1
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Jiang ZH, Chen QY, Jia HH, Wang XY, Zhang LJ, Huang XQ, Harrison TJ, Jackson JB, Wu L, Fang ZL. Low host immune pressure may be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a longitudinal analysis of complete genomes of the HBV 1762T, 1764A mutant. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1214423. [PMID: 37681020 PMCID: PMC10481955 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1214423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that hepatitis B virus (HBV) double mutations (A1762T, G1764A) are an aetiological factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is unclear who is prone to develop HCC, among those infected with the mutant. Exploring HBV quasispecies, which are strongly influenced by host immune pressure, may provide more information about the association of viral factors and HCC. Materials and methods Nine HCC cases and 10 controls were selected from the Long An cohort. Serum samples were collected in 2004 and 2019 from subjects with HBV double mutations and the complete genome of HBV was amplified and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results The Shannon entropy values increased from 2004 to 2019 in most cases and controls. There was no significant difference in mean intrahost quasispecies genetic distances between cases and controls. The change in the values of mean intrahost quasispecies genetic distances of the controls between 2004 and 2019 was significantly higher than that of the cases (P<0.05). The viral loads did not differ significantly between cases and controls in 2004(p=0.086) but differed at diagnosed in 2019 (p=0.009). Three mutations occurring with increasing frequency from 2004 to 2019 were identified in the HCC cases, including nt446 C→G, nt514 A→C and nt2857T→C. Their frequency differed significantly between the cases and controls (P<0.05). Conclusions The change in the values of mean intrahost quasispecies genetic distances in HCC was smaller, suggesting that HBV in HCC cases may be subject to low host immune pressure. Increasing viral loads during long-term infection are associated with the development of HCC. The novel mutations may increase the risk for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Jiang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qin-Yan Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui-Hua Jia
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue-Yan Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lu-Juan Zhang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tim J. Harrison
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Brooks Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Zhong-Liao Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Yang JY, Wu YH, Pan MYC, Chiou YT, Lee RKL, Li TN, Wang LHC. Chemical-induced degradation of PreS2 mutant surface antigen via the induction of microautophagy. Antiviral Res 2022; 207:105417. [PMID: 36122619 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Naturally evolved immune-escape PreS2 mutant is an oncogenic caveat of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. PreS2 mutant is prevalent in above 50% of patients with HCC. In addition, intrahepatic expression of PreS2 mutant large surface antigen (PreS2-LHBS) induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondria dysfunction, cytokinesis failure, and subsequent chromosome hyperploidy. As PreS2-LHBS has no enzymatic activity, the development of PreS2-specific inhibitors can be challenging. In this study, we aim to identify inhibitors of PreS2-LHBS via the induction of protein-specific degradation. We set up a large-scale protein stability reporter platform and applied an FDA-approved drug library for the screening. We identified ABT199 as a negative modulator of PreS2-LHBS, which induced the degradation of PreS2-LHBS without affecting the general cell viability in both hepatoma and immortalized hepatocytes. Next, by affinity purification screening, we found that PreS2-LHBS interacted with HSC70, a microautophagy mediating chaperone. Simultaneously, inhibitions of lysosomal degradation or microautophagy restored the expression of PreS2-LHBS, suggesting microautophagy is involved in ABT199-induced PreS2-LHBS degradation. Notably, a 24-hr treatment of ABT199 was sufficient for the reduction of DNA damage and cytokinesis failure in PreS2-LHBS expressing hepatocytes. In addition, a persistent treatment of ABT199 for 3 weeks reversed chromosome hyperploidy in PreS2-LHBS cells and suppressed anchorage-independent growth of HBV-positive hepatoma cells. Together, this study identified ABT-199 as a negative modulator of PreS2-LHBS via mediating microautophagy. Our results indicated that long-term inhibition of PreS2-LHBS may serve as a novel strategy for the therapeutic prevention of HBV-mediated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Yi Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Max Yu-Chen Pan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Richard Kuan-Lin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Neng Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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3
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Maepa MB, Ely A, Kramvis A, Bloom K, Naidoo K, Simani OE, Maponga TG, Arbuthnot P. Hepatitis B Virus Research in South Africa. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091939. [PMID: 36146747 PMCID: PMC9503375 DOI: 10.3390/v14091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being vaccine-preventable, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains the seventh leading cause of mortality in the world. In South Africa (SA), over 1.9 million people are chronically infected with HBV, and 70% of all Black chronic carriers are infected with HBV subgenotype A1. The virus remains a significant burden on public health in SA despite the introduction of an infant immunization program implemented in 1995 and the availability of effective treatment for chronic HBV infection. In addition, the high prevalence of HIV infection amplifies HBV replication, predisposes patients to chronicity, and complicates management of the infection. HBV research has made significant progress leading to better understanding of HBV epidemiology and management challenges in the SA context. This has led to recent revision of the national HBV infection management guidelines. Research on developing new vaccines and therapies is underway and progress has been made with designing potentially curative gene therapies against HBV. This review summarizes research carried out in SA on HBV molecular biology, epidemiology, treatment, and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohube B. Maepa
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdullah Ely
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Kristie Bloom
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Kubendran Naidoo
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Omphile E. Simani
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Tongai G. Maponga
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
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4
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Jia JA, Zhang S, Bai X, Fang M, Chen S, Liang X, Zhu S, Wong DKH, Zhang A, Feng J, Sun F, Gao C. Sparse logistic regression revealed the associations between HBV PreS quasispecies and hepatocellular carcinoma. Virol J 2022; 19:114. [PMID: 35765099 PMCID: PMC9238101 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been proved highly associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIMS The purpose of the study is to investigate the association between HBV preS region quasispecies and HCC development, as well as to develop HCC diagnosis model using HBV preS region quasispecies. METHODS A total of 104 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 117 HBV-related HCC patients were enrolled. HBV preS region was sequenced using next generation sequencing (NGS) and the nucleotide entropy was calculated for quasispecies evaluation. Sparse logistic regression (SLR) was used to predict HCC development and prediction performances were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Entropy of HBV preS1, preS2 regions and several nucleotide points showed significant divergence between CHB and HCC patients. Using SLR, the classification of HCC/CHB groups achieved a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.883 in the training data and 0.795 in the test data. The prediction model was also validated by a completely independent dataset from Hong Kong. The 10 selected nucleotide positions showed significantly different entropy between CHB and HCC patients. The HBV quasispecies also classified three clinical parameters, including HBeAg, HBVDNA, and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with the AUC value greater than 0.6 in the test data. CONCLUSIONS Using NGS and SLR, the association between HBV preS region nucleotide entropy and HCC development was validated in our study and this could promote the understanding of HCC progression mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-an Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 901th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hefei, 230031 China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xin Bai
- Molecular and Computational Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, 90089 USA
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xiaotao Liang
- Department of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shanfeng Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Danny Ka-Ho Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anye Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033 China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Fengzhu Sun
- Molecular and Computational Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, 90089 USA
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437 China
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5
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Pley C, Lourenço J, McNaughton AL, Matthews PC. Spacer Domain in Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase: Plugging a Hole or Performing a Role? J Virol 2022; 96:e0005122. [PMID: 35412348 PMCID: PMC9093120 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase is divided into terminal protein, spacer, reverse transcriptase, and RNase domains. Spacer has previously been considered dispensable, merely acting as a tether between other domains or providing plasticity to accommodate deletions and mutations. We explore evidence for the role of spacer sequence, structure, and function in HBV evolution and lineage, consider its associations with escape from drugs, vaccines, and immune responses, and review its potential impacts on disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Pley
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - José Lourenço
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna L. McNaughton
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Medawar Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa C. Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Medawar Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Lin J, Li J, Xie P, Han Y, Yu D, Chen J, Zhang X. Hepatitis B virus middle surface antigen loss promotes clinical variant persistence in mouse models. Virulence 2021; 12:2868-2882. [PMID: 34738866 PMCID: PMC8632123 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1999130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) middle surface antigen (MHBs) mutation or deletion occurs in patients with chronic HBV infection. However, the functional role of MHBs in HBV infection is still an enigma. Here, we reported that 7.33% (11/150) isolates of CHB patients had MHBs start codon mutations compared with 0.00% (0/146) in acute hepatitis B (AHB) patients. Interestingly, MHBs loss accounted for 11.88% (126/1061) isolates from NCBI GenBank, compared with 0.09% (1/1061) and 0.00% (0/1061) for HBV large surface antigen (LHBs) loss and HBV small surface antigen (SHBs) loss, respectively. One persistent HBV clone of genotype B (B56, MHBs loss) from a CHB patient was hydrodynamically injected into BALB/c mice. B56 persisted for >70 weeks in BALB/c mice, whereas B56 with restored MHBs (B56M+) was quickly cleared within 28 days. Serum cytokine assays demonstrated that CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-6 and IL-33 were significantly increased during rapid HBV clearance in B56M+ mice. Furthermore, the enhancers and promoters of B56 were proved to be required for B56 persistence in mice. Ablating MHBs expression improved the persistence of a new clone (HBV1.3, genotype B) which was recreated by using enhancers and promoters of B56. These data demonstrated that MHBs deletion can promote the persistence of specific HBV variants in a hydrodynamic mouse model. MHBs re-expression restored a rapid clearance of HBV, which was accompanied by cytokine responses including the elevation of CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-6 and IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilin Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Demin Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Abstract
Hepatitis B was discovered by researchers who were investigating jaundice associated with blood transfusions as well as parenterally administered medications. Through trial and error, the HBV was identified. There are specific tests that detect HBV infection, whether it is a previous exposure or active infection. The various HBV serologies are reviewed in this work as well. Hepatitis B surface antigen has emerged as a tool in defining treatment endpoint and its significance is reviewed. HBV genotypes are distributed uniquely throughout the world, in particular, genotype C is associated with higher rates of hepatocellular carcinoma. Various HBV genotypes and their impact on the clinical course are discussed. The relationship of HBV serologies and HBV DNA to disease progression is outlined. There are specific recommendations on monitoring those infected with HBV and this is reviewed here. HBV mutations have an impact on the disease course and those of significance are also discussed.
