1
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Sigle LT, Jones M, Novelo M, Ford SA, Urakova N, Lymperopoulos K, Sayre RT, Xi Z, Rasgon JL, McGraw EA. Assessing Aedes aegypti candidate genes during viral infection and Wolbachia-mediated pathogen blocking. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:356-368. [PMID: 35112745 PMCID: PMC9081237 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One approach to control dengue virus transmission is the symbiont Wolbachia, which limits viral infection in mosquitoes. Despite plans for its widespread use in Aedes aegypti, Wolbachia's mode of action remains poorly understood. Many studies suggest that the mechanism is likely multifaceted, involving aspects of immunity, cellular stress and nutritional competition. A previous study from our group used artificial selection to identify a new mosquito candidate gene related to viral blocking; alpha-mannosidase-2a (alpha-Mann-2a) with a predicted role in protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation pathways tend to be involved in complex host-viral interactions; however, the function of alpha-mannosidases has not been described in mosquito-virus interactions. We examined alpha-Mann-2a expression in response to virus and Wolbachia infections and whether reduced gene expression, caused by RNA interference, affected viral loads. We show that dengue virus (DENV) infection affects the expression of alpha-Mann-2a in a tissue- and time-dependent manner, whereas Wolbachia infection had no effect. In the midgut, DENV prevalence increased following knockdown of alpha-Mann-2a expression in Wolbachia-free mosquitoes, suggesting that alpha-Mann-2a interferes with infection. Expression knockdown had the same effect on the togavirus chikungunya virus, indicating that alpha-Mann-2a may have broad antivirus effects in the midgut. Interestingly, we were unable to knockdown the expression in Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. We also provide evidence that alpha-Mann-2a may affect the transcriptional level of another gene predicted to be involved in viral blocking and cell adhesion; cadherin87a. These data support the hypothesis that glycosylation and adhesion pathways may broadly be involved in viral infection in Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah T. Sigle
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Matthew Jones
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mario Novelo
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Suzanne A. Ford
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nadya Urakova
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | | | - Zhiyong Xi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. McGraw
- Department of Biology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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2
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Flavivirus NS1 Triggers Tissue-Specific Disassembly of Intercellular Junctions Leading to Barrier Dysfunction and Vascular Leak in a GSK-3β-Dependent Manner. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060615. [PMID: 35745469 PMCID: PMC9228372 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is secreted from infected cells and contributes to endothelial barrier dysfunction and vascular leak in a tissue-dependent manner. This phenomenon occurs in part via disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) lining the endothelium. Additionally, we and others have shown that soluble DENV NS1 induces disassembly of intercellular junctions (IJCs), a group of cellular proteins critical for maintaining endothelial homeostasis and regulating vascular permeability; however, the specific mechanisms by which NS1 mediates IJC disruption remain unclear. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of five flavivirus NS1 proteins, from dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, to the expression and localization of the intercellular junction proteins β-catenin and VE-cadherin in endothelial cells from human umbilical vein and brain tissues. We found that flavivirus NS1 induced the mislocalization of β-catenin and VE-cadherin in a tissue-dependent manner, reflecting flavivirus disease tropism. Mechanistically, we observed that NS1 treatment of cells triggered internalization of VE-cadherin, likely via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and phosphorylation of β-catenin, part of a canonical IJC remodeling pathway during breakdown of endothelial barriers that activates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Supporting this model, we found that a chemical inhibitor of GSK-3β reduced both NS1-induced permeability of human umbilical vein and brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers in vitro and vascular leakage in a mouse dorsal intradermal model. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating NS1-mediated endothelial dysfunction and identify GSK-3β as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of vascular leakage during severe dengue disease.
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3
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miR-573 rescues endothelial dysfunction during dengue infection under PPARγ regulation. J Virol 2022; 96:e0199621. [PMID: 35108097 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01996-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early prognosis of abnormal vasculopathy is essential for effective clinical management of severe dengue patients. An exaggerated interferon (IFN) response and release of vasoactive factors from endothelial cells cause vasculopathy. This study shows that dengue 2 (DENV2) infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) results in differentially regulated miRNAs important for endothelial function. miR-573 was significantly down-regulated in DENV2-infected HUVEC due to decreased Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) activity. Restoring miR-573 expression decreased endothelial permeability by suppressing the expression of vasoactive angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2). We also found that miR-573 suppressed the proinflammatory IFN response through direct downregulation of toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression. Our study provides a novel insight into miR-573 mediated regulation of endothelial function during DENV2 infection which can be further translated into a potential therapeutic and prognostic agent for severe dengue patients. IMPORTANCE: We need to identify molecular factors which can predict the onset of endothelial dysfunction in dengue patients. Increase in endothelial permeability during severe dengue infections is poorly understood. In this study we focus on factors which regulate endothelial function and are dysregulated during DENV2 infection. We show that miR-573 rescues endothelial permeability and is downregulated during DENV2 infection in endothelial cells. This finding can have diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications.
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4
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Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits dengue virus replication by impeding the complete autophagy in a cholesterol-dependent manner. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:284-296. [PMID: 36654334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common mosquito-borne flavivirus, and it affects millions of people globally every year. Currently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment of dengue infection. By screening a natural product library, we identified a novel compound, cyclovirobuxine D (Cvb D), that displays anti-DENV activity. Cvb D inhibits DENV replication in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and protects suckling mice against lethal DENV infection. Mechanistically, Cvb D regulates the expression of genes related to the cellular cholesterol pathway. As a result, Cvb D increases cellular cholesterol synthesis and accumulation, activates mTOR, and inhibits viral-dependent autophagy. Cvb D does not suppress autophagy initiation but impedes the nuclear translocation of the lysosome transcription factor TFEB. In addition, Cvb D restricts the replication of other positive-strand RNA viruses such as Zika virus and Coxsackievirus B3. We speculate that Cvb D could be a broad-spectrum antiviral drug candidate for use against positive-strand RNA viruses that require autophagy for optimal replication.
