivariate analyses revealed that cats sampled near live poultry markets and cats with influenza-like-illness were at increased risk of having elevated antibody titers by HI against avian H9N2, avian H5N1, or canine H3N2 viruses. Hence, cats may play a very important role in the ecology of novel influenza viruses and periodic epidemiological surveillance for novel influenza infections among stray cats could serve as an early warning system for human threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-yi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingshuang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamei He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangxiao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Jiao P, Wei L, Song Y, Cui J, Song H, Cao L, Yuan R, Luo K, Liao M. D701N mutation in the PB2 protein contributes to the pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses but not transmissibility in guinea pigs. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:642. [PMID: 25505461 PMCID: PMC4243574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of clade 2.3.2 has been circulating in waterfowl in Southern China since 2003. Our previous studies showed that certain H5N1 HPAIV isolates within clade 2.3.2 from Southern China had high pathogenicity in different birds. Guinea pigs have been successfully used as models to evaluate the transmissibility of AIVs and other species of influenza viruses in mammalian hosts. However, few studies have reported pathogenicity and transmissibility of H5N1 HPAIVs of this clade in guinea pigs. In this study, we selected an H5N1 HPAIV isolate, A/duck/Guangdong/357/2008, to investigate the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the virus in guinea pigs. The virus had high pathogenicity in mice; additionally, it only replicated in some tissues of the guinea pigs without production of clinical signs, but was transmissible among guinea pigs. Interestingly, virus isolates from co-caged guinea pigs had the D701N mutation in the PB2 protein. These mutant viruses showed higher pathogenicity in mice and higher replication capability in guinea pigs but did not demonstrate enhanced the transmissibility among guinea pigs. These findings indicate the transmission of the H5N1 virus between mammals could induce virus mutations, and the mutant viruses might have higher pathogenicity in mammals without higher transmissibility. Therefore, the continued evaluation of the pathogenicity and transmissibility of avian influenza virus (AIVs) in mammals is critical to the understanding of the evolutionary characteristics of AIVs and the emergence of potential pandemic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Shandong, China
| | - Yafen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijian Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
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26
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Jiang WM, Wang SC, Liu HL, Yu JM, Du X, Hou GY, Li JP, Liu S, Wang KC, Zhuang QY, Liu XM, Chen JM. Evaluation of avian influenza virus isolated from ducks as a potential live vaccine candidate against novel H7N9 viruses. Vaccine 2014; 32:6433-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Wang G, Zhang T, Li X, Jiang Z, Jiang Q, Chen Q, Tu X, Chen Z, Chang J, Li L, Xu B. Serological evidence of H7, H5 and H9 avian influenza virus co-infection among herons in a city park in Jiangxi, China. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6345. [PMID: 25242001 PMCID: PMC4170210 DOI: 10.1038/srep06345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive surveillance of influenza A viruses in different avian species is critical for understanding its transmission. Here, a breeding colony of Little Egrets and Black-crowned Night Herons was monitored both serologically and virologically in a city park of Jiangxi in 2009. A portion of herons had antibodies against H7 (52%), H5 (55%) and H9 (6%) subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) in egg yolk samples, and 45% had antibodies against different AIV serotypes (H5, H7 or H9) simultaneously. Greater numbers of samples with anti-AIV H5N1 recombination-4 (Re-4, clade 7) antibodies were measured compared with those containing anti-H5N1 Re-1 (clade 0) and Re-5 (clade 2.3.4) antibodies. Eight strains of H5 and 9 strains of H9 were isolated from poultry of nearby markets. These results indicate wild birds are at risk from infection and co-infection with H7, H5, and H9 subtypes. Investigation of wild bird infection might provide an early warning sign of potential novel AIVs circulating in the nearby poultry industry and even in human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiben Jiang
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quanjiao Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaobin Tu
- Wildlife Conservation Division, Jiangxi Forest Bureau, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jianyu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Laixing Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'ning, 810008, China
| | - Bing Xu
