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Klafke K, Sanches MM, Sihler W, de Souza ML, Tonso A. Bioreactor Production Process of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Biopesticide. Pathogens 2023; 12:1001. [PMID: 37623961 PMCID: PMC10457946 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) is one of the most important maize pests in the world and the baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), a natural pathogen of this pest, has been used as a biopesticide for its control. At present, in vivo strategies at the commercial scale are employed by multiplying the virus in the host insect in biofactory facilities; however, in vitro large-scale production is an interesting alternative to overcome the limitations of baculoviruses massal production. This study aimed to develop the process of the SfMNPV in vitro production by evaluating the effects of different multiplicities of infection (MOI) and nutritional supplements, morphological and molecular analysis of the infection on the growth of Sf9 cells and virus production. The Bioreactor Stirred Tank Reactor (STR) approach with glutamine-supplemented Sf-900 III serum free culture medium, combined with the MOI of 1.0, showed the best viral production performance, with a specific productivity above 300 occlusion bodies (OBs)/cell and volumetric productivity of 9.0 × 1011 OBs/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Klafke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - William Sihler
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (W.S.); (M.L.d.S.)
| | - Marlinda Lobo de Souza
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (W.S.); (M.L.d.S.)
| | - Aldo Tonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil;
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Moore S, Jukes M. The History of Baculovirology in Africa. Viruses 2023; 15:1519. [PMID: 37515205 PMCID: PMC10383191 DOI: 10.3390/v15071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculovirology has been studied on the African continent for the development of insect virus-based biopesticides and, to a much lesser extent, vaccine production and delivery, since the 1960s. In this review, we focus only on baculoviruses as biopesticides for agricultural pests in Africa. At least 11 species of baculovirus have been discovered or studied on the African continent, some with several distinct isolates, with the objective in most cases being the development of a biopesticide. These include the nucleopolyhedroviruses of Helicoverpa armigera, Cryptophlebia peltastica, Spodoptera exempta, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, and Maruca vitrata, as well as the granuloviruses of Cydia pomonella, Plutella xylostella, Thaumatotibia (Cryptophlebia) leucotreta, Choristoneura occidentalis, and Phthorimaea operculella. Eleven different baculovirus-based biopesticides are recorded as being registered and commercially available on the African continent. Baculoviruses are recorded to have been isolated, researched, utilised in field trials, and/or commercially deployed as biopesticides in at least 13 different African countries. Baculovirus research is ongoing in Africa, and researchers are confident that further novel species and isolates will be discovered, to the benefit of environmentally responsible agricultural pest management, not only in Africa but also elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Moore
- Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 5095, Walmer, Gqeberha 6065, South Africa
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Michael Jukes
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Eroglu GB, Karimi J. Whole genome analysis of a novel Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate (SeMNPV-IR) to Iran. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023; 78:1-12. [PMID: 37363644 PMCID: PMC10091331 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are successful microbial control agents used in the biological control of agricultural pest species, especially in the order Lepidoptera. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua is a popular agricultural pest in the world. S exigua larvae, which are active in the all-summer period, cause economic losses by damaging many crops in agricultural production areas. This article aims to analyze the full genome of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses from Iran (SeMNPV-IR) and to determine the geographical difference between the strains at the genomic level. The full genome of SeMNPV-IR is 135.764 base pairs in length that contained 136 open reading frames (ORFs), and 43.92% G + C content. The seven homologous repeated (hr) regions were identified. In the results of genome-wide phylogenetic analysis, it was determined that the SeMNPV-IR genome isolated from Iran was interestingly close to the genome of the US and Korea isolates. However, there are significant differences in the two hypothetical (Orf 83 and Orf 104) genes. The SeMNPV-IR has a unique homolog repeat region (hr1, 96 bp) that is not found in other SeMNPV genomes, and it also differs in terms of the hr2 region. In silico restriction endonuclease analysis by StuI and SacII enzymes show that there were significant differences between all geographic isolates of SeMNPV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11756-023-01399-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Busra Eroglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, 25200 Turkey
| | - Javad Karimi
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Resmin C, Santos ER, Sosa-Gómez DR, Ribeiro BM, Ardisson-Araújo DMP. Characterization and genomic analyses of a novel alphabaculovirus isolated from the black armyworm, Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Virus Res 2022; 316:198797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hussain AG, Wennmann JT, Goergen G, Bryon A, Ros VI. Viruses of the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: A Review with Prospects for Biological Control. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112220. [PMID: 34835026 PMCID: PMC8625175 DOI: 10.3390/v13112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a native pest species in the Western hemisphere. Since it was first reported in Africa in 2016, FAW has spread throughout the African continent and is now also present in several countries in Asia as well as Australia. The invasion of FAW in these areas has led to a high yield reduction in crops, leading to huge economic losses. FAW management options in the newly invaded areas are limited and mainly rely on the use of synthetic pesticides. Since there is a risk of resistance development against pesticides in addition to the negative environmental and human health impacts, other effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient control alternatives are desired. Insect pathogenic viruses fulfil these criteria as they are usually effective and highly host-specific with no significant harmful effect on beneficial insects and non-target organisms. In this review, we discuss all viruses known from FAW and their potential to be used for biological control. We specifically focus on baculoviruses and describe the recent advancements in the use of baculoviruses for biological control in the native geographic origin of FAW, and their potential use in the newly invaded areas. Finally, we identify current knowledge gaps and suggest new avenues for productive research on the use of viruses as a biopesticide against FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Hussain
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Jörg T. Wennmann
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstr. 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Georg Goergen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Biological Control Centre for Africa, Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin;
| | - Astrid Bryon
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera I.D. Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Sanches MM, Guimarães GC, Sihler W, Souza ML. Successful co-infection of two different baculovirus species in the same cell line reveals a potential strategy for large in vitro production. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1835-1843. [PMID: 34561846 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses have been applied for biocontrol of agricultural pests, such as velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Cell culture is an interesting approach for large-scale production of these viruses. Co-infection of a host cell with two distinct viruses can contribute to reduce costs due to saving cell culture media, bioreactor space and the resulting co-occluded polyhedra may help to reduce final biopesticide costs. The baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) and Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) were chosen to test a model for in vitro co-infection in SF21 cells. Different proportions of SfMNPV/AgMNPV were evaluated along three in vitro passages by optical microscopy analysis of cells and real-time PCR (qPCR) of DNA obtained from budded viruses (BVs) and occlusion bodies (OBs). The kinetics of viral protein synthesis was carried out for analysis of the co-infection in first passage and bioassays with the resulting OBs were performed against A. gemmatalis and S. frugiperda larvae. The results demonstrated successful co-infection in these cells. The quantity of SfMNPV and AgMNPV in supernatants and sediments tends to be maintained stable during the three passages, although the amount of AgMNPV was higher than SfMPNV in most of the experiments. Analysis of the kinetics of radiolabed proteins showed that the cell protein synthesis was shut off and two distinct bands of about 30 kDa, regarded to be the polyhedrin of each virus, were strongly detected at 48 and 72 hp.i. Although the pathogenicity of the produced viruses was not completely satisfactory, the bioassays confirmed occurrence of co-infected larvae with disproportional amount of each virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Sanches
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
| | - G C Guimarães
- Centro Universitário de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - W Sihler
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - M L Souza
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
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Genome Sequence of a Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Isolated from Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Nigeria, West Africa. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0056521. [PMID: 34435851 PMCID: PMC8388541 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00565-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the entire genome sequence of an isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus from Nigeria, West Africa. The genome is 132,710 bp long and contains 144 open reading frames. The GC content is 40.3% and, based on baculovirus species demarcation criteria, the isolate belongs to the species Spodoptera frugiperdamultiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.