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8
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Liang YJ, Teng W, Chen CL, Sun CP, Teng RD, Huang YH, Liang KH, Chen YW, Lin CC, Su CW, Tao MH, Wu JC. Clinical Implications of HBV PreS/S Mutations and the Effects of PreS2 Deletion on Mitochondria, Liver Fibrosis, and Cancer Development. Hepatology 2021; 74:641-655. [PMID: 33675094 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS PreS mutants of HBV have been reported to be associated with HCC. We conducted a longitudinal study of the role of HBV preS mutations in the development of HCC, particularly in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) having low HBV DNA or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and investigated the effects of secretion-defective preS2 deletion mutant (preS2ΔMT) on hepatocyte damage in vitro and liver fibrosis in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS Association of preS mutations with HCC in 343 patients with CHB was evaluated by a retrospective case-control follow-up study. Effects of preS2ΔMT on HBsAg retention, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, calcium accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and liver fibrosis were examined. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association of preS mutations with HCC (HR, 3.210; 95% CI, 1.072-9.613; P = 0.037) including cases with low HBV DNA or ALT levels (HR, 2.790; 95% CI, 1.133-6.873; P = 0.026). Antiviral therapy reduced HCC risk, including cases with preS mutations. PreS2ΔMT expression promoted HBsAg retention in the ER and unfolded protein response (UPR). Transmission electron microscopic examination, MitoTracker staining, real-time ATP assay, and calcium staining of preS2ΔMT-expressing cells revealed aberrant ER and mitochondrial ultrastructure, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, and calcium overload. Serum HBV secretion levels were ~100-fold lower in preS2ΔMT-infected humanized Fah-/-/ Rag2-/-/Il2rg-/- triple knockout mice than in wild-type HBV-infected mice. PreS2ΔMT-infected mice displayed up-regulation of UPR and caspase-3 and enhanced liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS PreS mutations were significantly associated with HCC development in patients with CHB, including those with low HBV DNA or ALT levels. Antiviral therapy reduced HCC occurrence in patients with CHB, including those with preS mutations. Intracellular accumulation of mutated HBsAg induced or promoted ER stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired energy metabolism, liver fibrosis, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Jin Liang
- Translational Research DivisionMedical Research DepartmentTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC.,Cancer Progression Research CenterNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Teng
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical CenterTaoyuanTaiwan, ROC.,Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Li Chen
- School of MedicineCollege of MedicineFu Jen Catholic UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Rui-Dung Teng
- Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology and Institute of Biomedical InformaticsNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Translational Research DivisionMedical Research DepartmentTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Translational Research DivisionMedical Research DepartmentTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Chih Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome SciencesYang-Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Wei Su
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC.,Faculty of MedicineSchool of MedicineNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Jaw-Ching Wu
- Translational Research DivisionMedical Research DepartmentTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC.,Cancer Progression Research CenterNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC.,Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
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9
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Lost Small Envelope Protein Expression from Naturally Occurring PreS1 Deletion Mutants of Hepatitis B Virus Is Often Accompanied by Increased HBx and Core Protein Expression as Well as Genome Replication. J Virol 2021; 95:e0066021. [PMID: 33910956 PMCID: PMC8223946 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00660-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcribes coterminal mRNAs of 0.7 to 3.5 kb from the 3.2-kb covalently closed circular DNA, with the 2.1-kb RNA being most abundant. The 0.7-kb RNA produces HBx protein, a transcriptional transactivator, while the 3.5-kb pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) drives core and P protein translation as well as genome replication. The large (L) and small (S) envelope proteins are translated from the 2.4-kb and 2.1-kb RNAs, respectively, with the majority of the S protein being secreted as noninfectious subviral particles and detected as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). pgRNA transcription could inhibit transcription of subgenomic RNAs. The present study characterized naturally occurring in-frame deletions in the 3' preS1 region, which not only codes for L protein but also serves as the promoter for 2.1-kb RNA. The human hepatoma cell line Huh7 was transiently transfected with subgenomic expression constructs for envelope (and HBx) proteins, dimeric constructs, or constructs mimicking covalently closed circular DNA. The results confirmed lost 2.1-kb RNA transcription and HBsAg production from many deletion mutants, accompanied by increases in other (especially 2.4-kb) RNAs, intracellular HBx and core proteins, and replicative DNA but impaired virion and L protein secretion. The highest intracellular L protein levels were achieved by mutants that had residual S protein expression or retained the matrix domain in L protein. Site-directed mutagenesis of a high replicating deletion mutant suggested that increased HBx protein expression and blocked virion secretion both contributed to the high replication phenotype. Our findings could help explain why such deletions are selected at a late stage of chronic HBV infection and how they contribute to viral pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Expression of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and overproduction of HBsAg by wild-type HBV are implicated in the induction of immune tolerance to achieve chronic infection. How HBV survives the subsequent immune clearance phase remains incompletely understood. Our previous characterization of core promoter mutations to reduce HBeAg production revealed the ability of the 3.5-kb pgRNA to diminish transcription of coterminal RNAs of 2.4 kb, 2.1 kb, and 0.7 kb. The later stage of chronic HBV infection often selects for in-frame deletions in the preS region. Here, we found that many 3' preS1 deletions prevented transcription of the 2.1-kb RNA for HBsAg production, which was often accompanied by increases in intracellular 3.5-, 0.7-, and especially 2.4-kb RNAs, HBx and core proteins, and replicative DNA but lost virion secretion. These findings established the biological consequences of preS1 deletions, thus shedding light on why they are selected and how they contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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10
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Wungu CDK, Ariyanto FC, Prabowo GI, Soetjipto S, Handajani R. Meta-analysis: Association between hepatitis B virus preS mutation and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:61-71. [PMID: 32896077 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous observational studies suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS mutation plays an important role in the existence of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the results are still debatable. With an increasing number of studies about this topic, this study employed a meta-analysis to identify the association between HBV preS mutation and HCC risk. We searched for eligible studies from PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL, ScienceDirect and Springer databases to assess the association between HBV mutation and HCC risk. This meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 to provide pooled estimate for odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Twenty-one clinical studies were included in this meta-analysis study which consisted of 1738 participants with HBV-related HCC and 3740 HBsAg-positive patients without HCC. All studies used samples of Asian population. PreS deletion was the most common mutation found in all studies. We found that ORs of HBV overall preS deletion was associated with HCC (OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 2.32-4.65; P < .00001; random-effects model). Each preS1 and preS2 deletion was associated with increased risk of HCC, with OR 2.42 (95% CI = 1.25-4.68, P = .008) and 3.36 (95% CI = 2.04-5.55, P < .00001), respectively. PreS2 start codon mutation was also significantly associated with HCC risk (OR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.15-5.27; P = .02; random-effect model). The result of this meta-analysis suggested that HBV preS deletion (all, preS1 and preS2) and preS2 start codon mutation might contribute to the increased risk of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fis Citra Ariyanto
- Faculty of Nursing, Jember University, Jember, Indonesia.,Hearing Vision Ltd-Darmo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Gwenny Ichsan Prabowo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soetjipto Soetjipto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Retno Handajani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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11
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Zhang H, Zeng W. The Potential Role of Metabolic Disease in Liver Tumorigenesis in Patients With Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:1216-1217. [PMID: 31003698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Suzuki Y, Maekawa S, Komatsu N, Sato M, Tatsumi A, Miura M, Matsuda S, Muraoka M, Nakakuki N, Amemiya F, Takano S, Fukasawa M, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi T, Inoue T, Sato T, Sakamoto M, Yamashita A, Moriishi K, Enomoto N. HBV preS deletion mapping using deep sequencing demonstrates a unique association with viral markers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212559. [PMID: 30794632 PMCID: PMC6386350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Deletions are observed frequently in the preS1/S2 region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, in association with liver disease advancement. However, the most significant preS1/S2 region and its influences on viral markers are unclear. Methods The preS1/S2 HBV regions of 90 patients without antiviral therapy were subjected to deep sequencing and deleted regions influencing viral markers were investigated. Results From the deletion frequency analysis in each patient, deletions were observed most frequently in the preS2 codon 132–141 region. When the patients were divided into three groups (0–0.1%: n = 27, 0.1%-10%: n = 34, 10–100%: n = 29), based on the deletion frequency, FIB-4 (p < 0.01), HBV DNA (p < 0.01), HBcrAg (p < 0.01) and preS1/S2 start codon mutations (p < 0.01, both) were significantly associated with the deletion. When clinical and viral markers were investigated by multivariate analysis for their association with the deletion, FIB-4 (p < 0.05), HBcrAg (p < 0.05), and preS1 start codon mutation (p < 0.01) were extracted as independent variables. When the influence of the preS codon 132-141deletions on HBsAg and HBcrAg, relative to HBV DNA, was investigated, the HBsAg/HBV DNA ratio was lower (0–10% vs. 10%-100%, p<0.05), while the HBcrAg/HBV DNA rati o was higher (0–0.1% vs. 10%-100%, p<0.05) in the presence of the preS codon 132-141deletions. Conclusion The preS codon.132-141 deletions have a significant influence on the clinical characteristics and viral markers, even when present as a minor population. Importantly, the preS codon 132–141 deletions have a clear influence on the viral life cycle and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Suzuki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinya Maekawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nobutoshi Komatsu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Sato