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5
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McBride A, Chanh HQ, Fraser JF, Yacoub S, Obonyo NG. Microvascular dysfunction in septic and dengue shock: Pathophysiology and implications for clinical management. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2020; 2020:e202029. [PMID: 33447608 PMCID: PMC7773436 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2020.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microcirculation comprising of arterioles, capillaries and post-capillary venules is the terminal vascular network of the systemic circulation. Microvascular homeostasis, comprising of a balance between vasoconstriction, vasodilation and endothelial permeability in healthy states, regulates tissue perfusion. In severe infections, systemic inflammation occurs irrespective of the infecting microorganism(s), resulting in microcirculatory dysregulation and dysfunction, which impairs tissue perfusion and often precedes end-organ failure. The common hallmarks of microvascular dysfunction in both septic shock and dengue shock, are endothelial cell activation, glycocalyx degradation and plasma leak through a disrupted endothelial barrier. Microvascular tone is also impaired by a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide. In vitro and in vivo studies have however demonstrated that the nature and extent of microvascular dysfunction as well as responses to volume expansion resuscitation differ in these two clinical syndromes. This review compares and contrasts the pathophysiology of microcirculatory dysfunction in septic versus dengue shock and the attendant effects of fluid administration during resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela McBride
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Ho Q Chanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sophie Yacoub
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nchafatso G Obonyo
- Critical Care Research Group, Brisbane, Australia.,KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Initiative to Develop African Research Leaders, Kilifi, Kenya
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6
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Tresnaningtyas SA, Sjatha F, Dewi BE. Infectivity and viability of dengue virus infected hepatocytes cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy subject. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2020. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.203433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) can infect and replicate in monocytes, resulting in antibody-dependent enhancement. The liver is the main target of DENV, and the infection mechanisms of DENV include direct cytopathic effects (CPEs) of the virus, mitochondrial dysfunction, and effect of cellular and humoral immune factors in the liver. This study was aimed to explore the infectivity of DENV and viability of human hepatocytes using Huh 7it-1 cells cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
METHODS Huh 7it-1 cells were infected with dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2) New Guinea C strain at multiplicity of infection of 0.5 and 1 FFU/cell, and cocultured in vitro with and without adherent PBMCs. The infectivity of DENV was assessed by immunoperoxidase staining. The viability of Huh 7it-1 cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT, a tetrazole) assay and trypan blue staining. Data were statistically analyzed by ShapiroWilk and analysis of variance for normality significances.
RESULTS The result showed that addition of PBMCs to DENV-2 infected Huh 7it-1 cells decreased the infectivity of DENV (1537%). DENV-2 infection decreased the viability of Huh 7it-1 cells (15.520.8%). Despite the decrease in infectivity of DENV, the addition of PBMCs increased the Huh 7it-1 cells viability (4.510.2%).
CONCLUSIONS Addition of PBMCs to Huh 7it-1 cells that are infected with DENV-2 decreased the infectivity of DENV and increased Huh 7it-1 cells viability.
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7
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Effect of Integrin Binding Peptide on Vascularization of Scaffold-Free Microtissue Spheroids. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:595-605. [PMID: 32710228 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic models via various approaches can be used by therapeutic applications of tissue engineering. Creating an optimal vascular microenvironment in 3D model that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) and providing an adequate blood supply for the survival of cell transplants are major challenge that need to be overcome in tissue regeneration. However, currently available scaffolds-depended approaches fail to mimic essential functions of natural ECM. Scaffold-free microtissues (SFMs) can successfully overcome some of the major challenges caused by scaffold biomaterials such as low cell viability and high cost. METHODS Herein, we investigated the effect of soluble integrin binding peptide of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) on vascularization of SFM spheroids of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vitro-fabricated microtissue spheroids were constructed and cultivated in 0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 4 mM of RGD peptide. The dimensions and viability of SFMs were measured. RESULTS Maximum dimension and cell viability observed in 2 mM RGD containing SFM. Vascular gene expression of 2 mM RGD containing SFM were higher than other groups, while 4 mM RGD containing SFM expressed minimum vascularization related genes. Immunofluorescent staining results indicating that platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression of 2 mM RGD containing SFM was higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SFM spheroids can be successfully vascularized in determined concentration of RGD peptide containing media. Also, soluble RGD incorporated SFMs can be used as an optimal environment for successful prevascularization strategies.
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8
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Majolée J, Kovačević I, Hordijk PL. Ubiquitin-based modifications in endothelial cell-cell contact and inflammation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/17/jcs227728. [PMID: 31488505 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.227728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell-cell contacts are essential for vascular integrity and physiology, protecting tissues and organs from edema and uncontrolled invasion of inflammatory cells. The vascular endothelial barrier is dynamic, but its integrity is preserved through a tight control at different levels. Inflammatory cytokines and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists, such as histamine, reduce endothelial integrity and increase vascular leakage. This is due to elevated myosin-based contractility, in conjunction with phosphorylation of proteins at cell-cell contacts. Conversely, reducing contractility stabilizes or even increases endothelial junctional integrity. Rho GTPases are key regulators of such cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell-cell contacts. In addition to signaling-induced regulation, the expression of junctional proteins, such as occludin, claudins and vascular endothelial cadherin, also controls endothelial barrier function. There is increasing evidence that, in addition to protein phosphorylation, ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) is an important and dynamic post-translational modification that regulates Rho GTPases, junctional proteins and, consequently, endothelial barrier function. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation events in endothelial integrity and inflammation. The picture that emerges is one of increasing complexity, which is both fascinating and promising given the clinical relevance of vascular integrity in the control of inflammation, and of tissue and organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisca Majolée
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Kovačević
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Mariko R, Darwin E, Yanwirasti Y, Hadinegoro SR. The Difference of sVE-Cadherin Levels between Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Patients with Shock and without Shock. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2277-2281. [PMID: 31592274 PMCID: PMC6765090 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus infection is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue virus (DEN-V) consists of 4 serotypes, namely DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. The most feared result of DHF is death. Death in children is caused by hypovolemic shock due to plasma leakage from intravascular to extravascular space due to endothelial dysfunction. AIM This study aims to analyse difference in sVE-Cadherin levels in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) with and without shock. MATERIAL AND METHODS The method of taking samples is consecutive sampling, namely the research subjects obtained based on the order of entry in the hospital with a comparative cross-sectional design. From the results of the calculation using the sample formula, the sample size for each group is set at 32 people. So that the total sample size used for both groups is 64 people. The serum sVE-Cadherin levels using the ELISA method. The statistical test used is the independent t-test. The value of p < 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. RESULTS The result showed that there was no difference in mean sVE-Cadherin levels between DHF patients with shock and without shock (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study concluded that there was no difference in mean of sVE-Cadherin level in DHF patients with shock and without shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinang Mariko
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, General Hospital of Dr M. Djamil, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Eryati Darwin
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | | | - Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Naranjo-Gómez JS, Castillo-Ramírez JA, Velilla-Hernández PA, Castaño-Monsalve DM. Inmunopatología del dengue: importancia y participación de los monocitos y sus subpoblaciones. IATREIA 2019. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
El dengue es una infección viral aguda transmitida por la picadura de mosquitos del género Aedes, la cual produce hasta 100 millones de infecciones anuales en el mundo. Una gran proporción de individuos infectados con el virus presentan infecciones asintomáticas. Sin embargo, de los individuos que desarrollan la enfermedad, el 95 % presentan signos y síntomas similares a una virosis común, que por lo general se autoresuelven (dengue con y sin signos de alarma). El 5 % restante puede evolucionar a manifestaciones graves, caracterizadas por hemorragias, daño orgánico, choque hipovolémico e incluso la muerte (dengue grave).Los monocitos son uno de los blancos principales de la infección producida por el virus del dengue (DENV), los cuales participan en la replicación del mismo y en la producción de una gran variedad de citoquinas que contribuyen con el daño de diferentes tejidos y órganos en respuesta a la infección. Los monocitos se dividen en tres subpoblaciones: clásica (CD14++CD16-), no clásica (CD14+CD16++) e intermedia (CD14++CD16+), las cuales poseen respuestas funcionales contrastantes en diferentes procesos inflamatorios, en cuanto a la producción de mediadores solubles e interacción con el endotelio. Los monocitos no clásicos parecen ser los principales productores de mediadores inflamatorios como el TNF-α y la IL-1β en respuesta a la infección por DENV. Por lo tanto, se propone que cada subpoblación de monocitos debe tener un papel diferencial en la inmunopatología de la enfermedad.En esta revisión se recopilan los principales aspectos de la replicación viral y la inmunopatología del dengue, así como los principales hallazgos referentes al papel de los monocitos en esta infección y además, se propone un papel potencial y diferencial de las subpoblaciones de monocitos.
