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Rai D, Pattnaik B, Bangaru S, Tak J, Kumari J, Verma U, Vadala R, Yadav G, Dhaliwal RS, Kumar S, Kumar R, Jain D, Luthra K, Chosdol K, Palanichamy JK, Khan MA, Surendranath A, Mittal S, Tiwari P, Hadda V, Madan K, Agrawal A, Guleria R, Mohan A. microRNAs in exhaled breath condensate for diagnosis of lung cancer in a resource-limited setting: a concise review. Breathe (Sheff) 2023; 19:230125. [PMID: 38351949 PMCID: PMC10862127 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0125-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the common cancers globally with high mortality and poor prognosis. Most cases of lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to limited diagnostic resources. Screening modalities, such as sputum cytology and annual chest radiographs, have not proved sensitive enough to impact mortality. In recent years, annual low-dose computed tomography has emerged as a potential screening tool for early lung cancer detection, but it may not be a feasible option for developing countries. In this context, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis has been evaluated recently as a noninvasive tool for lung cancer diagnosis. The breath biomarkers also have the advantage of differentiating various types and stages of lung cancer. Recent studies have focused more on microRNAs (miRNAs) as they play a key role in tumourigenesis by regulating the cell cycle, metastasis and angiogenesis. In this review, we have consolidated the current published literature suggesting the utility of miRNAs in EBC for the detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanjali Rai
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bijay Pattnaik
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Bangaru
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaya Tak
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Umashankar Verma
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Vadala
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetika Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Maroof Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Addagalla Surendranath
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mittal
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Tiwari
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Hadda
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Breathomics in Respiratory Diseases Lab, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Tıplamaz S, Eyüboğlu İP, Ünal C, Soyer Ö, Beksaç MS, Akkiprik M. Presence of fetal DNA in maternal exhaled breath condensate. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:28-35. [PMID: 36464942 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cell-free DNA has been found in all body fluids, but DNAs emerging from locations that are not in direct contact with breath in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are yet to be found. The potential of EBC for prenatal and cancer screening prompted us to investigate whether fetal DNA is present in maternal EBC. METHOD A total of 20 pregnant women's EBC and blood samples were collected. Four Y chromosome-specific assays were tested on all EBC and plasma samples by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The best-performing assay was used for digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) on all EBC and the six plasma samples. RESULTS The sex of the fetuses was accurately determined from plasma samples. DNA sequences could not be properly amplified in EBC samples by the qPCR. By ddPCR, the Y chromosome sequence was amplified in two of the 11 EBC samples, from women carrying male fetuses (2/11), and the Y chromosome sequence was not amplified in the EBC of women carrying female fetuses (9/9). Exhaled breath condensate ddPCR result's specificity was 100%, the detection rate of Y chromosome was 18.18% (2/11), and the corrected accuracy was 59.09%. CONCLUSION Our finding of "the presence of fetal DNA in maternal EBC", despite the low detection rate, might have a major impact on prenatal diagnosis and cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıtkı Tıplamaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Peker Eyüboğlu
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Ünal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Özge Soyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Beksaç
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akkiprik
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Exhaled Breath Condensate and Dyspnea in COPD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1337:339-344. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC): Is It a Viable Source of Biomarkers for Lung Diseases? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1195:13-18. [PMID: 32468452 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The exhaled breath condensate is a source of biomarkers with many advantages and benefits compared to other traditional sampling techniques in respiratory medicine. It is a biological product that is formed by cooling the exhaled air via its guidance through a condenser. It is characterized as a cocktail of volatile and non-volatile compounds with water being the predominant constituent. Its composition presents a non-uniformed structure as the volatile and the non-volatile compounds vary in type and ratio. All these compounds originate from the whole respiratory tract. Some of them fulfil the criteria to be characterized as biomarkers since there is a similarity between the content of the exhaled breath condensate and the respiratory tract lining fluid. In addition, the potential biomarkers of the exhaled breath condensate and those from other biological fluids are equivalent.Advantages and Disadvantages Its place in the respiratory medicine as a matrix of biomarkers relies on its various strengths. Some of them are very important and make it exceptional regarding its application, such as its totally non-invasive character and its usage in all ages, while others present a more potential action regarding its purpose such as the categorization of respiratory diseases. However, there are limitations in its application due to the lack of standardization of its conduct which can be minimized by following the official recommendations. Additional studies are needed to develop said standardization.Aim The aim of this paper is to present a brief and comprehensive picture of the sampling technique of the exhaled breath condensate, as well as the criteria to make it a preferred choice as a source of biomarkers.