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akihisa Tatsumi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mika Miura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shuya Matsuda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masaru Muraoka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nakakuki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumitake Amemiya
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takano
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Fukasawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakayama
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamaguchi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Taisuke Inoue
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sato
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Minoru Sakamoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsuya Yamashita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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13
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Chen QY, Hu YL, Wang XY, Harrison TJ, Wang C, Hu LP, Yang QL, Ren CC, Jia HH, Fang AZL. Locus 5p13.1 may be associated with the selection of cancer-related HBV core promoter mutations. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:990-997. [PMID: 31341412 PMCID: PMC6643130 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations (A1762T and G1764A) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been reported to be an aetiological factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). What distinguishes the subset of HBV carriers in whom these mutations are selected? Methods: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out on 218 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers infected with HBV with BCP double mutations and 191 controls infected with HBV with the wild type BCP. The highest ranking nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were validated with other study subjects, 203 cases and 181 controls. The expression of the gene nearest a SNP found to be significant was examined using RT-PCR. Results: Forty-five candidate SNPs were identified in the GWAS. Three SNPs were found to be associated with the selection of HBV BCP double mutations in the replication stage, including rs7717457 at 5p13.1, rs670011 at 17q21.2, rs2071611 at 6p22.2. Especially, rs7717457 (P= 4.57×10-5 combined P) reached the potential GWAS significance level. The expression of gene complement component 7 (C7), nearest to SNP rs7717457, differed significantly between the case and control groups (t=2.045, P=0.04), suggesting that SNP rs7717457 was associated with the expression of its nearest gene. Conclusions: SNP rs7717457 is associated with the selection of HBV BCP double mutations, providing an important clue to understanding the mechanisms of oncogenesis of HBV BCP double mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yan Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Yan-Ling Hu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xue-Yan Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | | | - Chao Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Li-Ping Hu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Qing-Li Yang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Ren
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hui-Hua Jia
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - And Zhong-Liao Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
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14
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Li TN, Wu YJ, Tsai HW, Sun CP, Wu YH, Wu HL, Pei YN, Lu KY, Yen TTC, Chang CW, Chan HL, Tao MH, Liou JY, Chang MDT, Su IJ, Wang LHC. Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus large surface antigen induces hepatocyte hyperploidy via failure of cytokinesis. J Pathol 2018; 245:502-513. [PMID: 29862509 DOI: 10.1002/path.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an aetiological factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite current antiviral therapies that successfully reduce the viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B, persistent hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) remains a risk factor for HCC. To explore whether intrahepatic viral antigens contribute directly to hepatocarcinogenesis, we monitored the mitotic progression of HBV-positive cells. Cytokinesis failure was increased in HBV-positive HepG2.2.15 and 1.3ES2 cells, as well as in HuH-7 cells transfected with a wild-type or X-deficient HBV construct, but not in cells transfected with an HBsAg-deficient construct. We show that expression of viral large surface antigen (LHBS) was sufficient to induce cytokinesis failure of immortalized hepatocytes. Premitotic defects with DNA damage and G2 /M checkpoint attenuation preceded cytokinesis in LHBS-positive cells, and ultimately resulted in hyperploidy. Inhibition of polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1) not only restored the G2 /M checkpoint in these cells, but also suppressed LHBS-mediated in vivo tumourigenesis. Finally, a positive correlation between intrahepatic LHBS expression and hepatocyte hyperploidy was detected in >70% of patients with chronic hepatitis B. We conclude that HBV LHBS provokes hyperploidy by inducing DNA damage and upregulation of Plk1; the former results in atypical chromatin structures, and the latter attenuates the function of the G2 /M DNA damage checkpoint. Our data uncover a mechanism by which genomic integrity of hepatocytes is disrupted by viral LHBS. These findings highlight the role of intrahepatic surface antigen as an oncogenic risk factor in the development of HCC. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cytokinesis
- DNA Damage
- Disease Models, Animal
- G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Hep G2 Cells
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism
- Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck/genetics
- Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck/metabolism
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/metabolism
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/metabolism
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Hepatocytes/transplantation
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Marmota
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ploidies
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Neng Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lin Wu
- Hepatitis Research Centre, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Pei
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tim Ting-Chung Yen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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15
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Wu IC, Liu WC, Chang TT. Applications of next-generation sequencing analysis for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma-associated hepatitis B virus mutations. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:51. [PMID: 29859540 PMCID: PMC5984823 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful and high-throughput method for the detection of viral mutations. This article provides a brief overview about optimization of NGS analysis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations, and hepatocarcinogenesis of relevant mutations. MAIN BODY For the application of NGS analysis in the genome of HBV, four noteworthy steps were discovered in testing. First, a sample-specific reference sequence was the most effective mapping reference for NGS. Second, elongating the end of reference sequence improved mapping performance at the end of the genome. Third, resetting the origin of mapping reference sequence could probed deletion mutations and variants at a certain location with common mutations. Fourth, using a platform-specific cut-off value to distinguish authentic minority variants from technical artifacts was found to be highly effective. One hundred and sixty-seven HBV single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were found to be studied previously through a systematic literature review, and 12 SNVs were determined to be associated with HCC by meta-analysis. From comprehensive research using a HBV genome-wide NGS analysis, 60 NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs with their pathogenic frequencies were identified, with 19 reported previously. All the 12 HCC-associated SNVs proved by meta-analysis were confirmed by NGS analysis, except for C1766T and T1768A which were mainly expressed in genotypes A and D, but including the subgroup analysis of A1762T. In the 41 novel NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs, 31.7% (13/41) had cut-off values of SNV frequency lower than 20%. This showed that NGS could be used to detect HCC-associated SNVs with low SNV frequency. Most SNV II (the minor strains in the majority of non-HCC patients) had either low (< 20%) or high (> 80%) SNV frequencies in HCC patients, a characteristic U-shaped distribution pattern. The cut-off values of SNV frequency for HCC-associated SNVs represent their pathogenic frequencies. The pathogenic frequencies of HCC-associated SNV II also showed a U-shaped distribution. Hepatocarcinogenesis induced by HBV mutated proteins through cellular pathways was reviewed. CONCLUSION NGS analysis is useful to discover novel HCC-associated HBV SNVs, especially those with low SNV frequency. The hepatocarcinogenetic mechanisms of novel HCC-associated HBV SNVs defined by NGS analysis deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Infectious Disease and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Infectious Disease and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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16
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Yen TTC, Yang A, Chiu WT, Li TN, Wang LH, Wu YH, Wang HC, Chen L, Wang WC, Huang W, Chang CW, Chang MDT, Shen MR, Su IJ, Wang LHC. Hepatitis B virus PreS2-mutant large surface antigen activates store-operated calcium entry and promotes chromosome instability. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23346-60. [PMID: 26992221 PMCID: PMC5029631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a driver of hepatocellular carcinoma, and two viral products, X and large surface antigen (LHBS), are viral oncoproteins. During chronic viral infection, immune-escape mutants on the preS2 region of LHBS (preS2-LHBS) are gain-of-function mutations that are linked to preneoplastic ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs) and early disease onset of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we show that preS2-LHBS provoked calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and triggered stored-operated calcium entry (SOCE). The activation of SOCE increased ER and plasma membrane (PM) connections, which was linked by ER- resident stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1) protein and PM-resident calcium release- activated calcium modulator 1 (Orai1). Persistent activation of SOCE induced centrosome overduplication, aberrant multipolar division, chromosome aneuploidy, anchorage-independent growth, and xenograft tumorigenesis in hepatocytes expressing preS2- LHBS. Chemical inhibitions of SOCE machinery and silencing of STIM1 significantly reduced centrosome numbers, multipolar division, and xenograft tumorigenesis induced by preS2-LHBS. These results provide the first mechanistic link between calcium homeostasis and chromosome instability in hepatocytes carrying preS2-LHBS. Therefore, persistent activation of SOCE represents a novel pathological mechanism in HBV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ting-Chung Yen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Anderson Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Neng Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Lyu-Han Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei 22180, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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17
