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Athukorala A, Helbig KJ, McSharry BP, Forwood JK, Sarker S. An optimised protocol for the expression and purification of adenovirus core protein VII. J Virol Methods 2024; 326:114907. [PMID: 38432358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Adenovirus protein VII (pVII) is a highly basic core protein, bearing resemblance to mammalian histones. Despite its diverse functions, a comprehensive understanding of its structural intricacies and the mechanisms underlying its functions remain elusive, primarily due to the complexity of producing a good amount of soluble pVII. This study aimed to optimise the expression and purification of recombinant pVII from four different adenoviruses with a simple vector construct. This study successfully determined the optimal conditions for efficiently purifying pVII across four adenovirus species, revealing the differential preference for bacterial expression systems. The One Shot BL21 Star (DE3) proved favourable over Rosetta 2 (DE3) pLysS with consistent levels of expression between IPTG-induced and auto-induction. We demonstrated that combining chemical and mechanical cell lysis is possible and highly effective. Other noteworthy benefits were observed in using RNase during sample processing. The addition of RNase has significantly improved the quality and quantity of the purified protein as confirmed by chromatographic and western blot analyses. These findings established a solid groundwork for pVII purification methodologies and carry the significant potential to assist in unveiling the core structure of pVII, its arrangement within the core, DNA condensation intricacies, and potential pathways for nuclear transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajani Athukorala
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Karla J Helbig
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Brian P McSharry
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Subir Sarker
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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Podgorski II, Harrach B, Benkő M, Papp T. Characterization of monkey adenoviruses with three fiber genes. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 108:105403. [PMID: 36610683 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the occurrence of three fiber genes in monkey adenoviruses had already been described, the relatedness of the "extra" fibers have not yet been discussed. Here we report the genome analysis of two simian adenovirus (SAdV) serotypes from Old World monkeys and the phylogenetic analysis of the multiple fiber genes found in these and related AdVs. One of the newly sequenced serotypes (SAdV-2), isolated from a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), was classified into species Human mastadenovirus G (HAdV-G), while the other serotype (SAdV-17), originating from a grivet (Chlorocebus aethiops), classified to Simian mastadenovirus F (SAdV-F). We identified unique features in the gene content of these SAdVs compared to those typical for other members of the genus Mastadenovirus. Namely, in the E1B region of SAdV-2, the 19K gene was replaced by an ITR repetition and a copy of the E4 ORF1 gene. Among the 37 genes in both SAdVs, three genes of different lengths, predicted to code for the cellular attachment proteins (the fibers), were found. These proteins exhibit high diversity. Yet, phylogenetic calculations of their conserved parts could reveal the probable evolutionary steps leading to the multiple-fibered contemporary HAdV and SAdV species. Seemingly, there existed (a) common ancestor(s) with two fiber genes for the lineages of the AdVs in species SAdV-B, -E, -F and HAdV-F, alongside a double-fibered ancestor for today's SAdV-C and HAdV-G, which later diverged into descendants forming today's species. Additionally, some HAdV-G members picked up a third fiber gene either to the left-hand or to the in-between position from the existing two. A SAdV-F progenitor also obtained a third copy to the middle, as observed in SAdV-17. The existence of three fiber genes in these contemporary AdVs brings novel possibilities for the design of optimised AdV-based vectors with potential multiple target binding abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva I Podgorski
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Mária Benkő
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Papp
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Medkour H, Amona I, Akiana J, Davoust B, Bitam I, Levasseur A, Tall ML, Diatta G, Sokhna C, Hernandez-Aguilar RA, Barciela A, Gorsane S, La Scola B, Raoult D, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060657. [PMID: 32570742 PMCID: PMC7354429 DOI: 10.3390/v12060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are known hosts for adenoviruses (AdVs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of AdVs. As with humans, AdV infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of AdVs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different African countries (Republic of Congo, Senegal, Djibouti and Algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in the Republic of Congo, in order to explore the potential zoonotic risks. Samples were screened by real-time and standard PCRs, followed by the sequencing of the partial DNA polymerase gene in order to identify the AdV species. The prevalence was 3.3 folds higher in NHPs than in humans. More than 1/3 (35.8%) of the NHPs and 1/10 (10.5%) of the humans excreted AdVs in their feces. The positive rate was high in great apes (46%), with a maximum of 54.2% in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 35.9% in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), followed by monkeys (25.6%), with 27.5% in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) and 23.1% in baboons (seven Papio papio and six Papio hamadryas). No green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) were found to be positive for AdVs. The AdVs detected in NHPs were members of Human mastadenovirus E (HAdV-E), HAdV-C or HAdV-B, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, with evidence of zoonotic transmission since phylogenetic analysis revealed that gorilla AdVs belonging to HAdV-C were genetically identical to strains detected in humans who had been living around gorillas, and, inversely, a HAdV-C member HAdV type was detected in gorillas. This confirms the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus. which has been reported previously. In addition, HAdV-E members, the most often detected here, are widely distributed among NHP species regardless of their origin, i.e., HAdV-E members seem to lack host specificity. Virus isolation was successful from a human sample and the strain of the Mbo024 genome, of 35 kb, that was identified as belonging to HAdV-D, exhibited close identity to HAdV-D members for all genes. This study provides information on the AdVs that infect African NHPs and the human populations living nearby, with an evident zoonotic transmission. It is likely that AdVs crossed the species barrier between different NHP species (especially HAdV-E members), between NHPs and humans (especially HAdV-C), but also between humans, NHPs and other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub 25100, Algeria
| | - Inestin Amona
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Akiana
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- Superior School of Food Sciences and Food Industries, Algiers 16004, Algeria
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Mamadou Lamine Tall
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Georges Diatta
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- VITROME IRD 198, Campus IRD/UCAD, Hann Les Maristes, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- VITROME IRD 198, Campus IRD/UCAD, Hann Les Maristes, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Raquel Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal;
| | - Amanda Barciela
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal;
| | - Slim Gorsane
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé des Armées des Forces Françaises Stationnées à Djibouti;
| | - Bernard La Scola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- Correspondence:
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Podgorski II, Pantó L, Földes K, de Winter I, Jánoska M, Sós E, Chenet B, Harrach B, Benkő M. Adenoviruses of the most ancient primate lineages support the theory on virus-host co-evolution. Acta Vet Hung 2018; 66:474-487. [PMID: 30264611 DOI: 10.1556/004.2018.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity or complete lack of information on the adenoviruses (AdVs) occurring in the most ancient non-human primates resulted in the initiation of a study for exploring their abundance and diversity in prosimians and New World monkeys (NWMs). In order to assess the variability of these AdVs and the possible signs of the hypothesised virus-host co-evolution, samples from almost every family of NWMs and prosimians were screened for the presence of AdVs. A PCRscreening of 171 faecal or organ samples from live or dead, captive or wild-living prosimians and NWMs was performed. The PCR products from the gene of the IVa2 protein were sequenced and used in phylogeny calculations. The presence of 10 and 15 new AdVs in seven and ten different species of prosimians and NWMs was revealed, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the tentative novel AdVs cluster into two separate groups, which form the most basal branches among the primate AdVs, and therefore support the theory on the co-evolution of primate AdVs with their hosts. This is the first report that provides a comprehensive overview of the AdVs occurring in prosimians and NWMs, and the first insight into the evolutionary relationships among AdVs from all major primate groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva I. Podgorski
- 1 Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- a Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Pantó
- 1 Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- b Laboratory of Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katalin Földes
- 1 Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- c Ankara University Veterinary Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Iris de Winter
- 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Máté Jánoska
- 1 Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Sós
- 3 Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Harrach
- 1 Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Benkő
- 1 Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Lee SY, Kim JH, Seo TK, No JS, Kim H, Kim WK, Choi HG, Kang SH, Song JW. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of a Novel Adenovirus in Antarctic Penguins Collected between 2008 and 2013. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157032. [PMID: 27309961 PMCID: PMC4911161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctica is considered a relatively uncontaminated region with regard to the infectious diseases because of its extreme environment, and isolated geography. For the genetic characterization and molecular epidemiology of the newly found penguin adenovirus in Antarctica, entire genome sequencing and annual survey of penguin adenovirus were conducted. The entire genome sequences of penguin adenoviruses were completed for two Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) and two Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua). The whole genome lengths and G+C content of penguin adenoviruses were found to be 24,630-24,662 bp and 35.5-35.6%, respectively. Notably, the presence of putative sialidase gene was not identified in penguin adenoviruses by Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE-PCR) as well as consensus specific PCR. The penguin adenoviruses were demonstrated to be a new species within the genus Siadenovirus, with a distance of 29.9-39.3% (amino acid, 32.1-47.9%) in DNA polymerase gene, and showed the closest relationship with turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3) in phylogenetic analysis. During the 2008-2013 study period, the penguin adenoviruses were annually detected in 22 of 78 penguins (28.2%), and the molecular epidemiological study of the penguin adenovirus indicates a predominant infection in Chinstrap penguin population (12/30, 40%). Interestingly, the genome of penguin adenovirus could be detected in several internal samples, except the lymph node and brain. In conclusion, an analysis of the entire adenoviral genomes from Antarctic penguins was conducted, and the penguin adenoviruses, containing unique genetic character, were identified as a new species within the genus Siadenovirus. Moreover, it was annually detected in Antarctic penguins, suggesting its circulation within the penguin population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Kun Seo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hankyeom Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kang
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Podgorski II, Pantó L, Papp T, Harrach B, Benkö M. Genome analysis of four Old World monkey adenoviruses supports the proposed species classification of primate adenoviruses and reveals signs of possible homologous recombination. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1604-1614. [PMID: 27010199 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the family Adenoviridae, presently Simian mastadenovirus A is the single species approved officially for monkey adenoviruses (AdVs), whilst the establishment of six further species (Simian mastadenovirus B to Simian mastadenovirus G) has been proposed in the last few years. We examined the genetic content and phylogenetic relationships of four Old World monkey (OWM) AdV types [namely simian AdV (SAdV)-8, -11, -16 and -19] for which it had been proposed that they should be classified into different AdV species: SAdV-11 to Human mastadenovirus G, and the other three viruses into three novel species. By full genome sequencing, we identified gene contents characteristic for the genus Mastadenovirus. Among the 36 ORFs, 2 genes of different lengths, predicted to encode the adenoviral cellular attachment protein (the fibre), were found. The E3 regions contained six genes, present in every OWM AdV, but lacked the E3 19K gene, which has seemingly appeared only in the ape (hominid) AdV lineages during evolution. For the first time in SAdVs, two other exons belonging to the gene of the so-called U exon protein were also predicted. Phylogenetic calculations, based on the fibre-1 and the major capsid protein, the hexon, implied that recombination events might have happened between different AdV species. Phylogeny inference, based on the viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase and the penton base protein, further supported the species classification proposed earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva I Podgorski
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Pantó
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Papp
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Benkö
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Taxonomy proposal for Old World monkey adenoviruses: characterisation of several non-human, non-ape primate adenovirus lineages. Arch Virol 2015; 160:3165-77. [PMID: 26370792 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A species classification regarding Old World monkey adenoviruses is proposed. We determined the nucleotide sequences of PCR-amplified fragments from the genes of the IVa2, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, penton base, and hexon proteins from every simian adenovirus (SAdV) serotype that originated from Old World monkeys for which the full genome sequence had not yet been published. We confirmed that the majority of Old Word monkey SAdVs belong to two previously established species. Interestingly, one is the most recently established human AdV species, Human mastadenovirus G, which includes a single human virus, HAdV-52, as well as SAdV-1, -2, -7, -11, -12, and -15. The other approved species, Simian mastadenovirus A includes SAdV-3, -4, -6, -9, -10, -14, and -48. Several SAdVs (SAdV-5, -8, -49, -50) together with baboon AdV-1 and rhesus monkey AdV strains A1139, A1163, A1173, A1258, A1285, A1296, A1312, A1327 and A1335 have been proposed to be classified into an additional species, Simian mastadenovirus B. Another proposed species, Simian mastadenovirus C has been described for SAdV-19, baboon AdV-2/4 and -3. Our study revealed the existence of four additional AdV lineages. The corresponding new candidate species are Simian mastadenovirus D (for SAdV-13), Simian mastadenovirus E (for SAdV-16), Simian mastadenovirus F (for SAdV-17 and -18), and Simian mastadenovirus G (for SAdV-20). Several biological and genomic properties, such as the host origin, haemagglutination profile, number of fibre genes, and G+C content of the genome, strongly support this classification. Three SAdV strains originating from the American Type Culture Collection turned out to be mixtures of at least two virus types, either of the same species (SAdV-12 and -15 types from Human mastadenovirus G) or of two different species (SAdV-5 types from Simian mastadenovirus B and Human mastadenovirus G).