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Seposo X, Ueda K, Sugata S, Yoshino A, Takami A. Short-term effects of air pollution on daily single- and co-morbidity cardiorespiratory outpatient visits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138934. [PMID: 32371210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have noted that the existence of comorbidities lead to an increase in the risk of premature mortality and morbidity. Most of the studies examining the effects of air pollution on comorbidity visits were from Northern American countries, with scarce literature from Asia. This study contributes to existing, yet limited understanding of air pollution-comorbidity by examining the effects of daily air pollutants on outpatient single morbidity and comorbid cardiorespiratory visits in Japan. A total of 1,452,505 outpatient cardiorespiratory visits were recorded among the 21 Japanese cities from 2013 to 2016. Daily outpatient cardiorespiratory visit data were obtained from a health insurance claims database managed by the Japan Medical Data Center Co., Ltd. (JMDC). A time-stratified case crossover analysis coupled with Generalized Additive Mixed Model was used to analyze the association of daily air pollutants (particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide) on daily single (respiratory and cardiovascular) and comorbidity health outcomes. We further examined single and cumulative effects for 0-3 and 0-14 lag periods. Ozone, NO2, and PM2.5 were positively associated with cardiorespiratory visits in either shorter or longer lags, with more apparent comorbidity associations with NO2 exposure. A 10-unit increase in NO2, after adjusting for ozone, was associated with a 2.24% (95% CI: 1.34-3.15) and 6.49% (95% CI: 5.00-8.01) increase in comorbidity visit at Lag 0 (of Lag 0-3) and cumulative lag 0-3, respectively. Our results contribute to existing evidence suggesting that short-term and extended exposure to air pollution elicit health risks on cardiovascular, respiratory and comorbid clinic visits. Exposure to NO2, in particular, was associated with increase in the risk of single and comorbidity cardiorespiratory visits. Results can be potentially utilized for both individual health (e.g. risk population health management) and health facility management (e.g. health visit influx determination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xerxes Seposo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan.
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan; Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Global Ecology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugata
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshino
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Akinori Takami
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
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6
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Maniscalco M, Cutignano A, Paris D, Melck DJ, Molino A, Fuschillo S, Motta A. Metabolomics of Exhaled Breath Condensate by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: A Methodological Approach. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2381-2399. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181008122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
:
Respiratory diseases present a very high prevalence in the general population, with an
increase in morbidity, mortality and health-care expenses worldwide. They are complex and heterogeneous
pathologies that may present different pathological facets in different subjects, often
with personal evolution. Therefore, there is a need to identify patients with similar characteristics,
prognosis or treatment, defining the so-called phenotype, but also to mark specific differences
within each phenotype, defining the endotypes.
:
Biomarkers are very useful to study respiratory phenotypes and endotypes. Metabolomics, one of
the recently introduced “omics”, is becoming a leading technique for biomarker discovery. For the
airways, metabolomics appears to be well suited as the respiratory tract offers a natural matrix, the
Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC), in which several biomarkers can be measured. In this review,
we will discuss the main methodological issues related to the application of Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry (MS) to EBC metabolomics for investigating
respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maniscalco
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA IRCCS, Via Bagni Vecchi 1, 82037 Telese Terme (Benevento), Italy
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti Edificio A, 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Debora Paris
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti Edificio A, 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Dominique J. Melck
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti Edificio A, 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Antonio Molino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fuschillo
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA IRCCS, Via Bagni Vecchi 1, 82037 Telese Terme (Benevento), Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti Edificio A, 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
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Kazeminasab S, Emamalizadeh B, Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Taghizadieh A, Khoubnasabjafari M, Jouyban A. Tips for improving the quality and quantity of the extracted DNA from exhaled breath condensate samples. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 39:688-698. [PMID: 31608776 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1677910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the tracking of genetic and epigenetic alterations in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. The effects of different procedures on the quality and quantity of DNA in EBC were studied. The results demonstrated that sodium acetate precipitation and oligo (dT) improved the quality of the extracted DNA significantly (p < 0.01). Also, sodium acetate precipitation, using oligo (dT), incubation at 70 °C and SDS treatment increased the quantity of DNA significantly (p < 0.01). These results showed the advantages of the chemical and physical manipulations for improving the quality and quantity of the extracted DNA from EBC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kazeminasab