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Liu WC, Wu IC, Lee YC, Lin CP, Cheng JH, Lin YJ, Yen CJ, Cheng PN, Li PF, Cheng YT, Cheng PW, Sun KT, Yan SL, Lin JJ, Yang JC, Chang KC, Ho CH, Tseng VS, Chang BCH, Wu JC, Chang TT. Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated single-nucleotide variants and deletions identified by the use of genome-wide high-throughput analysis of hepatitis B virus. J Pathol 2017; 243:176-192. [PMID: 28696069 DOI: 10.1002/path.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and deletion mutations linked with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ninety-three HCC patients and 108 non-HCC patients were enrolled for HBV genome-wide next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. A systematic literature review and a meta-analysis were performed to validate NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs and deletions. The experimental results identified 60 NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs, including 41 novel SNVs, and their pathogenic frequencies. Each SNV was specific for either genotype B (n = 24) or genotype C (n = 34), except for nt53C, which was present in both genotypes. The pathogenic frequencies of these HCC-associated SNVs showed a distinct U-shaped distribution pattern. According to the meta-analysis and literature review, 167 HBV variants from 109 publications were categorized into four levels (A-D) of supporting evidence that they are associated with HCC. The proportion of NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs among these HBV variants declined significantly from 75% of 12 HCC-associated variants by meta-analysis (Level A) to 0% of 10 HCC-unassociated variants by meta-analysis (Level D) (P < 0.0001). PreS deletions were significantly associated with HCC, in terms of deletion index, for both genotypes B (P = 0.030) and C (P = 0.049). For genotype C, preS deletions involving a specific fragment (nt2977-3013) were significantly associated with HCC (HCC versus non-HCC, 6/34 versus 0/32, P = 0.025). Meta-analysis of preS deletions showed significant association with HCC (summary odds ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 2.3-3.9). Transfection of Huh7 cells showed that all of the five novel NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs in the small surface region influenced hepatocarcinogenesis pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum-stress and DNA repair systems, as shown by microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Their carcinogenic mechanisms are worthy of further research. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Chien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Ji-Hong Cheng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Jyh Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Nan Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Fu Li
- Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Cheng
- Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Information and Learning Technology, Science and Engineering College, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Koun-Tem Sun
- Department of Information and Learning Technology, Science and Engineering College, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Ling Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Jhen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Chu Yang
- Human Biobank, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Chao Chang
- Human Biobank, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Vincent S Tseng
- Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Jaw-Ching Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Translational Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Zhao K, Wu C, Yao Y, Cao L, Zhang Z, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Pei R, Chen J, Hu X, Zhou Y, Lu M, Chen X. Ceruloplasmin inhibits the production of extracellular hepatitis B virions by targeting its middle surface protein. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1410-1421. [PMID: 28678687 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin (CP) is mainly synthesized by hepatocytes and plays an essential role in iron metabolism. Previous reports have shown that CP levels correlate negatively with disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the function of CP in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle and the mechanism underlying the above correlation remain unclear. Here, we report that CP can selectively inhibit the production of extracellular HBV virions without altering intracellular viral replication. HBV expression can also downregulate the expression of CP. Knockdown of CP using small interfering RNA significantly increased the level of extracellular HBV virions in both Huh7 and HepG2.2.15 cells, while overexpression of CP decreased this level. Mechanistically, CP could specifically interact with the HBV middle surface protein (MHB). Using an HBV replication-competent clone unable to express MHBs, we demonstrated that the overexpression of CP did not affect the production of extracellular HBV virions in the absence of MHBs. Furthermore, introduction of an MHB expression construct could rescue the impairment in virion production caused by CP. Taken together, our results suggest that CP may be an important host factor that targets MHBs during the envelopment and/or release of virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitao Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chunchen Wu
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yongxuan Yao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liang Cao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Yifei Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jizheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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19
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Malve B, Eschlimann M, Galgey S, Fenaux H, Zoulim F, Goehringer F, Rabaud C, May T, Jeulin H, Schvoerer E. Impact of deletions and mutations in Hepatitis B virus envelope proteins on serological profile and clinical evolution. Virus Res 2017; 238:141-147. [PMID: 28673869 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope glycoproteins are essential for viral entry into the hepatocyte and are also targets for host immune response. The study of these proteins could allow us to highlight molecular hot points influencing HBV fitness, which would subsequently modify the clinical evolution of the disease, both under anti-viral therapy or without treatment. The present short communication underlines the importance of the high variability in HBV envelope proteins, in regard with the literature and in our hands, for HBV-infected patients either on anti-HBV treatment or not. We report mutations in antigenic areas of S protein, i.e. CD8+/CD4+ T-cell epitopes and B-cell epitopes in the major hydrophilic region (MHR), such as sI126N and sG145R possibly involved in the rare coexisting Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg)/anti-HBs serological pattern. We mostly report serial mutations in preS region including preS1 deletion (aa 1-6, 31-71, 38-73, 72-104) and preS2 deletion (aa132-141) in patients with various clinical evolutions. Some of these viral envelope mutations, due to immune selection pressure, may result in a worsening of the hepatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Malve
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Marine Eschlimann
- EA 7300 'Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes', Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Shaunagh Galgey
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Honorine Fenaux
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Unité Inserm UI1052, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France.
| | - François Goehringer
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Christian Rabaud
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Thierry May
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Hélène Jeulin
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France; EA 7300 'Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes', Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Evelyne Schvoerer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France; EA 7300 'Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes', Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
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20
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Natural history of acute and chronic hepatitis B: The role of HBV genotypes and mutants. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:249-255. [PMID: 28774406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular epidemiologic studies reveal remarkable differences in the geographical distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes. The frequency of mutants among HBV genotypes also varies. The role of HBV genotypes/mutants in the pathogenesis of HBV infection and natural history of HBV infection has been extensively investigated. The distribution of HBV genotypes in acute hepatitis B patients reflects the predominant genotypes in a given geographic area. In chronic hepatitis B patients, genotype C and D have a higher frequency of basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A mutations than genotype A and B. HBV genotypes C, D and F carry a higher lifetime risk of cirrhosis and HCC development than genotype A and B. HBV pre-S/S gene mutations were associated with immune escape of hepatitis B immunoglobulin or vaccine-induced immunity. Mutations in the pre-S, core promoter and X regions correlate with an increased risk of cirrhosis and HCC. In summary, HBV genotypes and mutants are associated with the disease progression and long-term outcome of HBV infection. They may serve as viral genetic markers for risk stratification of chronic hepatitis B patients in clinical practice.
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21
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Zhou H, Gewaily D, Ahn SH, Preskill C, Wang Y, Zong L, Zhang J, Han KH, Wands J, Li J, Tong S. Sequence analysis and functional characterization of full-length hepatitis B virus genomes from Korean cirrhotic patients with or without liver cancer. Virus Res 2017; 235:86-95. [PMID: 28373061 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and characterize mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome associated with advanced liver diseases. The 3.2-kb HBV genome of the C2 subgenotype was amplified from sera of 18 cirrhotic Korean patients with (10) or without (8) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and two clones per patient were characterized by transient transfection experiments in human hepatoma cells. While A1762T/G1764A core promoter mutations were highly prevalent in both groups, the G1896A precore mutation to abolish hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) expression was more common in HCC clones (55% vs. 20%). High replication capacity was mostly found in HCC clones and associated with core promoter mutations, whereas more non-HCC clones harbored a nonfunctional core gene (34% vs. 8%). Large in-frame deletions in the preS region were found in 60% of HCC clones and 38% of non-HCC clones. They removed the first 11 residues of large envelope protein or impaired small envelope protein expression, or deleted a neutralizing epitope in the preS2 domain. Additional point mutations prevented middle envelope protein expression, or caused nonsense mutations in the preS or S region to truncate large and/or small envelope protein. Consequently, many clones were unable to express or secrete hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In conclusion, mutations associated with the advanced stage of chronic HBV infection are complex and diverse. Host immune pressure most likely selected for mutations in the HBV genome to abolish or reduce HBeAg or HBsAg production, to enhance genome replication, or to escape neutralizing antibodies. Some of these mutations may contribute to liver cirrhosis or HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huailiang Zhou
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai, China.
| | - Dina Gewaily
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA .
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Carina Preskill
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA .
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zong
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai, China.
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jack Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA .
| | - Jisu Li
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA .
| | - Shuping Tong
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai, China; Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA .