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8
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Lee SY, Kim JH, Park YM, Shin OS, Kim H, Choi HG, Song JW. A novel adenovirus in Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) in Antarctica. Viruses 2014; 6:2052-61. [PMID: 24811321 PMCID: PMC4036538 DOI: 10.3390/v6052052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (family Adenoviridae) infect various organ systems and cause diseases in a wide range of host species. In this study, we examined multiple tissues from Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica), collected in Antarctica during 2009 and 2010, for the presence of novel adenoviruses by PCR. Analysis of a 855-bp region of the hexon gene of a newly identified adenovirus, designated Chinstrap penguin adenovirus 1 (CSPAdV-1), showed nucleotide (amino acid) sequence identity of 71.8% (65.5%) with South Polar skua 1 (SPSAdV-1), 71% (70%) with raptor adenovirus 1 (RAdV-1), 71.4% (67.6%) with turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3) and 61% (61.6%) with frog adenovirus 1 (FrAdV-1). Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses, CSPAdV-1 was classified as a member of the genus, Siadenovirus. Virus isolation attempts from kidney homogenates in the MDTC-RP19 (ATCC® CRL-8135™) cell line were unsuccessful. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence of new adenovirus species in Antarctic penguins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Yon Mi Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Hankyeom Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul 152-703, Korea.
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
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A novel adenovirus species associated with an acute respiratory outbreak in a baboon colony and evidence of coincident human infection. mBio 2013; 4:e00084. [PMID: 23592261 PMCID: PMC3634605 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00084-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that infect many vertebrate hosts, including humans and nonhuman primates. Here we identify a novel AdV species, provisionally named “simian adenovirus C (SAdV-C),” associated with a 1997 outbreak of acute respiratory illness in captive baboons (4 of 9) at a primate research facility in Texas. None of the six AdVs recovered from baboons (BaAdVs) during the outbreak, including the two baboons who died from pneumonia, were typeable. Since clinical samples from the two fatal cases were not available, whole-genome sequencing of nasal isolates from one sick baboon and three asymptomatic baboons during the outbreak was performed. Three AdVs were members of species SAdV-C (BaAdV-2 and BaAdV-4 were genetically identical, and BaAdV-3), while one (BaAdV-1) was a member of the recently described SAdV-B species. BaAdV-3 was the only AdV among the 4 isolated from a sick baboon, and thus was deemed to be the cause of the outbreak. Significant divergence (<58% amino acid identity) was found in one of the fiber proteins of BaAdV-3 relative to BaAdV-2 and -4, suggesting that BaAdV-3 may be a rare SAdV-C recombinant. Neutralizing antibodies to the other 3 AdVs, but not BaAdV-3, were detected in healthy baboons from 1996 to 2003 and staff personnel from 1997. These results implicate a novel adenovirus species (SAdV-C) in an acute respiratory outbreak in a baboon colony and underscore the potential for cross-species transmission of AdVs between humans and nonhuman primates. Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that infect many animals, including humans and monkeys. In 1997, an outbreak of acute respiratory illness from AdVs occurred in a baboon colony in Texas. Here we use whole-genome sequencing and antibody testing to investigate new AdVs in baboons (BaAdVs) during the outbreak, one of which, BaAdV-3, came from a sick animal. By sequence analysis, BaAdV-3 may be a recombinant strain that arose from a related BaAdV found in baboons nearby in the colony (who were not sick) and yet another unknown AdV. We also found antibodies to these new BaAdVs in baboons and staff personnel at the facility. Taken together, our findings of a new AdV species as the cause of an acute respiratory outbreak in a baboon colony underscore the ongoing threat from emerging viruses that may carry the potential for cross-species transmission between monkeys and humans.