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Emamalizadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Taghizadieh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Kimia Idea Pardaz Azerbaijan (KIPA) Science-Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Kartavenka K, Panuwet P, Greenwald R, Ehret KM, D'Souza PE, Barr DB, Ryan PB. Quantification of malondialdehyde in exhaled breath condensate using pseudo two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1105:210-216. [PMID: 30611078 PMCID: PMC6358417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a robust analytical method for quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) via derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The target MDA-DNPH hydrazone was separated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography using two reversed-phase analytical columns (C18 and phenyl-hexyl) inter-connected via a two-position, six-port switching valve to a single-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The target derivative was analyzed under positive electrospray ionization using single ion monitoring mode (m/z = 235 for the target derivative, and m/z = 237 for its labeled isotopic analog). This pseudo two-dimensional chromatographic separation provided optimum separation conditions for the target derivative resulting in the limit of detection of 0.58 nM in EBC sample (or 36.2 pmol on-column amount), which is comparable to those reported previously using different techniques, including tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the calibration solutions, the method had a linear quantification range of 1.0-200 nM (r2 = 0.998). The method showed good relative recoveries (92.2-102.0%) and acceptable precisions (3.6-12.2% for inter-day precision, and 4.3-12.4% for intra-day precision for two quality control levels, prepared from 5 nM and 25 nM solutions). The derivative was found to be stable at room temperature for 48 h or during analysis. The method was used to analyze 205 exhaled breath condensate samples collected from individuals from a healthy population of student athletes. MDA was detected in approximately 95% of these samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.16 to 149.63 nM. The median concentration was 6.82 nM, (IQR 4.08-9.88). These data demonstrate that our method can be successfully used to measure MDA in population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostya Kartavenka
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America.
| | - Roby Greenwald
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, United States of America
| | - Karen M Ehret
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
| | - Priya Esilda D'Souza
- Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America; Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America; Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
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9
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Kordiak J, Szemraj J, Grabska-Kobylecka I, Bialasiewicz P, Braun M, Kordek R, Nowak D. Intratumor heterogeneity and tissue distribution of KRAS mutation in non-small cell lung cancer: implications for detection of mutated KRAS oncogene in exhaled breath condensate. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:241-251. [PMID: 30368666 PMCID: PMC6325989 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Mutated KRAS oncogene in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be a genetic marker of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a possibility of inhomogeneous distribution in cancer tissue and intratumor heterogeneity of KRAS mutation may decrease its significance. We investigated a status of KRAS point mutation and its sequence at codon 12 in 51 NSCLC patients after tumor resection. The comparison of KRAS mutation status between EBC–DNA and cancer tissue was performed in 19 cases. Methods Five cancer tissue samples from disparate tumor regions and one from normal lung were harvested at surgery. EBC was collected for DNA analysis the previous day. KRAS point mutations at codon 12 were detected using mutant-enriched PCR technique and pyrosequenced. Results Forty-six cancers revealed concordance of KRAS mutation status: 27 contained mutated KRAS and 19 had only wild KRAS. Five NSCLCs revealed inhomogeneous distribution of KRAS mutation. Two different mutations were found in 14 NSCLCs and the most frequent one was G12D and G12V (n = 8). No mutated KRAS was found in normal lung. The concordance ratios of KRAS sequence in codon 12 between EBC–DNA and cancer were 18/19 for NSCLC patients and 11/12 for KRAS mutation positive NSCLC. Conclusions Intratumor heterogeneity and inhomogeneous distribution of KRAS point mutation in codon 12 in cancer tissue can occur in NSCLCs. There was a high accordance between KRAS mutation status in EBC–DNA and cancer tissue in NSCLC patients what suggests usefulness of monitoring KRAS mutation in EBC–DNA as a biomarker of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kordiak
- Department of Chest Surgery, Oncologic and General Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, University Hospital No. 2, Zeromskiego St. 113, 91-647, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Grabska-Kobylecka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Bialasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska St. 251, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska St. 251, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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10