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Popham HJR, Rowley DL, Harrison RL. Differential insecticidal properties of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates against corn-strain and rice-strain fall armyworm, and genomic analysis of three isolates. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 183:107561. [PMID: 33639152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a destructive crop pest native to North, Central, and South America that recently has spread to Africa and Asia. Isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) have the potential to be developed as low-risk biopesticides for management of fall armyworm, and a commercially available formulation has been developed for control of fall armyworm in North and South America. In this study, the virulence (LC50 and LT50) of several SfMNPV isolates towards larvae of both corn-strain and rice-strain fall armyworm was assessed. Bioassays with corn-strain larvae revealed that the isolates could be organized into fast-killing (LT50 < 56 h post-infection) and slow-killing (LT50 > 68 h post-infection) groups. Rice-strain larvae exhibited narrower ranges of susceptibility to baculovirus infection and of survival times in bioassays with different isolates. Two SfMNPV isolates with rapid speeds of kill (SfMNPV-459 from Colombia and SfMNPV-1197 from Georgia, USA) along with an isolate that killed corn-strain at relatively low concentrations (SfMNPV-281 from Georgia) were selected for the complete determination of their genome sequences. The SfMNPV-1197 genome sequence shared high sequence identity with genomes of a Nicaraguan isolate, while SfMNPV-281 formed a separate clade with a USA and a Brazilian isolate in phylogenetic trees. The SfMNPV-459 sequence was more divergent with the lowest genome sequence identities in pairwise alignments with other sequenced SfMNPV genomes, and was not grouped reliably with either the 1197 clade or the 281 clade. SfMNPV-459 contained homologs of two ORFs that were unique to another Colombian isolate, but these isolates were not placed in the same clade in phylogenetic trees. This study identifies isolates with superior properties for control of fall armyworm and adds to our knowledge of the genetics of SfMNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J R Popham
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1503 S. Providence Road, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.
| | - Daniel L Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Genomic diversity in a population of Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 90:104749. [PMID: 33540087 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) represents a strong candidate to develop environmental-friendly pesticides against the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a widespread pest that poses a severe threat to different crops around the world. To date, SfMNPV genomic diversity of different isolates has been mainly studied by means of restriction pattern analyses and by sequencing of the egt region. Here, the genomic diversity present inside an isolate of SfMNPV was explored using high-throughput sequencing for the first time. We identified 704 intrahost single nucleotide variants, from which 184 are nonsynonymous mutations distributed among 82 different coding sequences. We detected several structural variants affecting SfMNPV genome, including two previously reported deletions inside the egt region. A comparative analysis between polymorphisms present in different SfMNPV isolates and our intraisolate diversity data suggests that coding regions with higher genetic diversity are associated with oral infectivity or unknown functions. In this context, through molecular evolution studies we provide evidence of diversifying selection acting on sf29, a putative collagenase which could contribute to the oral infectivity of SfMNPV. Overall, our results contribute to deepen our understanding of the coevolution between SfMNPV and the fall armyworm and will be useful to improve the applicability of this virus as a biological control agent.
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Lei C, Yang J, Wang J, Hu J, Sun X. Molecular and Biological Characterization of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Field Isolate and Genotypes from China. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110777. [PMID: 33182689 PMCID: PMC7697700 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The fall armyworm is a notorious lepidopteran pest that consumes many economically important crops. Its recent invasion into China threatens crops in over 19 provinces. This species is susceptible to its homologous nucleopolyhedrovirus (Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, or SfMNPV). Selection of indigenous isolates that are adaptable in each geographical region is important for developing a virus-based pesticide. In this study, an SfMNPV field isolate was obtained from a natural population of the fall armyworm in Hubei, China. Two genotypes were cloned from the field isolate, and one genotype, SfHub-A, which had similar activity to the field isolate and produced significantly more progeny viruses, was considered to be a suitable strain for the commercial production of SfMNPV. This information will be valuable for developing a virus-based pesticide against fall armyworm in China. Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a new invading pest in China. The baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) is a pathogenic agent of the fall armyworm and a potential agent for its control in integrated pest management strategies. In this work, we analyze the molecular and biological characteristics of an SfMNPV isolate collected from maize in China (SfMNPV-Hub). Two genotypes were further isolated from SfMNPV-Hub by an in vivo cloning method. The PstI profile of one genotype (SfHub-A) was similar to genotype A of the SfMNPV Colombian isolate, and the other (SfHub-E) was similar to genotype E of the Colombian isolate. The bioactivity of SfHub-A against second-instar S. frugiperda larvae was not significantly different from that of SfMNPV-Hub, whereas SfHub-E was 2.7–5.5 fold less potent than SfMNPV-Hub. The speed of kill of SfHub-E was quicker than SfMNPV-Hub, while SfHub-A acted slower than SfMNPV-Hub. Occlusion body (OB) production of SfHub-A in an S. frugiperda cadaver was significantly higher than that of SfMNPV-Hub, while SfHub-E yielded far fewer occlusion bodies (OBs) in the host larvae. These results provide basic information for developing a virus-based pesticide against the invading pest S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Lei
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jian Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiulian Sun
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87198641
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Sosa-Gómez DR, Morgado FS, Corrêa RFT, Silva LA, Ardisson-Araújo DMP, Rodrigues BMP, Oliveira EE, Aguiar RWS, Ribeiro BM. Entomopathogenic Viruses in the Neotropics: Current Status and Recently Discovered Species. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:315-331. [PMID: 32358711 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The market for biological control of insect pests in the world and in Brazil has grown in recent years due to the unwanted ecological and human health impacts of chemical insecticides. Therefore, research on biological control agents for pest management has also increased. For instance, insect viruses have been used to protect crops and forests around the world for decades. Among insect viruses, the baculoviruses are the most studied and used viral biocontrol agent. More than 700 species of insects have been found to be naturally infected by baculoviruses, with 90% isolated from lepidopteran insects. In this review, some basic aspects of baculovirus infection in vivo and in vitro infection, gene content, viral replication will be discussed. Furthermore, we provide examples of the use of insect viruses for biological pest control and recently characterized baculoviruses in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Sosa-Gómez
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Soja, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - F S Morgado
- Depto de Biologia Celular, Univ of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - R F T Corrêa
- Depto de Biotecnologia, Univ Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi, TO, Brasil
| | - L A Silva
- Depto de Biologia Celular, Univ of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - D M P Ardisson-Araújo