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Roy S, Sandhu A, Medina A, Clawson DS, Wilson JM. Adenoviruses in fecal samples from asymptomatic rhesus macaques, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:1081-8. [PMID: 22709783 PMCID: PMC3376797 DOI: 10.3201/eid1807.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolates contained fiber genes similar to those of adenovirus strains that cause infectious diarrhea in humans. Adenoviruses can cause infectious diarrheal disease or respiratory infections in humans; 2 recent reports have indicated probable human infection with simian adenoviruses (SAdVs). To assess the possibility of animal-to-human transmission of SAdVs, we tested fecal samples from asymptomatic rhesus macaques housed in 5 primate facilities in the United States and cultured 23 SAdV isolates. Of these, 9 were purified and completely sequenced; 3 SAdV samples from the American Type Culture Collection (SAdV-6, SAdV-18, and SAdV-20) were also completely sequenced. The sequence of SAdV-18 was closely related to that of human adenovirus F across the whole genome, and the new isolates were found to harbor 2 fiber genes similar to those of human adenovirus (HAdV) strains HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, which can cause infectious diarrhea. The high prevalence of adenoviruses in fecal samples from asymptomatic rhesus macaques and the similarity of the isolates to human strains indicates the possibility of animal-to-human transmission of SAdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Full genome analysis of a novel adenovirus from the South Polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) in Antarctica. Virology 2011; 422:144-50. [PMID: 22078165 PMCID: PMC7111983 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses have been identified in humans and a wide range of vertebrate animals, but not previously from the polar region. Here, we report the entire 26,340-bp genome of a novel adenovirus, detected by PCR, in tissues of six of nine South Polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki), collected in Lake King Sejong, King George Island, Antarctica, from 2007 to 2009. The DNA polymerase, penton base, hexon and fiber genes of the South Polar skua adenovirus (SPSAdV) exhibited 68.3%, 75.4%, 74.9% and 48.0% nucleotide sequence similarity with their counterparts in turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the entire genome revealed that SPSAdV belonged to the genus Siadenovirus, family Adenoviridae. This is the first evidence of a novel adenovirus, SPSAdV, from a large polar seabird (family Stercorariidae) in Antarctica.
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Novel adenoviruses in wild primates: a high level of genetic diversity and evidence of zoonotic transmissions. J Virol 2011; 85:10774-84. [PMID: 21835802 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00810-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) broadly infect vertebrate hosts, including a variety of nonhuman primates (NHPs). In the present study, we identified AdVs in NHPs living in their natural habitats, and through the combination of phylogenetic analyses and information on the habitats and epidemiological settings, we detected possible horizontal transmission events between NHPs and humans. Wild NHPs were analyzed with a pan-primate AdV-specific PCR using a degenerate nested primer set that targets the highly conserved adenovirus DNA polymerase gene. A plethora of novel AdV sequences were identified, representing at least 45 distinct AdVs. From the AdV-positive individuals, 29 nearly complete hexon genes were amplified and, based on phylogenetic analysis, tentatively allocated to all known human AdV species (Human adenovirus A to Human adenovirus G [HAdV-A to -G]) as well as to the only simian AdV species (Simian adenovirus A [SAdV-A]). Interestingly, five of the AdVs detected in great apes grouped into the HAdV-A, HAdV-D, HAdV-F, or SAdV-A clade. Furthermore, we report the first detection of AdVs in New World monkeys, clustering at the base of the primate AdV evolutionary tree. Most notably, six chimpanzee AdVs of species HAdV-A to HAdV-F revealed a remarkably close relationship to human AdVs, possibly indicating recent interspecies transmission events.
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Chen EC, Yagi S, Kelly KR, Mendoza SP, Maninger N, Rosenthal A, Spinner A, Bales KL, Schnurr DP, Lerche NW, Chiu CY. Cross-species transmission of a novel adenovirus associated with a fulminant pneumonia outbreak in a new world monkey colony. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002155. [PMID: 21779173 PMCID: PMC3136464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are DNA viruses that naturally infect many vertebrates, including humans and monkeys, and cause a wide range of clinical illnesses in humans. Infection from individual strains has conventionally been thought to be species-specific. Here we applied the Virochip, a pan-viral microarray, to identify a novel adenovirus (TMAdV, titi monkey adenovirus) as the cause of a deadly outbreak in a closed colony of New World monkeys (titi monkeys; Callicebus cupreus) at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC). Among 65 titi monkeys housed in a building, 23 (34%) developed upper respiratory symptoms that progressed to fulminant pneumonia and hepatitis, and 19 of 23 monkeys, or 83% of those infected, died or were humanely euthanized. Whole-genome sequencing of TMAdV revealed that this adenovirus is a new species and highly divergent, sharing <57% pairwise nucleotide identity with other adenoviruses. Cultivation of TMAdV was successful in a human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line, but not in primary or established monkey kidney cells. At the onset of the outbreak, the researcher in closest contact with the monkeys developed an acute respiratory illness, with symptoms persisting for 4 weeks, and had a convalescent serum sample seropositive for TMAdV. A clinically ill family member, despite having no contact with the CNPRC, also tested positive, and screening of a set of 81 random adult blood donors from the Western United States detected TMAdV-specific neutralizing antibodies in 2 individuals (2/81, or 2.5%). These findings raise the possibility of zoonotic infection by TMAdV and human-to-human transmission of the virus in the population. Given the unusually high case fatality rate from the outbreak (83%), it is unlikely that titi monkeys are the native host species for TMAdV, and the natural reservoir of the virus is still unknown. The discovery of TMAdV, a novel adenovirus with the capacity to infect both monkeys and humans, suggests that adenoviruses should be monitored closely as potential causes of cross-species outbreaks. Infection from adenoviruses, viruses that cause a variety of illnesses in humans, monkeys, and other animals, has conventionally been thought to be species-specific. We used the Virochip, a microarray designed to detect all viruses, to identify a new species of adenovirus (TMAdV, or titi monkey adenovirus) that caused a deadly outbreak in a colony of New World titi monkeys at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC), and also infected a human researcher. One-third of the monkeys developed pneumonia and liver inflammation, and 19 of 23 monkeys died or were humanely euthanized. The unusually high death rate (83%) makes titi monkeys unlikely to be natural hosts for TMAdV, and the genomic sequence of TMAdV revealed that it is very different from any other known adenovirus. The researcher developed an acute respiratory illness at the onset of the outbreak, and was found to be infected by TMAdV by subsequent antibody testing. A clinically ill family member with no prior contact with the CNPRC also tested positive. Further investigation is needed to identify whether TMAdV originated from humans, monkeys, or another animal. The discovery of TMAdV suggests that adenoviruses should be monitored closely as potential causes of cross-species outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice C. Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shigeo Yagi
