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Mubarak A, Tipu MY, Aslam A, Yaqub T, Ali M. Molecular characterization and pathology of field isolates of foot-and-mouth virus in Swiss albino mice. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e263385. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Foot-and-mouth disease is responsible for severe economic losses to the livestock industry of Pakistan. This study aimed to use Swiss albino mice as a cost-effective experimental animal model to study different immunological and histopathological aspects of FMDV instead of natural targeted species like cattle. After isolation of field isolates FMDV on BHK-21 cell line, biological titer of the virus and mice infectious dose50 was calculated. Virus was injected in 45 Swiss albino mice (group A) through intraperitoneal route. The gross, histopathological and immunopathological lesions in heart, trachea and lungs were recorded at different day’s intervals. Histopathologically, the heart showed congestion, hemorrhages and necrosis of cardiac muscles. Trachea showed deciliated epithelium and lungs showed hemorrhages, bronchial edema and alveolar emphysema. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of virus in cardiac muscles, tracheal and bronchial epithelium and alveolar lumen. The findings evoked a thought that laboratory animals could be an alternative to large animals to meet budget limitations for further research on foot-and-mouth-disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mubarak
- Foot and Mouth Disease Research Center, Pakistan; University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Pakistan
| | - M. Y. Tipu
- University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Pakistan
| | - A. Aslam
- University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Pakistan
| | - T. Yaqub
- University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Pakistan
| | - M. Ali
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan
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Hwang SY, Shin SH, Park SH, Lee MJ, Kim SM, Lee JS, Park JH. Serological Conversion through a Second Exposure to Inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Expressing the JC Epitope on the Viral Surface. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1487. [PMID: 37766163 PMCID: PMC10537882 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a fatal contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic damage at the national level. There are seven serotypes of the causative foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and type O is responsible for serious outbreaks and shows a high incidence. Recently, the Cathay, Southeast Asia (SEA), and ME-SA (Middle East-South Asia) topotypes of type O have been found to frequently occur in Asia. Thus, it is necessary to develop candidate vaccines that afford protection against these three different topotypes. In this study, an experimental FMD vaccine was produced using a recombinant virus (TWN-JC) with the JC epitope (VP1 140-160 sequence of the O/SKR/Jincheon/2014) between amino acid 152 and 153 of VP1 in TWN-R. Immunization with this novel vaccine candidate was found to effectively protect mice against challenge with the three different topotype viruses. Neutralizing antibody titers were considerably higher after a second vaccination. The serological differences between the topotype strains were identified in guinea pigs and swine. In conclusion, a significant serological difference was observed at 56 days post-vaccination between animals that received the TWN-JC vaccine candidate and those that received the positive control virus (TWN-R). The TWN-JC vaccine candidate induced IFNγ and IL-12B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yun Hwang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Sung-Han Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
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Zhou G, Tian J, Tian Y, Ma Q, Li Q, Wang S, Shi H. Recombinant-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vector expressing the PlpE protein of Pasteurella multocida protects mice from lethal challenge. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:128. [PMID: 37598169 PMCID: PMC10439597 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial surface proteins play key roles in pathogenicity and often contribute to microbial adhesion and invasion. Pasteurella lipoprotein E (PlpE), a Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) surface protein, has recently been identified as a potential vaccine candidate. Live attenuated Salmonella strains have a number of potential advantages as vaccine vectors, including immunization with live vector can mimic natural infections by organisms, lead to the induction of mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses. In this study, a previously constructed recombinant attenuated Salmonella Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) vector rSC0016 was used to synthesize and secrete the surface protein PlpE of P. multocida to form the vaccine candidate rSC0016(pS-PlpE). Subsequently, the immunogenicity of S. Choleraesuis rSC0016(pS-PlpE) as an oral vaccine to induce protective immunity against P. multocida in mice was evaluated. RESULTS After immunization, the recombinant attenuated S. Choleraesuis vector can efficiently delivered P. multocida PlpE protein in vivo and induced a specific immune response against this heterologous antigen in mice. In addition, compared with the inactivated vaccine, empty vector (rSC0016(pYA3493)) and PBS immunized groups, the rSC0016(pS-PlpE) vaccine candidate group induced higher antigen-specific mucosal, humoral and mixed Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses. After intraperitoneal challenge, the rSC0016(pS-PlpE) immunized group had a markedly enhanced survival rate (80%), a better protection efficiency than 60% of the inactivated vaccine group, and significantly reduced tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study found that the rSC0016(pS-PlpE) vaccine candidate provided good protection against challenge with wild-type P. multocida serotype A in a mouse infection model, and may potentially be considered for use as a universal vaccine against multiple serotypes of P. multocida in livestock, including pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiashuo Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yichen Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qifeng Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0880, USA
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, China.