- Depto de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Univ Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - B M P Rodrigues
- Depto de Biologia Celular, Univ of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - E E Oliveira
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - R W S Aguiar
- Depto de Biotecnologia, Univ Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi, TO, Brasil
| | - B M Ribeiro
- Depto de Biologia Celular, Univ of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
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Genetic variants in Argentinean isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus. Virus Genes 2020; 56:401-405. [PMID: 32030574 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is a key pest in the Americas. Control strategies are mainly carried out by use of chemical insecticides and transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. In the last years, resistance of S. frugiperda populations to transgenic corn was reported in different Latin American countries. The baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) is a pathogenic agent for the fall armyworm and a potential alternative for its control in integrated pest management strategies. In this work, we analyze some characteristics of two baculovirus isolates collected from maize (SfMNPV-M) and cotton (SfMNPV-C) fields from Argentina. The isolates were compared by restriction enzymes patterns and the analysis reveals the presence of genotypic variants in the SfMNPV-M isolate. We confirmed a deletion by sequencing fragments encompassing egt gene and most part of its contiguous gene (orf A) in a SfMNVP-M genotypic variant. Additionally, we estimated the 50% lethal dose and median survival time of each isolate in bioassays with S. frugiperda larvae.
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13
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Harrison RL, Rowley DL, Popham HJR. A Novel Alphabaculovirus from the Soybean Looper, Chrysodeixis includens, that Produces Tetrahedral Occlusion Bodies and Encodes Two Copies of he65. Viruses 2019; 11:E579. [PMID: 31247912 PMCID: PMC6669638 DOI: 10.3390/v11070579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolates of the alphabaculovirus species, Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus, have been identified that produce polyhedral occlusion bodies and infect larvae of the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens. In this study, we report the discovery and characterization of a novel C. includens-infecting alphabaculovirus, Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus #1 (ChinNPV#1), that produces tetrahedral occlusion bodies. In bioassays against C. includens larvae, ChinNPV #1 exhibited a degree of pathogenicity that was similar to that of other ChinNPV isolates, but killed larvae more slowly. The host range of ChinNPV#1 was found to be very narrow, with no indication of infection occurring in larvae of Trichoplusia ni and six other noctuid species. The ChinNPV#1 genome sequence was determined to be 130,540 bp, with 126 open reading frames (ORFs) annotated but containing no homologous repeat (hr) regions. Phylogenetic analysis placed ChinNPV#1 in a clade with other Group II alphabaculoviruses from hosts of lepidopteran subfamily Plusiinae, including Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus and Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus. A unique feature of the ChinNPV#1 genome was the presence of two full-length copies of the he65 ORF. The results indicate that ChinNPV#1 is related to, but distinct from, other ChinNPV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Daniel L Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Bentivenha JPF, Rodrigues JG, Lima MF, Marçon P, Popham HJR, Omoto C. Baseline Susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to SfMNPV and Evaluation of Cross-Resistance to Major Insecticides and Bt Proteins. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:91-98. [PMID: 30395231 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The resistance evolution of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) to insecticides and Bt proteins along with the intensive crop production systems adopted in Brazil make it challenging to implement integrated pest management. The adoption of alternative methods to manage pests is fundamental to the implementation of favorable integrated pest management and insect resistance management. Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) is a valuable tool for S. frugiperda control. The characterization of the baseline susceptibility of S. frugiperda populations and cross-resistance involving SfMNPV and major insecticides and Bt proteins have not yet been conducted. The objective of this study was to characterize the baseline susceptibility of S. frugiperda populations from five Brazilian States to SfMNPV (Cartugen, AgBiTech, Fort Worth, TX). Possible cross-resistance to insecticides and Bt proteins among resistant S. frugiperda strains was also assessed. There were no differences in the susceptibility of the studied populations to SfMNPV. The estimated diagnostic concentration may be utilized in future monitoring studies to SfMNPV. The SfMNPV presented no cross-resistance to the chemical insecticides and to the Bt proteins tested. Our results provide evidence of the biological activity and high potential of SfMNPV as a distinct insecticidal mode of action for use in rotation with other tools. This biological insecticide is known to have a favorable toxicological and ecotoxicological profile and will be a valuable tool in insect resistance management and integrated pest management programs for control of S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P F Bentivenha
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana G Rodrigues
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Han G, Xu J, Liu Q, Li C, Xu H, Lu Z. Genome of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Granulovirus, the First Crambidae-Infecting Betabaculovirus Isolated from Rice Leaffolder to Sequenced. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147882. [PMID: 26848752 PMCID: PMC4746121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is a major pest of rice in South and South-East Asia. Insecticides are the major means farmers use for management. A naturally occurring baculovirus, C. medinalis granulovirus (CnmeGV), has been isolated from the larvae and this has the potential for use as microbial agent. Here, we described the complete genome sequence of CnmeGV and compared it to other baculovirus genomes. The genome of CnmeGV is 112,060 base pairs in length, has a G+C content of 35.2%. It contains 133 putative open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 150 nucleotides. A hundred and one (101) of these ORFs are homologous to other baculovirus genes including 37 baculovirus core genes. Thirty-two (32) ORFs are unique to CnmeGV with no homologues detected in the GeneBank and 53 tandem repeats (TRs) with sequence length from 25 to 551 nt intersperse throughout the genome of CnmeGV. Six (6) homologous regions (hrs) were identified interspersed throughout the genome. Hr2 contains 11 imperfect palindromes and a high content of AT sequence (about 73%). The unique ORF28 contains a coiled-coil region and a zinc finger-like domain of 4–50 residues specialized by two C2C2 zinc finger motifs that putatively bound two atoms of zinc. ORF21 encoding a chit-1 protein suggesting a horizontal gene transfer from alphabaculovirus. The putative protein presents two carbohydrate-binding module family 14 (CBM_14) domains rather than other homologues detected from betabaculovirus that only contains one chit-binding region. Gene synteny maps showed the colinearity of sequenced betabaculovirus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CnmeGV grouped in the betabaculovirus, with a close relation to AdorGV. The cladogram obtained in this work grouped the 17 complete GV genomes in one monophyletic clade. CnmeGV represents a new crambidae host-isolated virus species from the genus Betabaculovirus and is most closely relative of AdorGV. The analyses and information derived from this study will provide a better understanding of the pathological symptoms caused by this virus and its potential use as a microbial pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Han
- Department of Biological Pesticides, Jiangsu Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, 225007, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Biological Pesticides, Jiangsu Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, 225007, PR China
- * E-mail: (JX); (ZXL)
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Biological Pesticides, Jiangsu Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, 225007, PR China