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Kristi R. Kelly
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sally P. Mendoza
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Maninger
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ann Rosenthal
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Abigail Spinner
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Bales
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - David P. Schnurr
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas W. Lerche
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Y. Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Roy S, Clawson DS, Adam VS, Medina A, Wilson JM. Construction of gene transfer vectors based on simian adenovirus 7. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1749-1753. [PMID: 21562118 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.032300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of an isolate of simian adenovirus 7 (SAdV-7) was determined. The genome organization of this isolate was found to be similar to that of other primate adenoviruses with two principal notable points: severe truncation of the E1A and E1B 19K proteins and an E3 region encoding only the 12.5K homologue. The viral gene products of SAdV-7 are most closely related to simian adenovirus 1 (SAdV-1), and like SAdV-1, are related to the human adenovirus species HAdV-F, such as the enteric adenoviruses HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 and the recently defined HAdV-G (HAdV-52). Two kinds of gene transfer vectors were made: a replication-competent SAdV-7-based vector with no genomic deletion, and a standard replication-incompetent vector deleted for E1. Importantly, the E1-deleted vector could be propagated to high titre by trans-complementation in human HEK 293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David S Clawson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginie S Adam
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angelica Medina
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Maluquer de Motes C, Hundesa A, Almeida FC, Bofill-Mas S, Girones R. Isolation of a novel monkey adenovirus reveals a new phylogenetic clade in the evolutionary history of simian adenoviruses. Virol J 2011; 8:125. [PMID: 21414228 PMCID: PMC3068977 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses of primates include human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) isolates classified into 8 species (Human Adenovirus A to G, and Simian Adenovirus A). In this study, a novel adenovirus was isolated from a colony of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and subcultured in VERO cells. Its complete genome was purified and a region encompassing the hexon gene, the protease gene, the DNA binding protein (DBP) and the 100 kDa protein was amplified by PCR and sequenced by primer walking. Sequence analysis of these four genes showed that the new isolate had 80% identity to other primate adenoviruses and lacked recombination events. The study of the evolutionary relationships of this new monkey AdV based on the combined sequences of the four genes supported a close relationship to SAdV-3 and SAdV-6, lineages isolated from Rhesus monkeys. The clade formed by these three types is separated from the remaining clades and establishes a novel branch that is related to species HAdV-A, F and G. However, the genetic distance corresponding to the newly isolated monkey AdV considerably differs from these as to belong to a new, not yet established species. Results presented here widen our knowledge on SAdV and represents an important contribution to the understanding of the evolutionary history of primate adenoviruses.
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Molecular characterization of adenoviruses in fecal samples of captively bred rhesus macaques in China. Vet Microbiol 2010; 149:461-6. [PMID: 21215533 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to study the molecular diversity of simian adenoviruses in nonhuman primate (NHP) populations, we screened a colony of captively bred rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in China for the presence of adenoviral DNA in stool samples. This was done by using the nested PCR method that targeted the adenovirus polymerase gene. Among the 57 animals analyzed, fecal samples from 12 animals were positive for the presence of adenoviral DNA and the PCR fragments were cloned for sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results suggested that the viral DNA clones were primarily segregated into two large groups: SAdV-6 (2 non-redundant sequences) and SAdV-7 (9 non-redundant sequences). In addition, there were three clones with more similarity to SAdV-1, SAdV-3 and HAdV-52 respectively. Our data confirmed the prevalence of adenoviral DNA in the feces of NHPs and revealed the heterogeneity and phylogenetics of the adenoviruses in the gastrointestinal tract of the study animals.
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Wevers D, Leendertz FH, Scuda N, Boesch C, Robbins MM, Head J, Ludwig C, Kühn J, Ehlers B. A novel adenovirus of Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Virol J 2010; 7:303. [PMID: 21054831 PMCID: PMC2989969 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdV) broadly infect vertebrate hosts including a variety of primates. We identified a novel AdV in the feces of captive gorillas by isolation in cell culture, electron microscopy and PCR. From the supernatants of infected cultures we amplified DNA polymerase (DPOL), preterminal protein (pTP) and hexon gene sequences with generic pan primate AdV PCR assays. The sequences in-between were amplified by long-distance PCRs of 2-10 kb length, resulting in a final sequence of 15.6 kb. Phylogenetic analysis placed the novel gorilla AdV into a cluster of primate AdVs belonging to the species Human adenovirus B (HAdV-B). Depending on the analyzed gene, its position within the cluster was variable. To further elucidate its origin, feces samples of wild gorillas were analyzed. AdV hexon sequences were detected which are indicative for three distinct and novel gorilla HAdV-B viruses, among them a virus nearly identical to the novel AdV isolated from captive gorillas. This shows that the discovered virus is a member of a group of HAdV-B viruses that naturally infect gorillas. The mixed phylogenetic clusters of gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo and human AdVs within the HAdV-B species indicate that host switches may have been a component of the evolution of human and non-human primate HAdV-B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wevers
- FG12 Division of Viral Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Bányai K, Esona MD, Liu A, Wang Y, Tu X, Jiang B. Molecular detection of novel adenoviruses in fecal specimens of captive monkeys with diarrhea in China. Vet Microbiol 2009; 142:416-9. [PMID: 19926233 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (AdV) has been recently detected among monkeys with diarrhea in a major research primate colony in China. To better assess disease burden and epidemiology of adenoviruses in the colony, we examined the prevalence of this virus in fecal specimens by PCR using broadly reactive hexon gene-specific primers. Of the 29 strains that were characterized by sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we identified a broad spectrum of simian AdV (SAdV) types, including species SAdV-A (n=14) and HAdV-G (n=9). Six additional strains represented two genetic clusters distantly related to other known SAdVs. A better understanding of the epidemiology of SAdVs and their potential role in gastroenteritis is critical to the implementation of advanced prevention strategies against AdV infection in captive primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bányai
