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Sexual Victimization, Self-Efficacy to Refuse Sex While Drinking, and Regretting Alcohol-Involved Sex among Underserved Youth in Kampala, Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19041915. [PMID: 35206104 PMCID: PMC8871664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine whether youth who have experienced sexual victimization (SV) have lower self-efficacy to refuse sex and to identify intervention strategies for rape survivors to mitigate further health-risks and harm. Cross-sectional data from the 2014 Kampala Youth Survey (n = 1134) of youth aged 12 to 18 years recruited from Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers were used to conduct the analyses. Multivariable statistics were computed to determine the correlates (i.e., sex, education, homelessness, problem drinking, and SV) for (1) self-efficacy to refuse sex, (2) self-efficacy to refuse sex while drinking, and (3) regretting sex due to alcohol use. Among participants, 16.9% reported SV (79% were female and 21% were male). In the final adjusted model, self-efficacy to refuse sex while drinking was only associated with homelessness (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.74). Previous SV was not associated with lower self-reports of self-efficacy to refuse sex compared to those who had not experienced SV. Additionally, SV was not associated with increased reports of regrets for sex attributed to alcohol use. Alcohol prevention strategies for the most at-risk youth, including homeless youth, are warranted to improve self-efficacy to refuse sex among youth living in the slums of Kampala.
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Gebeyehu NA, Chanko KP, Yesigat YM. Factors Associated with Condom Use Self-Efficacy Among Preparatory School Students in Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2020; 12:363-371. [PMID: 32884362 PMCID: PMC7431454 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s256683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Condoms are playing a central role in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, human immune virus, and unintended pregnancy particularly among young peoples. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors associated with condom use self-efficacy among preparatory school youths in Sodo town, Ethiopia. METHODS This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 study participants from January 25 to February 20, 2020. Data were collected using a validated pretested structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done and results were presented in texts and tables. Those variables at bivariate analysis with p-value <0.2 at 95% confidence level were moved to a multivariate logistic regression model to control potential confounding variables. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to ascertain association during multivariate analysis model. Statistical tests at P-value <0.05 were considered as cutoff point to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Out of a total of 424 youths, only 416 had participated in the study yielding a response rate of 98.1%. The prevalence of higher self-efficacy among respondents was 70%. Factors that were independently associated with condom use self-efficacy in multivariate analysis were having sexual experience (AOR=2.047,95% CI:1.141-3.675), having life goals (AOR=1.736, 95% CI: 1.021-2.951), having social support (AOR=2.395,95% CI:1.501-5.458), and having good knowledge about condoms (AOR=2.535,95% CI:1.499-4.282). CONCLUSION The finding of this study showed that participants who had sexual experience, social support, knowledge of the human immune virus, and having life goals were found to be significantly associated with condom use self-efficacy. These results suggest ways to increase self-efficacy for condom use among youth that can increase the effectiveness of future interventions for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natnael Atnafu Gebeyehu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Kebreab Paulos Chanko
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Mesfin Yesigat
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Woliktie University, Wolkitie, Ethiopia
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Socio-demographic, Marital, and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Condom Use Negotiation Self-Efficacy Among Mozambican Women at Risk for HIV Infection. Int J Behav Med 2018; 24:846-855. [PMID: 28831688 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-017-9681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Mozambique, women are the most affected by HIV/AIDS. Self-efficacy is one of the main predictors of effective use of a condom. Therefore, it is essential to identify the factors that influence condom-use negotiation self-efficacy in vulnerable women. The aim of this paper is to identify socio-demographic, marital, and psychosocial factors associated with condom-use negotiation self-efficacy among Mozambican women at risk for HIV infection. METHODS Participants were women (173) who were patients at the Gynecology Department of the Central Hospital of Beira, Mozambique, and at risk for HIV infection. Women completed measures of condom-use negotiation self-efficacy, HIV prevention knowledge, and perceived barriers against safer sex. RESULTS The results showed that demographic and marital variables are associated with condom-use negotiation self-efficacy, namely, those having more than 9 years of education, who are younger and not living with a partner, and who talk about AIDS with partners report higher condom-use negotiation self-efficacy. Regarding psychosocial factors, higher HIV prevention knowledge and fewer perceived barriers to safer sex predict higher condom-use negotiation self-efficacy. CONCLUSION These results can contribute to sexual health promotion and HIV/AIDS prevention in Mozambican women because they identify at-risk groups and marital and psychosocial malleable factors that can be targeted in AIDS prevention among at-risk Mozambican women.