- 1] Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China [2] College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China [3] Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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28
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Zhong L, Zhao Q, Zhao K, Wang X, Zhao G, Li Q, Gu M, Peng D, Liu X. The antigenic drift molecular basis of the H5N1 influenza viruses in a novel branch of clade 2.3.4. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:23-30. [PMID: 24745625 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
H5N1 subtype influenza A virus has evolved into many HA clades since late 1990 s. Six circulating H5N1 influenza viruses clustered to a novel branch in clade 2.3.4 and could escape vaccine protection, indicating their antigenic drift. Eleven amino acids substitutions in three antigenic sites of the hemagglutinin of these isolates were found when compared with the hemagglutinin of the primary viruses in clade 2.3.4. On the backbone of the novel isolates A/chicken/Northern China/k0602/2010, we generated a panel of recombinant viruses with HA mutations of restoring the primary vaccine strain Re-5's amino acid and homologous antisera to determine the role of these substitutions. The results of cross-HI assay, micro-neutralization assay and the antigen map of the mutated recombinant viruses showed that three substitutions in antigenic site B, especially D205K, are the major contributors to the antigenic drift of the novel branch of clade 2.3.4. Our study highlights the importance of surveillance of antigenic drift of H5N1 viruses for the control and preparedness of pandemic threats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Chickens
- China
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Immune Sera/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/mortality
- Influenza in Birds/pathology
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Random Allocation
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Guo Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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29
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Sitaras I, Kalthoff D, Beer M, Peeters B, de Jong MCM. Immune escape mutants of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 selected using polyclonal sera: identification of key amino acids in the HA protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84628. [PMID: 24586231 PMCID: PMC3934824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of Avian Influenza (AI) viruses--especially of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 subtype--is a major issue for the poultry industry. HPAI H5N1 epidemics are associated with huge economic losses and are sometimes connected to human morbidity and mortality. Vaccination (either as a preventive measure or as a means to control outbreaks) is an approach that splits the scientific community, due to the risk of it being a potential driving force in HPAI evolution through the selection of mutants able to escape vaccination-induced immunity. It is therefore essential to study how mutations are selected due to immune pressure. To this effect, we performed an in vitro selection of mutants from HPAI A/turkey/Turkey/1/05 (H5N1), using immune pressure from homologous polyclonal sera. After 42 rounds of selection, we identified 5 amino acid substitutions in the Haemagglutinin (HA) protein, most of which were located in areas of antigenic importance and suspected to be prone to selection pressure. We report that most of the mutations took place early in the selection process. Finally, our antigenic cartography studies showed that the antigenic distance between the selected isolates and their parent strain increased with passage number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sitaras
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Donata Kalthoff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ben Peeters
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Mart C. M. de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Pathogenicity and transmission of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in different birds. Vet Microbiol 2014; 168:50-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Kang HM, Choi JG, Kim KI, Kim BS, Batchuluun D, Erdene-Ochir TO, Kim MC, Kwon JH, Park CK, Lee YJ. Pathogenicity in domestic ducks and mice of highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1 influenza viruses recently circulating in Eastern Asia. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:327-33. [PMID: 24120936 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus A (H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1 has recently caused widespread outbreaks of disease in domestic poultry and wild birds in Eastern Asia. In the current study, the antigenicity and pathogenicity of three clade 2.3.2.1 viruses (Ck/Kr/Gimje/08, Ws/Mongolia/1/09, and Ws/Mongolia/7/10) were investigated in domestic ducks and mice. The H5N1 influenza viruses in this study were antigenically similar to each other (r-values of 0.35-1.4). The three viruses replicated systemically in all tissues tested in domestic ducks, indicating high pathogenicity. However, the viruses produced different clinical signs and mortality rates: Ck/Kr/Gimje/08 and Ws/Mongolia/1/09 resulted in 100% mortality with severe neurological signs, whereas Ws/Mongolia/7/10 resulted in 50% mortality with relatively mild neurological signs. In mice, infection with Ck/Kr/Gimje/08 and Ws/Mongolia/7/10 resulted in weight loss that peaked at 4 days post-infection (22.3% and 20.8%, respectively), same MLD50 (2.2 Log10 EID50) and systemic replication. The three viruses had K deletion at the -2 position of the HA1-connecting peptide (PQRERRRK-R), which is associated with increased virulence in domestic ducks and harbored NA stalk deletion, NS1 deletion and mutation of P42S in NS1, and full length (90aa) in PB1-F2, which confer increased virulence in mice. Our study shows that clade 2.3.2.1 viruses from Korea and Mongolia are antigenically similar and highly pathogenic in both domestic ducks and mice. Moreover, we provide molecular determinants of the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses associated with the pathogenicity in domestic ducks and mice, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Mi Kang
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea
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32
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Genome Sequences of an H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Vaccinated Layers in China in 2012. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/6/e00936-13. [PMID: 24265490 PMCID: PMC3837171 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00936-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
An H5N1 virus was isolated from vaccinated layers during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Ningxia, China, in 2012. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus is a novel variant in clade 7.2, and the outbreak likely resulted from mutations in the viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene.
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33
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Comparative virus replication and host innate responses in human cells infected with three prevalent clades (2.3.4, 2.3.2, and 7) of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. J Virol 2013; 88:725-9. [PMID: 24131718 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02510-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus clades 2.3.4, 2.3.2, and 7 are the dominant cocirculating H5N1 viruses in poultry in China. However, humans appear to be clinically susceptible mostly to the 2.3.4 virus clade. Here, we demonstrated that A549 cells and human macrophages infected with clade 2.3.4 viruses produced significantly more viruses than those infected with the other two clades. Likewise, clade 2.3.4-infected macrophages caused the most severe cellular damage and strongest proinflammatory response.
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Cao N, Zhu W, Chen Y, Tan L, Zhou P, Cao Z, Ke C, Li Y, Wu J, Qi W, Jiao P, Zhang G. Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus antibodies in pigs and residents of swine farms, southern China. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:647-51. [PMID: 24231290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 1997, the H5 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulating in China have become an international concern. Clade 2.3.2 of H5N1 AIVs is genetically distinct from the viruses isolated before 2007 and antigenically different from the vaccine strains widely used in China. Swine farms in rural China are thought to play an important role in AIVs ecology. OBJECTIVES A seroepidemiological study was undertaken among swine farm residents and pigs to understand the prevalence of antibodies against H5N1 AIVs in southern China. STUDY DESIGN During the period March 24, 2008 to December 25, 2012,serum samples were collected from 1606 swine farm residents on 40 swine farms in southern China. A total of 1980 pigs' serum samples were collected in the same swine farms where swine workers' serum samples were collected from March 2009 to March 2013. For a control group, 104 serum samples were collected from healthy city residents in Nanchang. All the serum samples were collected to perform hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and (neutralization) NT assays to investigate the prevalence of H5N1 AIV infections in southern China. RESULTS Sixteen human samples were positive by HI assay and 10 of these were also positive by NT assay against H5N1. No serum samples from human control and pigs were HI positive for H5N1 AIV. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate minimal transmission H5N1 AIV from birds to pigs in the swine farms studied and the risk of poultry-to-human and poultry-to-pig transmission for at least clades 2.3.2 seemed very low. This study provides the first data regarding antibodies against H5N1 AIV in humans and pigs on swine farms in China. The findings of this study can serve as a baseline for additional serologic studies to assess transmission of H5N1 viruses between avian species, pigs and swine workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Yuan Z, Zhu W, Chen Y, Zhou P, Cao Z, Xie J, Zhang C, Ke C, Qi W, Su S, Zhang G. Serological surveillance of H5 and H9 avian influenza A viral infections among pigs in Southern China. Microb Pathog 2013; 64:39-42. [PMID: 23973737 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pigs are susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses (AIV). Moreover, they are suspected of being the intermediate hosts or mixing vessels of pandemic influenza viruses. Researchers suspect that the influenza viruses are able to undergo reassortment or to adapt to various mammalian hosts while they incubate in pigs. For the present report, we conducted a serological surveillance of pigs in southern China from 2008 to 2012 to establish the prevalence of antibodies against H5N1 and H9N2 AIV. A total of one hundred pig farms from the Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Yunnan Provinces were sampled, yielding a total of 3960 serum specimens. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests revealed no evidence of H5 infection when the Clade 2.3.2 virus was used as the antigen, but a 4.6% positive rate of H9 infection was observed when using the Beijing/1/94-like virus as the antigen. The positive sera for H9 infection were further verified with neutralization tests, which confirmed a 3.7% rate of positive sera of H9 infection. In summary, the results imply that the swine populations in southern China had not been affected greatly by the H5N1 avian influenza virus. Nevertheless, these swine H9N2 influenza viruses might pose a threat to human health, and so researchers should continue to carry out swine influenza virus surveillance in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, China
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36
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He L, Zhao G, Zhong L, Liu Q, Duan Z, Gu M, Wang X, Liu X, Liu X. Isolation and characterization of two H5N1 influenza viruses from swine in Jiangsu Province of China. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2531-41. [PMID: 23836394 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pigs are susceptible to infection with both human and avian influenza A viruses and are considered intermediate hosts that facilitate virus reassortment. Although H5N1 virus has spread to a wide range of avian and mammalian species, data about swine H5N1 isolates are scarce. To determine whether Asian H5N1 influenza viruses had been transmitted to pigs, a total of 1,107 nasal swab samples from healthy swine were collected from 2008 to 2009 in Jiangsu province of eastern China. In this survey, two H5N1 viruses A/swine/Jiangsu/1/2008 (JS/08) and A/swine/Jiangsu/2/2009 (JS/09) were isolated and identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that JS/08 and JS/09 belonged to clade 7 and clade 2.3.4, respectively, and shared over 99.0 % sequence identity with poultry H5N1 isolates of the same clade in China. Receptor specificity analysis also showed that both of the swine H5N1 isolates bound preferentially to avian-type receptors. However, experiments in mammals indicated that JS/09 was moderately pathogenic to mice without prior adaption, whereas JS/08 had limited ability to replicate. Our findings suggest that pigs are naturally infected with avian H5N1 virus and highlight the potential threat to public health due to adaption or reassortment of H5N1 virus in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
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Complex reassortment of multiple subtypes of avian influenza viruses in domestic ducks at the Dongting Lake Region of China. J Virol 2013; 87:9452-62. [PMID: 23804642 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00776-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the ecology of avian influenza viruses (AIV), we conducted active influenza virus surveillance in domestic ducks on farms located on the flyway of migratory birds in the Dongting Lake region of Hunan Province, China, from winter 2011 until spring 2012. Specimens comprising 3,030 duck swab samples and 1,010 environmental samples were collected from 101 duck farms. We isolated AIV of various HA subtypes, including H3, H4, H5, H6, H9, H10, H11, and H12. We sequenced the entire coding sequences of the genomes of 28 representative isolates constituting 13 specific subtypes. When the phylogenetic relationships among these isolates were examined, we observed that extensive reassortment events had occurred. Among the 28 Dongting Lake viruses, 21 genotypes involving the six internal genes were identified. Furthermore, we identified viruses or viral genes introduced from other countries, viral gene segments of unknown origin, and a novel HA/NA combination. Our findings emphasize the importance of farmed domestic ducks in the Dongting Lake region to the genesis and evolution of AIV and highlight the need for continued surveillance of domestic ducks in this region.