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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Walsh MP, Chintakuntlawar A, Robinson CM, Madisch I, Harrach B, Hudson NR, Schnurr D, Heim A, Chodosh J, Seto D, Jones MS. Evidence of molecular evolution driven by recombination events influencing tropism in a novel human adenovirus that causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5635. [PMID: 19492050 PMCID: PMC2685984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2005, a human adenovirus strain (formerly known as HAdV-D22/H8 but renamed here HAdV-D53) was isolated from an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctititis (EKC), a disease that is usually caused by HAdV-D8, -D19, or -D37, not HAdV-D22. To date, a complete change of tropism compared to the prototype has never been observed, although apparent recombinant strains of other viruses from species Human adenovirus D (HAdV-D) have been described. The complete genome of HAdV-D53 was sequenced to elucidate recombination events that lead to the emergence of a viable and highly virulent virus with a modified tropism. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses of this genome demonstrate that this adenovirus is a recombinant of HAdV-D8 (including the fiber gene encoding the primary cellular receptor binding site), HAdV-D22, (the epsilon determinant of the hexon gene), HAdV-D37 (including the penton base gene encoding the secondary cellular receptor binding site), and at least one unknown or unsequenced HAdV-D strain. Bootscanning analysis of the complete genomic sequence of this novel adenovirus, which we have re-named HAdV-D53, indicated at least five recombination events between the aforementioned adenoviruses. Intrahexon recombination sites perfectly framed the epsilon neutralization determinant that was almost identical to the HAdV-D22 prototype. Additional bootscan analysis of all HAdV-D hexon genes revealed recombinations in identical locations in several other adenoviruses. In addition, HAdV-D53 but not HAdV-D22 induced corneal inflammation in a mouse model. Serological analysis confirmed previous results and demonstrated that HAdV-D53 has a neutralization profile representative of the epsilon determinant of its hexon (HAdV-D22) and the fiber (HAdV-D8) proteins. Our recombinant hexon sequence is almost identical to the hexon sequences of the HAdV-D strain causing EKC outbreaks in Japan, suggesting that HAdV-D53 is pandemic as an emerging EKC agent. This documents the first genomic, bioinformatic, and biological descriptions of the molecular evolution events engendering an emerging pathogenic adenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Walsh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ashish Chintakuntlawar
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Robinson
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ijad Madisch
- Insitut für Virologie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nolan R. Hudson
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, California, United States of America
| | - David Schnurr
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Albert Heim
- Insitut für Virologie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Chodosh
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donald Seto
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Morris S. Jones
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, California, United States of America
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Franqueville L, Henning P, Magnusson M, Vigne E, Schoehn G, Blair-Zajdel ME, Habib N, Lindholm L, Blair GE, Hong SS, Boulanger P. Protein crystals in Adenovirus type 5-infected cells: requirements for intranuclear crystallogenesis, structural and functional analysis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2894. [PMID: 18682854 PMCID: PMC2488365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranuclear crystalline inclusions have been observed in the nucleus of epithelial cells infected with Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) at late steps of the virus life cycle. Using immuno-electron microscopy and confocal microscopy of cells infected with various Ad5 recombinants modified in their penton base or fiber domains, we found that these inclusions represented crystals of penton capsomers, the heteromeric capsid protein formed of penton base and fiber subunits. The occurrence of protein crystals within the nucleus of infected cells required the integrity of the fiber knob and part of the shaft domain. In the knob domain, the region overlapping residues 489-492 in the FG loop was found to be essential for crystal formation. In the shaft, a large deletion of repeats 4 to 16 had no detrimental effect on crystal inclusions, whereas deletion of repeats 8 to 21 abolished crystal formation without altering the level of fiber protein expression. This suggested a crucial role of the five penultimate repeats in the crystallisation process. Chimeric pentons made of Ad5 penton base and fiber domains from different serotypes were analyzed with respect to crystal formation. No crystal was found when fiber consisted of shaft (S) from Ad5 and knob (K) from Ad3 (heterotypic S5-K3 fiber), but occurred with homotypic S3K3 fiber. However, less regular crystals were observed with homotypic S35-K35 fiber. TB5, a monoclonal antibody directed against the Ad5 fiber knob was found by immunofluorescence microscopy to react with high efficiency with the intranuclear protein crystals in situ. Data obtained with Ad fiber mutants indicated that the absence of crystalline inclusions correlated with a lower infectivity and/or lower yields of virus progeny, suggesting that the protein crystals might be involved in virion assembly. Thus, we propose that TB5 staining of Ad-infected 293 cells can be used as a prognostic assay for the viability and productivity of fiber-modified Ad5 vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Franqueville
- Université Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, CNRS-FRE-3011, Lyon, France
| | - Petra Henning
- Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Got-A-Gene AB, Östra Kyviksvägen 18, Kullavik, Sweden
| | - Maria Magnusson
- Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Got-A-Gene AB, Östra Kyviksvägen 18, Kullavik, Sweden
| | - Emmanuelle Vigne
- Sanofi-Avantis, Centre de Recherches de Vitry, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Université de Grenoble Joseph Fourier (UJF), Unit for Virus-Host Cell Interactions, UMR-5233 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, and Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, UMR-5075 CEA-CNRS-UJF, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Nagy Habib
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leif Lindholm
- Got-A-Gene AB, Östra Kyviksvägen 18, Kullavik, Sweden
| | - G. Eric Blair
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Saw See Hong
- Université Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, CNRS-FRE-3011, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Boulanger
- Université Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, CNRS-FRE-3011, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie Médicale, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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22