| | - Chuanming Li
- Department of Biological Pesticides, Jiangsu Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, 225007, PR China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
- * E-mail: (JX); (ZXL)
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16
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Ardisson-Araújo DMP, Pereira BT, Melo FL, Ribeiro BM, Báo SN, de A Zanotto PM, Moscardi F, Kitajima EW, Sosa-Gomez DR, Wolff JLC. A betabaculovirus encoding a gp64 homolog. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:94. [PMID: 26847652 PMCID: PMC4741009 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A betabaculovirus (DisaGV) was isolated from Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), one of the most important insect pests of the sugarcane and other monocot cultures in Brazil. Results The complete genome sequence of DisaGV was determined using the 454-pyrosequencing method. The genome was 98,392 bp long, which makes it the smallest lepidopteran-infecting baculovirus sequenced to date. It had a G + C content of 29.7 % encoding 125 putative open reading frames (ORF). All the 37 baculovirus core genes and a set of 19 betabaculovirus-specific genes were found. A group of 13 putative genes was not found in any other baculovirus genome sequenced so far. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that DisaGV is a member of Betabaculovirus genus and that it is a sister group to a cluster formed by ChocGV, ErelGV, PiraGV isolates, ClanGV, CaLGV, CpGV, CrleGV, AdorGV, PhopGV and EpapGV. Surprisingly, we found in the DisaGV genome a G protein-coupled receptor related to lepidopteran and other insect virus genes and a gp64 homolog, which is likely a product of horizontal gene transfer from Group 1 alphabaculoviruses. Conclusion DisaGV represents a distinct lineage of the genus Betabaculovirus. It is closely related to the CpGV-related group and presents the smallest genome in size so far. Remarkably, we found a homolog of gp64, which was reported solely in group 1 alphabaculovirus genomes so far. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2408-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M P Ardisson-Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Bruna T Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando L Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Bergmann M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Sônia N Báo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Paolo M de A Zanotto
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular e Bioinformática (LEMB-ICB), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Moscardi
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja, Londrina, Paraná PR, Brazil
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- NAP/MEPA, Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel R Sosa-Gomez
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja, Londrina, Paraná PR, Brazil.
| | - José L C Wolff
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Virologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Barrera GP, Belaich MN, Patarroyo MA, Villamizar LF, Ghiringhelli PD. Evidence of recent interspecies horizontal gene transfer regarding nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of Spodoptera frugiperda. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1008. [PMID: 26607569 PMCID: PMC4861128 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baculoviruses are insect-associated viruses carrying large, circular double-stranded-DNA genomes with significant biotechnological applications such as biological pest control, recombinant protein production, gene delivery in mammals and as a model of DNA genome evolution. These pathogens infect insects from the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, and have high species diversity which is expressed in their diverse biological properties including morphology, virulence or pathogenicity. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the fall armyworm, represents a significant pest for agriculture in America; it is a host for baculoviruses such as the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) (Colombia strain, genotype A) having been classified as a Group II alphabaculovirus making it a very attractive target for bioinsecticidal use. RESULTS Genome analysis by pyrosequencing revealed that SfMNPV ColA has 145 ORFs, 2 of which were not present in the other sequenced genotypes of the virus (SfMNPV-NicB, SfMNPV-NicG, SfMNPV-19 and SfMNPV-3AP2). An in-depth bioinformatics study showed that ORF023 and ORF024 were acquired by a recent homologous recombination process between Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera litura (the Oriental leafworm moth) nucleopolyhedroviruses. Auxiliary genes are numerous in the affected locus which has a homologous region (hr3), a repetitive sequence associated with genome replication which became lost in SfColA along with 1 ORF. Besides, the mRNAs associated with two acquired genes appeared in the virus' life-cycle during the larval stage. Predictive studies concerning the theoretical proteins identified that ORF023 protein would be a phosphatase involved in DNA repair and that the ORF024 protein would be a membrane polypeptide associated with cell transport. CONCLUSIONS The SfColA genome was thus revealed to be a natural recombinant virus showing evidence of recent horizontal gene transfer between different baculovirus species occurring in nature. This feature could be the cause of its high insecticidal power and therefore SfColA becomes a great candidate for bioinsecticide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Patricia Barrera
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corpoica (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria), Km 14 Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Mariano Nicolás Belaich
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular - Área Virosis de Insectos (LIGBCM-AVI), Dto. Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Avenida 50 N° 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Calle 12C N° 6-25, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Laura Fernanda Villamizar
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corpoica (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria), Km 14 Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Pablo Daniel Ghiringhelli
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular - Área Virosis de Insectos (LIGBCM-AVI), Dto. Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Beperet I, Simón O, Williams T, López-Ferber M, Caballero P. The “11K” gene family members sf68, sf95 and sf138 modulate transmissibility and insecticidal properties of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 127:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Haase S, Sciocco-Cap A, Romanowski V. Baculovirus insecticides in Latin America: historical overview, current status and future perspectives. Viruses 2015; 7:2230-67. [PMID: 25941826 PMCID: PMC4452904 DOI: 10.3390/v7052230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are known to regulate many insect populations in nature. Their host-specificity is very high, usually restricted to a single or a few closely related insect species. They are amongst the safest pesticides, with no or negligible effects on non-target organisms, including beneficial insects, vertebrates and plants. Baculovirus-based pesticides are compatible with integrated pest management strategies and the expansion of their application will significantly reduce the risks associated with the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. Several successful baculovirus-based pest control programs have taken place in Latin American countries. Sustainable agriculture (a trend promoted by state authorities in most Latin American countries) will benefit from the wider use of registered viral pesticides and new viral products that are in the process of registration and others in the applied research pipeline. The success of baculovirus-based control programs depends upon collaborative efforts among government and research institutions, growers associations, and private companies, which realize the importance of using strategies that protect human health and the environment at large. Initiatives to develop new regulations that promote the use of this type of ecological alternatives tailored to different local conditions and farming systems are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Haase
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Alicia Sciocco-Cap
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar 1712, Argentina.