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Li Y, Li P, Zhang W, Zheng X, Gu Q. New Wine in Old Bottle: Caenorhabditis Elegans in Food Science. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2172429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglu Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing; Fuli Institute of Food Science; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing; Fuli Institute of Food Science; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang C, Yang F, Wojdyla JA, Qin B, Zhang W, Zheng M, Cao W, Wang M, Gao X, Zheng H, Cui S. An anti-picornaviral strategy based on the crystal structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus 2C protein. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111030. [PMID: 35793627 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2C protein shares conserved motifs with enterovirus 2Cs despite low sequence identity. Here, we determine the crystal structure of an FMDV 2C fragment to 1.83 Å resolution, which comprises an ATPase domain, a region equivalent to the enterovirus 2C zinc-finger (ZFER), and a C-terminal domain harboring a loop (PBL) that occupies a hydrophobic cleft (Pocket) in an adjacent 2C molecule. Mutations at ZFER, PBL, and Pocket affect FMDV 2C ATPase activity and are lethal to FMDV infectious clones. Because the PBL-Pocket interaction between FMDV 2C molecules is essential for its functions, we design an anti-FMDV peptide derived from PBL (PBL-peptide). PBL-peptide inhibits FMDV 2C ATPase activity, binds FMDV 2C with nanomolar affinity, and disrupts FMDV 2C oligomerization. FMDV 2C targets lipid droplets (LDs) and induces LD clustering in cells, and PBL-peptide disrupts FMDV 2C-induced LD clustering. Finally, we demonstrate that PBL-peptide exhibits anti-FMDV activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | | | - Bo Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Meitian Wang
- Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xiaopan Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Sheng Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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Gordon L, Mabbott N, Wells J, Kulik L, Juleff N, Charleston B, Perez-Martin E. Foot-and-mouth disease virus localisation on follicular dendritic cells and sustained induction of neutralising antibodies is dependent on binding to complement receptors (CR2/CR1). PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1009942. [PMID: 35512014 PMCID: PMC9113581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown after the resolution of acute infection and viraemia, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid proteins and/or genome are localised in the light zone of germinal centres of lymphoid tissue in cattle and African buffalo. The pattern of staining for FMDV proteins was consistent with the virus binding to follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). We have now demonstrated a similar pattern of FMDV protein staining in mouse spleens after acute infection and showed FMDV proteins are colocalised with FDCs. Blocking antigen binding to complement receptor type 2 and 1 (CR2/CR1) prior to infection with FMDV significantly reduced the detection of viral proteins on FDCs and FMDV genomic RNA in spleen samples. Blocking the receptors prior to infection also significantly reduced neutralising antibody titres, through significant reduction in their avidity to the FMDV capsid. Therefore, the binding of FMDV to FDCs and sustained induction of neutralising antibody responses are dependent on FMDV binding to CR2/CR1 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gordon
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Liudmila Kulik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nick Juleff
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Tang B, Li J, Li T, Xie Y, Guan W, Zhao Y, Yang S, Liu M, Xu D. Vaccines as a Strategy to Control Trichinellosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857786. [PMID: 35401479 PMCID: PMC8984473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis caused by Trichinella spiralis is a worldwide food-borne parasitic zoonosis. Several approaches have been performed to control T. spiralis infection, including veterinary vaccines, which contribute to improving animal health and increasing public health by preventing the transmission of trichinellosis from animals to humans. In the past several decades, many vaccine studies have been performed in effort to control T. spiralis infection by reducing the muscle larvae and adult worms burden. Various candidate antigens, selected from excretory-secretory (ES) products and different functional proteins involved in the process of establishing infection have been investigated in rodent or swine models to explore their protective effect against T. spiralis infection. Moreover, different types of vaccines have been developed to improve the protective effect against T. spiralis infection in rodent or swine models, such as live attenuated vaccines, natural antigen vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, DNA vaccines, and synthesized epitope vaccines. However, few studies of T. spiralis vaccines have been performed in pigs, and future research should focus on exploring the protective effect of different types of vaccines in swine models. Here, we present an overview of the strategies for the development of effective T. spiralis vaccines and summarize the factors of influencing the effectiveness of vaccines. We also discuss several propositions in improving the effectiveness of vaccines and may provide a route map for future T. spiralis vaccines development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yiting Xie
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhao
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shuguo Yang
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Mingyuan Liu,
| | - Daoxiu Xu
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Daoxiu Xu,
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A/Raouf Y, Ibrahim I. Diversity of SAT2 foot-and-mouth disease virus in Sudan: implication for diagnosis and control. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:789-798. [PMID: 35233700 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Like other East African countries, Sudan experienced circulation of more than one topotype of SAT2 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In Sudan, topotype XIII of SAT2 virus was recorded in 1977 and 2008 and topotype VII in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2014 and 2017. This work evaluated the impact of such diversity on diagnosis and control. After one or three doses of a vaccine derived from a Sudanese SAT2 virus of topotype VII originated in 2010, heterologous neutralizing antibody titres with Sudanese SAT2 viruses in 2008 were ≤ 1.2 log 10, not consistent with likely protection. Simultaneously, homologous titres were 1.65 (after one dose) or 1.95 and 2.55 log10 (after 3 doses). When r1 values between the vaccine virus and the SAT2 viruses isolated in 2008, whilst topotype XIII was circulating, were derived, values (≈ 0.00) suggested similarly poor antigenic relationship and unlikely cross protection. Concurrently, SAT2 positive field sera from Sudan in 2016 were not unvaryingly identified by virus neutralization tests (VNT) employing SAT2 viruses from 2010 and 2008. Proportions of positive sera by SAT2 virus from 2010 were always higher than those by viruses from 2008; consistent with the more frequent and recent circulation of topotype VII prior to 2016. Proportions by SAT2 virus from 2010 were 0.68 (± 0.1) in one location (n = 72), 0.39 (± 0.1) in another one (n = 94) and 0.52 (± 0.1) in the whole test group (n = 166). Corresponding values by viruses of 2008 were 0.53 (± 0.1), 0.27 (± 0.1) and 0.38 (± 0.1). In the whole test group, differences were statistically significant (p = .02339). Like post-vaccination sera, field sera (natural immunity) showed no considerable cross neutralization between topotype VII and presumably XIII; almost 45% (43/96) of SAT2 positive field sera were positive to one topotype but not to the other. Experimental and surveillance findings emphasized the implication of SAT2 diversity in Sudan. It is concluded that it is difficult to control SAT2 infection in Sudan using a monovalent vaccine. Beside a prophylactic vaccine from topotype VII, stockpiling of antigens from topotype XIII and enhanced virological surveillance with rapid genotyping and matching studies are necessary approaches. When more frequent circulation of more than one SAT2 topotype occurs, retrospective diagnosis by serological surveys could be problematic or imprecise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed A/Raouf
- Department of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Inas Ibrahim
- Department of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan