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Araneda OF, Contreras-Briceño F, Cavada G, Viscor G. Swimming versus running: effects on exhaled breath condensate pro-oxidants and pH. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2319-2329. [PMID: 30094648 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The respiratory redox-state of swimmers can be affected by chronic exposures to chlorinated pools, and the effects of different exercises on it are unknown. Our aim was to compare two exercises performed at high-intensity and under habitual environmental conditions (swimming indoor vs. running outdoor) on the production of pro-oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and nitrite) and pH in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and spirometry parameters in competitive swimmers chronically exposed to chlorinated pools. METHODS Seventeen men and women (mean age ± SD = 21 ± 2 years) swam 3.5 km in an indoor pool treated with Cl2, and after 2-weeks, they ran 10 km outdoors. The pHEBC, [H2O2]EBC, [NO2-]EBC, [NO2-]EBC/[NO2-]Plasma and spirometry parameters were analyzed pre-exercise and 20 min and 24 h after exercise ended. RESULTS Two mixed models were applied to compare EBC parameters between swimming and running. Lower levels of [H2O2]EBC and [NO2-]EBC (p = 0.008 and p = 0.018, respectively) were found 24-h post-swimming, and the same trend was observed for [NO2-]EBC/[NO2-]Plasma (p = 0.062). Correlations were found in both exercises between pre-exercise levels of pHEBC, [H2O2]EBC, [NO2-]EBC, and [NO2-]EBC/[NO2-]Plasma and their changes (Δ) after 24-h as well as between [H2O2]EBC and [NO2-]EBC for basal levels and for changes after 24 h. A relationship was also found for running exercise between pulmonary ventilation and changes after 24 h in [H2O2]EBC. Spirometry data were unaffected in both types of exercise. CONCLUSION In competitive swimmers, at 24-h acute post-exercise follow-up, swimming decreased and running increased pro-oxidant biomarkers of pulmonary origin, without changes in lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F Araneda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiología Integrativa (LIBFE), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health of Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cavada
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Day DB, Xiang J, Mo J, Clyde MA, Weschler CJ, Li F, Gong J, Chung M, Zhang Y, Zhang J(J. Combined use of an electrostatic precipitator and a high-efficiency particulate air filter in building ventilation systems: Effects on cardiorespiratory health indicators in healthy adults. INDOOR AIR 2018; 28:360-372. [PMID: 29288500 PMCID: PMC5903943 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration in combination with an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) can be a cost-effective approach to reducing indoor particulate exposure, but ESPs produce ozone. The health effect of combined ESP-HEPA filtration has not been examined. We conducted an intervention study in 89 volunteers. At baseline, the air-handling units of offices and residences for all subjects were comprised of coarse, ESP, and HEPA filtration. During the 5-week long intervention, the subjects were split into 2 groups, 1 with just the ESP removed and the other with both the ESP and HEPA removed. Each subject was measured for cardiopulmonary risk indicators once at baseline, twice during the intervention, and once 2 weeks after baseline conditions were restored. Measured indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and ozone concentrations, coupled with time-activity data, were used to calculate exposures. Removal of HEPA filters increased 24-hour mean PM2.5 exposure by 38 (95% CI: 31, 45) μg/m3 . Removal of ESPs decreased 24-hour mean ozone exposure by 2.2 (2.0, 2.5) ppb. No biomarkers were significantly associated with HEPA filter removal. In contrast, ESP removal was associated with a -16.1% (-21.5%, -10.4%) change in plasma-soluble P-selectin and a -3.0% (-5.1%, -0.8%) change in systolic blood pressure, suggesting reduced cardiovascular risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew B Day
- Global Health Institute and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Merlise A Clyde
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, 214A Old Chemistry Building, Box 90251, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Charles J Weschler
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Room N100, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China 200080
| | - Jicheng Gong
- Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, 116 Old Geosciences Building, Beijing, China 100871
| | - Mingkei Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 10 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
- Global Health Institute and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, 116 Old Geosciences Building, Beijing, China 100871
- Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China 215316
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12
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Day DB, Xiang J, Mo J, Li F, Chung M, Gong J, Weschler CJ, Ohman-Strickland PA, Sundell J, Weng W, Zhang Y, Zhang J(J. Association of Ozone Exposure With Cardiorespiratory Pathophysiologic Mechanisms in Healthy Adults. JAMA Intern Med 2017; 177:1344-1353. [PMID: 28715576 PMCID: PMC5710579 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Importance Exposure to ozone has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not yet understood. Objective To examine the association between ozone exposure and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic mechanisms. Design, Setting, and Participants A longitudinal study involving 89 healthy adult participants living on a work campus in Changsha City, China, was conducted from December 1, 2014, to January 31, 2015. This unique quasiexperimental setting allowed for better characterization of air pollutant exposure effects because the participants spent most of their time in controlled indoor environments. Concentrations of indoor and outdoor ozone, along with the copollutants particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, were monitored throughout the study period and then combined with time-activity information and filtration conditions of each residence and office to estimate 24-hour and 2-week combined indoor and outdoor mean exposure concentrations. Associations between each exposure measure and outcome measure were analyzed using single-pollutant and 2-pollutant linear mixed models controlling for ambient temperature, secondhand smoke exposure, and personal-level time-varying covariates. Main Outcomes and Measures Biomarkers indicative of inflammation and oxidative stress, arterial stiffness, blood pressure, thrombotic factors, and spirometry were measured at 4 sessions. Results Of the 89 participants, 25 (28%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 31.5 (7.6) years. The 24-hour ozone exposure concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 19.4 parts per billion (ppb), corresponding to outdoor concentrations ranging from 4.3 to 47.9 