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Closson K, Dietrich JJ, Lachowsky NJ, Nkala B, Palmer A, Cui Z, Beksinska M, Smit JA, Hogg RS, Gray G, Miller CL, Kaida A. Sexual Self-Efficacy and Gender: A Review of Condom Use and Sexual Negotiation Among Young Men and Women in Sub-Saharan Africa. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:522-539. [PMID: 29466024 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1421607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sexual self-efficacy (SSE), one's perceived control of or confidence in the ability to perform a given sexual outcome, predicts sexual behavior; however, important questions remain regarding whether gender modifies observed associations. In a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed HIV-prevention literature focusing on youth (ages 10 to 25) in sub-Saharan Africa, we measured and assessed the influence of SSE on condom use and sexual refusal, overall and by gender. Our results, after reviewing 63 publications, show that SSE is inconsistently measured. Most studies measured condom use self-efficacy (CUSE) (96.8%) and/or sexual refusal self-efficacy (SRSE) (63.5%). On average, young men had higher CUSE than young women, while young women had higher SRSE than young men. While cross-sectional studies reported an association between high SSE and sexual behaviors, this association was not observed in interventions, particularly among young women who face a disproportionate risk of HIV acquisition. In all, 25% of intervention studies demonstrated that fostering CUSE increased condom use among young men only, and one of two studies demonstrated that higher SRSE led to reduced frequency of sexual activity for both men and women. Future research and HIV-prevention interventions must be gender targeted, consider improving CUSE for young men, and move beyond limited individual-level sexual behavior change frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalysha Closson
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
| | - Janan J Dietrich
- c Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
- d School of Public Health and Social Policy , University of Victoria
| | - Busiwe Nkala
- c Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand
- e Faculty of Humanities , University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Alexis Palmer
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
| | - Zishan Cui
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
| | - Mags Beksinska
- f MatCH Research Unit [Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health Research Unit], Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Jennifer A Smit
- f MatCH Research Unit [Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health Research Unit], Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Robert S Hogg
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
| | - Glenda Gray
- c Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Cari L Miller
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University
| | - Angela Kaida
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University
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Closson K, Dietrich JJ, Lachowsky NJ, Nkala B, Palmer A, Cui Z, Chia J, Hogg RS, Gray G, Miller CL, Kaida A. Gender, Sexual Self-Efficacy and Consistent Condom Use Among Adolescents Living in the HIV Hyper-Endemic Setting of Soweto, South Africa. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:671-680. [PMID: 29090395 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Within HIV-endemic settings, few studies have examined gendered associations between sexual self-efficacy (SSE), one's confidence or perceived control over sexual behavior, and uptake of HIV prevention behaviors. Using cross-sectional survey data from 417 sexually-experienced adolescents (aged 14-19, median age = 18, 60% female) in Soweto, South Africa, we measured SSE using a 6-item scale (range:0-6) with 'high-SSE' = score > 3 (study alpha = 0.75). Gender-stratified logistic regression models assessed associations between high-SSE and lifetime consistent condom use. A higher proportion of women reported high-SSE (68.7%) than men (49.5%, p < 0.001). We observed no difference in reported consistent condom use by gender (45.5% among women, 45.8% among men; p = 0.943). In confounder models, high-SSE was associated with consistent condom use among men (aOR = 3.51, 95%CI = 1.86-6.64), but not women (aOR = 1.43, 95%CI = 0.74-2.77). Findings highlight that individual-level psychosocial factors are insufficient for understanding condom use and must be considered alongside the relational, social, and structural environments within which young women navigate their sexual lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalysha Closson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janan Janine Dietrich
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Busi Nkala
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alexis Palmer
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zishan Cui
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jason Chia
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert S Hogg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Glenda Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cari L Miller
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, Canada
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, Canada.