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Liu J, Verma PJ. Generating a Heat-Tolerance Mouse Model. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2495:259-272. [PMID: 35696038 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2301-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Creating mouse models of human genetic disease (Gurumurthy and Lloyd, Dis Models Mech 12(1):dmm029462, 2019) and livestock trait (Schering et al. Arch Physiol Biochem 121(5):194-205, 2015; Habiela et al. J Gen Virol 95 (Pt 11):2329-2345, 2014) have been proven to be a useful tool for understanding the mechanism behind the phenotypes and fundamental and applied research in livestock. A single base pair deletion of prolactin receptor (PRLR) has an impact on hair morphology phenotypes beyond its classical roles in lactation in cattle, the so-called slick cattle (Littlejohn et al. Nat Commun 5:5861, 2014). Here, we generate a knock-in mouse model by targeting the specific locus of PRLR gene using Cas9-mediated genome editing via homology-directed repair (HDR) in mouse zygotes. The mouse model carrying the identical PRLR mutation in slick cattle may provide a useful animal model to study the pathway of thermoregulation and the mechanism of heat-tolerance in the livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Stem Cells and Genome Editing, Genomics and Cellular Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul J Verma
- Aquatics & Livestock Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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Nikunjkumar P, Tamil Selvan RP, Bhanuprakash V. Ribavirin as a curative and prophylactic agent against foot and mouth disease virus infection in C57BL/6 suckling and adult mice model. Virusdisease 2021; 32:737-747. [PMID: 34901324 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of control measures for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), the application of antiviral agents is imperative due to certain limitations in the prevention and control of FMD. This study pertains to systematic in vivo investigation of ribavirin as a prophylactic/curative agent, both in suckling and adult C57BL/6 mice against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection. In the adult mice, antiviral efficacy was assessed based on standard clinical score, body weight, and viral load. Only 13.33 to 33.33% of adult mice exhibited disease-specific symptoms following treatment and infection and vice versa, respectively, indicating the antiviral efficacy of the ribavirin. Further, the distribution of virus in different vital organs following ribavirin treatment and virus infection, and vice versa using SYBR green-based real-time PCR is reported. In the blood sample, the viral RNA was detected as early as two days post-infection and there was a significant reduction in virus titer (1000 to 10,000-folds) in the treatment groups compared to the infection control group. Animals receiving ribavirin had significantly lower organ virus titers at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 14 days post-challenge (dpc) than placebo-treated. In suckling mice, the treatment groups were 100% protected/cured compared to the control group. Thus, our data demonstrate that ribavirin may provide a feasible therapeutic approach to prevent as well as to treat FMDV infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00746-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patel Nikunjkumar
- FMD Vaccine Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), HA Farm (P.O), Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
| | - Ramasamy Periyasamy Tamil Selvan
- FMD Vaccine Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), HA Farm (P.O), Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
| | - Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash
- FMD Vaccine Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), HA Farm (P.O), Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
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Guo Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Li Y. Interleukin-10-Mediated Lymphopenia Caused by Acute Infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122358. [PMID: 34960627 PMCID: PMC8708299 DOI: 10.3390/v13122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is characterized by a pronounced lymphopenia that is associated with immune suppression. However, the mechanisms leading to lymphopenia remain unclear. In this study, the number of total CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells in the peripheral blood were dramatically reduced in C57BL/6 mice infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O, and it was noted that mice with severe clinical symptoms had expressively lower lymphocyte counts than mice with mild or without clinical symptoms, indicating that lymphopenia was associated with disease severity. A further analysis revealed that lymphocyte apoptosis and trafficking occurred after FMDV infection. In addition, coinhibitory molecules were upregulated in the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from FMDV-infected mice, including CTLA-4, LAG-3, 2B4, and TIGIT. Interestingly, the elevated IL-10 in the serum was correlated with the appearance of lymphopenia during FMDV infection but not IL-6, IL-2, IL-17, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α/β, TGF-β, and CXCL1. Knocking out IL-10 (IL-10-/-) mice or blocking IL-10/IL-10R signaling in vivo was able to prevent lymphopenia via downregulating apoptosis, trafficking, and the coinhibitory expression of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, which contribute to enhance the survival of mice infected with FMDV. Our findings support that blocking IL-10/IL-10R signaling may represent a novel therapeutic approach for FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Guo
- State Key Laboratory on Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85528276 (Y.L.)
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85528276 (Y.L.)
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12
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Li K, Zhu G, Zhou S, Sun P, Wang H, Bao H, Fu Y, Li P, Bai X, Ma X, Zhang J, Li D, Chen Y, Liu Z, Cao Y, Lu Z. Isolation and characterization of porcine monoclonal antibodies revealed two distinct serotype-independent epitopes on VP2 of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34280085 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and the humoral immune response plays an essential role in protection against FMDV infection. However, little information is available about FMDV-specific mAbs derived from single B cells of pigs. This study aimed to determine the antigenic features of FMDV that are recognized by antibodies from pigs. Therefore, a panel of pig-derived mAbs against FMDV were developed using fluorescence-based single B cell antibody technology. Western blotting revealed that three of the antibodies (1C6, P2-7E and P2-8G) recognized conserved antigen epitopes on capsid protein VP2, and exhibited broad reactivity against both FMDV serotypes A and O. An alanine-substitution scanning assay and sequence conservation analysis elucidated that these porcine mAbs recognized two conserved epitopes on VP2: a linear epitope (2KKTEETTLL10) in the N terminus and a conformational epitope involving residues K63, H65, L66, F67, D68 and L81 on two β-sheets (B-sheet and C-sheet) that depended on the integrity of VP2. Random parings of heavy and light chains of the IgGs confirmed that the heavy chain is predominantly involved in binding to antigen. The light chain of porcine IgG contributes to the binding affinity toward an antigen and may function as a support platform for antibody stability. In summary, this study is the first to reveal the conserved antigenic profile of FMDV recognized by porcine B cells and provides a novel method for analysing the antibody response against FMDV in its natural hosts (i.e. pigs) at the clonal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Shasha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Pu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Hengmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Huifang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Yuanfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Xingwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Yingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Zaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Yimei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730046, PR China
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13