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22
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Spitz N, Moreira AS, Mello FCA, Franz HCF, Gomes SA, Araujo NM. Complete genome sequence of a hepatitis B virus isolate of genotype D2, subtype adrq+, from Brazil. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1695-1700. [PMID: 28181035 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into 10 distinct serological subtypes of the surface antigen (HBsAg) that can be predicted by sequencing of the corresponding S gene. HBV genotype D usually displays determinants of subtypes ayw2 or ayw3. On the other hand, subtype adrq+ has been found exclusively in association with genotype C. Here, we describe the first HBV genome (isolate BR32) belonging to genotype D with the serological subtype adrq+. This isolate had a genome length of 3,062 nucleotides (nt), and no recombination events were observed in the BR32 genome that could explain the occurrence of the subtype adr in a genotype D isolate. Analysis of the quasispecies population revealed that 28 out of 30 clones (93%) were of subtype adrq+, while the subtypes of the two remaining could not be determined, since they contained an S residue (instead of K or R) at position 122 of HBsAg. These results will contribute to further epidemiological and evolutionary studies of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Spitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Aline S Moreira
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina F Franz
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Selma A Gomes
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Araujo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
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23
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Hundie GB, Stalin Raj V, Gebre Michael D, Pas SD, Koopmans MP, Osterhaus ADME, Smits SL, Haagmans BL. A novel hepatitis B virus subgenotype D10 circulating in Ethiopia. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:163-173. [PMID: 27808472 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is genetically highly divergent and classified in ten genotypes and forty subgenotypes in distinct ethno-geographic populations worldwide. Ethiopia is a country with high HBV prevalence; however, little is known about the genetic variability of HBV strains that circulate. Here, we characterize the complete genome of 29 HBV strains originating from five Ethiopian regions, by 454 deep sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetically, ten strains were classified as genotype A1 and nineteen as genotype D. Fifteen genotype D strains, provisionally named subgenotype D10, showed a novel distinct cluster supported by high bootstrap value and >4% nucleotide divergence from other known subgenotypes. In addition, the novel D10 strains harboured nine unique amino acid signatures in the surface, polymerase and X genes. Seventy-two per cent of the genotype D strains had the precore premature stop codon G1896A. In addition, 63% genotype A and 33% genotype D strains had the basal core promoter mutations, A1762T/G1764A. Furthermore, four pre-S deletion variants and two recombinants were identified in this study. In conclusion, we identified a novel HBV subgenotype D10 circulating in Ethiopia, underlining the high genetic variability of HBV strains in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Hundie
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Stalin Raj
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Gebre Michael
- National blood bank services, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S D Pas
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A D M E Osterhaus
- Artemis One health, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - S L Smits
- ViroClinics BioScience BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Twagirumugabe T, Swaibu G, Walker TD, Lindh M, Gahutu JB, Bergström T, Norder H. Hepatitis B virus strains from Rwandan blood donors are genetically similar and form one clade within subgenotype A1. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:32. [PMID: 28056881 PMCID: PMC5217631 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rwanda is a central African country with about 12 million inhabitants. The 1994 genocide against the Tutsi destroyed much of the infrastructure, including the health system. Although this has improved significantly, many challenges remain to be addressed. In this study, the prevalence of serological markers of past and ongoing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV vaccine related immunity was investigated in samples from blood donors from all regions of Rwanda. METHODS The results from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) analyses of all (45,061) blood donations collected countrywide in 2014 from 13,637 first time and 31,424 repeat blood donors were compiled. Samples from 581 HBsAg negative blood donors were selected for further analysis for antibodies against HBV, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Additional 139 samples from HBsAg positive donors were analyzed for HBeAg/anti-HBe (132 samples) and for HBV DNA. The S-gene was amplified by PCR, products sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. RESULTS HBsAg was found in 4.1% of first time donors with somewhat higher prevalence among those from the Central and Eastern regions than from other parts of the country. Indications of past infection was found in 21% of the HBsAg negative donors, 4.3% had only anti-HBs suggesting HBV vaccination. HBeAg was detected in 28 (21%), anti-HBe in 97 (73%), and both HBeAg and anti-HBe in 4 of 132 HBsAg positive donors. HBV DNA was found in 85 samples, and the complete S-gene was sequenced in 58 of those. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed that all HBV strains belonged to subgenotype A1, and formed one clade in the phylogenetic tree. In addition, 12 strains from first time donors had a unique 18 amino acid deletion in the N-terminal part of the pre-S2 region. CONCLUSION This study indicated that the prevalence of hepatitis B is intermediate in Rwanda and that the vaccination coverage is relatively low in young adults. All surveyed Rwandan blood donors were infected with similar subgenotype A1 strains, and a high frequency of those with anti-HBe had detectable HBV DNA. Several strains had in addition a unique pre-S2 deletion, the virulence of which needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theogene Twagirumugabe
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 41346, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Gatare Swaibu
- Rwanda Biomedical Center-National Center for Blood and Transfusion (RBC-NCBT), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Timothy David Walker
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Magnus Lindh
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 41346, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean Bosco Gahutu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 41346, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heléne Norder
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 41346, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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25
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Teng YC, Neo JC, Wu JC, Chen YF, Kao CH, Tsai TF. Expression of a hepatitis B virus pre-S2 deletion mutant in the liver results in hepatomegaly and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. J Pathol 2017; 241:463-474. [PMID: 27868197 DOI: 10.1002/path.4850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and has a poor prognosis and a low survival rate; its incidence is on the rise. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the main causes of HCC. A high prevalence of pre-S deletions of HBV surface antigen, which encompass T-cell and/or B-cell epitopes, is found in HBV carriers; antiviral therapy and viral immune escape may cause and select for these HBV mutants. In particular, the presence of pre-S2 deletion mutants is an important risk factor associated with cirrhosis and HCC. We generated Alb-preΔS2 transgenic mice that express a naturally occurring pre-S2 mutant protein containing a 33-nucleotide deletion (preΔS2); the aim was to investigate its effect on hepatocarcinogenesis. After 30 months of follow-up, the liver pathology of the mice fell into four groups: G1, chronic inflammation solely; G2, chronic inflammation and fibrosis; G3, inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatomegaly accompanied by rectal prolapse (4-12%); and G4, hepatomegaly and spontaneous HCC (12-15%). Striking degeneration of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was present in the mouse livers at an early stage (4 months old). At 8 months, overt ER stress and the Atf6 pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) were induced; at the same time, metabolic pathways associated with mevalonate and cholesterol biogenesis, involving the peroxisomes and the ER, were disturbed. At 20 months and older, the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway of the UPR was induced and the Hippo transducer Yap was activated. Together, these ultrastructural aberrations and metabolic disturbance all seem to contribute to the molecular pathogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis present in the Alb-preΔS2 mice. These findings may contribute to the development of therapies for the liver disorders and HCC associated with pre-S2 deletion mutations among HBV carriers. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chi Teng
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq Chyuan Neo
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Ching Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Translational Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Heng Kao
- Center of General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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26
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Makvandi M. Update on occult hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8720-8734. [PMID: 27818588 PMCID: PMC5075547 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i39.8720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The event of mutations in the surface antigen gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) results in undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen with positive/negative anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) antibody status in serum and this phenomenon is named occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). The presence of anti-HBc antibody in serum is an important key for OBI tracking, although about 20% of OBI cases are negative for anti-HBc antibody. The diagnosis of OBI is mainly based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR assays. However, real-time PCR is a more reliable method than PCR. OBI is a great issue for the public health problem and a challenge for the clinical entity worldwide. The persistence of OBI may lead to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With regard to OBI complications, the screening of HBV DNA by the highly sensitive molecular means should be implemented for: (1) patients with a previous history of chronic or acute HBV infection; (2) patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus; (3) patients undergoing chemotherapy or anti-CD20 therapy; (4) recipients of organ transplant; (5) blood donors; (6) organ transplant donors; (7) thalassemia and hemophilia patients; (8) health care workers; (9) patients with liver related disease (cryptogenic); (10) hemodialysis patients; (11) patients undergoing lamivudine or interferon therapy; and (12) children in time of HBV vaccination especially in highly endemic areas of HBV. Active HBV vaccination should be implemented for the close relatives of patients who are negative for OBI markers. Thus, the goal of this review is to evaluate the rate of OBI with a focus on status of high risk groups in different regions of the world.
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27
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Li KW, Kramvis A, Liang S, He X, Chen QY, Wang C, Yang QL, Hu LP, Jia HH, Fang ZL. Higher prevalence of cancer related mutations 1762T/1764A and PreS deletions in hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolated from HBV/HIV co-infected compared to HBV-mono-infected Chinese adults. Virus Res 2016; 227:88-95. [PMID: 27720823 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the era of combination therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are the major causes of death for patients co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV. However, the mechanisms remain obscure. We aimed to determine whether HCC-related HBV mutations including 1762T/1764A double mutation and pre-S deletions occur more frequently in HBV/HIV co-infected individuals compared to HBV mono-infected individuals. In this study, the basic core promoter (BCP) and the preS/S regions of HBV isolated from 61 pairs of HBV/HIV co-infected and HBV mono-infected participants were analyzed. We found that the prevalence of HBV isolates with 1762T/1764A and/or preS deletion mutations was 37.7% (95% CI: 29.1-46.3). The prevalence of these mutations in HBV/HIV co-infected group (52.5%, 95% CI: 40.0-65.0) was significantly higher than in the HBV mono-infected group (23.0%, 95% CI: 12.4-33.6) (X2=11.307, P<0.05). HBV/HIV co-infection was associated with higher viral loads but these higher viral loads were not associated with the higher prevalence of HCC-related HBV mutations. Individually 1762T1764A (44.3%) or preS deletions (23%) occurred more frequently in isolates from co-infected compared to mono-infected individuals (21.3%, 4.9%, respectively) (X2=7.290, P<0.05; X2=8.270, P<0.05). Moreover, 1762T/1764A and preS deletions occurred more frequently in genotypes C and I compared to genotype B (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that co-infection with HIV was associated with the development of both 1762T/1764A ((RR: 2.932(1.325-6.488)) and preS deletions ((RR: 5.759(1.562-21.235)). These results demonstrate that co-infection with HIV was associated with increased prevalence of HCC-related mutations in HBV isolates from Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wen Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, 18 Jin Zhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Shujia Liang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, 18 Jin Zhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Xiang He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Qin-Yan Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, 18 Jin Zhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, 18 Jin Zhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Qing-Li Yang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, 18 Jin Zhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Li-Ping Hu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, 18 Jin Zhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hui-Hua Jia
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, 18 Jin Zhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhong-Liao Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, 18 Jin Zhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.