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38
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Characterization of clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds (mandarin duck and Eurasian eagle owl) in 2010 in Korea. Viruses 2013; 5:1153-74. [PMID: 23611846 PMCID: PMC3705271 DOI: 10.3390/v5041153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting in late November 2010, the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was isolated from many types of wild ducks and raptors and was subsequently isolated from poultry in Korea. We assessed the genetic and pathogenic properties of the HPAI viruses isolated from a fecal sample from a mandarin duck and a dead Eurasian eagle owl, the most affected wild bird species during the 2010/2011 HPAI outbreak in Korea. These viruses have similar genetic backgrounds and exhibited the highest genetic similarity with recent Eurasian clade 2.3.2.1 HPAI viruses. In animal inoculation experiments, regardless of their originating hosts, the two Korean isolates produced highly pathogenic characteristics in chickens, ducks and mice without pre-adaptation. These results raise concerns about veterinary and public health. Surveillance of wild birds could provide a good early warning signal for possible HPAI infection in poultry as well as in humans.
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Shichinohe S, Okamatsu M, Yamamoto N, Noda Y, Nomoto Y, Honda T, Takikawa N, Sakoda Y, Kida H. Potency of an inactivated influenza vaccine prepared from a non-pathogenic H5N1 virus against a challenge with antigenically drifted highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2013; 164:39-45. [PMID: 23462521 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic variants of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) have selected and are prevailing in poultry populations in Asia. In the present study, the potency of inactivated influenza vaccine prepared from a non-pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1), was assessed by challenging with H5N1 HPAIV variants, A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/OIE-559/2011 (H5N1), A/whooper swan/Hokkaido/4/2011 (H5N1), and A/peregrine falcon/Hong Kong/810/2009 (H5N1) belonging to clades 1, 2.3.2.1, and 2.3.4, respectively. All chickens immunized with the Vac-3 vaccine survived without showing any clinical signs after intranasal challenge either with A/whooper swan/Hokkaido/4/2011 (H5N1) or A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/OIE-559/2011 (H5N1). After challenge with A/peregrine falcon/Hong Kong/810/2009 (H5N1), 10 out of 12 vaccinated chickens survived and the other 2 died on 4 or 7 post-challenge days. The Vac-3 vaccine of 2.4-fold antigen concentration conferred complete protective immunity in chickens against challenge with A/peregrine falcon/Hong Kong/810/2009 (H5N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Shichinohe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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40
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Genome sequence of a natural reassortant H5N2 avian influenza virus from domestic mallard ducks in eastern China. J Virol 2013; 86:12463-4. [PMID: 23087121 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02315-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the genomic sequence of a Chinese reassortant H5N2 avian influenza virus which possessed the polybasic motif PLREKRRK-R/GL at the hemagglutinin cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all eight genes were of the Eurasian lineage, five of which were highly homologous to the endemic clade 2.3.4 H5N1 viruses and their H5N5 reassortant descendants. These data suggested that novel multisubtypic NA reassortants bearing the H5N1 backbone could be generated through genetic reassortment in H5N1 circulating regions, which will help in understanding the evolution and segment reassortment mechanism of H5 subtype avian influenza viruses.