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Clemmons EA, Alfson KJ, Dutton JW. Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2039. [PMID: 34359167 PMCID: PMC8300273 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals provide food and other critical resources to most of the global population. As such, diseases of animals can cause dire consequences, especially disease with high rates of morbidity or mortality. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious or transmissible, epidemic diseases, with the potential to spread rapidly across the globe and the potential to cause substantial socioeconomic and public health consequences. Transboundary animal diseases can threaten the global food supply, reduce the availability of non-food animal products, or cause the loss of human productivity or life. Further, TADs result in socioeconomic consequences from costs of control or preventative measures, and from trade restrictions. A greater understanding of the transmission, spread, and pathogenesis of these diseases is required. Further work is also needed to improve the efficacy and cost of both diagnostics and vaccines. This review aims to give a broad overview of 17 TADs, providing researchers and veterinarians with a current, succinct resource of salient details regarding these significant diseases. For each disease, we provide a synopsis of the disease and its status, species and geographic areas affected, a summary of in vitro or in vivo research models, and when available, information regarding prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Kendra J. Alfson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John W. Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
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14
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Bidart J, Mignaqui A, Kornuta C, Lupi G, Gammella M, Soria I, Galarza R, Ferella A, Cardillo S, Langellotti C, Quattrocchi V, Durocher Y, Wigdorovitz A, Marcipar I, Zamorano P. FMD empty capsids combined with the Immunostant Particle Adjuvant -ISPA or ISA206 induce protective immunity against foot and mouth disease virus. Virus Res 2021; 297:198339. [PMID: 33596405 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) causes economy losses and is controlled by vaccination in many countries. Vaccine formulations based on empty capsids or Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) have the advantage of avoiding the biological hazard of using infectious FMDV, albeit are poorly immunogenic. Recently, we have described that ISPA a new Immune Stimulating Complex adjuvant, is useful to improve the response against FMD of vaccines that use inactivated virus. Now, the adjuvant effects of ISPA and ISA 206 (water/oil/water) on a VLPs-based FMD vaccine were evaluated. VLPs (strain A/Argentina/2001) were obtained in mammalian cell cultures and their elicitation of an immune response against FMDV with and without ISPA or ISA 206 was evaluated in mice as a first approach. Notably, VLPs-ISPA and VLPs-ISA 206 vaccines induced protection against viral challenge in 100 % of mice, while protection induced by VLPs alone was of 40 %. Total and neutralizing FMDV antibodies were higher in the VLPs-ISPA and VLPs-ISA 206 groups compared to the VLPs group. VLPs-ISPA induced significantly higher (p < 0.001) IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 titers than the VLPs vaccine. Moreover, in comparison with non-adjuvanted VLPs, VLPs-ISPA and VLPs-ISA 206 elicited an increased virus-specific T response, including higher IFNγ+/CD8 + lymphocyte production in mice. When these vaccines were tested in calves, antibody titers reached an Expected Percentage of Protection (EPP) above 90 % in the case of the VLPs-ISPA and VLPs-ISA 206 vaccines, while, in the VLPs group, EPP reached 25 %. IFNγ levels secreted by mononuclear cells of VLP-ISPA-vaccinated cattle were significantly higher than in the VLPs group. Overall, the results demonstrate that VLPs-ISPA or VLPs-ISA 206 are promising formulations for the development of a novel FMD vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bidart
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Mignaqui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche, IFAB, INTA - CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - C Kornuta
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Lupi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Gammella
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - I Soria
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - R Galarza
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - A Ferella
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - S Cardillo
- Biogenesis Bago SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Langellotti
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Quattrocchi
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Y Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - I Marcipar
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P Zamorano
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Ziraldo M, Bidart JE, Prato CA, Tribulatti MV, Zamorano P, Mattion N, D’Antuono AL. Optimized Adenoviral Vector That Enhances the Assembly of FMDV O1 Virus-Like Particles in situ Increases Its Potential as Vaccine for Serotype O Viruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591019. [PMID: 33250878 PMCID: PMC7672010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vectors that express in situ the capsid-encoding region of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proven to be effective as vaccines in relevant species for several viral strains, the same result was not consistently achieved for the O1/Campos/Brazil/58 strain. In the present study, an optimization of the Ad5 system was explored and was proven to enhance the expression of FMDV capsid proteins and their association into virus-like particles (VLPs). Particularly, we engineered a novel Ad5 vector (Ad5[PVP2]OP) which harbors the foreign transcription unit in a leftward orientation relative to the Ad5 genome, and drives the expression of the FMDV sequences from an optimized cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer-promoter as well. The Ad5[PVP2]OP vaccine candidate also contains the amino acid substitutions S93F/Y98F in the VP2 protein coding sequence, predicted to stabilize FMD virus particles. Cells infected with the optimized vector showed an ∼14-fold increase in protein expression as compared to cells infected with an unmodified Ad5 vector tested in previous works. Furthermore, amino acid substitutions in VP2 protein allowed the assembly of FMDV O1/Campos/Brazil/58 VLPs. Evaluation of several serological parameters in inoculated mice with the optimized Ad5[PVP2]OP candidate revealed an enhanced vaccine performance, characterized by significant higher titers of neutralizing antibodies, as compared to our previous unmodified Ad5 vector. Moreover, 94% of the mice vaccinated with the Ad5[PVP2]OP candidate were protected from homologous challenge. These results indicate that both the optimized protein expression and the stabilization of the in situ generated VLPs improved the performance of Ad5-vectored vaccines against the FMDV O1/Campos/Brazil/58 strain and open optimistic expectations to be tested in target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Ziraldo
- Centro de Virología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E. Bidart
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia A. Prato
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V. Tribulatti
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Mattion
- Centro de Virología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra L. D’Antuono
- Centro de Virología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Liu F, Wang Q, Huang Y, Wang N, Shan H. A 5-Year Review of Senecavirus A in China since Its Emergence in 2015. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:567792. [PMID: 33134352 PMCID: PMC7561413 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.567792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), previously known as Seneca Valley virus, is classified into the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. This virus can cause vesicular disease and epidemic transient neonatal losses in swine. Typical clinical signs include vesicular and/or ulcerative lesions on the snout, oral mucosa, coronary bands and hooves. SVA emerged in Guangdong Province of China in 2015, and thereafter gradually spread into other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (P.A.M.s). Nowadays more than half of the P.A.M.s have been affected by SVA, and asymptomatic infection has occurred in some areas. The phylogenetic analysis shows that China isolates are clustered into five genetic branches, implying a fast evolutionary speed since SVA emergence in 2015. This review presented current knowledge concerning SVA infection in China, including its history, epidemiology, evolutionary characteristics, diagnostics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Cañas-Arranz R, de León P, Forner M, Defaus S, Bustos MJ, Torres E, Andreu D, Blanco E, Sobrino F. Immunogenicity of a Dendrimer B 2T Peptide Harboring a T-Cell Epitope From FMDV Non-structural Protein 3D. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:498. [PMID: 32851051 PMCID: PMC7433650 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic dendrimer peptides are a promising strategy to develop new FMD vaccines. A dendrimer peptide, termed B2T-3A, which harbors two copies of the major FMDV antigenic B-cell site [VP1 (140–158)], covalently linked to a heterotypic T-cell from the non-structural protein 3A [3A (21–35)], has been shown to protect pigs against viral challenge. Interestingly, the modular design of this dendrimer peptide allows modifications aimed at improving its immunogenicity, such as the replacement of the T-cell epitope moiety. Here, we report that a dendrimer peptide, B2T-3D, harboring a T-cell epitope from FMDV 3D protein [3D (56–70)], when inoculated in pigs, elicited consistent levels of neutralizing antibodies and high frequencies of IFN-γ-producing cells upon in vitro recall with the homologous dendrimers, both responses being similar to those evoked by B2T-3A. Lymphocytes from B2T-3A-immunized pigs were in vitro-stimulated by T-3A peptide and to a lesser extent by B-peptide, while those from B2T-3D- immunized animals preferentially recognized the T-3D peptide, suggesting that this epitope is a potent inducer of IFN-γ producing-cells. These results extend the repertoire of T-cell epitopes efficiently recognized by swine lymphocytes and open the possibility of using T-3D to enhance the immunogenicity and the protection conferred by B2T-dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Bustos
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Torres
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Bidart J, Kornuta C, Gammella M, Gnazzo V, Soria I, Langellotti C, Mongini C, Galarza R, Calvinho L, Lupi G, Quattrocchi V, Marcipar I, Zamorano P. A New Cage-Like Particle Adjuvant Enhances Protection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:396. [PMID: 32851000 PMCID: PMC7411152 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease that causes important economy losses. Vaccines with new low-cost adjuvants that stimulate protective immune responses are needed and can be assayed in a mouse model to predict their effectiveness in cattle. Immunostimulant Particle Adjuvant (ISPA), also known as cage-like particle adjuvant, consisting of lipid boxes of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, sterylamine, alpha-tocopherol, and QuilA saponin, was shown to enhance protection of a recombinant vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi in a mouse model. Thus, in the present work, we studied the effects on the magnitude and type of immunity elicited in mice and cattle in response to a vaccine based on inactivated FMD virus (iFMDV) formulated with ISPA. It was demonstrated that iFMDV–ISPA induced protection in mice against challenge and elicited a specific antibody response in sera, characterized by a balanced Th1/Th2 profile. In cattle, the antibody titers reached corresponded to an expected percentage of protection (EPP) higher than 80%. EPP calculates the probability that livestock would be protected against a 10,000 bovine infectious doses challenge after vaccination. Moreover, in comparison with the non-adjuvanted iFMDV vaccine, iFMDV–ISPA elicited an increased specific T-cell response against the virus, including higher interferon gamma (IFNγ)+/CD8+ lymphocyte production in cattle. In this work, we report for first time that an inactivated FMDV serotype A vaccine adjuvanted with ISPA is capable of inducing protection against challenge in a murine model and of improving the specific immune responses against the virus in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bidart
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Kornuta
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Gammella
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Victoria Gnazzo
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Ivana Soria
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Langellotti
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Mongini
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Galarza
- Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomus, INTA, Chascomus, Argentina
| | - Luis Calvinho
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, INTA, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Lupi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Valeria Quattrocchi
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Ivan Marcipar
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Chen Y, Hu Y, Chen H, Li X, Qian P. A ferritin nanoparticle vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease virus elicited partial protection in mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:5647-5652. [PMID: 32624251 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious infectious disease common in cloven-hoofed animals. Outbreaks and epidemics of FMD can result in major economic losses of livestock. Using ferritin nanoparticles as the scaffold for an antigen can enhance the immunogenicity of the subunit vaccine and provide possible protection against FMD. We used a baculovirus expression system to express four recombinant proteins (VP1, VP1-Ft, G-H loop-Ft, and ferritin) and the protective immunity of the FMD ferritin nanoparticle vaccines was evaluated in mice. The recombinant subunit vaccines containing VP1, VP1-Ft, and G-H loop-Ft proteins significantly increased FMDV-specific IgG and IgG subclass antibody titers compared with the PBS group, as well as enhancing splenocyte proliferation and the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ. The VP1 and VP1-Ft vaccines provided survival rates of 55.6% and 66.7%, respectively. The G-H loop-Ft vaccine provided a 77.8% survival rate compared with 100% survival in the inactivated vaccine group. The partial survival provided by the ferritin nanoparticle vaccines indicated that further study of the effects of the fused ferritin nanoparticle FMDV vaccines in animals is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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20
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Gao H, Wang J, Zhao G, Zhu M, He Y, Xin A. Substitution 3A protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus of attenuated ZB strain rescued the viral replication and infection in bovine cells. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:145-152. [PMID: 31791012 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The non-structural protein 3A of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) plays an important role in viral replication, virulence and determination of host range. Previously we identified genomic changes in gene encoding 3A protein between the attenuated ZBatt strain and its parental virulent strain during the attenuation process. However, the effects of changes in 3A protein on viral replication and infection of the rabbit-attenuated ZBatt virus during the attenuation process are poorly understood. In this study, a chimeric virus, rZBatt-3A, was constructed by introducing the 3A gene of virulent ZB virus into its attenuated vaccine ZB strain. Subsequently, the biological characteristics between rZBatt-3A and its parental virus (rZBatt) were compared. The relative expression level of four host cell proteins that interact with FMDV 3A were also analyzed. The results showed that the chimeric virus rZBatt-3A exhibited significantly different growth properties and plaque phenotypes from rZBatt in primary fetal bovine kidney (BK) cells. Cytopathic effect (CPE) of the rZBatt-3A was observed in BK cells with smaller plaque size, but CPE from the rZBatt could not be observed. The viral RNA replication was higher in rZBatt-3A-infected BK cells than in rZBatt-infected cells at 24 hpi (P < .05). In addition, the relative mRNA expression level of Ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1) was significantly increased in rZBatt-3A-infected BK cells than in rZBatt-infected cells (P < .01) suggesting that UBQLN1 may be associated with 3A protein changes. Thus, the substitution of 3A protein altered the replication efficiency of attenuated ZB virus in bovine cells. Our data suggested that changes in 3A protein might be associated with the attenuation of ZB virus, which shed more lights in molecular mechanisms about attenuation of FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Gao
- National Foot-and-mouth disease Para-reference Laboratory (Kunming), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224,China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biological Products, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Guohong Zhao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224,China
| | - Mingwang Zhu
- Yunnan Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biological Products, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Yuwen He
- National Foot-and-mouth disease Para-reference Laboratory (Kunming), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224,China
| | - Aiguo Xin
- National Foot-and-mouth disease Para-reference Laboratory (Kunming), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224,China.
