1
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Guo Z, Zhu M, Li X, Xu H, Lv Y. Primary goose kidney tubular epithelial cells for goose astrovirus genotype 2 infection: establishment and RNA sequencing analysis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103774. [PMID: 38669820 PMCID: PMC11063644 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Goose astrovirus genotype 2 (GAstV-2) mainly causes gout in goslings; therefore, it is a major pathogen threatening to goose flocks. However, the mechanisms underlying host-GAstV-2 interactions remain unclear because host cells suitable for GAstV-2 replication have been unavailable. We previously noted that GAstV-2 is primarily located in goose renal epithelial cells, where it causes kidney damage. Therefore, here, we derived goose primary renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells (GRTE cells) from the kidneys of goose embryos after collagenase I digestion. After culture in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/Nutrient mixture F-12 with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), the isolated cells had polygonal with roadstone-like morphology; they were identified to be epithelial cells based on the presence of cytokeratin 18 expression detected through immunofluorescence assay (IFA). GAstV-2 infection in GRTE cells led to no obvious cytopathic effects; the maximum amounts of infectious virions were observed 48 h post infection through IFA and quantitative PCR. Next, RNA-seq was performed to identify and map post-GAstV-2 infection differentially expressed genes. The downregulated pathways were mainly related to metabolism, including tryptophan metabolism, drug metabolism by cytochrome P450, xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450, retinol metabolism, butanoate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and drug metabolism by other enzymes and peroxisome. In contrast, the upregulated pathways were mostly related to the host cell defense and proliferation, including extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, phagosome, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection, lysosome, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. In conclusion, we developed a GRTE cell line for GAstV-2 replication and analyzed the potential host-GAstV-2 interactions through RNA-seq; our results may aid in further investigating the pathogenic mechanisms underlying GAstV-2 infection and provide strategies for its prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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2
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Alfi O, Yakirevitch A, Wald O, Wandel O, Izhar U, Oiknine-Djian E, Nevo Y, Elgavish S, Dagan E, Madgar O, Feinmesser G, Pikarsky E, Bronstein M, Vorontsov O, Jonas W, Ives J, Walter J, Zakay-Rones Z, Oberbaum M, Panet A, Wolf DG. Human Nasal and Lung Tissues Infected Ex Vivo with SARS-CoV-2 Provide Insights into Differential Tissue-Specific and Virus-Specific Innate Immune Responses in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract. J Virol 2021; 95:e0013021. [PMID: 33893170 PMCID: PMC8223920 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00130-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal mucosa constitutes the primary entry site for respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While the imbalanced innate immune response of end-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been extensively studied, the earliest stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the mucosal entry site have remained unexplored. Here, we employed SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection in native multi-cell-type human nasal turbinate and lung tissues ex vivo, coupled with genome-wide transcriptional analysis, to investigate viral susceptibility and early patterns of local mucosal innate immune response in the authentic milieu of the human respiratory tract. SARS-CoV-2 productively infected the nasal turbinate tissues, predominantly targeting respiratory epithelial cells, with a rapid increase in tissue-associated viral subgenomic mRNA and secretion of infectious viral progeny. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection triggered robust antiviral and inflammatory innate immune responses in the nasal mucosa. The upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes, cytokines, and chemokines, related to interferon signaling and immune-cell activation pathways, was broader than that triggered by influenza virus infection. Conversely, lung tissues exhibited a restricted innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with a conspicuous lack of type I and III interferon upregulation, contrasting with their vigorous innate immune response to influenza virus. Our findings reveal differential tissue-specific innate immune responses in the upper and lower respiratory tracts that are specific to SARS-CoV-2. The studies shed light on the role of the nasal mucosa in active viral transmission and immune defense, implying a window of opportunity for early interventions, whereas the restricted innate immune response in early-SARS-CoV-2-infected lung tissues could underlie the unique uncontrolled late-phase lung damage of advanced COVID-19. IMPORTANCE In order to reduce the late-phase morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, there is a need to better understand and target the earliest stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human respiratory tract. Here, we have studied the initial steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the consequent innate immune responses within the natural multicellular complexity of human nasal mucosal and lung tissues. Comparing the global innate response patterns of nasal and lung tissues infected in parallel with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, we found distinct virus-host interactions in the upper and lower respiratory tract, which could determine the outcome and unique pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies in the nasal mucosal infection model can be employed to assess the impact of viral evolutionary changes and evaluate new therapeutic and preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 and other human respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Alfi