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11
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ERNAWATI DEWI BETI, DAMAYANTI EVA, MIRAWATI SUDIRO TJAHJANI, SYAHRURACHMAN AGUS. Levels of CXCL10 Chemokine in Dengue Infected Hepatocyte Huh 7 it-1 Cell Line Co-cultured with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. MICROBIOLOGY INDONESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.5454/mi.13.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Ramirez L, Betanzos A, Raya-Sandino A, González-Mariscal L, Del Angel RM. Dengue virus enters and exits epithelial cells through both apical and basolateral surfaces and perturbs the apical junctional complex. Virus Res 2018; 258:39-49. [PMID: 30278191 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the most relevant mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. It has been estimated that 390 million infections of dengue occur each year. Dengue virus (DENV) infection can be asymptomatic or can produce a self-limited febrile illness called dengue fever (DF) or a severe form of the infection called severe dengue. In some viruses, the entry and egress from cells, occur in a specific domain of polarized endothelial and epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated whether the entry and release of DENV was polarized in epithelial cells, and evaluated the effect of DENV infection on cellular junctions of epithelial cells. We used MDCK epithelial cells, which serve as an excellent model to study a functional barrier due to the presence of an apical junctional complex (AJC), and showed that entry and release of DENV from the cells, is bipolar. Additionally, we performed paracellular flux, diffusion of membrane lipid, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays to evaluate the integrity of the AJC during DENV infection. We observed that at later stages of infection, DENV altered the barrier function causing a decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance and the degradation and delocalization of TJ and AJ proteins. The present study contributes to understand how DENV traverse epithelia in order to cause a productive infection, and provides insights into the mechanism of DENV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Mexico; Conacyt, Mexico
| | - Arturo Raya-Sandino
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísicay Neurociencias. CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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13
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Transcytosis Involvement in Transport System and Endothelial Permeability of Vascular Leakage during Dengue Virus Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020069. [PMID: 29419739 PMCID: PMC5850376 DOI: 10.3390/v10020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The major role of endothelial cells is to maintain homeostasis of vascular permeability and to preserve the integrity of vascular vessels to prevent fluid leakage. Properly functioning endothelial cells promote physiological balance and stability for blood circulation and fluid components. A monolayer of endothelial cells has the ability to regulate paracellular and transcellular pathways for transport proteins, solutes, and fluid. In addition to the paracellular pathway, the transcellular pathway is another route of endothelial permeability that mediates vascular permeability under physiologic conditions. The transcellular pathway was found to be associated with an assortment of disease pathogeneses. The clinical manifestation of severe dengue infection in humans is vascular leakage and hemorrhagic diatheses. This review explores and describes the transcellular pathway, which is an alternate route of vascular permeability during dengue infection that corresponds with the pathologic finding of intact tight junction. This pathway may be the route of albumin transport that causes endothelial dysfunction during dengue virus infection.
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14
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Soe HJ, Khan AM, Manikam R, Samudi Raju C, Vanhoutte P, Sekaran SD. High dengue virus load differentially modulates human microvascular endothelial barrier function during early infection. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2993-3007. [PMID: 29182510 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma leakage is the main pathophysiological feature in severe dengue, resulting from altered vascular barrier function associated with an inappropriate immune response triggered upon infection. The present study investigated functional changes using an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system in four (brain, dermal, pulmonary and retinal) human microvascular endothelial cell (MEC) lines infected with purified dengue virus, followed by assessment of cytokine profiles and the expression of inter-endothelial junctional proteins. Modelling of changes in electrical impedance suggests that vascular leakage in dengue-infected MECs is mostly due to the modulation of cell-to-cell interactions, while this loss of vascular barrier function observed in the infected MECs varied between cell lines and DENV serotypes. High levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL11, CX3CL1, CCL2 and CCL20) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1) were differentially produced in the four infected MECs. Further, the tight junctional protein, ZO-1, was down-regulated in both the DENV-1-infected brain and pulmonary MECs, while claudin-1, PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin were differentially expressed in these two MECs after infection. Non-purified virus stock was also studied to investigate the impact of virus stock purity on dengue-specific immune responses, and the results suggest that virus stock propagated through cell culture may include factors that mask or alter the DENV-specific immune responses of the MECs. The findings of the present study show that high DENV load differentially modulates human microvascular endothelial barrier function and disrupts the function of inter-endothelial junctional proteins during early infection with organ-specific cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jen Soe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asif M Khan
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Trauma and Emergency (Academic), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paul Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Evaluation of Serum Level of Interleukin-6 in Patients With Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Zahedan, Iran, From 2012 to 2015. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.28029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Bischoff I, Hornburger MC, Mayer BA, Beyerle A, Wegener J, Fürst R. Pitfalls in assessing microvascular endothelial barrier function: impedance-based devices versus the classic macromolecular tracer assay. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23671. [PMID: 27025965 PMCID: PMC4877919 DOI: 10.1038/srep23671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequently used parameters to describe the barrier properties of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro are (i) the macromolecular permeability, indicating the flux of a macromolecular tracer across the endothelium, and (ii) electrical impedance of ECs grown on gold-film electrodes reporting on the cell layer’s tightness for ion flow. Due to the experimental differences between these approaches, inconsistent observations have been described. Here, we present the first direct comparison of these assays applied to one single cell type (human microvascular ECs) under the same experimental conditions. The impact of different pharmacological tools (histamine, forskolin, Y-27632, blebbistatin, TRAP) on endothelial barrier function was analyzed by Transwell® tracer assays and two commercial impedance devices (xCELLigence®, ECIS®). The two impedance techniques provided very similar results for all compounds, whereas macromolecular permeability readings were found to be partly inconsistent with impedance. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed. We conclude that the complementary combination of both approaches is highly recommended to overcome the restrictions of each assay. Since the nature of the growth support may contribute to the observed differences, structure-function relationships should be based on cells that are consistently grown on either permeable or impermeable growth supports in all experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bischoff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael C Hornburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina A Mayer