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Ranaweera LT, Wijesundara UK, Jayarathne HSM, Knowles N, Wadsworth J, Mioulet V, Adikari J, Weebadde C, Sooriyapathirana SS. Characterization of the FMDV-serotype-O isolates collected during 1962 and 1997 discloses new topotypes, CEY-1 and WCSA-1, and six new lineages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14526. [PMID: 31601911 PMCID: PMC6787213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of the FMD viruses collected from the outbreaks during the second half of the 20th Century in Sri Lanka was assessed in the present study. We sequenced the VP1 genomic region of the samples collected during FMDV epidemics caused by serotype O in Sri Lanka during 1962 and 1997. For comparison, we sequenced the VP1 of the related viral isolates collected from other Asian countries. We analyzed the VP1 sequences of the viral strains using the UPGMA method with uncorrected pairwise distances. Nucleotide divergence (ND) thresholds of 15%-20% and 5%-<15% were used to differentiate topotypes and lineages, respectively. We calibrated the divergence times and lineage-specific substitution rates using Bayesian-skyline models. Based on the ND estimations and phylogenetic relationships, we identified and named two new topotypes [CEYLON 1 (CEY-1) and WEST, CENTRAL AND SOUTH ASIA 1 (WCSA-1)] and six new lineages (Syr-62, Srl-77, Tur-69, May-78, Tai-87 and Bur-77) of serotype O. We believe that the novel topotypes and lineages named may have disappeared although they have similar substitution rates for epizootic outbreaks. Because the amino acid selection analysis revealed that the two topotypes and six lineages identified were under purifying selection during the outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru Thilanka Ranaweera
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Upendra Kumari Wijesundara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Nick Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jemma Wadsworth
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Mioulet
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jayantha Adikari
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Cholani Weebadde
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Suneth S Sooriyapathirana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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22
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Qi L, Wang K, Chen H, Liu X, Lv J, Hou S, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Host microRNA miR-1307 suppresses foot-and-mouth disease virus replication by promoting VP3 degradation and enhancing innate immune response. Virology 2019; 535:162-170. [PMID: 31306911 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles during interactions between virus pathogens and host cells, but whether and how they work in the case of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is less understood. Based on a microarray-based miRNA profiling in the porcine kidney cell line PK-15, we identified 36 differentially expressed host miRNAs at the early stage of FMDV infection, among which miR-1307 was significantly induced. Functional characterization demonstrated that miR-1307 attenuated FMDV replication. Further experiments proved that miR-1307 specifically promoted the degradation of the viral structural protein VP3 indirectly through proteasome pathway. Moreover, innate immune signaling was activated and expression of immune responsive genes was significantly enhanced in the miR-1307-overexpressing clones. Together, our data demonstrated that miR-1307 suppresses FMDV replication by destabilizing VP3 and enhancing host immune response. Importantly, subcutaneous injection of miR-1307 agomir delayed the FMDV-induced lethality in suckling mice, exhibiting its therapeutic potential to control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Kailing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, PR China
| | - Haotai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Jianliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shitong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, PR China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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23
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Guzman E, Montoya M. Contributions of Farm Animals to Immunology. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:307. [PMID: 30574508 PMCID: PMC6292178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
By their very nature, great advances in immunology are usually underpinned by experiments carried out in animal models and inbred lines of mice. Also, their corresponding knock-out or knock-in derivatives have been the most commonly used animal systems in immunological studies. With much credit to their usefulness, laboratory mice will never provide all the answers to fully understand immunological processes. Large animal models offer unique biological and experimental advantages that have been and continue to be of great value to the understanding of biological and immunological processes. From the identification of B cells to the realization that γδ T cells can function as professional antigen presenting cells, farm animals have contributed significantly to a better understanding of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Montoya
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Zhang N, Li W, Fu B. Vaccines against Trichinella spiralis: Progress, challenges and future prospects. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1447-1458. [PMID: 29873198 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis, the causative agent of trichinellosis, is able to infect a wide range of carnivores and omnivores including human beings. In the past 30 years, a mass of vaccination efforts has been performed to control T. spiralis infection with the purpose of reduction in worm fecundity or decrease in muscle larval and adult burdens. Here, we summarize the development of veterinary vaccines against T. spiralis infection. During recent years, increasing numbers of new vaccine candidates have been developed on the protective immunity against T. spiralis infection in murine model. The vaccine candidates were not only selected from excretory-secretory (ES) antigens, but also from the recombinant functional proteins, such as proteases and some other antigens participated in T. spiralis intracellular processes. However, immunization with a single antigen generally revealed lower protective effects against T. spiralis infection in mice compared to that with the inactivated whole worms or crude extraction and ES productions. Future study of T. spiralis vaccines should focus on evaluation of the protective efficacy of antigens and/or ligands delivered by nanoparticles that could elicit Th2-type immune response on experimental pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoquan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, China
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25
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Arends D, Hesse D, Brockmann GA. Invited review: Genetic and genomic mouse models for livestock research. Arch Anim Breed 2018. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-87-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Knowledge about the function and functioning of single or
multiple interacting genes is of the utmost significance for understanding the
organism as a whole and for accurate livestock improvement through genomic
selection. This includes, but is not limited to, understanding the
ontogenetic and environmentally driven regulation of gene action
contributing to simple and complex traits. Genetically modified mice, in
which
the functions of single genes are annotated; mice with reduced genetic
complexity; and simplified structured populations are tools to gain
fundamental knowledge of inheritance patterns and whole system genetics and
genomics. In this review, we briefly describe existing mouse resources and
discuss their value for fundamental and applied research in livestock.