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Closson K, Dietrich J, Lachowsky NJ, Nkala B, Cui Z, Chia J, Hogg RS, Gray G, Kaida A, Miller CL. Gender differences in prevalence and correlates of high sexual self-efficacy among adolescents in Soweto, South Africa: implications for gender-sensitive research and programming. AIDS Care 2017; 30:435-443. [PMID: 29058527 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1391983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) - one's confidence in their ability to perform given sexual behaviours, has been shown to predict adolescents' HIV-prevention practices (e.g., Condom use). Few studies within sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV incidence and prevalence disproportionately affects young women, have examined gendered differences in SSE. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify correlates of high-SSE separately among adolescent men and women (aged 14-19) in Soweto, South Africa using a previously validated SSE scale (high-SSE [>3/6 items]; study-alpha = 0.75). SSE scale items assessed self-efficacy related to sexual refusal and condom use. Adolescent women were significantly more likely to report high-SSE than adolescent men (72.3% versus 49.5%; p < 0.01). High-SSE among adolescent men was associated with more positive beliefs about sexual relationships and negatively associated with probable depression. High-SSE among adolescent women was associated with increased HIV knowledge, more positive beliefs about condom use and sexual relationships, having an adult in the home, and negatively associated with being an older adolescent (16-17 versus ≤15), and ever experiencing physical violence. Differences in prevalence and correlates of SSE among adolescent men and women in South Africa highlight important areas for gender-sensitive interventions. Targeted efforts to reduce negative sexual beliefs, improve HIV knowledge and mental well-being may improve SSE and thus the uptake of HIV-prevention practices among adolescent men. For adolescent women, findings indicate programming should move beyond individual-levels determinants of behaviour to focus on improving enabling environments (e.g., Reduced violence and improved family relationships) in which sexual agency can be enacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalysha Closson
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University (SFU) , Burnaby , Canada.,b Department is Epidemiology and Population Health Program , British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Janan Dietrich
- c Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- b Department is Epidemiology and Population Health Program , British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada.,d School of Public Health and Social Policy , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
| | - Busi Nkala
- c Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,e Faculty of Humanities , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Zishan Cui
- b Department is Epidemiology and Population Health Program , British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Jason Chia
- b Department is Epidemiology and Population Health Program , British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Robert S Hogg
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University (SFU) , Burnaby , Canada.,b Department is Epidemiology and Population Health Program , British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Glenda Gray
- c Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Angela Kaida
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University (SFU) , Burnaby , Canada
| | - Cari L Miller
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University (SFU) , Burnaby , Canada
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Mitchell K, Moynihan M, Pitcher C, Francis A, English A, Saewyc E. Rethinking research on sexual exploitation of boys: Methodological challenges and recommendations to optimize future knowledge generation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 66:142-151. [PMID: 28190570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research and policies on child and adolescent sexual exploitation frequently focus on the sexual exploitation of girls and fail to recognize the experiences of sexually exploited boys, including their potentially unique health care and social support needs. This oversight limits the ability of health care and social service providers to offer both targeted and evidence informed care to sexually exploited boys. As a first step in a larger grant to understand the experiences of sexually exploited boys and to develop interventions for this specific population, we conducted a systematic review to address the question, "What is the state of the research on sexually exploited boys internationally?" As we undertook this review, we faced a number of significant challenges that made the process more difficult than anticipated. In this paper we discuss four key methodological challenges we encountered: lack of a consistent definition of child and adolescent sexual exploitation, difficulties in differentiating sexual exploitation as a specific concept within child sexual abuse, failure to disaggregate data usefully across multiple variables, and limited epidemiological studies to inform prevalence. We reflect on how these challenges limited our ability to systematically analyze, synthesize, and interpret the available research. We conclude by making recommendations to improve the state of the research regarding sexually exploited boys with the aim of better informing future policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Mitchell