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arkadi Yakirevitch
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Wald
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ori Wandel
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uzi Izhar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Oiknine-Djian
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Dagan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ory Madgar
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilad Feinmesser
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Bronstein
- Center for Genomic Technologies, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olesya Vorontsov
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wayne Jonas
- Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - John Ives
- Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Joan Walter
- Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Zichria Zakay-Rones
- Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Oberbaum
- The Center for Integrative Complementary Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amos Panet
- Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana G. Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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3
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Kamel M, Pavulraj S, Fauler B, Mielke T, Azab W. Equid Herpesvirus-1 Exploits the Extracellular Matrix of Mononuclear Cells to Ensure Transport to Target Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101615. [PMID: 33015592 PMCID: PMC7521387 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear cells are the first line of defense against microbial infection. Yet, several viruses have evolved different mechanisms to overcome host defenses to ensure their spread. Here, we show unique mechanisms of how equid herpesvirus-1 manipulates peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to travel further in the body. (1) "PBMC-hitching": at the initial contact, herpesviruses lurk in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of PBMC without entering the cells. The virus exploits the components of the ECM to bind, transport, and then egress to infect other cells. (2) "Intracellular delivery": transendothelial migration is a physiological mechanism where mononuclear cells can transmigrate through the endothelial cells. The virus was intangible and probably did not interfere with such a mechanism where the infected PBMC can probably deliver the virus inside the endothelium. (3) "Classical-fusion": this process is well mastered by herpesviruses due to a set of envelope glycoproteins that facilitate cell-cell fusion and virus spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Selvaraj Pavulraj
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrix Fauler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Mikroskopie und Kryo-Elektronenmikroskopie Servicegruppe, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mielke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Mikroskopie und Kryo-Elektronenmikroskopie Servicegruppe, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Walid Azab
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Lathwal A, Kumar R, Raghava GP. Computer-aided designing of oncolytic viruses for overcoming translational challenges of cancer immunotherapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1198-1205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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5
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Chaurasiya S, Fong Y, Warner SG. Optimizing Oncolytic Viral Design to Enhance Antitumor Efficacy: Progress and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061699. [PMID: 32604787 PMCID: PMC7352900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of oncolytic virotherapy has seen remarkable advancements in last two decades, leading to approval of the first oncolytic immuno-virotherapy, Talimogene Laherparepvec, for the treatment of melanoma. A plethora of preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated excellent safety profiles of other oncolytic viruses. While oncolytic viruses show clinical promise in already immunogenic malignancies, response rates are inconsistent. Response rates are even less consistent in immunosuppressed tumor microenvironments like those found in liver, pancreas, and MSI-stable colon cancers. Therefore, the efficacy of oncolytic viruses needs to be improved for more oncolytic viruses to enter mainstream cancer therapy. One approach to increase the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses is to use them as primers for other immunotherapeutics. The amenability of oncolytic viruses to transgene-arming provides an immense opportunity for investigators to explore different ways of improving the outcome of oncolytic therapy. In this regard, genes encoding immunomodulatory proteins are the most commonly studied genes for arming oncolytic viruses. Other transgenes used to arm oncolytic viruses include those with the potential to favorably modulate tumor stroma, making it possible to image the virus distribution and increase its suitability for combination with other therapeutics. This review will detail the progress made in arming oncolytic viruses with a focus on immune-modulatory transgenes, and will discuss the challenges that need to be addressed for more armed oncolytic viruses to find widespread clinical use.