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26
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Adaptive Immune Responses following Senecavirus A Infection in Pigs. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01717-17. [PMID: 29142122 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01717-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging picornavirus of swine, causes vesicular disease (VD) that is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in pigs. Many aspects of SVA interactions with the host and the host immune responses to infection, however, remain unknown. In the present study, humoral and cellular immune responses to SVA were evaluated following infection in pigs. We show that SVA infection elicited an early and robust virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody response, which coincided and was strongly correlated with VP2- and VP3-specific IgM responses. Notably, the neutralizing antibody (NA) responses paralleled the reduction of viremia and resolution of the disease. Analysis of the major porcine T-cell subsets revealed that during the acute/clinical phase of SVA infection (14 days postinfection [p.i.]), T-cell responses were characterized by an increased frequency of αβ T cells, especially CD4+ T cells, which were first detected by day 7 p.i. and increased in frequency until day 14 p.i. Additionally, the frequency of CD8+ and double-positive CD4+ CD8+ T cells (effector/memory T cells) expressing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or proliferating in response to SVA antigen stimulation increased after day 10 p.i. Results presented here show that SVA elicits B- and T-cell activation early upon infection, with IgM antibody levels being correlated with early neutralizing activity against the virus and peak B- and T-cell responses paralleling clinical resolution of the disease. The work provides important insights into the immunological events that follow SVA infection in the natural host.IMPORTANCE Senecavirus A (SVA) has recently emerged in swine, causing outbreaks of vesicular disease (VD) in major swine-producing countries around the world, including the United States, Brazil, China, Thailand, and Colombia. Notably, SVA-induced disease is clinically indistinguishable from other high-consequence VDs of swine, such as FMD, swine vesicular disease, vesicular stomatitis, and vesicular exanthema of swine. Despite the clinical relevance of SVA-induced VD, many aspects of the virus infection biology remain unknown. Here, we assessed host immune responses to SVA infection. The results show that SVA infection elicits early B- and T-cell responses, with the levels of VN antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses paralleling the reduction of viremia and resolution of the disease. SVA-specific CD8+ T cells are detected later during infection. A better understanding of SVA interactions with the host immune system may allow the design and implementation of improved control strategies for this important pathogen of swine.
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Wu M, He M, Kang Y. Vitamin C supplementation improved the efficacy of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1406459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meina He
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youmin Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Single-cell analysis reveals the relevance of foot-and-mouth disease virus persistence to emopamil-binding protein gene expression in host cells. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3791-3802. [PMID: 28916923 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infects host cells in either an acute or persistent manner. In this study, we examined the relevance of the establishment of FMDV persistence to the expression of the emopamil-binding protein (EBP) gene in 231 individual persistently infected baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells after passages 28, 38, and 68 (PI28, PI38, and PI68). At PI28, the stage at which persistent infection of FDMV becomes unstable, the percentage of cells carrying FMDV was 66.7%, while 80.2% of cells were EBP positive. Additionally, in 55.6% of the EBP-positive cells at PI28, EBP expression was upregulated approximately 149.9% compared to uninfected BHK-21 cells. This was the highest expression level among all cell passages measured. Interestingly, in a parallel experiment, the average EBP expression level in the whole cell population at PI28 was only slightly higher (108.2%) than that in uninfected BHK-21 cells. At PI38, 98.7% of the cells were positive for FMDV 3D (an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme gene), and its maximum expression level observed at this passage. The expression level of EBP in 78.2% of the total cells, however, was reduced significantly. At PI68, 95.8% of the cells were 3D positive, and the expression of both the EBP and 3D genes were at the lowest levels of all the passages. Our studies using single cells yielded data that are otherwise inaccessible a using whole cell population. These results suggest that the establishment of persistent infection by FMDV is a dynamic process that results from the continuous adaptation and coevolution of viruses and cells to reach an equilibrium.
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Abstract
Adult C57BL/6J mice have been used to study Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) biology. In this work, two variants of an FMDV A/Arg/01 strain exhibiting differential pathogenicity in adult mice were identified and characterized: a non-lethal virus (A01NL) caused mild signs of disease, whereas a lethal virus (A01L) caused death within 24-48h independently of the dose used. Both viruses caused a systemic infection with pathological changes in the exocrine pancreas. Virus A01L reached higher viral loads in plasma and organs of inoculated mice as well as increased replication in an ovine kidney cell line. Complete consensus sequences revealed 6 non-synonymous changes between A01L and A10NL genomes that might be linked to replication differences, as suggested by in silico prediction studies. Our results highlight the biological significance of discrete genomic variations and reinforce the usefulness of this animal model to study viral determinants of lethality.