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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20
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Braconi CT, Ardisson-Araújo DMP, Leme AFP, Oliveira JVDC, Pauletti BA, Garcia-Maruniak A, Ribeiro BM, Maruniak JE, Zanotto PMDA. Proteomic analyses of baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus budded and occluded virus. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:980-989. [PMID: 24443474 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.061127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses infect insects, producing two distinct phenotypes during the viral life cycle: the budded virus (BV) and the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) for intra- and inter-host spread, respectively. Since the 1980s, several countries have been using Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) as a biological control agent against the velvet bean caterpillar, A. gemmatalis. The genome of AgMNPV isolate 2D (AgMNPV-2D) carries at least 152 potential genes, with 24 that possibly code for structural proteins. Proteomic studies have been carried out on a few baculoviruses, with six ODV and two BV proteomes completed so far. Moreover, there are limited data on virion proteins carried by AgMNPV-2D. Therefore, structural proteins of AgMNPV-2D were analysed by MALDI- quadrupole-TOF and liquid chromatography MS/MS. A total of 44 proteins were associated with the ODV and 33 with the BV of AgMNPV-2D. Although 38 structural proteins were already known, we found six new proteins in the ODV and seven new proteins carried by the AgMNPV-2D BV. Eleven cellular proteins that were found on several other enveloped viruses were also identified, which are possibly carried with the virion. These findings may provide novel insights into baculovirus biology and their host interaction. Moreover, our data may be helpful in subsequent applied studies aiming to improve AgMNPV use as a biopesticide and a biotechnology tool for gene expression or delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Torres Braconi
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory - LNBio - CNPEM, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory - LNBio - CNPEM, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Garcia-Maruniak
- Insect Virology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Dr., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - James E Maruniak
- Insect Virology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Dr., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil
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21
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Beperet I, Barrera G, Simón O, Williams T, López-Ferber M, Gasmi L, Herrero S, Caballero P. The sf32 unique gene of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) is a non-essential gene that could be involved in nucleocapsid organization in occlusion-derived virions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77683. [PMID: 24204916 PMCID: PMC3813766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant virus lacking the sf32 gene (Sf32null), unique to the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), was generated by homologous recombination from a bacmid comprising the complete viral genome (Sfbac). Transcriptional analysis revealed that sf32 is an early gene. Occlusion bodies (OBs) of Sf32null contained 62% more genomic DNA than viruses containing the sf32 gene, Sfbac and Sf32null-repair, although Sf32null DNA was three-fold less infective when injected in vivo. Sf32null OBs were 18% larger in diameter and contained 17% more nucleocapsids within ODVs than those of Sfbac. No significant differences were detected in OB pathogenicity (50% lethal concentration), speed-of-kill or budded virus production in vivo. In contrast, the production of OBs/larva was reduced by 39% in insects infected by Sf32null compared to those infected by Sfbac. The SF32 predicted protein sequence showed homology (25% identity, 44% similarity) to two adhesion proteins from Streptococcus pyogenes and a single N-mirystoylation site was predicted. We conclude that SF32 is a non-essential protein that could be involved in nucleocapsid organization during ODV assembly and occlusion, resulting in increased numbers of nucleocapsids within ODVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Beperet
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain
| | - Gloria Barrera
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oihane Simón
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | - Laila Gasmi
- Department of Genetics, Univesitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics, Univesitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- * E-mail:
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22
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Deletion genotypes reduce occlusion body potency but increase occlusion body production in a Colombian Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77271. [PMID: 24116220 PMCID: PMC3792916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A Colombian field isolate (SfCOL-wt) of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) is a mixture of different genotypes. To evaluate the insecticidal properties of the different genotypic variants, 83 plaque purified virus were characterized. Ten distinct genotypes were identified (named A through J). SfCOL-A was the most prevalent (71±2%; mean ± SE) showing a PstI restriction profile indistinguishable to that of SfCOL-wt. The remaining nine genotypes presented genomic deletions of 3.8 - 21.8 Kb located mainly between nucleotides 11,436 and 33,883 in the reference genome SfMNPV-B, affecting the region between open reading frames (ORFs) sf20 and sf33. The insecticidal activity of each genotype from SfCOL-wt and several mixtures of genotypes was compared to that of SfCOL-wt. The potency of SfCOL-A occlusion bodies (OBs) was 4.4-fold higher than SfCOL-wt OBs, whereas the speed of kill of SfCOL-A was similar to that of SfCOL-wt. Deletion genotype OBs were similarly or less potent than SfCOL-wt but six deletion genotypes were faster killing than SfCOL-wt. The potency of genotype mixtures co-occluded within OBs were consistently reduced in two-genotype mixtures involving equal proportions of SfCOL-A and one of three deletion genotypes (SfCOL-C, -D or -F). Speed of kill and OB production were improved only when the certain genotype mixtures were co-occluded, although OB production was higher in the SfCOL-wt isolate than in any of the component genotypes, or mixtures thereof. Deleted genotypes reduced OB potency but increased OB production of the SfCOL-wt population, which is structured to maximize the production of OBs in each infected host.