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Beyerle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensing, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Calvert JK, Helbig KJ, Dimasi D, Cockshell M, Beard MR, Pitson SM, Bonder CS, Carr JM. Dengue Virus Infection of Primary Endothelial Cells Induces Innate Immune Responses, Changes in Endothelial Cells Function and Is Restricted by Interferon-Stimulated Responses. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:654-65. [PMID: 25902155 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endothelial cell (EC) infection is not widespread during dengue virus (DENV) infection in vivo, the endothelium is the site of the pathogenic effects seen in severe DENV disease. In this study, we investigated DENV infection of primary EC and defined factors that influence infection in this cell type. Consistent with in vivo findings where EC infection is infrequent, only 3%-15% of EC became productively DENV-2-infected in vitro. This low level infection could not be attributed to inhibition by heparin, EC donor variation, heterogeneity, or biological source. DENV-infection of EC was associated with induction of innate immune responses, including increased STAT1 protein, STAT1- phosphorylation, interferon (IFN)-β, OAS-1, IFIT-1/ISG56, and viperin mRNA. Antibody blocking of IFN-β inhibited the induction of OAS1, IFIT1/ISG56, and viperin while shRNA knockdown of viperin enhanced DENV-infection in EC. DENV-infection of EC resulted in increased activity of sphingosine kinase 1, a factor important in maintaining vascular integrity, and altered basal and stimulated changes in barrier integrity of DENV-infected EC monolayers. Thus, DENV productively infects only a small percentage of primary EC but this has a major influence on induction of IFN-β driven innate immune responses that can restrict infection while the EC themselves are functionally altered. These changes may have important consequences for the endothelium and are reflective of pathogenic changes associated with vascular leakage, as seen in DENV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Calvert
- 1 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Karla J Helbig
- 2 School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - David Dimasi
- 3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Michaelia Cockshell
- 3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- 2 School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- 3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- 3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Jillian M Carr
- 1 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide, South Australia
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18
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Gomes L, Fernando S, Fernando RH, Wickramasinghe N, Shyamali NLA, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Sphingosine 1-phosphate in acute dengue infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113394. [PMID: 25409037 PMCID: PMC4237441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular leak is the hallmark of severe dengue infections and leads to complications such as shock and multi-organ failure. Although many mediators have been implicated in the vascular leak in dengue, the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has not been investigated. Metholodology/Principal findings As S1P has been shown to be important in barrier integrity, we assessed the S1P levels in 28 patients with acute dengue and 12 healthy individuals. The S1P levels were significantly lower in patients with acute dengue (p = 0.002) and the levels in patients with grade IV dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) were significantly lower than those with dengue fever (p = 0.005). We then investigated the kinetics of S1P levels throughout the course of the illness in another 32 patients in serum samples obtained twice a day. We found that S1P levels were low throughout the course of illness and S1P levels were <0.5 µM in 12/23 patients with DHF when compared to 1/9 with DF. Conclusions/Significance As S1P has shown to be important in the endothelial barrier integrity and increases transendothelial resistance, low levels of S1P in acute dengue infection are likely to contribute to increased vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laksiri Gomes
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Samitha Fernando
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Randika Heshan Fernando
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilanka Wickramasinghe
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Narangoda Liyanage Ajantha Shyamali
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S Ogg
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Hiyoshi M, Indalao IL, Yano M, Yamane K, Takahashi E, Kido H. Influenza A virus infection of vascular endothelial cells induces GSK-3β-mediated β-catenin degradation in adherens junctions, with a resultant increase in membrane permeability. Arch Virol 2014; 160:225-34. [PMID: 25385175 PMCID: PMC4284391 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiorgan failure with vascular hyperpermeability is the final outcome in the progression of seasonal influenza virus pneumonia and influenza-associated encephalopathy, and it is also common in infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which influenza virus infection causes vascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability remains poorly defined. We investigated the mechanisms of hyperpermeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells infected with influenza A virus (IAV)/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) (H1N1). The levels of β-catenin, a key regulatory component of the vascular endothelial-cadherin cell adhesion complex, were markedly decreased during infection for 28 h, with increments of vascular hyperpermeability measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Lactacystin (at 2 μM), a proteasome inhibitor, inhibited the decrease in β-catenin levels. Since the N-terminal phosphorylation of β-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β is the initiation step of proteasome-dependent degradation, we examined the effects of GSK-3β suppression by RNA interference in endothelial cells. IAV-infection-induced β-catenin degradation was significantly inhibited in GSK-3β-knockdown cells, and transfection of cells with recombinant β-catenin significantly suppressed IAV-induced hyperpermeability. These findings suggest that IAV infection induces GSK-3β-mediated β-catenin degradation in the adherens junctional complexes and induces vascular hyperpermeability. The in vitro findings of β-catenin degradation and activation of GSK-3β after IAV infection were confirmed in lungs of mice infected with IAV PR8 during the course of infection from day 0 to day 6. These results suggest that GSK-3β-mediated β-catenin degradation in adherens junctions is one of the key mechanisms of vascular hyperpermeability in severe influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hiyoshi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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20
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Raekiansyah M, Espada-Murao LA, Okamoto K, Kubo T, Morita K. Dengue virus neither directly mediates hyperpermeability nor enhances tumor necrosis factor-α-induced permeability in vitro. Jpn J Infect Dis 2014; 67:86-94. [PMID: 24647249 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.67.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of endothelial barrier dysfunction in dengue disease remain poorly understood. Endothelial cell (EC) death due to virus infection or in combination with an infection-induced cytokine storm is deemed as one of the major causes of plasma leakage. Using an in vitro model of human endothelia and several dengue virus (DENV) strains (including a clinical isolate), the direct consequence of infection on endothelial permeability was investigated throughout the course of the infection. All employed DENV-2 strains were able to infect and replicate in ECs. Rather than increase endothelial permeability, DENV infection alone enhanced cell barrier integrity up to 7 days postinfection. Improved cell barrier function was mediated by type I interferon activation at the early phase of infection and by the survival advantage of the infected cells at the late phase of infection. Consistent with this phenomenon, DENV infection did not augment tumor necrosis factor-α-induced permeability. Our results prove that DENV infection does not directly account for vascular permeability; DENV neither induces hyperpermeability nor exacerbates the permeabilizing effect of cytokines. The contributory role of other factors on plasma leakage during dengue disease warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhareva Raekiansyah
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University and GCOE Program
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21