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6
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Sette P, Amankulor N, Li A, Marzulli M, Leronni D, Zhang M, Goins WF, Kaur B, Bolyard C, Cripe TP, Yu J, Chiocca EA, Glorioso JC, Grandi P. GBM-Targeted oHSV Armed with Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Enhances Anti-tumor Activity and Animal Survival. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 15:214-222. [PMID: 31890868 PMCID: PMC6926261 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mutant strains of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in early-phase human clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has proven safe, but limited efficacy suggests that more potent vector designs are required for effective GBM therapy. Inadequate vector performance may derive from poor intratumoral vector replication and limited spread to uninfected cells. Vector replication may be impaired by mutagenesis strategies to achieve vector safety, and intratumoral virus spread may be hampered by vector entrapment in the tumor-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) that in GBM is composed primarily of type IV collagen. In this report, we armed our previously described epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)vIII-targeted, neuronal microRNA-sensitive oHSV with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) to improve intratumoral vector distribution. We show that vector-expressed MMP9 enhanced therapeutic efficacy and long-term animal survival in a GBM xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sette
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aofei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Marzulli
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Leronni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William F. Goins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Hospital and Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Harvard Medicine School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph C. Glorioso
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paola Grandi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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Song H, Zhong LP, He J, Huang Y, Zhao YX. Application of Newcastle disease virus in the treatment of colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2143-2154. [PMID: 31531310 PMCID: PMC6718777 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i16.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main reasons of tumor-related deaths worldwide. At present, the main treatment is surgery, but the results are unsatisfactory, and the prognosis is poor. The majority of patients die due to liver or lung metastasis or recurrence. In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of tumor gene therapy, providing a new treatment for combating CRC. As oncolytic viruses selectively replicate almost exclusively in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and do not require integration into the host genome, they are safer, more effective and more attractive as oncolytic agents. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a natural RNA oncolytic virus. After NDV selectively infects tumor cells, the immune response induced by NDV’s envelope protein and intracellular factors can effectively kill the tumor without affecting normal cells. Reverse genetic techniques make NDV a vector for gene therapy. Arming the virus by inserting various exogenous genes or using NDV in combination with immunotherapy can also improve the anti-CRC capacity of NDV, and good results have been achieved in animal models and clinical treatment trials. This article reviews the molecular biological characteristics and oncolytic mechanism of NDV and discusses in vitro and in vivo experiments on NDV anti-CRC capacity and clinical treatment. In conclusion, NDV is an excellent candidate for cancer treatment, but more preclinical studies and clinical trials are needed to ensure its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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8
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Martinez-Quintanilla J, Seah I, Chua M, Shah K. Oncolytic viruses: overcoming translational challenges. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1407-1418. [PMID: 30829653 DOI: 10.1172/jci122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising approach in which WT or engineered viruses selectively replicate and destroy tumor cells while sparing normal ones. In the last two decades, different oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been modified and tested in a number of preclinical studies, some of which have led to clinical trials in cancer patients. These clinical trials have revealed several critical limitations with regard to viral delivery, spread, resistance, and antiviral immunity. Here, we focus on promising research strategies that have been developed to overcome the aforementioned obstacles. Such strategies include engineering OVs to target a broad spectrum of tumor cells while evading the immune system, developing unique delivery mechanisms, combining other immunotherapeutic agents with OVT, and using clinically translatable mouse tumor models to potentially translate OVT more readily into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Seah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and
| | - Melissa Chua
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Kim Y, Lee J, Lee D, Othmer HG. Synergistic Effects of Bortezomib-OV Therapy and Anti-Invasive Strategies in Glioblastoma: A Mathematical Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E215. [PMID: 30781871 PMCID: PMC6406513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the regulation of tumor growth and the efficacy of anti-tumor therapies. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of combination therapies, using oncolytic viruses (OVs) in conjunction with proteosome inhibitors for the treatment of glioblastoma, but the role of the TME in such therapies has not been studied. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for combination therapies based on the proteosome inhibitor bortezomib and the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), with the goal of understanding their roles in bortezomib-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and how the balance between apoptosis and necroptosis is affected by the treatment protocol. We show that the TME plays a significant role in anti-tumor efficacy in OV combination therapy, and illustrate the effect of different spatial patterns of OV injection. The results illustrate a possible phenotypic switch within tumor populations in a given microenvironment, and suggest new anti-invasion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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10