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Chen C, Jia H, Zhang F, Qin Y, Zong L, Yuan Q, Wang Y, Xia N, Li J, Wen Y, Tong S. Functional characterization of hepatitis B virus core promoter mutants revealed transcriptional interference among co-terminal viral mRNAs. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2668-2676. [PMID: 27558941 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a 3.2 kb circular DNA genome. It employs four promoters in conjunction with a single polyadenylation signal to generate 3.5, 2.4, 2.1 and 0.7 kb co-terminal RNAs. The 3.5 kb RNA is subdivided into the precore RNA for e-antigen expression and pregenomic RNA for genome replication. When introduced to a genotype A clone, several core promoter mutations markedly enhanced HBV genome replication, but suppressed e-antigen expression through up-regulation of pregenomic RNA at the expense of precore RNA. In this study, we found such mutations also diminished envelope proteins and hepatitis B surface antigen, products of the 2.1 and 2.4 kb subgenomic RNAs. Indeed, Northern blot analysis revealed overall increase in 3.5 kb RNA, but reduction in all subgenomic RNAs. To validate transcriptional interference, we subcloned 1.1×, 0.7× and 0.6× HBV genome, respectively, to a vector with or without a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter at the 5' end, so as to produce the pregenomic RNA, 2.4 kb RNA, and 2.1 kb RNA in large excess or not at all. Parallel transfection of the three pairs of constructs into a human hepatoma cell line confirmed the ability of pregenomic RNA to suppress all subgenomic transcripts and established the ability of the 2.4 and 2.1 kb RNAs to suppress the 0.7 kb RNA. Consistent with our findings, pregenomic RNA of the related duck HBV has been reported to interfere with transcription of the subgenomic RNAs. Transcriptional interference might explain why HBV produces so little 0.7 kb RNA and HBx protein despite a strong X promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haodi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yanli Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Zong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jisu Li
- The Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yumei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuping Tong
- The Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Lee D, Lyu H, Chung YH, Kim JA, Mathews P, Jaffee E, Zheng L, Yu E, Lee YJ, Ryu SH. Genomic change in hepatitis B virus associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5393-5399. [PMID: 27340355 PMCID: PMC4910660 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the genomic changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and evaluate their role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients chronically infected with genotype C HBV.
METHODS: Two hundred and forty chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were subjected and followed for a median of 105 mo. HCC was diagnosed in accordance with AASLD guidelines. The whole X, S, basal core promoter (BCP), and precore regions of HBV were sequenced using the direct sequencing method.
RESULTS: All of the subjects were infected with genotype C HBV. Out of 240 CHB patients, 25 (10%) had C1653T and 33 (14%) had T1753V mutation in X region; 157 (65%) had A1762T/G1764A mutations in BCP region, 50 (21%) had G1896A mutation in precore region and 67 (28%) had pre-S deletions. HCC occurred in 6 patients (3%). The prevalence of T1753V mutation was significantly higher in patients who developed HCC than in those without HCC. The cumulative occurrence rates of HCC were 5% and 19% at 10 and 15 years, respectively, in patients with T1753V mutant, which were significantly higher than 1% and 1% in those with wild type HBV (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The presence of T1753V mutation in HBV X-gene significantly increases the risk of HCC development in patients chronically infected with genotype C HBV.
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Tong S, Revill P. Overview of hepatitis B viral replication and genetic variability. J Hepatol 2016; 64:S4-S16. [PMID: 27084035 PMCID: PMC4834849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) greatly increases the risk for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV isolates worldwide can be divided into ten genotypes. Moreover, the immune clearance phase selects for mutations in different parts of the viral genome. The outcome of HBV infection is shaped by the complex interplay of the mode of transmission, host genetic factors, viral genotype and adaptive mutations, as well as environmental factors. Core promoter mutations and mutations abolishing hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) expression have been implicated in acute liver failure, while genotypes B, C, subgenotype A1, core promoter mutations, preS deletions, C-terminal truncation of envelope proteins, and spliced pregenomic RNA are associated with HCC development. Our efforts to treat and prevent HBV infection are hampered by the emergence of drug resistant mutants and vaccine escape mutants. This paper provides an overview of the HBV life cycle, followed by review of HBV genotypes and mutants in terms of their biological properties and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Tong
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Warren School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peter Revill
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia ()
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Zhang ZH, Wu CC, Chen XW, Li X, Li J, Lu MJ. Genetic variation of hepatitis B virus and its significance for pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:126-144. [PMID: 26755865 PMCID: PMC4698480 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many populations. Due to its unique life cycle which requires an error-prone reverse transcriptase for replication, it constantly evolves, resulting in tremendous genetic variation in the form of genotypes, sub-genotypes, and mutations. In recent years, there has been considerable research on the relationship between HBV genetic variation and HBV-related pathogenesis, which has profound implications in the natural history of HBV infection, viral detection, immune prevention, drug treatment and prognosis. In this review, we attempted to provide a brief account of the influence of HBV genotype on the pathogenesis of HBV infection and summarize our current knowledge on the effects of HBV mutations in different regions on HBV-associated pathogenesis, with an emphasis on mutations in the preS/S proteins in immune evasion, occult HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mutations in polymerase in relation to drug resistance, mutations in HBV core and e antigen in immune evasion, chronicalization of infection and hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure, and finally mutations in HBV x proteins in HCC.
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32
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Coppola N, Onorato L, Minichini C, Di Caprio G, Starace M, Sagnelli C, Sagnelli E. Clinical significance of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2729-2739. [PMID: 26644816 PMCID: PMC4663392 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i27.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in many countries, with nearly 300 million people worldwide carrying HBV chronic infection and over 1 million deaths per year due to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Several hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutations have been described, most frequently due to a single amino acid substitution and seldom to a nucleotide deletion. The majority of mutations are located in the S region, but they have also been found in the pre-S1 and pre-S2 regions. Single amino acid substitutions in the major hydrophilic region of HBsAg, called the “a” determinant, have been associated with immune escape and the consequent failure of HBV vaccination and HBsAg detection, whereas deletions in the pre-S1 or pre-S2 regions have been associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review article will focus on the HBsAg mutants and their biological and clinical implications.
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Yang Y, Sun JW, Zhao LG, Bray F, Xiang YB. Quantitative evaluation of hepatitis B virus mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:497-508. [PMID: 26543337 PMCID: PMC4626822 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporal relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis including cohort and nested case-control studies to prospectively examine the HCC risk associated with common variants of HBV in the PreS, Enhancer II, basal core promoter (BCP) and precore regions. Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science and the Chinese Biological Medicine databases through to November 2014. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using fixed or random effects models depending on whether significant heterogeneity was detected. RESULTS Twenty prospective studies were identified, which included 8 cohort and 12 nested case-control studies. There was an increased risk of HCC associated with any PreS mutations with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 3.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.59-5.61]. The pooled-RR for PreS deletion was 3.98 (95% CI: 2.28-6.95), which was higher than that of PreS2 start codon mutation (pooled-RR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.30-5.34). C1653T in Enhancer II was significantly associated with HCC risk (pooled-RR=1.83; 95% CI: 1.21-2.76). For mutations in BCP, statistically significant pooled-RRs of HCC were obtained for T1753V (pooled-RR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.49-2.94) and A1762T/G1764A double mutations (pooled-RR=3.11; 95% CI: 2.08-4.64). No statistically significant association with HCC risk was observed for G1896A in the precore region (pooled-RR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.47-1.26). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that PreS mutations, C1653T, T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A, were associated with an increased risk of HCC. Clinical practices concerning the HCC risk prediction and diagnosis may wish to focus on patients with these mutations.
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34
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Lin CL, Kao JH. Perspectives and control of hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114:901-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Zhang C, Li G. Role of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: Prospect in clinical application. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3171-3181. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i20.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a fetal specific alpha-globulin that has been used as a serum fetal defect/tumor marker for diagnosis and prediction of liver disease. Over the past decade, research indicates that AFP as an intracellular signal molecule is not only a biomarker but also interacts with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis B virus protein x and plays multifarious roles in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in HBV-induced liver cancer.
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36
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Wang XY, Harrison TJ, Chen QY, Li H, Li GJ, Liu MH, Hu LP, Tan C, Yang QL, Fang ZL. The incidence rate over 10 years of naturally occurring, cancer related mutations in the basal core promoter of hepatitis B virus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:75-80. [PMID: 26192376 PMCID: PMC4666899 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The annual incidence rate of the basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations is 3.8%. The incidence rate tends to decrease with age and the peak appeared early in the life. Nucleotide (nt) 1762 is the favoured site of the first mutation. Viruses with a single mutation at nt 1762 or 1764 are more prone to develop double mutations.
Cross-sectional analyses showed that the prevalence of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations (nt 1762T, 1764A) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) gradually increases with age. We aimed to determine the incidence rate of the mutations over 10 years. Study subjects were selected from the Long An cohort established in 2004, including 59 with HBV with single mutations at nt 1762 or 1764 in the BCP and 342 with wild type BCP sequences at baseline. Their serum samples for analysis were obtained at the 3rd and 10th annual visits, respectively. The results showed that the annual incidence rate of BCP double mutations is 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–6.2) and tends to decrease with age. The peak incidence is in the 30–34 years age-group. The incidence rate in HBeAg positive individuals (5.5%) is significantly higher than in those without HBeAg (3.4%) (P < 0.05). The incidence rate is significantly higher in genotype C (4.8%) than in genotype B (2.8%) or I (3.1%). The incidence rate of the mutations (6.8%) developing from a single mutation at nt 1762 or 1764 is significantly higher than that (3.8%) from the wild type sequence (P < 0.005). The difference in incidence of single mutations between nt 1762 (0.7%) and 1764 (0.03%) is significant (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the incidence rate of BCP double mutations tends to decrease with age after the age of 35 years. Viruses with a single mutation at nt 1762 or 1764 are more prone to develop double mutations. Nt 1762 is the more common site of the first mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | | | - Qin-Yan Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Hai Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Guo-Jian Li
- Department of Public Health of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 35 TaoYuan Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Mo-Han Liu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Li-Ping Hu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Chao Tan
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Qing-Li Yang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
| | - Zhong-Liao Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.