ppb. Within this range, in models controlling for a second copollutant and other potential confounders, a 10-ppb increase in 24-hour ozone was associated with mean increases of 36.3% (95% CI, 29.9%-43.0%) in the level of platelet activation marker soluble P-selectin, 2.8% (95% CI, 0.6%-5.1%) in diastolic blood pressure, 18.1% (95% CI, 4.5%-33.5%) in pulmonary inflammation markers fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and 31.0% (95% CI, 0.2%-71.1%) in exhaled breath condensate nitrite and nitrate as well as a -9.5% (95% CI, -17.7% to -1.4%) decrease in arterial stiffness marker augmentation index. A 10-ppb increase in 2-week ozone was associated with increases of 61.1% (95% CI, 37.8%-88.2%) in soluble P-selectin level and 126.2% (95% CI, 12.1%-356.2%) in exhaled breath condensate nitrite and nitrate level. Other measured biomarkers, including spirometry, showed no significant associations with either 24-hour ozone or 2-week ozone exposures. Conclusions and Relevance Short-term ozone exposure at levels not associated with lung function changes was associated with platelet activation and blood pressure increases, suggesting a possible mechanism by which ozone may affect cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew B. Day
- Global Health Institute, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingkei Chung
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- Global Health Institute, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles J. Weschler
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | - Jan Sundell
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenguo Weng
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
- Global Health Institute, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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13
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Airoldi C, Ciaramelli C, Fumagalli M, Bussei R, Mazzoni V, Viglio S, Iadarola P, Stolk J. 1H NMR To Explore the Metabolome of Exhaled Breath Condensate in α1-Antitrypsin Deficient Patients: A Pilot Study. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4569-4578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Airoldi
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ciaramelli
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rita Bussei
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Mazzoni
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Jan Stolk
- Department
of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Fermier B, Blasco H, Godat E, Bocca C, Moënne-Loccoz J, Emond P, Andres CR, Laffon M, Ferrandière M. Specific Metabolome Profile of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Patients with Shock and Respiratory Failure: A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6030026. [PMID: 27598216 PMCID: PMC5041125 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shock includes different pathophysiological mechanisms not fully understood and remains a challenge to manage. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may contain relevant biomarkers that could help us make an early diagnosis or better understand the metabolic perturbations resulting from this pathological situation. OBJECTIVE we aimed to establish the metabolomics signature of EBC from patients in shock with acute respiratory failure in a pilot study. MATERIAL AND METHODS We explored the metabolic signature of EBC in 12 patients with shock compared to 14 controls using LC-HRMS. We used a non-targeted approach, and we performed a multivariate analysis based on Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) to differentiate between the two groups of patients. RESULTS We optimized the procedure of EBC collection and LC-HRMS detected more than 1000 ions in this fluid. The optimization of multivariate models led to an excellent model of differentiation for both groups (Q2 > 0.4) after inclusion of only 6 ions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We validated the procedure of EBC collection and we showed that the metabolome profile of EBC may be relevant in characterizing patients with shock. We performed well in distinguishing these patients from controls, and the identification of relevant compounds may be promising for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Fermier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
- INSERM U930, équipe Neurogenetics and Neurometabolomics, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Emmanuel Godat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Cinzia Bocca
- PPF, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Joseph Moënne-Loccoz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Patrick Emond
- INSERM U930, équipe Neurogenetics and Neurometabolomics, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
- PPF, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Christian R Andres
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
- INSERM U930, équipe Neurogenetics and Neurometabolomics, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Marc Laffon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Martine Ferrandière
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
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15
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Rizzo R, Bergamini G, Bortolotti D, Leal T, D'Orazio C, Pintani E, Melchiorri L, Zavatti E, Assael BM, Sorio C, Melotti P. HLA-G expression and regulation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:363-73. [PMID: 26934639 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated immune response fails to control biofilm-forming bacteria, as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. HLA-G is an immune-modulatory molecule involved in respiratory diseases and infections. MATERIALS & METHODS HLA-G mRNA and protein were analyzed in plasma and exhaled breath condensate from CF patients undergoing intravenous antibiotic treatment, CF cell line and murine model. RESULTS Therapy normalizes HLA-G plasmatic in CF patients suggesting a systemic anti-inflammatory role while in CF airway system, higher expression of HLA-G is associated with P. aeruginosa infection. CF cell line and murine model expressed higher HLA-G molecules in the presence of P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSION Plasmatic and lung HLA-G expression suggest a role in reducing systemic inflammation and supporting P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rizzo