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Srikiatkhachorn A, Kelley JF. Endothelial cells in dengue hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 2014; 109:160-70. [PMID: 25025934 PMCID: PMC4148486 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapies to prevent or reverse endothelial dysfunction and vascular leak found in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) have not been identified. In this review we summarize dengue viruses and the spectrum of human disease and highlight evidence of endothelial cell dysfunction in DHF based on studies in patients and mouse and tissue culture models. Evidence suggests that both virus antigen and host immune response, can cause endothelial cell dysfunction and weaken endothelial barrier integrity. We suggest possible therapeutic interventions and highlight how therapies targeting altered endothelial function might be evaluated in animal models and in patients with DHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - James F Kelley
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii, USA
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22
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Tsubokawa M, Sato S. In Vitro Analysis of Human Periodontal Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1135-42. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Liu K, Mao YF, Zheng J, Peng ZY, Liu WW, Liu Y, Xu WG, Sun XJ, Jiang CL, Jiang L. SC5b-9-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial hyperpermeability participates in ventilator-induced lung injury. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:1421-31. [PMID: 23760612 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation with large tidal volumes can increase lung alveolar permeability and initiate inflammatory responses, termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). VILI is characterized by an influx of inflammatory cells, increased pulmonary permeability, and endothelial and epithelial cell death. But the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate VILI remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms that regulate pulmonary endothelial barrier in an animal model of VILI. These data suggest that SC5b-9, as the production of the complement activation, causes increase in rat pulmonary microvascular permeability by inducing activation of RhoA and subsequent phosphorylation of myosin light chain and contraction of endothelial cells, resulting in gap formation. In general, the complement-mediated increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability may participate in VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Liu
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Nautical Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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24
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van de Weg CAM, Pannuti CS, van den Ham HJ, de Araújo ESA, Boas LSV, Felix AC, Carvalho KI, Levi JE, Romano CM, Centrone CC, Rodrigues CLDL, Luna E, van Gorp ECM, Osterhaus ADME, Kallas EG, Martina BEE. Serum angiopoietin-2 and soluble VEGF receptor 2 are surrogate markers for plasma leakage in patients with acute dengue virus infection. J Clin Virol 2014; 60:328-35. [PMID: 24928471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell dysfunction is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of plasma leakage in patients with acute dengue virus (DENV) infection. Several factors, produced by activated endothelial cells, have been associated with plasma leakage or severe disease in patients with infectious diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate which of these markers could serve as a surrogate marker for the occurrence of plasma leakage in patients with acute DENV infection. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study was performed in patients with acute DENV infection in Santos, Brazil. Plasma leakage was detected with X-ray and/or ultrasound examination at admission. Serum levels of soluble endoglin, endothelin-1, angiopoietin-2, VEGF, soluble VEGFR-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were determined using commercially available ELISAs. RESULTS Increased levels of angiopoietin-2, endothelin-1 and MMP-2 and decreased levels of soluble VEGFR-2 were significantly associated with the occurrence of plasma leakage. An unsupervised cluster analysis confirmed that angiopoietin-2 and soluble VEGFR-2 were strongly associated with clinical apparent vascular leakage. CONCLUSION Angiopoietin-2 and soluble VEGFR-2 can serve as surrogate markers for the occurrence of plasma leakage in patients with acute DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia A M van de Weg
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cláudio S Pannuti
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henk-Jan van den Ham
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evaldo S A de Araújo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ana Costa, Rua Pedro Américo 60, Campo Grande 11075-400, Santos, Brazil
| | - Lucy S V Boas
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvina C Felix
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina I Carvalho
- Hospital Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627, CEP 05652-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E Levi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M Romano
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Centrone
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celia L de Lima Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Expedito Luna
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric C M van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 155, CEP 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Byron E E Martina
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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AbuBakar S, Shu MH, Johari J, Wong PF. Senescence affects endothelial cells susceptibility to dengue virus infection. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:538-44. [PMID: 24782642 PMCID: PMC4003538 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the endothelium leading to increased vascular permeability contributes to plasma leakage seen in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). An earlier study showed that senescent endothelial cells (ECs) altered the ECs permeability. Here we investigated the susceptibility of senescing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to dengue virus infection and determined if dengue virus infection induces HUVECs senescence. Our results suggest that DENV type-2 (DENV-2) foci forming unit (FFU) and extracellular virus RNA copy number were reduced by at least 35% and 85% in infection of the intermediate young and early senescent HUVECs, respectively, in comparison to infection of young HUVECs. No to low infectivity was recovered from infection of late senescent HUVECs. DENV infection also increases the percentage of HUVECs expressing senescence-associated (SA)-β-gal, cells arrested at the G2/M phase or 4N DNA content stage and cells with enlarged morphology, indicative of senescing cells. Alteration of HUVECs morphology was recorded using impedance-based real-time cell analysis system following DENV-2 infection. These results suggest that senescing HUVECs do not support DENV infection and DENV infection induces HUVECs senescence. The finding highlights the possible role of induction of senescence in DENV infection of the endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazaly AbuBakar
- 1. Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Hooi Shu
- 1. Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jefree Johari
- 1. Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Laviola L, Orlando MR, Incalza MA, Caccioppoli C, Melchiorre M, Leonardini A, Cignarelli A, Tortosa F, Labarbuta R, Martemucci S, Pacelli C, Cocco T, Perrini S, Natalicchio A, Giorgino F. TNFα signals via p66(Shc) to induce E-Selectin, promote leukocyte transmigration and enhance permeability in human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81930. [PMID: 24349153 PMCID: PMC3857848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells participate in inflammatory events leading to atherogenesis by regulating endothelial cell permeability via the expression of VE-Cadherin and β-catenin and leukocyte recruitment via the expression of E-Selectins and other adhesion molecules. The protein p66Shc acts as a sensor/inducer of oxidative stress and may promote vascular dysfunction. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of p66Shc in tumor necrosis factor TNFα-induced E-Selectin expression and function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Exposure of HUVEC to 50 ng/ml TNFα resulted in increased leukocyte transmigration through the endothelial monolayer and E-Selectin expression, in association with augmented phosphorylation of both p66Shc on Ser36 and the stress kinase c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-1/2, and higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Overexpression of p66Shc in HUVEC resulted in enhanced p66Shc phosphorylation on Ser36, increased ROS and E-Selectin levels, and amplified endothelial cell permeability and leukocyte transmigration through the HUVEC monolayer. Conversely, overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective p66Shc protein, in which Ser36 was replaced by Ala, did not augment ROS and E-Selectin levels, nor modify cell permeability or leukocyte transmigration beyond those found in wild-type cells. Moreover, siRNA-mediated silencing of p66Shc resulted in marked reduction of E-Selectin expression and leukocyte transmigration. In conclusion, p66Shc acts as a novel intermediate in the TNFα pathway mediating endothelial dysfunction, and its action requires JNK-dependent phosphorylation of p66Shc on Ser36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maura Roberta Orlando