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41
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Samaan G, Indriani R, Carrasco LR, Lokuge K, Cook AR, Kelly PM, Adjid R. Prioritizing live bird markets at risk of avian influenza H5N1 virus contamination for intervention: a simple tool for low resource settings. Prev Vet Med 2012; 107:280-5. [PMID: 22743214 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Live bird markets (LBMs) are at risk of contamination with the avian influenza H5N1 virus. There are a number of methods for prioritizing LBMs for intervention to curb the risk of contamination. Selecting a method depends on diagnostic objective and disease prevalence. In a low resource setting, options for prioritization are constricted by the cost of and resources available for tool development and administration, as well as the resources available for intervention. In this setting, tools can be developed using previously collected data on risk factors for contamination, and translated into prediction equations, including decision trees (DTs). DTs are a graphical type of classifier that combine simple questions about the data in an intuitive way. DTs can be used to develop tools tailored to different diagnostic objectives. To demonstrate the utility of this method, risk factor data arising from a previous cross-sectional study in 83 LBMs in Indonesia were used to construct DTs. A DT with high specificity was selected for the initial stage of an LBM intervention campaign in which authorities aim to focus intervention resources on a small set of LBMs that are at near-certain risk of contamination. Another DT with high sensitivity was selected for later stages in an intervention campaign in which authorities aim to detect and prioritize all LBMs with the risk factors for virus contamination. The best specific DT achieved specificity of 77% and the best sensitive DT achieved sensitivity of 90%. The specific DT had two variables: the size of the duck population in the LBM and the human population density in the LBM's district. The sensitive DT had three variables: LBM location, whether solid waste was removed from the LBM daily and whether the LBM was zoned to separate the bird holding, slaughtering and sale areas. High specificity or sensitivity will be preferred by authorities depending on the stage of the intervention campaign. The study demonstrates that simple tools utilizing DTs can be developed to prioritize LBMs for intervention to control H5N1-virus. DT tools are simple to apply, suitable for low-resource settings and can be tailored to the particular needs and stage of the disease control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Samaan
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology & Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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42
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Protective efficacy of baculovirus-derived influenza virus-like particles bearing H5 HA alone or in combination with M1 in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:623-630. [PMID: 23265240 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 2003, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has become a serious problem in animals and an increasing threat to public health. To develop effective vaccines for H5 HPAI in chickens, virus-like particles (VLP) were produced using a baculovirus expression system. The particles comprised hemagglutinin (HA) alone (HA-VLP) or HA in combination with a matrix protein (M1; HAM-VLP) derived from a recent clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 HPAI virus. To compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these VLPs, 10 μg HAM-VLP, the equivalent amounts of HA incorporated HA-VLP or whole inactivated virus (WIV), were emulsified with mineral oil and used to immunize chickens. The serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody levels induced by HA-VLP and HAM-VLP were comparable to WIV. Antibodies to nucleoprotein were detected only in the WIV group. Immunized chickens in each group survived and were protected against a lethal homologous virus challenge, showing no clinical signs of infection. The challenge virus was detected intermittently in some oropharyngeal swabs, but not in cloacal swabs or various organs, which means that VLPs and WIV provide protection against systemic but not local virus replication in chickens. After the challenge, the HA-VLP group showed significantly increased serum antibody levels compared to the HAM-VLP and WIV groups, and some chickens in the HA-VLP group seroconverted with respect to nucleoprotein. Taken together, these results suggest that VLPs may be an effective method for controlling HPAI in chickens. They could be applied to a differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategy. In addition, it is likely that HAM-VLP is more efficacious than HA-VLP in chickens.
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43
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Are the H5N1 viruses prepared for inter-human transmission? Virol Sin 2012; 27:219-20. [PMID: 22899428 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-012-3267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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44
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Evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus populations in Vietnam between 2007 and 2010. Virology 2012; 432:405-16. [PMID: 22818871 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the genetic analysis of 213 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry in Vietnam between 2007 and 2010. Phylogenetic analyses of the viral genomes revealed 38 distinct viral genotypes, 29 were novel and 9 were reported in Vietnam or neighboring countries in recent years. Viruses from only six genotypes persisted beyond one season or year. Thus, most reassortant viruses were transient, suggesting that such genotypes lacked significant fitness advantages. Viruses with clade 2.3.2.1 HA were re-introduced into Vietnam in 2009 and their prevalence rose steeply towards the end of 2010. Clade 2.3.4-like viruses (genotype V) were predominant in northern Vietnam and caused the majority of zoonotic infections, whereas clade 1.1 (genotype Z) viruses were only detected in the Mekong delta region, in southern Vietnam. Antigenic analysis of representative viruses from the four clades indicated substantial drift.