- Department of Adolescent Health and Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Melissa Moynihan
- Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Claire Pitcher
- Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Annabel Francis
- Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abigail English
- Center for Adolescent Health & the Law, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Saewyc
- Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Parriault MC, Van Melle A, Basurko C, Adriouch L, Rogier S, Couppié P, Nacher M. The use of structural equation modelling and behavioural theory to target priority interventions to increase condom use among the intimate partners of sex workers in French Guiana. AIDS Care 2016; 28:1600-1606. [PMID: 27248182 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1191607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
French Guiana is the French overseas territory that is most affected by HIV. Sex work seems to be an important driver of the epidemic. Although female sex workers are informed by local NGOs, they still have risky behaviours, including not using condoms with their intimate partner despite knowing HIV is highly prevalent. The objective of this study was to find intervention targets on this specific behaviour. For this, a structural equation model (SEM) was built using assumptions from behavioural theories. Behaviour theories attempt to connect research and practice. Within the health belief model framework, perceived threats, perceived benefits, and self-perceived efficacy were tested. Vulnerability was added because of the particular context of French Guiana. The results highlight that female sex workers' perceived self-efficacy was central in condom use with the intimate partner (with a significant correlation coefficient of 0.52 in the SEM). The perceived self-efficacy was strongly influenced by sociodemographic factors, particularly by nationality. Female sex workers from Brazil seemed to be more comfortable about asking their intimate partner to use condoms (OR: 7.81; CI: 1.87-32.63) than sex workers of other nationalities. These results emphasize that prevention interventions for female sex workers should emphasize their empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Van Melle
- a INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne General Hospital , Cayenne , French Guiana
| | - Célia Basurko
- a INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne General Hospital , Cayenne , French Guiana
| | - Leila Adriouch
- b COREVIH Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital , Cayenne , French Guiana
| | - Stéphanie Rogier
- a INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne General Hospital , Cayenne , French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- c Department of Dermatology , Cayenne General Hospital , Cayenne , French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- a INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne General Hospital , Cayenne , French Guiana.,b COREVIH Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital , Cayenne , French Guiana
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Pourmarzi D, Khoramirad A, Ahmari Tehran H, Abedini Z. Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of HIV/AIDS Related Stigma Scale for People Living With HIV/AIDS in Iran. J Family Reprod Health 2015; 9:164-71. [PMID: 27047562 PMCID: PMC4818378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the perceived HIV/AIDS related stigma a comprehensive and well developed stigma instrument is necessary. This study aimed to assess validity and reliability of the Persian version of HIV/AIDS related stigma scale which was developed by Kang et al for people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thescale was forward translatedby two bilingual academic members then both translations were discussed by expert team. Back-translation was done by two other bilingual translators then we carried out discussion with both of them. To evaluate understandability the scale was administered to 10 Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Final Persian version was administered to 80 PLWHA in Qom, Iran in 2014. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a sample of 20 PLWHA after a week by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Cronbach's alpha coefficient for overall scale was 0.85. Also Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the five subscales were as follows: social rejection (9 items, α = 0.84), negative self-worth (4 items, α = 0.70), perceived interpersonal insecurity (2 items, α = 0.57), financial insecurity (3 items, α = 0.70), discretionary disclosure (2 items, α = 0.83). Test-retest reliability was also approved with ICC = 0.78. Correlation between items and their hypothesized subscale is greater than 0.5. Correlation between an item and its own subscale was significantly higher than its correlation with other subscales. CONCLUSION This study demonstrate that the Persian version of HIV/AIDS related stigma scale is valid and reliable to assess HIV/AIDS related stigma perceived by people living whit HIV/AIDS in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Pourmarzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Reproductive Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ashraf Khoramirad