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23
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Serrano A, Williams T, Simón O, López-Ferber M, Caballero P, Muñoz D. Analagous population structures for two alphabaculoviruses highlight a functional role for deletion mutants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:1118-25. [PMID: 23204420 PMCID: PMC3568584 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03021-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A natural Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) isolate from Florida shares a strikingly similar genotypic composition to that of a natural Spodoptera frugiperda MNPV (SfMNPV) isolate from Nicaragua. Both isolates comprise a high proportion of large-deletion genotypes that lack genes that are essential for viral replication or transmission. To determine the likely origins of such genotypically similar population structures, we performed genomic and functional analyses of these genotypes. The homology of nucleotides in the deleted regions was as high as 79%, similar to those of other colinear genomic regions, although some SfMNPV genes were not present in SeMNPV. In addition, no potential consensus sequences were shared between the deletion flanking sequences. These results indicate an evolutionary mechanism that independently generates and sustains deletion mutants within each virus population. Functional analyses using different proportions of complete and deletion genotypes were performed with the two viruses in mixtures of occlusion bodies (OBs) or co-occluded virions. Ratios greater than 3:1 of complete/deletion genotypes resulted in reduced pathogenicity (expressed as median lethal dose), but there were no significant changes in the speed of kill. In contrast, OB yields increased only in the 1:1 mixture. The three phenotypic traits analyzed provide a broader picture of the functional significance of the most extensively deleted SeMNPV genotype and contribute toward the elucidation of the role of such mutants in baculovirus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Serrano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifícas–Universidad Pública de Navarra (CSIC-UPNA), Mutilva, Spain
| | | | - Oihane Simón
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifícas–Universidad Pública de Navarra (CSIC-UPNA), Mutilva, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Ferber
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Techniques Industrielles et des Mines d'Alès, Alès, France
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifícas–Universidad Pública de Navarra (CSIC-UPNA), Mutilva, Spain
- Departmento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Delia Muñoz
- Departmento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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24
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Breitenbach JE, El-Sheikh ESA, Harrison RL, Rowley DL, Sparks ME, Gundersen-Rindal DE, Popham HJR. Determination and analysis of the genome sequence of Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. Virus Res 2012; 171:194-208. [PMID: 23219924 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV), a pathogen of the Egyptian cotton leaf worm S. littoralis, was subjected to sequencing of its entire DNA genome and bioassay analysis comparing its virulence to that of other baculoviruses. The annotated SpliMNPV genome of 137,998 bp was found to harbor 132 open reading frames and 15 homologous repeat regions. Four unique genes not present in SpltMNPV were identified, as were 14 genes that were absent or translocated by comparison. Bioassay analysis of experimentally infected Spodoptera frugiperda revealed an extended killing time for SpliMNPV as compared to S. frugiperda MNPV (SfMNPV), but a level of mortality similar to that caused by infection with SfMNPV and superior to that of Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV). Although extensive similarity was observed between the genome structure and predicted translation products of SpliMNPV and Spodoptera litura MNPV (SpltMNPV), genetic distances between isolates of SpliMNPV and SpltMNPV suggest that they are in fact different species of genus Alphabaculovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Breitenbach
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Functional analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus late expression factors in Sf9 cells. Virus Genes 2012; 46:152-61. [PMID: 23124597 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We used transient expression assays to assess the function of the baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda M nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) homologs of Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) factors involved in late gene expression (lefs), in the Sf9 insect cell-line, which is permissive for both viruses. It is well-established that nineteen AcMNPV lefs support optimal levels of activity from a late promoter-reporter gene cassette in this assay. A subgroup of SfMNPV lefs predicted to function in transcription-specific events substituted the corresponding AcMNPV lefs very efficiently. When all SfMNPV lefs were assayed, including replication lefs, activity was low, but addition of two AcMNPV lefs not encoded in SfMNPV genome, resulted in augmented reporter activity. SfMNPV IE-1 was able to activate an early promoter cis-linked to an hr-derived element from SfMNPV but not from AcMNPV. However, the level of early promoter activation with SfMNPV IE-1 was lower compared to AcMNPV IE-1.
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26
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Vieira CM, Tuelher ES, Valicente FH, Wolff JLC. Characterization of a Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate that does not liquefy the integument of infected larvae. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 111:189-92. [PMID: 22884675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the characterization of a Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate, named SfMNPV-6nd, that does not cause the liquefaction of the host integument. The sequencing of the chitinase A (v-chiA) gene from SfMNPV-6nd revealed that it had a frameshift mutation that greatly reduced size of the putative enzyme. In order to evaluate the suitability of SfMPNV-6nd as a biopesticide, this isolate was compared with the highly virulent SfMNPV-19. Our results showed that the LC(50) of the two isolates were not significantly different, but that SfMNPV-6nd took a longer period of time to kill second instar S. frugiperda than SfMNPV-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina M Vieira
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
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27
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Thumbi DK, Eveleigh RJM, Lucarotti CJ, Lapointe R, Graham RI, Pavlik L, Lauzon HAM, Arif BM. Complete sequence, analysis and organization of the Orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. Viruses 2011; 3:2301-27. [PMID: 22163346 PMCID: PMC3230853 DOI: 10.3390/v3112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome of the Orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus (OrleNPV) isolated from the whitemarked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma, Lymantridae: Lepidoptera) was sequenced, analyzed, and compared to other baculovirus genomes. The size of the OrleNPV genome was 156,179 base pairs (bp) and had a G+C content of 39%. The genome encoded 135 putative open reading frames (ORFs), which occupied 79% of the entire genome sequence. Three inhibitor of apoptosis (ORFs 16, 43 and 63), and five baculovirus repeated ORFs (bro-a through bro-e) were interspersed in the OrleNPV genome. In addition to six direct repeat (drs), a common feature shared among most baculoviruses, OrleNPV genome contained three homologous regions (hrs) that are located in the latter half of the genome. The presence of an F-protein homologue and the results from phylogenetic analyses placed OrleNPV in the genus Alphabaculovirus, group II. Overall, OrleNPV appears to be most closely related to group II alphabaculoviruses Ectropis obliqua (EcobNPV), Apocheima cinerarium (ApciNPV), Euproctis pseudoconspersa (EupsNPV), and Clanis bilineata (ClbiNPV).
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Thumbi
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 636 Station A, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A6, Canada; E-Mails: (D.K.T.); (R.J.M.E); (R.L.)
| | - Robert J. M. Eveleigh
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 636 Station A, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A6, Canada; E-Mails: (D.K.T.); (R.J.M.E); (R.L.)
| | - Christopher J. Lucarotti
- Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3C 2G6, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-506-452-3538; Fax: +1-506-452-3538
| | - Renée Lapointe
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 636 Station A, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A6, Canada; E-Mails: (D.K.T.); (R.J.M.E); (R.L.)
| | - Robert I. Graham
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK; E-Mails:
| | - Lillian Pavlik
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada; E-Mails: (L.P); (H.A.M.L.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Hilary A. M. Lauzon
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada; E-Mails: (L.P); (H.A.M.L.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Basil M. Arif
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada; E-Mails: (L.P); (H.A.M.L.); (B.M.A.)