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Incalza
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Caccioppoli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Melchiorre
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Leonardini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Tortosa
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Labarbuta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabina Martemucci
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Rider MA, Zou J, Vanlandingham D, Nuckols JT, Higgs S, Zhang Q, Lacey M, Kim J, Wang G, Hong YS. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) midgut infected with o'nyong-nyong virus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 50:1077-1088. [PMID: 24180113 DOI: 10.1603/me12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne pathogens that infect a range of hosts. In humans and other mammals, alphavirus infection can cause severe disease. In mosquito hosts, however, there are generally few symptoms. Little is known about the cellular responses of mosquitoes that allow them to cope with infection. In this investigation, a six-plex tandem mass tagging proteomic approach was used to study protein accumulation changes in the midgut of Anopheles gambiae (Giles) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes infected with o'nyong-nyong virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus). Five hundred thirty-six nonredundant proteins were identified. Twenty-two were found in significantly different quantities in infected midguts compared with controls. Of interest, analysis revealed molecular pathways possibly targeted by virus proteins, such as those involving TAF4 and DNA polymerase phi proteins. Also identified was an FK506-binding protein. FK506-binding protein orthologs have been described as conserved host resistance factors, which suppress dengue and West Nile virus infection in human HeLa cells. This investigation constitutes the first study of the midgut-specific proteome of An. gambiae in relation to alphavirus infection. Our findings offer insight into mosquito immunity, including factors that possibly contribute to the different pathological outcomes observed in vertebrate and insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Rider
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, SL-17, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Bálint Z, Zabini D, Konya V, Nagaraj C, Végh AG, Váró G, Wilhelm I, Fazakas C, Krizbai IA, Heinemann A, Olschewski H, Olschewski A. Double-stranded RNA attenuates the barrier function of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63776. [PMID: 23755110 PMCID: PMC3670875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating RNA may result from excessive cell damage or acute viral infection and can interact with vascular endothelial cells. Despite the obvious clinical implications associated with the presence of circulating RNA, its pathological effects on endothelial cells and the governing molecular mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. We analyzed the effects of double stranded RNA on primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs). The effect of natural and synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) on hPAECs was investigated using trans-endothelial electric resistance, molecule trafficking, calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, gene expression and proliferation studies. Furthermore, the morphology and mechanical changes of the cells caused by synthetic dsRNA was followed by in-situ atomic force microscopy, by vascular-endothelial cadherin and F-actin staining. Our results indicated that exposure of hPAECs to synthetic dsRNA led to functional deficits. This was reflected by morphological and mechanical changes and an increase in the permeability of the endothelial monolayer. hPAECs treated with synthetic dsRNA accumulated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, the proliferation rate of the cells in the presence of synthetic dsRNA was significantly decreased. Furthermore, we found that natural and synthetic dsRNA modulated Ca2+ signaling in hPAECs by inhibiting the sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) which is involved in the regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and thus cell growth. Even upon synthetic dsRNA stimulation silencing of SERCA3 preserved the endothelial monolayer integrity. Our data identify novel mechanisms by which dsRNA can disrupt endothelial barrier function and these may be relevant in inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Bálint
- Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Diana Zabini
- Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Konya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Attila G. Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Váró
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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HIV-1 Tat C modulates expression of miRNA-101 to suppress VE-cadherin in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Neurosci 2013; 33:5992-6000. [PMID: 23554480 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4796-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection leads to the development of HIV-associated neurological disorders. The HIV-1 Tat protein has been reported to exert an adverse effect on blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability. Perturbation in permeability is mainly caused by disruptions in adherens junctions and tight junction proteins. We have identified HIV-1 Tat C-induced disruption of VE-cadherin mediated by miRNA-101 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs). HIV-1 Tat C increased the expression of miR-101, which led to downregulation of VE-cadherin. Overexpression of miR-101 resulted into the suppression of VE-cadherin. Inhibition of miR-101 by the miRNA inhibitor enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin. We have demonstrated that VE-cadherin is a direct target of miR-101 using a luciferase reporter assay, which showed that mutated VE-cadherin 3'UTR and miR-101 cotransfection did not change luciferase activity. By overexpression and knockdown of miR-101, we have demonstrated that the expression level of claudin-5 is governed by the expression of VE-cadherin. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for the regulation of barrier permeability by miR-101 via posttranscriptional regulation of VE-cadherin in human BMVECs exposed to the HIV-1 Tat C protein.
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The cytokine response of U937-derived macrophages infected through antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus disrupts cell apical-junction complexes and increases vascular permeability. J Virol 2013; 87:7486-501. [PMID: 23616663 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00085-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe dengue (SD) is a life-threatening complication of dengue that includes vascular permeability syndrome (VPS) and respiratory distress. Secondary infections are considered a risk factor for developing SD, presumably through a mechanism called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Despite extensive studies, the molecular bases of how ADE contributes to SD and VPS are largely unknown. This work compares the cytokine responses of differentiated U937 human monocytic cells infected directly with dengue virus (DENV) or in the presence of enhancing concentrations of a humanized monoclonal antibody recognizing protein E (ADE-DENV infection). Using a cytometric bead assay, ADE-DENV-infected cells were found to produce significantly higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), than cells directly infected. The capacity of conditioned supernatants (conditioned medium [CM]) to disrupt tight junctions (TJs) in MDCK cell cultures was evaluated. Exposure of MDCK cell monolayers to CM collected from ADE-DENV-infected cells (ADE-CM) but not from cells infected directly led to a rapid loss of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and to delocalization and degradation of apical-junction complex proteins. Depletion of either TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-12p70 from CM from ADE-DENV-infected cells fully reverted the disrupting effect on TJs. Remarkably, mice injected intraperitoneally with ADE-CM showed increased vascular permeability in sera and lungs, as indicated by an Evans blue quantification assay. These results indicate that the cytokine response of U937-derived macrophages to ADE-DENV infection shows an increased capacity to disturb TJs, while results obtained with the mouse model suggest that such a response may be related to the vascular plasma leakage characteristic of SD.