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Kloker LD, Yurttas C, Lauer UM. Three-dimensional tumor cell cultures employed in virotherapy research. Oncolytic Virother 2018; 7:79-93. [PMID: 30234074 PMCID: PMC6130269 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s165479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy constitutes an upcoming alternative treatment option for a broad spectrum of cancer entities. However, despite great research efforts, there is still only a single US Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency-approved oncolytic virus available for clinical use. One reason for that is the gap between promising preclinical data and limited clinical success. Since oncolytic viruses are biological agents, they might require more realistic in vitro tumor models than common monolayer tumor cell cultures to provide meaningful predictive preclinical evaluation results. For more realistic invitro tumor models, three-dimensional tumor cell-culture systems can be employed in preclinical virotherapy research. This review provides an overview of spheroid and hydrogel tumor cell cultures, organotypic tumor-tissue slices, organotypic raft cultures, and tumor organoids utilized in the context of oncolytic virotherapy. Furthermore, we also discuss advantages, disadvantages, techniques, and difficulties of these three-dimensional tumor cell-culture systems when applied specifically in virotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus D Kloker
- Department of Clinical Tumor Biology, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,
| | - Can Yurttas
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Lauer
- Department of Clinical Tumor Biology, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Tübingen, Germany,
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11
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Hu Z, Gu H, Hu J, Hu S, Wang X, Liu X, Jiao X, Liu X. Quantitative proteomics identify an association between extracellular matrix degradation and immunopathology of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus in the spleen in chickens. J Proteomics 2018; 181:201-212. [PMID: 29684681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is characterized with remarkable immunopathology in the spleen in chickens. However, the mechanism for this unique pathological phenotype is not fully understood. Previous transcriptomics data showed that genotype VII NDV JS5/05 caused a greater downregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes than genotype IV virus Herts/33 in the spleen. In this study, the role of ECM in pathology of genotype VII NDV was investigated using quantitative proteomics. Pathology studies showed that JS5/05 caused severe immunopathology characterized with remarkable necrosis in the spleen, whereas Herts/33 only induced mild pathological changes. The ECM was firstly enriched from the spleens and ECM proteins of different categories were identified by LC-MS/MS. Quantitative proteomic analysis showed that JS5/05 caused a significant disruption of ECM integrity and molecular composition compared to Herts/33. Particularly, JS5/05 induced a more remarkable collagen breakdown in the spleen compared to Herts/33. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and -14 were significantly upregulated by JS5/05 infection. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that differential regulation of ECM proteins by JS5/05 and Herts/33 may impact pathology through different pathways. Therefore, our results suggested that MMP upregulation and consequent ECM degradation contribute to immunopathology of genotype VII NDV in the spleen. SIGNIFICANCE Pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV is characterized with severe immunopathology in the spleen in chickens. Elucidating the mechanism of this pathology phenotype is critical to understand pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV. Here, we present the proteomic data of an important non-cellular compartment, the extracellular matrix (ECM), in the spleen from chickens infected with genotype VII and IV NDVs. Our results suggest that significant upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases by genotype VII NDV and consequent disruption of ECM integrity and composition may be associated with immunopathology in the spleen. Moreover, ECM degradation, represented by collagen breakdown, is an important pathology event in the process of genotype VII NDV infection. Our study for the first time presents evidence of ECM regulation by NDV and adds ECM remodeling as a new manifestation for NDV pathology. Our findings also deepen the understanding of NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Han Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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12
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Oncolytic effect of wild-type Newcastle disease virus isolates in cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo on xenograft model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195425. [PMID: 29621357 PMCID: PMC5886573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolyic virotherapy is one of the modern experimental techniques to treat human cancers. Here we studied the antitumor activity of wild-type Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from Russian migratory birds. We showed that NDV could selectively kill malignant cells without affecting healthy cells. We evaluated the oncolytic effect of 44 NDV isolates in 4 histogenetically different human cell lines (HCT116, HeLa, A549, MCF7). The safety of the isolates was also tested in normal peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells. The viability of tumor cell lines after incubation with NDV isolates was evaluated by MTT. All cell lines, except for normal PBMC primary cells, had different degrees of susceptibility to NDV infection. Seven NDV strains had the highest oncolytic activity, and some NDV strains demonstrated oncolytic selectivity for different cell lines. In vivo, we described the intratumoral activity of NDV/Altai/pigeon/770/2011 against subcutaneous non-small cell lung carcinoma using xenograft SCID mice model. All animals were responsive to therapy. Histology confirmed therapy-induced destructive changes and growing necrotic bulk density in tumor tissue. Our findings indicate that wild-type NDV strains selectively kill tumor cells with no effect on healthy PBMC cells, and intratumoral virotherapy with NDV suppresses the subcutaneous tumor growth in SCID mice.