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45
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Kim HR, Lee YJ, Park CK, Oem JK, Lee OS, Kang HM, Choi JG, Bae YC. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:480-3. [PMID: 22377052 PMCID: PMC3309593 DOI: 10.3201/eid1803.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) among wild birds emerged simultaneously with outbreaks in domestic poultry in South Korea during November 2010–May 2011. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses belonged to clade 2.3.2, as did viruses found in Mongolia, the People’s Republic of China, and Russia in 2009 and 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryoung Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnosis ivision, Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
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46
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Increased substitution rate in H5N1 avian influenza viruses during mass vaccination of poultry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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47
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Han Y, Hou G, Jiang W, Han C, Liu S, Chen J, Li J, Zhang P, Huang B, Liu Y, Chen J. A survey of avian influenza in tree sparrows in China in 2011. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33092. [PMID: 22496742 PMCID: PMC3319536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree sparrows (Passer montanus) are widely distributed in all seasons in many countries. In this study, a survey and relevant experiments on avian influenza (AI) in tree sparrows were conducted. The results suggested that the receptor for avian influenza viruses (AIVs), SAα2,3Gal, is abundant in the respiratory tract of tree sparrows, and most of the tree sparrows infected experimentally with two H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses died within five days after inoculation. Furthermore, no AIVs were isolated from the rectum eluate of 1300 tree sparrows, but 94 serological positives of AI were found in 800 tree sparrows. The serological positives were more prevalent for H5 subtype HPAI (94/800) than for H7 subtype AI (0/800), more prevalent for clade 2.3.2.1 H5 subtype HPAI (89/800) than for clade 2.3.4 (1/800) and clade 7.2 (4/800) H5 subtype HPAI, more prevalent for clade 2.3.2.1 H5 subtype HPAI in a city in southern China (82/800) than in a city in northern China (8/800). The serological data are all consistent with the distribution of the subtypes or clades of AI in poultry in China. Previously, sparrows or other passerine birds were often found to be pathogenically negative for AIVs, except when an AIV was circulating in the local poultry, or the tested passerine birds were from a region near waterfowl-rich bodies of water. Taken together, the data suggest that tree sparrows are susceptible to infection of AIVs, and surveys targeting sparrows can provide good serological data about the circulation of AIVs in relevant regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhua Han
- Institute of Animal and Husbandry Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Chen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoxu Huang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuehuan Liu
- Institute of Animal and Husbandry Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Chen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Kim HR, Lee YJ, Park CK, Oem JK, Lee OS, Kang HM, Choi JG, Bae YC. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Outbreaks in Wild Birds and Poultry, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.3201/1803.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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49
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Tang Q, Wang J, Bao J, Sun H, Sun Y, Liu J, Pu J. A multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection and differentiation of avian H3, H5, and H9 subtype influenza viruses and Newcastle disease viruses. J Virol Methods 2012; 181:164-9. [PMID: 22387341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) co-circulate in the poultry population in China. These viruses cause repeated disease outbreaks that exhibit similar clinical symptoms and epidemiological patterns. H5 and H9 influenza viruses are the major pathogens infecting poultry stocks. Recently, H3 AIV (one of the main subtypes in waterfowl) has become endemic in chickens. A multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay was designed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of avian H3, H5, H9 subtype AIVs and NDVs. Four primer sets were evaluated, three of which specifically targeted the hemagglutinin genes of H3, H5 and H9 AIVs, while the other targeted the NDV fusion gene. The sensitivity and specificity of the mRT-PCR assay was determined. The assay detected the major clades or genotypes of all of the reference AIVs and NDVs currently circulating in China. In addition, the mRT-PCR results obtained from screening 380 clinical swabs and 12 experimental tracheal samples were consistent with those obtained using conventional virus isolation methods. The mRT-PCR assay was established successfully for the detection and differentiation of avian H3, H5, and H9 subtype AIVs and NDVs. The method should, therefore, provide a valuable diagnostic tool for these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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50
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Genetic characterization of subtype H1 avian influenza viruses isolated from live poultry markets in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2011. Virus Genes 2012; 44:441-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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