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31
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Wan R, Guo R, Chen C, Jin L, Zhu C, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Li S. Urocortin increased LPS-induced endothelial permeability by regulating the cadherin-catenin complex via corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 2. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1295-303. [PMID: 23168683 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin (Ucn1), a member of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) family, has been reported to be upregulated in inflammatory diseases and function as an autocrine or paracrine inflammatory mediator. Growing evidence shows that Ucn1 increases the endothelial permeability in inflammatory conditions; however, the detailed mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of increased endothelial permeability by Ucn1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pretreatment of HUVECs with Ucn1 increased the endothelial cell permeability, which was augmented by LPS synergistically. Significant downregulation of VE-cadherin expression was also observed. Moreover, Ucn1 increased phosphorylation of protein kinase D (PKD) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in a time- and CRHR(2) -dependent manner. Inhibition of PKD and HSP27 drastically attenuated Ucn1-induced downregulation of VE-cadherin expression. Further investigations demonstrated that Ucn1 phosphorylated β-catenin at Ser552 to disrupt the cadherin-catenin complex and hence promote the disassociation of β-catenin and VE-cadherin. Disassociation of β-catenin and VE-cadherin resulted in decreased VE-cadherin expression while on the contrary β-catenin was increased, which may due to the inactivation of GSK-3β. Increased β-catenin translocated into the nucleus and subsequently bound to TCF/LEF site, contributing to the elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The above effects of Ucn1 were completely reversed by CRHR(2) receptor blocker, antisauvagine-30. Taken together, our data suggest that Ucn1 increase LPS-induced endothelial permeability by disrupting the VE-cadherin-β-catenin complex via activation of CRHR(2) and PKD-HSP27 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Diseases and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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32
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Roles for endothelial cells in dengue virus infection. Adv Virol 2012; 2012:840654. [PMID: 22952474 PMCID: PMC3431041 DOI: 10.1155/2012/840654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses cause two severe diseases that alter vascular fluid barrier functions, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The endothelium is the primary fluid barrier of the vasculature and ultimately the effects of dengue virus infection that cause capillary leakage impact endothelial cell (EC) barrier functions. The ability of dengue virus to infect the endothelium provides a direct means for dengue to alter capillary permeability, permit virus replication, and induce responses that recruit immune cells to the endothelium. Recent studies focused on dengue virus infection of primary ECs have demonstrated that ECs are efficiently infected, rapidly produce viral progeny, and elicit immune enhancing cytokine responses that may contribute to pathogenesis. Furthermore, infected ECs have also been implicated in enhancing viremia and immunopathogenesis within murine dengue disease models. Thus dengue-infected ECs have the potential to directly contribute to immune enhancement, capillary permeability, viremia, and immune targeting of the endothelium. These effects implicate responses of the infected endothelium in dengue pathogenesis and rationalize therapeutic targeting of the endothelium and EC responses as a means of reducing the severity of dengue virus disease.
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33
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Dengue hemorrhagic fever-associated immunomediators induced via maturation of dengue virus nonstructural 4B protein in monocytes modulate endothelial cell adhesion molecules and human microvascular endothelial cells permeability. Virology 2011; 422:326-37. [PMID: 22129847 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural 4B protein (NS4B) induced dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)-associated immunomediators in THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, cleavage of NS4AB polyprotein by the NS2B3 protease, significantly increased immunomediator production to levels found after DENV infection. In this report using primary human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) transwell permeability model and HMVEC monolayer, we demonstrate that the immunomediators secreted in the supernatants of DENV-infected monocytes increase HMVEC permeability and expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. Moreover, maturation of NS4B via cleavage of 2KNS4B is sufficient to induce immunomediators that cause HMVEC phenotypic changes, which appear to be synergistically induced by TNFα and IL-8. These data suggest that therapies targeting the maturation steps of NS4B, particularly 2KNS4B processing, may reduce overall DHF-associated immunomediator levels, thereby reducing DHF-associated morbidity and mortality. Alternatively, TNFα inhibitors may be a valid intervention strategy during the later stages of infection to prevent DHF progression.
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34
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Porter A, Phillips G, Smith L, Erwin-Cohen R, Tammariello R, Hale M, DaSilva L. Evaluation of a ricin vaccine candidate (RVEc) for human toxicity using an in vitro vascular leak assay. Toxicon 2011; 58:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Colpitts TM, Cox J, Nguyen A, Feitosa F, Krishnan MN, Fikrig E. Use of a tandem affinity purification assay to detect interactions between West Nile and dengue viral proteins and proteins of the mosquito vector. Virology 2011; 417:179-87. [PMID: 21700306 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
West Nile and dengue viruses are (re)emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality in man. The identification of mosquito proteins that associate with flaviviruses may provide novel targets to inhibit infection of the vector or block transmission to humans. Here, a tandem affinity purification (TAP) assay was used to identify 18 mosquito proteins that interact with dengue and West Nile capsid, envelope, NS2A or NS2B proteins. We further analyzed the interaction of mosquito cadherin with dengue and West Nile virus envelope protein using co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Blocking the function of select mosquito factors, including actin, myosin, PI3-kinase and myosin light chain kinase, reduced both dengue and West Nile virus infection in mosquito cells. We show that the TAP method may be used in insect cells to accurately identify flaviviral-host protein interactions. Our data also provides several targets for interrupting flavivirus infection in mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya M Colpitts
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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36
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Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes viral hemorrhagic fever with high case-fatality rates and is geographically widely distributed. Due to the requirement for a biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory and the lack of an animal model, knowledge of the viral pathogenesis is limited. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is characterized by hemorrhage and vascular permeability, indicating the involvement of endothelial cells (ECs). The interplay between ECs and CCHFV is therefore important for understanding the pathogenesis of CCHF. In a previous study, we found that CCHFV-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) activated ECs; however, the direct effect of CCHFV on ECs was not investigated. Here, we report that ECs are activated upon infection, as demonstrated by upregulation of mRNA levels for E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). Protein levels and cell surface expression of ICAM1 responded in a dose-dependent manner to increasing CCHFV titers with concomitant increase in leukocyte adhesion. Furthermore, we examined vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin in CCHFV-infected ECs by different approaches. Infected ECs released higher levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8; however, stimulation of resting ECs with supernatants derived from infected ECs did not result in increased ICAM1 expression. Interestingly, the moDC-mediated activation of ECs was abrogated by addition of neutralizing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antibody to moDC supernatants, thereby identifying this soluble mediator as the key cytokine causing EC activation. We conclude that CCHFV can exert both direct and indirect effects on ECs.
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Le Guelte A, Gavard J. Role of endothelial cell-cell junctions in endothelial permeability. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 763:265-79. [PMID: 21874458 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-191-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial barrier separates the inner blood compartment from the surrounding tissues. At the molecular level, adhesion molecules accumulate at the endothelial cell-cell junction and contribute to maintain vascular integrity. An increase in the endothelial permeability is frequently associated with the deregulation of junctional adhesion. Here, we review how to evaluate the in vitro functions of endothelial cell-cell contacts. We focus this chapter on cell imagery and biochemical analysis of VE-cadherin, the main constituent of adherens junction, and we also provide description of endothelial cell models and methods for studying tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Le Guelte
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-CNRS 8104, Paris, France
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38
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Dengue virus infection of mast cells triggers endothelial cell activation. J Virol 2010; 85:1145-50. [PMID: 21068256 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01630-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular perturbation is a hallmark of severe forms of dengue disease. We show here that antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection of primary human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMCs) and the human mast cell-like line HMC-1 results in the release of factor(s) which activate human endothelial cells, as evidenced by increased expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Endothelial cell activation was prevented by pretreatment of mast cell-derived supernatants with a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-specific blocking antibody, thus identifying TNF as the endothelial cell-activating factor. Our findings suggest that mast cells may represent an important source of TNF, promoting vascular endothelial perturbation following antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection.