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13
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Stavolone L, Lionetti V. Extracellular Matrix in Plants and Animals: Hooks and Locks for Viruses. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1760. [PMID: 28955324 PMCID: PMC5600933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal and plants cells plays important roles in viral diseases. While in animal cells extracellular matrix components can be exploited by viruses for recognition, attachment and entry, the plant cell wall acts as a physical barrier to viral entry and adds a higher level of difficulty to intercellular movement of viruses. Interestingly, both in plant and animal systems, ECM can be strongly remodeled during virus infection, and the understanding of remodeling mechanisms and molecular players offers new perspectives for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the different roles played by the ECM in plant and animal hosts during virus infection with special emphasis on the similarities and differences. Possible biotechnological applications aimed at improving viral resistance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Stavolone
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheBari, Italy.,International Institute of Tropical AgricultureIbadan, Nigeria
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", "Sapienza" Università di RomaRome, Italy
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14
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Howells A, Marelli G, Lemoine NR, Wang Y. Oncolytic Viruses-Interaction of Virus and Tumor Cells in the Battle to Eliminate Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:195. [PMID: 28944214 PMCID: PMC5596080 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging treatment option for many cancer types and have recently been the focus of extensive research aiming to develop their therapeutic potential. The ultimate aim is to design a virus which can effectively replicate within the host, specifically target and lyse tumor cells and induce robust, long lasting tumor-specific immunity. There are a number of viruses which are either naturally tumor-selective or can be modified to specifically target and eliminate tumor cells. This means they are able to infect only tumor cells and healthy tissue remains unharmed. This specificity is imperative in order to reduce the side effects of oncolytic virotherapy. These viruses can also be modified by various methods including insertion and deletion of specific genes with the aim of improving their efficacy and safety profiles. In this review, we have provided an overview of the various virus species currently being investigated for their oncolytic potential and the positive and negative effects of a multitude of modifications used to increase their infectivity, anti-tumor immunity, and treatment safety, in particular focusing on the interaction of tumor cells and OVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Howells
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Marelli
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Lemoine
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Fernandes J. Oncogenes: The Passport for Viral Oncolysis Through PKR Inhibition. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:101-10. [PMID: 27486347 PMCID: PMC4966488 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s33378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transforming properties of oncogenes are derived from gain-of-function mutations, shifting cell signaling from highly regulated homeostatic to an uncontrolled oncogenic state, with the contribution of the inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor genes P53 and RB, leading to tumor resistance to conventional and target-directed therapy. On the other hand, this scenario fulfills two requirements for oncolytic virus infection in tumor cells: inactivation of tumor suppressors and presence of oncoproteins, also the requirements to engage malignancy. Several of these oncogenes have a negative impact on the main interferon antiviral defense, the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), which helps viruses to spontaneously target tumor cells instead of normal cells. This review is focused on the negative impact of overexpression of oncogenes on conventional and targeted therapy and their positive impact on viral oncolysis due to their ability to inhibit PKR-induced translation blockage, allowing virion release and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Fernandes