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Gao L, Qi J. Whole genome molecular phylogeny of large dsDNA viruses using composition vector method. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:41. [PMID: 17359548 PMCID: PMC1839080 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One important mechanism by which large DNA viruses increase their genome size is the addition of modules acquired from other viruses, host genomes or gene duplications. Phylogenetic analysis of large DNA viruses, especially using methods based on alignment, is often difficult due to the presence of horizontal gene transfer events. The recent composition vector approach, not sensitive to such events, is applied here to reconstruct the phylogeny of 124 large DNA viruses. RESULTS The results are mostly consistent with the biologist's systematics with only a few outliers and can also provide some information for those unclassified viruses and cladistic relationships of several families. CONCLUSION With composition vector approach we obtained the phylogenetic tree of large DNA viruses, which not only give results comparable to biologist's systematics but also provide a new way for recovering the phylogeny of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- The Institute of Theoretical Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100080, China
- The T-Life Research Center, c/o Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Qi
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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23
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Jones MS, Harrach B, Ganac RD, Gozum MMA, Dela Cruz WP, Riedel B, Pan C, Delwart EL, Schnurr DP. New adenovirus species found in a patient presenting with gastroenteritis. J Virol 2007; 81:5978-84. [PMID: 17360747 PMCID: PMC1900323 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02650-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An unidentified agent was cultured in primary monkey cells at the Los Angeles County Public Health Department from each of five stool specimens submitted from an outbreak of gastroenteritis. Electron microscopy and an adenovirus-specific monoclonal antibody confirmed this agent to be an adenovirus. Since viral titers were too low, complete serotyping was not possible. Using the DNase-sequence-independent viral nucleic acid amplification method, we identified several nucleotide sequences with a high homology to human adenovirus 41 (HAdV-41) and simian adenovirus 1 (SAdV-1). However, using anti-SAdV-1 sera, it was determined that this virus was serologically different than SAdV-1. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that this new adenovirus was so divergent from the known human adenoviruses that it was not only a new type but also represented a new species (human adenovirus G). In a retrospective clinical study, this new virus was detected by PCR in one additional patient from a separate gastroenteritis outbreak. This study suggests that HAdV-52 may be one of many agents causing gastroenteritis of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Saffold Jones
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535, USA.
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24
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Harrach B, Benko M. Phylogenetic analysis of adenovirus sequences. METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2007; 131:299-334. [PMID: 17656792 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-277-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the family Adenoviridae have been isolated from a large variety of hosts, including representatives from every major vertebrate class from fish to mammals. The high prevalence, together with the fairly conserved organization of the central part of their genomes, make the adenoviruses one of (if not the) best models for studying viral evolution on a larger time scale. Phylogenetic calculation can infer the evolutionary distance among adenovirus strains on serotype, species, and genus levels, thus helping the establishment of a correct taxonomy on the one hand, and speeding up the process of typing new isolates on the other. Initially, four major lineages corresponding to four genera were recognized. Later, the demarcation criteria of lower taxon levels, such as species or types, could also be defined with phylogenetic calculations. A limited number of possible host switches have been hypothesized and convincingly supported. Application of the web-based BLAST and MultAlin programs and the freely available PHYLIP package, along with the TreeView program, enables everyone to make correct calculations. In addition to step-by-step instruction on how to perform phylogenetic analysis, critical points where typical mistakes or misinterpretation of the results might occur will be identified and hints for their avoidance will be provided.
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25
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Zhang Q, Su X, Gong S, Zeng Q, Zhu B, Wu Z, Peng T, Zhang C, Zhou R. Comparative genomic analysis of two strains of human adenovirus type 3 isolated from children with acute respiratory infection in southern China. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:1531-1541. [PMID: 16690917 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) is a causative agent of acute respiratory disease, which is prevalent throughout the world, especially in Asia. Here, the complete genome sequences of two field strains of HAdV-3 (strains GZ1 and GZ2) isolated from children with acute respiratory infection in southern China are reported (GenBank accession nos DQ099432 and DQ105654, respectively). The genomes were 35,273 bp (GZ1) and 35,269 bp (GZ2) and both had a G+C content of 51 mol%. They shared 99% nucleotide identity and the four early and five late regions that are characteristic of human adenoviruses. Thirty-nine protein- and two RNA-coding sequences were identified in the genome sequences of both strains. Protein pX had a predicted molecular mass of 8.3 kDa in strain GZ1; this was lower (7.6 kDa) in strain GZ2. Both strains contained 10 short inverted repeats, in addition to their inverted terminal repeats (111 bp). Comparative whole-genome analysis revealed 93 mismatches and four insertions/deletions between the two strains. Strain GZ1 infection produced a typical cytopathic effect, whereas strain GZ2 did not; non-synonymous substitutions in proteins of GZ2 may be responsible for this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaobo Su
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, LED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiyi Zeng
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zaohe Wu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, LED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Chuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, LED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China
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26
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Ebner K, Pinsker W, Lion T. Comparative sequence analysis of the hexon gene in the entire spectrum of human adenovirus serotypes: phylogenetic, taxonomic, and clinical implications. J Virol 2005; 79:12635-42. [PMID: 16188965 PMCID: PMC1235814 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.20.12635-12642.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenovirus (AdV) hexon constitutes the major virus capsid protein. The epitopes located on the hexon protein are targets of neutralizing antibodies in vivo, serve in the recognition by cytotoxic T cells, and provide the basis for the classification of adenoviruses into the 51 serotypes known to date. We have sequenced the entire hexon gene from human serotypes with incomplete or no sequence information available (n = 34) and performed a comparative analysis of all sequences. The overall sequence divergence between the 51 human serotypes ranged from 0.7 to 25.4% at the protein level. The sequence information has been exploited to assess the phylogeny of the adenovirus family, and protein distances between the six AdV species (A to F) and among individual serotypes within each species were calculated. The analysis revealed that the differences among serotypes within individual species range from 0.3 to 5.4% in the conserved regions (765 amino acids [aa]) and from 1.5 to 59.6% in the variable regions (154 to 221 aa). Serotypes of different species showed an expectedly greater divergence both in the conserved (5.9 to 12.3%) and variable (49.0 to 74.7%) regions. Construction of a phylogenetic tree revealed three major clades comprising the species B+D+E, A+F, and C, respectively. For serotypes 50 and 51, the original assignment to species B and D, respectively, is not in accordance with the hexon DNA and protein sequence data, which placed serotype 50 within species D and serotype 51 within species B. Moreover, the hexon gene of serotype 16, a member of species B, was identified as the product of recombination between sequences of species B and E. In addition to providing a basis for improved molecular diagnostics and classification, the elucidation of the complete hexon gene sequence in all AdV serotypes yields information on putative epitopes for virus recognition, which may have important implications for future treatment strategies permitting efficient targeting of any AdV serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ebner