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Kanlaya R, Pattanakitsakul SN, Sinchaikul S, Chen ST, Thongboonkerd V. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is important for dengue virus infection in primary human endothelial cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:4960-71. [PMID: 20718508 DOI: 10.1021/pr100219y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are the most severe forms of dengue virus infection with hemorrhage and plasma leakage. However, pathogenic mechanisms of DHF and DSS remain poorly understood. We therefore investigated host responses as determined by changes in the cellular proteome of primary human endothelial cells upon infection with dengue virus serotype 2 (DEN-2) at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 for 24 h. Two-dimensional PAGE and quantitative intensity analysis revealed 38 significantly altered protein spots (16 upregulated and 22 downregulated) in DEN-2-infected cells compared to mock controls. These altered proteins were successfully identified by mass spectrometry, including those involved in oxidative stress response, transcription and translation, cytoskeleton assembly, protein degradation, cell growth regulation, apoptosis, cellular metabolism, and antiviral response. The proteomic data were validated by Western blot analyses [upregulated ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 (UBE1) and downregulated annexin A2] and an immunofluorescence study (upregulated MxA). Interestingly, we found that MxA was colocalized with DEN-2 viral capsid protein, strengthening its role as an antiviral protein. Moreover, we also identified upregulation of a proteasome subunit. Our functional study revealed the significant role of ubiquitination in dengue infection and UBE1 inhibition by its specific inhibitor (UBEI-41) caused a significant reduction in the level of viral protein synthesis and its infectivity. Our findings suggest that various biological processes were triggered in response to dengue infection, particularly antiviral IFN and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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40
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Oliveira GA, Machado RC, Horvat JV, Gomes LE, Guerra LR, Vandesteen L, Oliveira FT, Lousada NS, Moreira-Silva S, de Fatima Ceolin M. Transient reticular gallbladder wall thickening in severe dengue fever: a reliable sign of plasma leakage. Pediatr Radiol 2010; 40:720-4. [PMID: 20012951 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-009-1489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever (DF) is an acute infection caused by a flavivirus. Although most patients present mild symptoms, some progress to a severe condition characterized by hypovolemic shock and hemorrhagic phenomena. The main feature of this severe form of DF is plasma leakage. Gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT), ascites and pleural effusion represent the sonographic triad of plasma leakage in DF. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the plasma leakage triad in severe DF with emphasis on the GBWT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-seven children with severe DF underwent abdominal US on the day of admittance and on the day of discharge, or 7 days after the first examination if the child was still hospitalized. RESULTS Of the 37 children, 33 (89.2%) presented GBWT, 29 (78.4%) ascites and 26 (70.3%) pleural effusion. All of these findings had resolved by the second examination. Of the 33 GBWTs, 29 (87.9%) presented a reticular pattern, which could be considered typical of plasma leakage in patients with severe DF. CONCLUSION GBWT, ascites and pleural effusion are transient findings in DF. The authors have described a typical reticular pattern of GBWT that can be used to diagnose and follow up on patients with severe DF and should not be considered an acalculous cholecystitis.
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Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV), a group of four serologically distinct but related flaviviruses, are the cause of one of the most important emerging viral diseases. DENV infections result in a wide spectrum of clinical disease including dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), a viral haemorrhagic disease characterised by bleeding and plasma leakage. The characteristic feature of DHF is the transient period of plasma leakage and a haemorrhagic tendency. DHF occurs mostly during a secondary DENV infection. Serotype cross-reactive antibodies and mediators from serotype cross-reactive Dengue-specific T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis. A complex interaction between virus, host immune response and endothelial cells likely impacts the barrier integrity and functions of endothelial cells leading to plasma leakage. Recently the role of angiogenic factors and the role of dengue virus on endothelial cell transcription and functions have been studied. Insights into the mechanisms that confer protection or cause disease are critical in the development of prophylactic and therapeutic modalities for this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, Worcester, MA 01655-0002, USA.
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42
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Achike FI. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway: a potential therapeutic target in dengue haemorrhagic fever. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 35:1135-6. [PMID: 18954330 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Kanlaya R, Pattanakitsakul SN, Sinchaikul S, Chen ST, Thongboonkerd V. Alterations in Actin Cytoskeletal Assembly and Junctional Protein Complexes in Human Endothelial Cells Induced by Dengue Virus Infection and Mimicry of Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2551-62. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Immunology and Immunology Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei,
| | - Sa-nga Pattanakitsakul
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Immunology and Immunology Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei,
| | - Supachok Sinchaikul
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Immunology and Immunology Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei,
| | - Shui-Tein Chen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Immunology and Immunology Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei,
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Immunology and Immunology Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei,
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Arévalo MT, Simpson-Haidaris PJ, Kou Z, Schlesinger JJ, Jin X. Primary human endothelial cells support direct but not antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue viral infection. J Med Virol 2009; 81:519-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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46
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Basu A, Chaturvedi UC. Vascular endothelium: the battlefield of dengue viruses. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2008; 53:287-99. [PMID: 18522648 PMCID: PMC7110366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability without morphological damage to the capillary endothelium is the cardinal feature of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Extensive plasma leakage in various tissue spaces and serous cavities of the body, including the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities in patients with DHF, may result in profound shock. Among various mechanisms that have been considered include immune complex disease, T-cell-mediated, antibodies cross-reacting with vascular endothelium, enhancing antibodies, complement and its products, various soluble mediators including cytokines, selection of virulent strains and virus virulence, but the most favoured are enhancing antibodies and memory T cells in a secondary infection resulting in cytokine tsunami. Whatever the mechanism, it ultimately targets vascular endothelium (making it a battlefield) leading to severe dengue disease. Extensive recent work has been done in vitro on endothelial cell monolayer models to understand the pathophysiology of vascular endothelium during dengue virus (DV) infection that may be translated to help understand the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS. The present review provides a broad overview of the effects of DV infection and the associated host responses contributing towards alterations in vascular endothelial cell physiology and damage that may be responsible for the DHF/DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Basu
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Jin X. Cellular and molecular basis of antibody-dependent enhancement in human dengue pathogenesis. Future Virol 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17460794.3.4.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is gaining increased attention as a major global health problem. It occurs annually in 50–100 million people in more than 100 countries, and places half a million people at risk of life-threatening diseases: dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). The pathogenic mechanisms causing DHF/DSS are not clearly understood. This article reviews cellular and molecular mechanisms that might be responsible for the initiation of the pathogenic processes, including hypotheses for DHF/DSS, dengue-permissive target cells, putative dengue receptors, neutralizing and enhancing antibodies to dengue virus, mechanisms of vascular plasma leakage, innate immune response in dengue infection and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue infection. While reviewing the literature, the article also gives the author’s opinion on perceived areas of importance for future research in human dengue pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jin
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 689, Room 3-5103, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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