- Section of Microbiology & Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences Department, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bergamini
- Section of Microbiology & Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences Department, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daria Bortolotti
- Section of Microbiology & Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences Department, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Teresinha Leal
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place de l'Université 1, 1348, Belgium
| | - Ciro D'Orazio
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37122 Verona VR, Italy
| | - Emily Pintani
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37122 Verona VR, Italy
| | - Loredana Melchiorri
- Section of Microbiology & Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences Department, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zavatti
- Service Planning and Management Control, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Baroukh M Assael
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37122 Verona VR, Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37122 Verona VR, Italy
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16
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Ojanguren I, Cruz MJ, Villar A, Sanchez-Ortiz M, Morell F, Munoz X. Changes in PH in exhaled breath condensate after specific bronchial challenge test in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a prospective study. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:109. [PMID: 26420256 PMCID: PMC4589182 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the specific inhalation challenge (SIC) on changes of pH values in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Methods A prospective study of 85 patients with suspected HP, of whom 63 were diagnosed with HP due to exposure to avian or fungal antigens. In all cases, EBC samples were collected before and after completion of the SIC and pH values were determined. Results Taken as a whole, patients with HP did not present changes in EBC pH after SIC. However, considering only patients with exposure to molds, those diagnosed with HP had a significantly more acid pH post-SIC than those with another diagnosis (p = 0.011). This fact is not observed in patients exposed to bird’s antigens. A ROC curve showed that a reduction in EBC pH of 0.3 units or more after SIC in patients diagnosed with HP due to exposure to molds had a sensitivity of 30 % (CI: 12.8 to 54.3 %) and a specificity of 100 % (CI: 65.5 to 100 %). Conclusion EBC pH may be useful in interpreting SIC results in patients with HP, especially in those patients exposed to molds. Further studies are now required to test the validity of these proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ojanguren
- Servicio de Neumología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Vall d´Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M J Cruz
- Servicio de Neumología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Vall d´Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Villar
- Servicio de Neumología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Vall d´Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Sanchez-Ortiz
- Servicio de Neumología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Vall d´Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Morell
- Servicio de Neumología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Vall d´Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Munoz
- Servicio de Neumología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Vall d´Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain. .,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Fernández-Peralbo MA, Calderón Santiago M, Priego-Capote F, Luque de Castro MD. Study of exhaled breath condensate sample preparation for metabolomics analysis by LC-MS/MS in high resolution mode. Talanta 2015; 144:1360-9. [PMID: 26452970 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) requires an unavoidable sample preparation step because of the low concentration of its components, and potential cleanup for possible interferents. Sample preparation based on protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE) by hydrophilic and lipophilic sorbents or lyophilization has demonstrated that the analytical sample from the last is largely the best because lyophilization allows reconstitution in a volume as small as required (preconcentration factors up to 80-times with respect to the original sample), thus doubling the number of detected compounds as compared with the other alternatives (47 versus 25). In addition, PP and/or SPE cleanup are unnecessary as no effect from the EBC components removed by these steps appears in the chromatograms. The total 49 EBC compounds tentatively identified and confirmed by MS/MS in this research include amino acids, fatty acids, fatty amides, fatty aldehydes, sphingoid bases, oxoanionic compounds, imidazoles, hydroxy acids and aliphatic acyclic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fernández-Peralbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Calderón Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M D Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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18
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Radulovic M, Bauman WA, Wecht JM, LaFountaine M, Kahn N, Hobson J, Singh K, Renzi C, Yen C, Schilero GJ. Biomarkers of inflammation in persons with chronic tetraplegia. J Breath Res 2015; 9:036001. [PMID: 25971935 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/3/036001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In addition to lung volume restriction, individuals with chronic tetraplegia exhibit reduced airway caliber and bronchodilator responsiveness similar to persons with asthma. In asthma, airflow obstruction is closely linked to airway inflammation. Conversely, little is known regarding the airway inflammatory response in tetraplegia. To compare levels of biomarkers of inflammation in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and serum in subjects with chronic tetraplegia, mild asthma, and able-bodied controls.Prospective, observational pilot study. Thirty-four subjects participated: tetraplegia (n = 12), asthma (n = 12), controls (n = 10). Biomarkers in EBC [8-isoprostane (8-IP), leukotriene B4 (LT-B4), prostaglandin E2 (PG-E2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6)] and serum (8-IP, LT-B4, TNF-α, IL-6) were determined using commercially available EIA kits (Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI). Separate, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post-hoc analyses were performed to determine group differences in demographic and dependent variables [EBC and serum biomarkers, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), pulmonary function parameters, and specific airway conductance (sGaw)]. The tetraplegia group had significantly elevated 8-IP levels in EBC compared to the asthma (68 ± 38 versus 21 ± 13 pg ml(-1); p < 0.001) and control groups (22 ± 13 pg ml(-1); p < 0.01), respectively. FeNO levels were significantly elevated in the asthma compared to the control group (26 ± 18 versus 11 ± 4 ppb; p < 0.05), and trended higher than levels in the tetraplegia group (15 ± 6; p = 0.08). Levels of serum biomarkers did not differ significantly among groups. Through analysis of EBC, levels of 8-IP were significantly elevated compared to levels found in individuals with mild asthma and healthy controls. Further studies are needed to extend upon these preliminary findings that suggest the presence of airway inflammation in subjects with chronic tetraplegia, and how this relates to pulmonary dysfunction in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Radulovic
- Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, The James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA. Medical Service, The James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA. Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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19
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Bean HD, Jiménez-Díaz J, Zhu J, Hill JE. Breathprints of model murine bacterial lung infections are linked with immune response. Eur Respir J 2014; 45:181-90. [PMID: 25323243 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00015814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this model study, we explored the host's contribution of breath volatiles to diagnostic secondary electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) breathprints for acute bacterial lung infections, their correlation with the host's immune response, and their use in identifying the lung pathogen. Murine airways were exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cell lysates or to PBS (controls), and their breath and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected at six time points (from 6 to 120 h) after exposure. Five to six mice per treatment group and four to six mice per control group were sampled at each time. Breath volatiles were analysed using SESI-MS and the BALF total leukocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and cytokine concentrations were quantified. Lysate exposure breathprints contain host volatiles that persist for up to 120 h; are pathogen specific; are unique from breathprints of controls, active infections and cleared infections; and are correlated with the host's immune response. Bacterial lung infections induce changes to the host's breath volatiles that are selective and specific predictors of the source of infection. Harnessing the pathogen-specific volatiles in the host's breath may provide useful information for detecting latent bacterial lung infections and managing the spread of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Bean
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Jaime Jiménez-Díaz
- School of Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- School of Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jane E Hill
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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20
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Huttunen K, Tiihonen K, Roponen M, Heederik D, Zock JP, Täubel M, Hyvärinen A, Hirvonen MR. The effect of assay type and sample matrix on detected cytokine concentrations in human blood serum and nasal lavage fluid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Diamant Z, Tufvesson E, Bjermer L. Which biomarkers are effective for identifying Th2-driven inflammation in asthma? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2014; 13:477-86. [PMID: 23918590 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-013-0376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of asthma as a heterogeneous disease revealed different potential molecular targets and urged the development of targeted, customized treatment modalities. Evidence was provided for different inflammatory subsets of asthma and more recently, further refined to T helper (Th)2-high and Th2-low subphenotypes with different responsiveness to standard and targeted pharmacotherapy. Given these differences in immunology and pathophysiology, proof of concept studies of novel treatment modalities for asthma should be performed in adequate, well-defined phenotypes. In this review, we describe both existing and novel biomarkers of Th2-inflammation in asthma that can be applied to classify asthma subphenotypes in clinical studies and for treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Diamant
- Institute for Clinical Science, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Klinikgatan 18, S-221 85, Lund, Sweden,
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23