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Jain S, Chang TT, Chen S, Boldbaatar B, Clemens A, Lin SY, Yan R, Hu CT, Guo H, Block TM, Song W, Su YH. Comprehensive DNA methylation analysis of hepatitis B virus genome in infected liver tissues. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10478. [PMID: 26000761 PMCID: PMC4650678 DOI: 10.1038/srep10478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus causing hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The methylation status of the HBV DNA in its different forms can potentially provide insight into the pathogenesis of HBV-related liver diseases, including HCC, however this is unclear. The goal of this study is to obtain comprehensive DNA methylation profiles of the three putative CpG islands in the HBV DNA in infected livers, with respect to liver disease progression. The extent of methylation in these CpG islands was first assessed using bisulfite PCR sequencing with a small set of tissue samples, followed by analysis using both quantitative bisulfite-specific PCR and quantitative methylation-specific PCR assays in a larger sample size (n = 116). The level of HBV CpG island 3 methylation significantly correlated with hepatocarcinogenesis. We also obtained, for the first time, evidence of rare, non-CpG methylation in CpG island 2 of the HBV genome in infected liver. Comparing methylation of the HBV genome to three known HCC-associated host genes, APC, GSTP1, and RASSF1A, we did not identify a significant correlation between these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Selena Y Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy M Block
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Song
- JBS Science, Inc., Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | - Ying-Hsiu Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
At least 10 hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes (A to J) with distinct geographic distributions and several HBV mutants, including precore/core promoter mutations and pre-S/S deletion mutations, have been recognized to be not only predictive of liver disease progression but also associated with response to antiviral therapy. HBV genotype-specific pathogenesis may contribute to heterogeneous clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B patients across the world. For example, patients with HBV genotypes C and D infection have a lower rate of spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion. In addition, HBV genotypes C and D have a higher frequency of core promoter and pre-S mutations than genotypes A and B. Genotypes C and D also carry a higher lifetime risk of cirrhosis and HCC development than genotypes A and B. Core promoter and pre-S mutations also correlate with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therapeutically, genotypes A and B patients have a better response to interferon-based therapy than genotypes C and D patients, but the response to nucleos(t)ide analogs is comparable across different HBV genotypes. In conclusion, HBV genotypes and variants may serve as viral genetic markers to predict disease progression as well as help practicing physicians optimize individualized antiviral therapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Wang C, Teng Z, Zhu Y, Zhao AZ, Sun C. Associations between pre-S deletion mutation of hepatitis B virus and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asian population: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1072-7. [PMID: 25868851 PMCID: PMC4410724 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer, leading to many cancer-related deaths worldwide. Several studies have shown an association between pre-S deletion mutation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC risk, but the results remain conflicting. We aimed to verify HBV pre-S deletion mutations in relation to the risk of HCC. Material/Methods We searched the commonly used electronic databases for relevant studies of this association among the Asian population until September 30th, 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to calculate the association. Results A total of 17 case-control studies were screened out, including 2837 HBV-infected patients, of whom 1246 had HCC. The results showed that the frequency of pre-S deletion of HBV in patients with HCC was higher than that in patients without HCC (35.7% vs. 11.5%), indicating the prevalence of this mutation in patients with HCC. Statistically significant correlations were observed for pre-S deletion mutation and risk of HCC in a random-effects model (OR=3.90, 95% CI=2.80–5.44, P<0.00001). This association was also found in Chinese populations (OR=4.84, 95% CI=2.86–8.20, P<0.00001). Conclusions Our data indicate that HBV pre-S deletion mutations might be associated with HCC risk. Their oncogenic role may be important in studying the potential mechanism of HBV hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Zhu
- The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
| | - Allan Z Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chunhua Sun
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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The emerging role of hepatitis B virus pre-S2 deletion mutant proteins in HBV tumorigenesis. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:98. [PMID: 25316153 PMCID: PMC4200140 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of HBV tumorigenesis, including inflammation and liver regeneration associated with cytotoxic immune injuries and transcriptional activators of mutant HBV gene products. The mutant viral oncoprotein-driven tumorigenesis is prevailed at the advanced stage or anti-HBe-positive phase of chronic HBV infection. Besides HBx, the pre-S2 (deletion) mutant protein represents a newly recognized oncoprotein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and manifests as type II ground glass hepatocytes (GGH). The retention of pre-S2 mutant protein in ER can induce ER stress and initiate an ER stress-dependent VEGF/Akt/mTOR and NFκB/COX-2 signal pathway. Additionally, the pre-S2 mutant large surface protein can induce an ER stress-independent pathway to transactivate JAB-1/p27/RB/cyclin A,D pathway, leading to growth advantage of type II GGH. The pre-S2 mutant protein-induced ER stress can also cause DNA damage, centrosome overduplication, and genomic instability. In 5-10% of type II GGHs, there is co-expression of pre-S2 mutant protein and HBx antigen which exhibited enhanced oncogenic effects in transgenic mice. The mTOR signal cascade is consistently activated throughout the course of pre-S2 mutant transgenic livers and in human HCC tissues, leading to metabolic disorders and HCC tumorigenesis. Clinically, the presence of pre-S2 deletion mutants in sera frequently develop resistance to nucleoside analogues anti-virals and predict HCC development. The pre-S2 deletion mutants and type II GGHs therefore represent novel biomarkers of HBV-related HCCs. A versatile DNA array chip has been developed to detect pre-S2 mutants in serum. Overall, the presence of pre-S2 mutants in serum has implications for anti-viral treatment and can predict HCC development. Targeting at pre-S2 mutant protein-induced, ER stress-dependent, mTOR signal cascade and metabolic disorders may offer potential strategy for chemoprevention or therapy in high risk chronic HBV carriers.
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Zhao ZM, Jin Y, Gan Y, Zhu Y, Chen TY, Wang JB, Sun Y, Cao ZG, Qian GS, Tu H. Novel approach to identifying the hepatitis B virus pre-S deletions associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13573-13581. [PMID: 25309088 PMCID: PMC4188909 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop a novel non-sequencing method for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S deletion mutants in HBV carriers.
METHODS: The entire region of HBV pre-S1 and pre-S2 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The size of PCR products was subsequently determined by capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). CGE were carried out in a PACE-MDQ instrument equipped with a UV detector set at 254 nm. The samples were separated in 50 μm ID eCAP Neutral Coated Capillaries using a voltage of 6 kV for 30 min. Data acquisition and analysis were performed using the 32 Karat Software. A total of 114 DNA clones containing different sizes of the HBV pre-S gene were used to determine the accuracy of the CGE method. One hundred and fifty seven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 160 non-HCC patients were recruited into the study to assess the association between HBV pre-S deletion and HCC by using the newly-established CGE method. Nine HCC cases with HBV pre-S deletion at the diagnosis year were selected to conduct a longitudinal observation using serial serum samples collected 2-9 years prior to HCC diagnosis.
RESULTS: CGE allowed the separation of PCR products differing in size > 3 bp and was able to identify 10% of the deleted DNA in a background of wild-type DNA. The accuracy rate of CGE-based analysis was 99.1% compared with the clone sequencing results. Using this assay, pre-S deletion was more frequently found in HCC patients than in non-HCC controls (47.1% vs 28.1%, P < 0.001). Interestingly, the increased risk of HCC was mainly contributed by the short deletion of pre-S. While the deletion ≤ 99 bp was associated with a 2.971-fold increased risk of HCC (95%CI: 1.723-5.122, P < 0.001), large deletion (> 99 bp) did not show any association with HCC (P = 0.918, OR = 0.966, 95%CI: 0.501-1.863). Of the 9 patients who carried pre-S deletions at the stage of HCC, 88.9% (8/9) had deletions 2-5 years prior to HCC, while only 44.4%4 (4/9) contained such deletions 6-9 years prior to HCC.
CONCLUSION: CGE is a sensitive approach for HBV pre-S deletion analysis. Pre-S deletion, especially for short DNA fragment deletion, is a useful predictive marker for HCC.