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Development of Genetic Diagnostics, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Stracker TH, Lee DV, Carson CT, Araujo FD, Ornelles DA, Weitzman MD. Serotype-specific reorganization of the Mre11 complex by adenoviral E4orf3 proteins. J Virol 2005; 79:6664-73. [PMID: 15890904 PMCID: PMC1112111 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.11.6664-6673.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The early transcriptional region 4 (E4) of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) encodes gene products that modulate splicing, apoptosis, transcription, DNA replication, and repair pathways. Viruses lacking both E4orf3 and E4orf6 have a severe replication defect, partially characterized by the formation of genome concatemers. Concatemer formation is dependent upon the cellular Mre11 complex and is prevented by both the E4orf3 and E4orf6 proteins. The Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 proteins are targeted for proteasome-mediated degradation by the Ad5 viral E1b55K/E4orf6 complex. The expression of Ad5 E4orf3 causes a redistribution of Mre11 complex members and results in their exclusion from viral replication centers. For this study, we further analyzed the interactions of E4 proteins from different adenovirus serotypes with the Mre11 complex. Analyses of infections with serotypes Ad4 and Ad12 demonstrated that the degradation of Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 proteins is a conserved feature of the E1b55K/E4orf6 complex. Surprisingly, Nbs1 and Rad50 were localized to the replication centers of both Ad4 and Ad12 viruses prior to Mre11 complex degradation. The transfection of expression vectors for the E4orf3 proteins of Ad4 and Ad12 did not alter the localization of Mre11 complex members. The E4orf3 proteins of Ad4 and Ad12 also failed to complement defects in both concatemer formation and late protein production of a virus with a deletion of E4. These results reveal surprising differences among the highly conserved E4orf3 proteins from different serotypes in the ability to disrupt the Mre11 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis H Stracker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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28
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Kovács GM, Harrach B, Zakhartchouk AN, Davison AJ. Complete genome sequence of simian adenovirus 1: an Old World monkey adenovirus with two fiber genes. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:1681-1686. [PMID: 15914845 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian adenovirus 1 (SAdV-1) is one of many adenovirus strains that were isolated from Old World monkey cells during poliomyelitis vaccine production several decades ago. Despite the availability of these viruses, knowledge of their genetic content and phylogeny is rudimentary. In the present study, the genome sequence of SAdV-1 (34 450 bp) was determined and analysed. In regions where genetic content varies between primate adenoviruses, SAdV-1 has a single virus-associated RNA gene, six genes in each of the E3 and E4 regions and two fiber genes. SAdV-1 clusters phylogenetically with HAdV-40, a member of human adenovirus species HAdV-F, which also has two fiber genes. However, based on phylogenetic distances and other taxonomic criteria, SAdV-1 is proposed to represent a novel adenovirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor M Kovács
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexander N Zakhartchouk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E3
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
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29
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Berg M, Difatta J, Hoiczyk E, Schlegel R, Ketner G. Viable adenovirus vaccine prototypes: high-level production of a papillomavirus capsid antigen from the major late transcriptional unit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:4590-5. [PMID: 15767581 PMCID: PMC554749 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500933102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe, effective, orally delivered, live adenovirus vaccines have been in use for three decades. Recombinant derivatives of the live adenovirus vaccines may prove an economical alternative to current vaccines for a variety of diseases. To explore that possibility, we constructed a series of recombinants that express the major capsid protein (L1) of canine oral papillomavirus (COPV), a model for mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Vaccination with virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of recombinant HPV L1 completely prevents persistent HPV infection [Koutsky, L. A., Ault, K. A., Wheeler, C. M., Brown, D. R., Barr, E., Alvarez, F. B., Chiacchierini, L. M. & Jansen, K. U. (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1645-1651], suggesting that L1 expressed from recombinant adenoviruses might provide protective immunity. In our recombinants, COPV L1 is incorporated into adenovirus late region 5 (Ad L5) and is expressed as a member of the adenoviral major late transcriptional unit (MLTU). COPV L1 production by the most prolific recombinant is comparable to that of the most abundant adenoviral protein, hexon. COPV L1 production by recombinants is influenced by Ad L5 gene order, the specific mRNA processing signals associated with COPV L1, and the state of a putative splicing inhibitor in the COPV L1 gene. Recombinant COPV L1 protein assembles into VLPs that react with an antibody specific for conformational epitopes on native COPV L1 protein that correlate with protection in vivo. The designs of these recombinants can be applied directly to the production of recombinants appropriate for assessing immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models and in human trials.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Adenoviridae/ultrastructure
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/biosynthesis
- Capsid Proteins/chemistry
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Dog Diseases/immunology
- Dog Diseases/prevention & control
- Dog Diseases/virology
- Dogs
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Viral
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Microscopy, Electron
- Mutagenesis
- Papillomaviridae/genetics
- Papillomaviridae/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Papillomavirus Infections/veterinary
- Papillomavirus Infections/virology
- Papillomavirus Vaccines
- Protein Conformation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombination, Genetic
- Viral Vaccines/chemistry
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berg
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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30
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2005. [PMCID: PMC2447482 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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