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Miele SAB, Garavaglia MJ, Belaich MN, Ghiringhelli PD. Baculovirus: molecular insights on their diversity and conservation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2011; 2011:379424. [PMID: 21716740 PMCID: PMC3119482 DOI: 10.4061/2011/379424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Baculoviridae is a large group of insect viruses containing circular double-stranded DNA genomes of 80 to 180 kbp. In this study, genome sequences from 57 baculoviruses were analyzed to reevaluate the number and identity of core genes and to understand the distribution of the remaining coding sequences. Thirty one core genes with orthologs in all genomes were identified along with other 895 genes differing in their degrees of representation among reported genomes. Many of these latter genes are common to well-defined lineages, whereas others are unique to one or a few of the viruses. Phylogenetic analyses based on core gene sequences and the gene composition of the genomes supported the current division of the Baculoviridae into 4 genera: Alphabaculovirus, Betabaculovirus, Gammabaculovirus, and Deltabaculovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Ana Belen Miele
- LIGBCM (Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina
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29
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Simón O, Palma L, Beperet I, Muñoz D, López-Ferber M, Caballero P, Williams T. Sequence comparison between three geographically distinct Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates: Detecting positively selected genes. J Invertebr Pathol 2011; 107:33-42. [PMID: 21238456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The complete genomic sequence of a Nicaraguan plaque purified Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) genotype SfMNPV-B was determined and compared to previously sequenced isolates from United States (SfMNPV-3AP2) and Brazil (SfMNPV-19). The genome of SfMNPV-B (132,954bp) was 1623bp and 389bp larger than that of SfMNPV-3AP2 and SfMNPV-19, respectively. Genome size differences were mainly due to a deletion located in the SfMNPV-3AP2 egt region and small deletions and point mutations in SfMNPV-19. Nucleotide sequences were strongly conserved (99.35% identity) and a high degree of predicted amino acid sequence identity was observed. A total of 145 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in SfMNPV-B, two of them (sf39a and sf110a) had not been previously identified in the SfMNPV-3AP2 and SfMNPV-19 genomes and one (sf57a) was absent in both these genomes. In addition, sf6 was not previously identified in the SfMNPV-19 genome. In contrast, SfMNPV-B and SfMNPV-19 both lacked sf129 that had been reported in SfMNPV-3AP2. In an effort to identify genes potentially involved in virulence or in determining population adaptations, selection pressure analysis was performed. Three ORFs were identified undergoing positive selection: sf49 (pif-3), sf57 (odv-e66b) and sf122 (unknown function). Strong selection for ODV envelope protein genes indicates that the initial infection process in the insect midgut is one critical point at which adaptation acts during the transmission of these viruses in geographically distant populations. The function of ORF sf122 is being examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Simón
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain
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30
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Rowley DL, Farrar RR, Blackburn MB, Harrison RL. Genetic and biological variation among nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Virus Genes 2010; 40:458-68. [PMID: 20213487 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-010-0462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A PCR-based method was used to identify and distinguish among 40 uncharacterized nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) isolates from larvae of the moth Spodoptera frugiperda that were part of an insect virus collection. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out with sequences amplified from two strongly conserved loci (polh and lef-8) from the 40 isolates in the collection and from eight previously studied S. frugiperda NPV (SfMNPV) isolates. To further distinguish these isolates, analysis was also carried out with sequences from two less-conserved loci, hr4 and hr5. Phylogenetic inference from the sequence data could distinguish among several of the individual isolates and between different groups of isolates from Georgia (USA) and Colombia, South America. A stronger degree of bootstrap support for the phylogenetic trees was obtained with the hr4 and hr5 homologous repeat sequences. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis detected a relatively high degree of larva-to-larva sequence divergence occurring among isolates of SfMNPV collected from the same field in Missouri, USA. Restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA from larvae infected with five isolates from Georgia, Missouri, Louisiana, Florida (USA), and Colombia allowed for further comparison with other previously reported isolates of SfMNPV. Bioassays with these five geographically distinct isolates detected minor differences in virulence. This study highlights the use of PCR to rapidly distinguish and characterize large numbers of historical baculovirus isolates from the same host using minimal quantities of material, and the use of sequences from homologous repeat regions to distinguish closely related isolates of the same NPV species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Plant Sciences Institute, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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31
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Stability of a Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus deletion recombinant during serial passage in insects. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:803-9. [PMID: 20008167 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01894-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The stabilities of the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) complete genome bacmid (Sfbac) and a deletion recombinant (Sf29null) in which the Sf29 gene was replaced by a kanamycin resistance cassette were determined during sequential rounds of per os infection in insect larvae. The Sf29 gene is a viral factor that determines the number of virions in occlusion bodies (OBs). The Sf29null bacmid virus was able to recover the Sf29 gene during passage. After the third passage (P3) of Sf29null bacmid OBs, the population was observed to reach an equilibrium involving a mixture of those with a kanamycin resistance cassette and those with the Sf29 gene. The biological activity of Sf29null bacmid OBs at P3 was similar to that of Sfbac OBs. The recovered gene in the Sf29null virus was 98 to 100% homologous to the Sf29 genes of different SfMNPV genotypes. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of uninoculated S. frugiperda larvae confirmed the expression of the SfMNPV ie-0 and Sf29 genes, indicating that the insect colony harbors a covert SfMNPV infection. Additionally, the nonessential bacterial artificial chromosome vector was spontaneously deleted from both viral genomes upon passage in insects.