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Chang KC, Chang Y, Wang LHC, Tsai HW, Huang W, Su IJ. Pathogenesis of virus-associated human cancers: Epstein–Barr virus and hepatitis B virus as two examples. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 113:581-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Su YH, Lin SY, Song W, Jain S. DNA markers in molecular diagnostics for hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:803-17. [PMID: 25098554 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.946908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world, mainly due to the difficulty of early detection and limited therapeutic options. The implementation of HCC surveillance programs in well-defined, high-risk populations were only able to detect about 40-50% of HCC at curative stages (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages 0 & 1) due to the low sensitivities of the current screening methods. The advance of sequencing technologies has identified numerous modifications as potential candidate DNA markers for diagnosis/surveillance. Here we aim to provide an overview of the DNA alterations that result in activation of cancer pathways known to potentially drive HCC carcinogenesis and to summarize performance characteristics of each DNA marker in the periphery (blood or urine) for HCC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiu Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Philadelphia, PA 18902, USA
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Xu HZ, Liu YP, Guleng B, Ren JL. Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Interventions. Gastrointest Tumors 2014; 1:135-45. [PMID: 26676160 DOI: 10.1159/000365307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of most important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Indeed, HBV is considered a group 1 human carcinogen and is a highly oncogenic agent. HBV cannot be effectively controlled or completely eliminated, so chronic HBV infection is a public health challenge worldwide. SUMMARY It is now believed that HBV-induced HCC involves a complex interaction between multiple viral and host factors. Many factors contribute to HBV-associated HCC, including products of HBV, viral integration and mutation, and host susceptibility. This review outlines the main pathogenic mechanisms with a focus on those that suggest novel targets for the prevention and treatment of HCC. KEY MESSAGE HBV infection is an important risk factor for HCC. Understanding the interaction between viral and host factors in HBV-induced HCC will reveal potential targets for future therapies. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The two main therapeutic strategies consist of antiviral agents and immunotherapy-based approaches. Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy is promising for restoring the T cell-mediated antiviral immune response. Another approach is the specific expansion of the host's pool of HBV-specific T cells. Stimulation of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR9, provides another means of boosting the antiviral response. Combination therapy with cytokines (interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) plus lamivudine is more effective than these agents used alone. Therapeutic vaccines are being developed as an alternative to long-term antiviral treatment or as an adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bayasi Guleng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ; Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-Lin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Qu LS, Liu JX, Liu TT, Shen XZ, Chen TY, Ni ZP, Lu CH. Association of hepatitis B virus pre-S deletions with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in Qidong, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98257. [PMID: 24849936 PMCID: PMC4029943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim To investigate the roles of mutations in pre-S and S regions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Qidong, China. Methods We conducted an age matched case-control study within a cohort of 2387 male HBV carriers who were recruited from August, 1996. The HBV DNA sequence in pre-S/S regions was successfully determined in 96 HCC cases and 97 control subjects. In addition, a consecutive series of samples from 11 HCC cases were employed to evaluate the pre-S deletion patterns before and after the occurrence of HCC. Results After adjustment for age, history of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, HBeAg positivity, pre-S deletions, pre-S2 start codon mutations, and T53C mutation were significantly associated with HCC, showing adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from 1.914 to 3.199. HCC patients also had a lower frequency of T31C mutation in pre-S2 gene, compared with control subjects (0.524; 95% CI 0.280-0.982). HBV pre-S deletions were clustered mainly in the 5′ end of pre-S2 region. Multivariate analysis showed that pre-S deletions and pre-S2 start codon mutations were independent risk factors for HCC. The OR (95% CI) were 2.434 (1.063–5.573) and 3.065 (1.099–8.547), respectively. The longitudinal observation indicated that the pre-S deletion mutations were not acquired at the beginning of HBV infection, but that the mutations occurred during the long course of liver disease. Conclusion Pre-S deletions and pre-S2 start codon mutations were independently associated with the development of HCC. The results also provided direct evidence that pre-S deletion mutations were not acquired from the beginning of infection but arose de novo during the progression of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shuai Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Xia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Yang Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Pin Ni
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cui-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Kim BK, Choi SH, Ahn SH, Chung AR, Park YK, Han KH, Kim S, Kim HS, Park JH, Kim KS, Lee HS, Cho YS, Kim KH, Ahn SH. Pre-S mutations of hepatitis B virus affect genome replication and expression of surface antigens. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:843-50. [PMID: 24783251 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS In chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, quantitative HBV surface antigen (qHBsAg) is useful for monitoring viral replication and treatment responses. We aimed to determine whether pre-S mutations have any effect on circulating qHBsAg. METHODS Plasmids expressing 1–8 amino acid deletion in pre-S1 ("pre-S1Δ1-8") and 3-25 amino acid deletion in pre-S2 ("pre-S2Δ3-25") were constructed. At 72 h posttransfection into Huh7 cells, qHBsAg were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. To mimic milieus of quasispecies, we co-transfected either pre-S1Δ1-8 or pre-S2Δ3-25 with wild type (WT). RESULTS Pre-S mutations affected transcription and replication ability of HBV because of altered overlapping polymerase. Compared with WT, extracellular qHBsAg in pre-S1Δ1-8 and pre-S2Δ3-25 were on average 3.87-fold higher and 0.92-fold lower, respectively, whereas intracellular qHBsAg in pre-S1Δ1-8 and pre-S2Δ3-25 were 0.57-fold lower and 1.60-fold higher, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining of cellular HBsAg showed that pre-S1Δ1-8 had less staining and that pre-S2Δ3-25 had denser staining. As ratios of either pre-S1Δ1-8 or pre-S2Δ3-25:WT increased from 0:10 to 10:0 gradually, relative extracellular qHBsAg increased from 1.0 to 3.85 in pre-S1Δ1-8 co-transfection, whereas those decreased from 1.0 to 0.88 in pre-S2Δ3-25 co-transfection. CONCLUSION Pre-S mutations exhibit different phenotypes of genome replication and HBsAg expression according to their locations. Thus, qHBsAg level for diagnosis and prognostification in chronic HBV infection should be used more cautiously, considering emergences of pre-S deletion mutants.
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Liu W, Cao Y, Wang T, Xiang G, Lu J, Zhang J, Hou P. The N-Glycosylation Modification of LHBs (Large Surface Proteins of HBV) Effects on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Cell Proliferation and its Secretion. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e12280. [PMID: 24282423 PMCID: PMC3830522 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutations of LHBs in pre-S, especially in pre-S2, are definitive in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with HBV. However, the mechanisms of the N-glycosylation modification in LHBs are unclear. The N-glycosylation modification of LHBs affects Endoplasmic Reticulum stress, cell proliferation and its secretion which was further studied. OBJECTIVES The objectives of our studies was to indentified that modification of LHBs by N glycosylation modulate their secretion, affect ER stress or expression of cycling, cell cycle and proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The LHBs was mutated; then expression of proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and EAED path of L02 cells affected by LHBs and its mutations was evaluated. LHBs proteins bound to multiubiquitin chains and its glycosylation motif were studied. The subcellular localization and secretion of LHBs and its mutations were identified. The effect on cell cycle and proliferation by LHBs and its mutations were detected. RESULTS These data demonstrated that the N-glycosylation motifs of LHBs were associated with ER stress. The N15S, N123S, and N177S mutated LHBs proteins could induce overexpression of EDEM in L02 cells. LHBs and its mutated proteins contained p62-derived UBA domain, which could affect expression of cyclins. The subcellular localization of LHBs in endoplasmic reticulum was similar to its mutations. The secretion of LHBs was blocked by N320K mutation, which could induce an increase in G1 phase and inhibition of S phase, and inhibited mitotic entry. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our studies powerfully demonstrated that modification of LHBs by N glycosylation could modulate their secretion, affect ER stress or expression of cycling, cell cycle and proliferation. The N320K may be the key sites N-linked glycosylation modification of LHBs. It may be a mechanism of HBV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Cao
- International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyang Lu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors: Peng Hou, Department of Digest, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Tel: +86-1066848191, Fax: +86-1066848191, E-mail: ; Jinqian Zhang, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Tel:+86-1084322622, Fax: +86-1084322622, E-mail: ; Jiangyang Lu, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Tel: +86-1066848193, Fax: +86-1066848193, E-mail:
| | - Jinqian Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors: Peng Hou, Department of Digest, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Tel: +86-1066848191, Fax: +86-1066848191, E-mail: ; Jinqian Zhang, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Tel:+86-1084322622, Fax: +86-1084322622, E-mail: ; Jiangyang Lu, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Tel: +86-1066848193, Fax: +86-1066848193, E-mail:
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors: Peng Hou, Department of Digest, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Tel: +86-1066848191, Fax: +86-1066848191, E-mail: ; Jinqian Zhang, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Tel:+86-1084322622, Fax: +86-1084322622, E-mail: ; Jiangyang Lu, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Tel: +86-1066848193, Fax: +86-1066848193, E-mail:
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Liang T, Chen EQ, Tang H. Hepatitis B Virus Gene Mutations and Hepatocarcinogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:4509-13. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ayub A, Ashfaq UA, Haque A. HBV induced HCC: major risk factors from genetic to molecular level. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:810461. [PMID: 23991421 PMCID: PMC3749539 DOI: 10.1155/2013/810461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly and emerging disease leading to death in Asian countries. High hepatitis B virus (HBV) load and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection increase the risk of developing HCC. HBV is a DNA virus that can integrate DNA into host genome thereby increase the yield of transactivator protein HBxAg that may deregulate many pathways involving in metabolism of cells. Several monogenic and polygenic risk factors are also involved in HCC development. This review summarizes the mechanism involved in HCC development and discusses some promising therapies to make HCC curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Ayub
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Haque
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Li GJ, Harrison TJ, Yang JY, Chen QY, Wang XY, Fang ZL. Combined core promoter mutations and pre-S deletion of HBV may not increase the risk of HCC: a geographical epidemiological study in Guangxi, China. Liver Int 2013; 33:936-43. [PMID: 23517325 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the mechanisms of oncogenesis remain obscure. AIMS To determine whether the findings that HBV basal core promoter (BCP) A1762T, G1764A double mutations, pre-S deletions and a combination of both are risk factors of HCC are supported by geographical epidemiology. METHODS Study subjects were recruited from Long An county, where the incidence of HCC is the highest, and five other counties in Guangxi, where the HCC incidence is lower and varies among them. The Pre-S region and BCP of HBV from all study subjects were amplified and sequenced and the data were analysed using chi-squared tests. RESULTS The prevalence of BCP and pre-S mutations differs significantly (χ(2) = 9.850, 5.135, respectively, all P < 0.01) between Long An and the other counties. However, the prevalence of combined BCP and pre-S mutations does not differ significantly (χ(2) = 1.510, P > 0.05). These mutations are less frequent in the young but the prevalence of pre-S deletions does not increase with age. The prevalence of these mutations does not differ significantly between men and women but is significantly higher in Zhuang than the other ethnic populations. Among the other five counties, the prevalence of BCP mutations in counties where the HCC incidence is high is significantly higher than that of counties where the HCC incidence is low. CONCLUSIONS Combined BCP double mutations and pre-S deletion may not increase the risk of HCC, although these mutations are a risk factor of HCC when they present alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jian Li
- Department of Public Health of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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