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Rosso MI, Roark S, Taylor E, Ping X, Ward JM, Roche K, McCracken C, Brown LAS, Gauthier TW. Exhaled breath condensate in intubated neonates--a window into the lung's glutathione status. Respir Res 2014; 15:1. [PMID: 24397246 PMCID: PMC3890556 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of exhaled breath condensates (EBC) is a non-invasive technique to evaluate biomarkers such as antioxidants in the pediatric population, but limited data exists of its use in intubated patients, particularly newborns. Currently, tracheal aspirate (TA) serves as the gold standard collection modality in critically ill newborns, but this method remains invasive. We tested the hypothesis that glutathione status would positively correlate between EBC and TA collections in intubated newborns in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU). We also hypothesized that these measurements would be associated with alveolar macrophage (AM) glutathione status in the newborn lung. METHODS Reduced glutathione (rGSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and total GSH (rGSH + (2 X GSSG)) were measured in sequential EBC and TA samples from 26 intubated newborns via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, AM glutathione was evaluated via immunofluorescence. Pearson's correlation coefficient and associated 95% confidence intervals were used to quantify the associations between raw and urea-corrected concentrations in EBC and TA samples and AM staining. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05 using two-tailed tests. The sample size was projected to allow for a correlation coefficient of 0.5, with 0.8 power and alpha of 0.05. RESULTS EBC was obtainable from intubated newborns without adverse clinical events. EBC samples demonstrated moderate to strong positive correlations with TA samples in terms of rGSH, GSSG and total GSH. Positive correlations between the two sampling sites were observed in both raw and urea-corrected concentrations of rGSH, GSSG and total GSH. AM glutathione staining moderately correlated with GSSG and total GSH status in both the TA and EBC. CONCLUSIONS GSH status in EBC samples of intubated newborns significantly correlated with the GSH status of the TA sample and was reflective of cellular GSH status in this cohort of neonatal patients. Non-invasive EBC sampling of intubated newborns holds promise for monitoring antioxidant status such as GSH in the premature lung. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential relationships between EBC biomarkers in the intubated premature newborn and respiratory morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Theresa W Gauthier
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Abstract
Over the past three decades, the goal of many researchers is analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as noninvasively obtained sample. A total quality in laboratory diagnostic processes in EBC analysis was investigated: pre-analytical (formation, collection, storage of EBC), analytical (sensitivity of applied methods, standardization) and post-analytical (interpretation of results) phases. EBC analysis is still used as a research tool. Limitations referred to pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of EBC analysis are numerous, e.g. low concentrations of EBC constituents, single-analyte methods lack in sensitivity, and multi-analyte has not been fully explored, and reference values are not established. When all, pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical requirements are met, EBC biomarkers as well as biomarker patterns can be selected and EBC analysis can hopefully be used in clinical practice, in both, the diagnosis and in the longitudinal follow-up of patients, resulting in better outcome of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Dodig
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Fyodorov VI, Karapuzikov AA, Starikova MK. PROTEINS, PEPTIDES AND AMINO ACIDS AS MARKERS OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2013-6-167-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The article is a review of current literature on a content of proteins, peptides and amino acids in human exhaled breath. The results of proteomics and metabolomics applying for selective detection of individual proteins, peptides and amino acids are described. The study of exhaled breath condensate and exhaled endogenous particles contained lung proteins are considered. The peculiarities of protein, peptide and amino acid content in exhaled breath at various respiratory diseases are described. It is shown that the detectable substances may be specific markers of individual diseases.
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Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Chronic Dis 2013; 2013:578613. [PMID: 26464846 PMCID: PMC4590922 DOI: 10.1155/2013/578613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are leading causes of deaths worldwide which are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Lung cancer, in particular, has a very high mortality rate due to the characteristically late diagnosis. As such, identification of novel biomarkers which allow for early diagnosis of these diseases could improve outcome and survival rate. Markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are examples of potential diagnostic markers for both COPD and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They may even be useful in monitoring treatment response. In the serum, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 of the S100 proteins are proinflammatory markers. They have been indicated in several inflammatory diseases and cancers including secondary metastasis into the lung. It is highly likely that they not only have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC but also prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
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Sarcoidosis: Immunopathogenesis and Immunological Markers. Int J Chronic Dis 2013; 2013:928601. [PMID: 26464848 PMCID: PMC4590933 DOI: 10.1155/2013/928601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder invariably affecting the lungs. It is a disease with noteworthy variations in clinical manifestation and disease outcome and has been described as an “immune paradox” with peripheral anergy despite exaggerated inflammation at disease sites. Despite extensive research, sarcoidosis remains a disease with undetermined aetiology. Current evidence supports the notion that the immune response in sarcoidosis is driven by a putative antigen in a genetically susceptible individual. Unfortunately, there currently exists no reliable biomarker to delineate the disease severity and prognosis. As such, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis remains a vexing clinical challenge. In this review, we outline the immunological features of sarcoidosis, discuss the evidence for and against various candidate etiological agents (infective and noninfective), describe the exhaled breath condensate, a novel method of identifying immunological biomarkers, and suggest other possible immunological biomarkers to better characterise the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
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