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30
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You SH, Kim T, Choi JH, Park G, Lee KN, Kim B, Lee MH, Kim HS, Kim SM, Park JH. Coinjection of a vaccine and anti-viral agents can provide fast-acting protection from foot-and-mouth disease. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:195-204. [PMID: 28454913 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the cause of an economically devastating animal disease. With commercial inactivated FMD vaccines, the protection against FMD virus (FMDV) begins a minimum of 4 days post vaccination (dpv). Therefore, antiviral agents could be proposed for rapid protection and to reduce the spread of FMDV during outbreaks until vaccine-induced protective immunity occurs. In previous studies, we have developed two recombinant adenoviruses that simultaneously express porcine interferon-α and interferon-γ (Ad-porcine IFN-αγ) and multiple siRNAs that target the non-structural protein-regions of FMDV (Ad-3siRNA), and we have shown that the combination of the two antiviral agents (referred to here as Ad combination) induced robust protection against FMDV in pigs. In an attempt to provide complete protection against FMDV, we co-administered Ad combination and the FMD vaccine to mice and pigs. In the C57BL/6 mice model, we observed rapid and continuous protection against homologous FMDV challenge from 1 to 3 dpv-the period in which vaccine-mediated immunity is absent. In the pig experiments, we found that most of the pigs (five out of six) that received vaccine + Ad combination and were challenged with FMDV at 1 or 2 dpv were clinically protected from FMDV. In addition, most of the pigs that received vaccine + Ad combination and all pigs inoculated with the vaccine only were clinically protected from an FMDV challenge at 7 dpv. We believe that the antiviral agent ensures early protection from FMDV, and the vaccine participates in protection after 7 dpv. Therefore, we can say that the combination of the FMD vaccine and effective antiviral agents may offer both fast-acting and continuous protection against FMDV. In further studies, we plan to design coadministration of Ad combination and novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwa You
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Veterinary College of Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeseong Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gundo Park
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Veterinary College of Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Application of mouse model for effective evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:3731-7. [PMID: 27340094 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines has been conducted in target animals such as cows and pigs. In particular, handling FMD virus requires a high level of biosafety management and facilities to contain the virulent viruses. The lack of a laboratory animal model has resulted in inconvenience when it comes to using target animals for vaccine evaluation, bringing about increased cost, time and labor for the experiments. The FMD mouse model has been studied, but most FMD virus (FMDV) strains are not known to cause disease in adult mice. In the present study, we created a series of challenge viruses that are lethal to adult C57BL/6 mice. FMDV types O, A, and Asia1, which are related to frequent FMD outbreaks, were adapted for mice and the pathogenesis of each virus was evaluated in the mouse model. Challenge experiments after vaccination using in-house and commercial vaccines demonstrated vaccine-mediated protection in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, we propose that FMD vaccine evaluation should be carried out using mouse-adapted challenge viruses as a swift, effective efficacy test of experimental or commercial vaccines.
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Robinson L, Knight-Jones TJD, Charleston B, Rodriguez LL, Gay CG, Sumption KJ, Vosloo W. Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 6 - Immunology. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 63 Suppl 1:56-62. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L. L. Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center; ARS; USDA; Greenport NY USA
| | - C. G. Gay
- Agricultural Research Service; USDA; National Program 103-Animal Health; Beltsville MD USA
| | - K. J. Sumption
- European Commission for the Control of FMD (EuFMD); FAO; Rome Italy
| | - W. Vosloo
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory; CSIRO-Biosecurity Flagship; Geelong VIC Australia
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Differential Persistence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in African Buffalo Is Related to Virus Virulence. J Virol 2016; 90:5132-5140. [PMID: 26962214 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00166-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) circulates as multiple serotypes and strains in many regions of endemicity. In particular, the three Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes are maintained effectively in their wildlife reservoir, the African buffalo, and individuals may harbor multiple SAT serotypes for extended periods in the pharyngeal region. However, the exact site and mechanism for persistence remain unclear. FMD in buffaloes offers a unique opportunity to study FMDV persistence, as transmission from carrier ruminants has convincingly been demonstrated for only this species. Following coinfection of naive African buffaloes with isolates of three SAT serotypes from field buffaloes, palatine tonsil swabs were the sample of choice for recovering infectious FMDV up to 400 days postinfection (dpi). Postmortem examination identified infectious virus for up to 185 dpi and viral genomes for up to 400 dpi in lymphoid tissues of the head and neck, focused mainly in germinal centers. Interestingly, viral persistence in vivo was not homogenous, and the SAT-1 isolate persisted longer than the SAT-2 and SAT-3 isolates. Coinfection and passage of these SAT isolates in goat and buffalo cell lines demonstrated a direct correlation between persistence and cell-killing capacity. These data suggest that FMDV persistence occurs in the germinal centers of lymphoid tissue but that the duration of persistence is related to virus replication and cell-killing capacity. IMPORTANCE Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious acute vesicular disease in domestic livestock and wildlife species. African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are the primary carrier hosts of FMDV in African savannah ecosystems, where the disease is endemic. We have shown that the virus persists for up to 400 days in buffaloes and that there is competition between viruses during mixed infections. There was similar competition in cell culture: viruses that killed cells quickly persisted more efficiently in passaged cell cultures. These results may provide a mechanism for the dominance of particular viruses in an ecosystem.
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Ruiz V, Mozgovoj MV, Dus Santos MJ, Wigdorovitz A. Plant-produced viral bovine vaccines: what happened during the last 10 years? PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1071-1077. [PMID: 26250843 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has proved to be an efficient strategy to deal with viral infections in both human and animal species. However, protection of cattle against viral infections is still a major concern in veterinary science. During the last two decades, the development of efficient plant-based expression strategies for recombinant proteins prompted the application of this methodology for veterinary vaccine purposes. The main goals of viral bovine vaccines are to improve the health and welfare of cattle and increase the production of livestock, in a cost-effective manner. This review explores some of the more prominent recent advances in plant-made viral bovine vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bluetongue virus (BTV) and bovine papillomavirus (BPV), some of which are considered to be the most important viral causative agents of economic loss in cattle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina V Mozgovoj
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Dus Santos
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Langellotti C, Cesar G, Soria I, Quattrocchi V, Jancic C, Zamorano P, Vermeulen M. Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of dendritic cells triggers phosphorylation of ERK1/2 inducing class I presentation and apoptosis. Vaccine 2015. [PMID: 26212005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. This pathology is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Over time, the development of vaccines to prevent the spread of this illness became essential. Vaccines currently used contain the inactivated form of the virus. However, vaccination generates an immune response different to that induced by the infection. We investigated whether these differences are related to intracellular mechanisms on dendritic cells (DCs). As a result, we demonstrated that the internalization of infective virus triggered the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which was involved in the activation of caspase-9, the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and the delivery of viral peptides on MHC class I molecules. While, inactivated virus (iFMDV) did not affect this pathway or any function mediated by its activation. As described, infectious virus in DCs was also associated to autophagy LC3 protein and was associated to lysosomal protein Lamp-2; contrary to observe for the iFMDV. Strikingly, the processing of viral antigens to accommodate in class I molecules does not appear to involve the proteasome. Finally, this increased presentation promotes a specific cytotoxic response against infectious virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Langellotti
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gonzalo Cesar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivana Soria
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Quattrocchi
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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