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32
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Genetic variation in field populations of baculoviruses: Mechanisms for generating variation and its potential role in baculovirus epizootiology. Virol Sin 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12250-009-3052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Harrison RL. Structural divergence among genomes of closely related baculoviruses and its implications for baculovirus evolution. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 101:181-6. [PMID: 19460385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are members of a large, well-characterized family of dsDNA viruses that have been identified from insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. Baculovirus genomes from different virus species generally exhibit a considerable degree of structural diversity. However, some sequenced baculovirus genomes from closely related viruses are structurally very similar and share overall nucleotide sequence identities in excess of 95%. This review focuses on the comparative analysis of partial and complete nucleotide sequences from two groups of closely related baculoviruses with broad host ranges: (a) group I multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses (MNPVs) from a cluster including Autographa californica (Ac)MNPV, Rachiplusia ou (Ro)MNPV, and Plutella xylostella (Plxy)MNPV; and (b) granuloviruses (GVs) from a cluster including Xestia c-nigrum (Xecn)GV and Helicoverpa armigera (Hear)GV. Even though the individual viruses in these clusters share high nucleotide sequence identities, a significant degree of genomic rearrangement (in the form of insertions, deletions, and homologous recombination resulting in allelic replacement) is evident from alignments of their genomes. These observations suggest an important role for recombination in the early evolution and biological characteristics of baculoviruses of these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, PSI, Building 011A, Room 214, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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34
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Garcia-Maruniak A, Abd-Alla AMM, Salem TZ, Parker AG, Lietze VU, van Oers MM, Maruniak JE, Kim W, Burand JP, Cousserans F, Robinson AS, Vlak JM, Bergoin M, Boucias DG. Two viruses that cause salivary gland hypertrophy in Glossina pallidipes and Musca domestica are related and form a distinct phylogenetic clade. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:334-346. [PMID: 19141442 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.006783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glossina pallidipes and Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy viruses (GpSGHV and MdSGHV) replicate in the nucleus of salivary gland cells causing distinct tissue hypertrophy and reduction of host fertility. They share general characteristics with the non-occluded insect nudiviruses, such as being insect-pathogenic, having enveloped, rod-shaped virions, and large circular double-stranded DNA genomes. MdSGHV measures 65x550 nm and contains a 124 279 bp genome (approximately 44 mol% G+C content) that codes for 108 putative open reading frames (ORFs). GpSGHV, measuring 50x1000 nm, contains a 190 032 bp genome (28 mol% G+C content) with 160 putative ORFs. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrates that 37 MdSGHV ORFs have homology to 42 GpSGHV ORFs, as some MdSGHV ORFs have homology to two different GpSGHV ORFs. Nine genes with known functions (dnapol, ts, pif-1, pif-2, pif-3, mmp, p74, odv-e66 and helicase-2), a homologue of the conserved baculovirus gene Ac81 and at least 13 virion proteins are present in both SGHVs. The amino acid identity ranged from 19 to 39 % among ORFs. An (A/T/G)TAAG motif, similar to the baculovirus late promoter motif, was enriched 100 bp upstream of the ORF transcription initiation sites of both viruses. Six and seven putative microRNA sequences were found in MdSGHV and GpSGHV genomes, respectively. There was genome. Collinearity between the two SGHVs, but not between the SGHVs and the nudiviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes clustered both SGHVs in a single clade separated from the nudiviruses and baculoviruses. Although MdSGHV and GpSGHV are different viruses, their pathology, host range and genome composition indicate that they are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Garcia-Maruniak
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, PO Box 110620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Entomology Unit, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Tamer Z Salem
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, AGERI, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt.,Department of Entomology and Nematology, PO Box 110620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA
| | - Andrew G Parker
- Entomology Unit, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Verena-Ulrike Lietze
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, PO Box 110620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA
| | - Monique M van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - James E Maruniak
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, PO Box 110620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - John P Burand
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - François Cousserans
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Comparée, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Alan S Robinson
- Entomology Unit, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Just M Vlak
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Max Bergoin
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Comparée, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Drion G Boucias
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, PO Box 110620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA
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35
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An extensive analysis on the global codon usage pattern of baculoviruses. Arch Virol 2008; 153:2273-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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36
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Harrison RL. Genomic sequence analysis of the Illinois strain of the Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. Virus Genes 2008; 38:155-70. [PMID: 19015970 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgipMNPV) is a group II nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) from the black cutworm, A. ipsilon, with potential as a biopesticide to control infestations of cutworm larvae. The genome of the Illinois strain of AgipMNPV was completely sequenced. The AgipMNPV genome was 155,122 nt in size and contained 163 open reading frames (ORFs), including 61 ORFs found among all lepidopteran baculoviruses sequenced to date. Phylogenetic inference placed AgipMNPV in a clade with group II NPVs isolated from larvae of Agrotis and Spodoptera species. Though closely related to the Agrotis segetum NPV (AgseNPV), AgipMNPV was found to be missing 15 ORFs present in the AgseNPV genome sequence, including two of the three AgseNPV enhancin genes. Remarkably few polymorphisms were identified in the AgipMNPV sequence even though an uncloned field isolate of this virus was sequenced. A genotype characterized by a 128-bp deletion in the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) was identified in the AgipMNPV field isolate and among clonal isolates of AgipMNPV. The deletion in egt was not associated with differences in budded virus or occluded virus production among AgipMNPV clones in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Plant Sciences Institute, Building 011A, Room 214, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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37
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de Andrade Zanotto PM, Krakauer DC. Complete genome viral phylogenies suggests the concerted evolution of regulatory cores and accessory satellites. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3500. [PMID: 18941535 PMCID: PMC2567038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the concerted evolution of viral genomes in four families of DNA viruses. Given the high rate of horizontal gene transfer among viruses and their hosts, it is an open question as to how representative particular genes are of the evolutionary history of the complete genome. To address the concerted evolution of viral genes, we compared genomic evolution across four distinct, extant viral families. For all four viral families we constructed DNA-dependent DNA polymerase-based (DdDp) phylogenies and in addition, whole genome sequence, as quantitative descriptions of inter-genome relationships. We found that the history of the polymerase gene was highly predictive of the history of the genome as a whole, which we explain in terms of repeated, co-divergence events of the core DdDp gene accompanied by a number of satellite, accessory genetic loci. We also found that the rate of gene gain in baculovirus and poxviruses proceeds significantly more quickly than the rate of gene loss and that there is convergent acquisition of satellite functions promoting contextual adaptation when distinct viral families infect related hosts. The congruence of the genome and polymerase trees suggests that a large set of viral genes, including polymerase, derive from a phylogenetically conserved core of genes of host origin, secondarily reinforced by gene acquisition from common hosts or co-infecting viruses within the host. A single viral genome can be thought of as a mutualistic network, with the core genes acting as an effective host and the satellite genes as effective symbionts. Larger virus genomes show a greater departure from linkage equilibrium between core and satellites functions.
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Structural and phylogenetic relationship of ORF 31 from the Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP). Virus Genes 2008; 37:177-84. [PMID: 18648922 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ORF 31 is a unique baculovirus gene in the genome of Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate 2D (AgMNPV-2D). It encodes a putative polypeptide of 369 aa homologous to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) found in the genomes of several organisms. Moreover, we found a phylogenetic association with Group I PARP proteins and a 3D homology model of its conserved PARP C-terminal catalytic domain indicating that had almost an exact spatial superimposition of <1 A with other PARP available structures. The 5' end of ORF 31 mRNA was located at the first nucleotide of a CATT motif at position -27. Using real-time PCR we detected transcripts at 3 h post-infection (p.i.) increasing until 24 h p.i., which coincides with the onset of DNA replication, suggestive of a possible role in DNA metabolism.
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