- NUMPEX-BIO, Campus Xerém, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Institute for Translational Research on Health and Environment in the Amazon Region-INPeTAm, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a cancer treatment in which replication-competent viruses are used that specifically infect, replicate in and lyse malignant tumour cells, while minimizing harm to normal cells. Anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness of this strategy has existed since the late nineteenth century, but advances and innovations in biotechnological methods in the 1980s and 1990s led to a renewed interest in this type of therapy. Multiple clinical trials investigating the use of agents constructed from a wide range of viruses have since been performed, and several of these enrolled patients with urological malignancies. Data from these clinical trials and from preclinical studies revealed a number of challenges to the effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy that have prompted the development of further sophisticated strategies. Urological cancers have a range of distinctive features, such as specific genetic mutations and cell surface markers, which enable improving both effectiveness and safety of oncolytic virus treatments. The strategies employed in creating advanced oncolytic agents include alteration of the virus tropism, regulating transcription and translation of viral genes, combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or gene therapy, arming viruses with factors that stimulate the immune response against tumour cells and delivery technologies to ensure that the viral agent reaches its target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Delwar
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - William Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
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17
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Cantoni C, Grauwet K, Pietra G, Parodi M, Mingari MC, Maria AD, Favoreel H, Vitale M. Role of NK cells in immunotherapy and virotherapy of solid tumors. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:861-82. [PMID: 26314197 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although natural killer (NK) cells are endowed with powerful cytolytic activity against cancer cells, their role in different therapies against solid tumors has not yet been fully elucidated. Their interactions with various elements of the tumor microenvironment as well as their possible effects in contributing to and/or limiting oncolytic virotherapy render this potential immunotherapeutic tool still difficult to exploit at the bedside. Here, we will review the current literature with the aim of providing new hints to manage this powerful cell type in future innovative therapies, such as the use of NK cells in combination with new cytokines, specific mAbs (inducing ADCC), Tyr-Kinase inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs and/or the design of oncolytic viruses aimed at optimizing the effect of NK cells in virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Korneel Grauwet
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Parodi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Genova, Genova, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Herman Favoreel
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
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Tayeb S, Zakay-Rones Z, Panet A. Therapeutic potential of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus: a critical review. Oncolytic Virother 2015; 4:49-62. [PMID: 27512670 PMCID: PMC4918379 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s78600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) features a natural preference for replication in many tumor cells compared with normal cells. The observed antitumor effect of NDV appears to be a result of both selective killing of tumor cells and induction of immune responses. Genetic manipulations to change viral tropism and arming the virus with genes encoding for cytokines improved the oncolytic capacity of NDV. Several intracellular proteins in tumor cells, including antiapoptotic proteins (Livin) and oncogenic proteins (H-Ras), are relevant for the oncolytic activity of NDV. Defects in the interferon system, found in some tumor cells, also contribute to the oncolytic selectivity of NDV. Notwithstanding, NDV displays effective oncolytic activity in many tumor types, despite having intact interferon signaling. Taken together, several cellular systems appear to dictate the selective oncolytic activity of NDV. Some barriers, such as neutralizing antibodies elicited during NDV treatment and the extracellular matrix in tumor tissue appear to interfere with spread of NDV and reduce oncolysis. To further understand the oncolytic activity of NDV, we compared two NDV strains, ie, an attenuated virus (NDV-HUJ) and a pathogenic virus (NDV-MTH-68/H). Significant differences in amino acid sequence were noted in several viral proteins, including the fusion precursor (F0) glycoprotein, an important determinant of replication and pathogenicity. However, no difference in the oncolytic activity of the two strains was noted using human tumor tissues maintained as organ cultures or in mouse tumor models. To optimize virotherapy in clinical trials, we describe here a unique organ culture methodology, using a biopsy taken from a patient’s tumor before treatment for ex vivo infection with NDV to determine the oncolytic potential on an individual basis. In conclusion, oncolytic NDV is an excellent candidate for cancer therapy, but more knowledge is needed to ensure success in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Tayeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chanock Center for Virology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zichria Zakay-Rones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chanock Center for Virology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amos Panet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chanock Center for Virology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Jiang K, Li Y, Zhu Q, Xu J, Wang Y, Deng W, Liu Q, Zhang G, Meng S. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy enhances Newcastle disease virus-mediated oncolysis in drug-resistant lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:551. [PMID: 25078870 PMCID: PMC4141091 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic viruses represent a promising therapy against cancers with acquired drug resistance. However, low efficacy limits its clinical application. The objective of this study is to investigate whether pharmacologically modulating autophagy could enhance oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain NDV/FMW virotherapy of drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Methods The effect of NDV/FMW infection on autophagy machinery in A549 lung cancer cell lines resistant to cisplatin (A549/DDP) or paclitaxel (A549/PTX) was investigated by detection of GFP-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) puncta, formation of double-membrane vesicles and conversion of the nonlipidated form of LC3 (LC3-I) to the phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form (LC3-II). The effects of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) and autophagy inducer rapamycin on NDV/FMW-mediated antitumor activity were evaluated both in culture cells and in mice bearing drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Results We show that NDV/FMW triggers autophagy in A549/PTX cells via dampening the class I PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, which inhibits autophagy. On the contrary, NDV/FMW infection attenuates the autophagic process in A549/DDP cells through the activation of the negative regulatory pathway. Furthermore, combination with CQ or knockdown of ATG5 significantly enhances NDV/FMW-mediated antitumor effects on A549/DDP cells, while the oncolytic efficacy of NDV/FMW in A549/PTX cells is significantly improved by rapamycin. Interestingly, autophagy modulation does not increase virus progeny in these drug resistant cells. Importantly, CQ or rapamycin significantly potentiates NDV/FMW oncolytic activity in mice bearing A549/DDP or A549/PTX cells respectively. Conclusions These results demonstrate that combination treatment with autophagy modulators is an effective strategy to augment the therapeutic activity of NDV/FMW against drug-resistant lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guirong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian 116044, China.
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Zhu JJ, Arzt J, Puckette MC, Smoliga GR, Pacheco JM, Rodriguez LL. Mechanisms of foot-and-mouth disease virus tropism inferred from differential tissue gene expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64119. [PMID: 23724025 PMCID: PMC3665847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) targets specific tissues for primary infection, secondary high-titer replication (e.g. foot and mouth where it causes typical vesicular lesions) and long-term persistence at some primary replication sites. Although integrin αVβ6 receptor has been identified as primary FMDV receptors in animals, their tissue distribution alone fails to explain these highly selective tropism-driven events. Thus, other molecular mechanisms must play roles in determining this tissue specificity. We hypothesized that differences in certain biological activities due to differential gene expression determine FMDV tropism and applied whole genome gene expression profiling to identify genes differentially expressed between FMDV-targeted and non-targeted tissues in terms of supporting primary infection, secondary replication including vesicular lesions, and persistence. Using statistical and bioinformatic tools to analyze the differential gene expression, we identified mechanisms that could explain FMDV tissue tropism based on its association with differential expression of integrin αVβ6 heterodimeric receptor (FMDV receptor), fibronectin (ligand of the receptor), IL-1 cytokines, death receptors and the ligands, and multiple genes in the biological pathways involved in extracellular matrix turnover and interferon signaling found in this study. Our results together with reported findings indicate that differences in (1) FMDV receptor availability and accessibility, (2) type I interferon-inducible immune response, and (3) ability to clear virus infected cells via death receptor signaling play roles in determining FMDV tissue tropism and the additional increase of high extracellular matrix turnover induced by FMDV infection, likely via triggering the signaling of highly expressed IL-1 cytokines, play a key role in the pathogenesis of vesicular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Zhu
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Puckette
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - George R. Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Pacheco
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
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21
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Alemany R. Viruses in cancer treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 15:182-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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