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hoda Ahmari Tehran
- Department of Medical Education, M.sc in Midwifery, PhD Student of Medical Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abedini
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Saffari M, Zeidi IM, Fridlund B, Chen H, Pakpour AH. A Persian Adaptation of Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale (MASES) in Hypertensive Patients: Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2015; 22:247-55. [PMID: 25986076 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-015-0101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor adherence to anti-hypertensive treatment significantly contributes to the failure to achieve well-controlled blood pressure in patients with hypertension. AIM To convert the original English version of Medication Adherence Self-efficacy Scale (MASES) into a Persian version for clinical application in hypertensive patients. METHODS The backward-forward translation method was used to produce the Persian version of the questionnaire. Then the internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory Factor Analysis was applied to extract the components of the questionnaire. Correlation between blood pressures and drug adherence was then determined using the Persian MASES in hypertensive patients. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Persian version of MASES was >0.92, suggesting that it can yield consistent results. Exploratory Factor Analysis suggested an uni-dimensionality of the scale. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension showed poor adherence to hypertensive medications, therefore had significant lower self-efficacy scores than those with well-controlled blood pressure by medications. CONCLUSION The Persian version of MASES is valid and reliable to assess self-efficacy of antihypertensive medication adherence in hypertensive patient, which is helpful to improve medication compliance in such patients in order to achieve better blood pressure controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Hsu HY, Yu HY, Lou JH, Eng CJ. Relationships among sexual self-concept and sexual risk cognition toward sexual self-efficacy in adolescents: cause-and-effect model testing. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2014; 12:124-34. [PMID: 25346398 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Sexual self-efficacy plays an important role in adolescents' sexual health. The aim of this study was to test a cause-and-effect model of sexual self-concept and sexual risk cognition toward sexual self-efficacy in adolescents. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional survey. Using a random sampling method, a total of 713 junior nursing students were invited to participate in the study, and 465 valid surveys were returned, resulting in a return rate of 65.2%. The data was collected using an anonymous mailed questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships among sexual self-concept, sexual risk cognition, and sexual self-efficacy, as well as the mediating role of sexual risk cognition. RESULTS The results revealed that the postulated model fits the data well. Sexual self-concept significantly predicted sexual risk cognition and sexual self-efficacy. Sexual risk cognition significantly predicted sexual self-efficacy and had a mediating effect on the relationship between sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy. CONCLUSION Based on social cognitive theory and a structural equation model technique, this study confirmed the mediating role of sexual risk cognition in the relationship between sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy. Also, sexual self-concept's direct and indirect effects explaining adolescents' sexual self-efficacy were found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Yueh Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Liu H, Xu Y, Sun Y, Dumenci L. Measuring HIV stigma at the family level: psychometric assessment of the Chinese Courtesy Stigma Scales (CCSSs). PLoS One 2014; 9:e92855. [PMID: 24658364 PMCID: PMC3962465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Courtesy stigma is the stigmatization a person perceives or experiences due to their association with a stigmatized individual or group. Most HIV-related stigma scales have been developed for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs), but not for their HIV-uninfected family members. To date, few measurement scales have been designed to measure the degree of stigma among both PLWHAs and their HIV-uninfected family members at the family level. We developed a set of courtesy stigma scales and estimated their reliability and validity from 256 PLWHAs and 256 of their HIV-uninfected family members. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed in two independent samples: a development sample (N = 216) and a validation sample (N = 296), respectively. Two factors (“public stigma” and “self-perceived stigma”) had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.83–0.90) and good construct validity (standardized factor loading range: 0.37–0.95) in both samples. These findings document that the newly developed brief instrument is a psychometrically sound measure of HIV-related stigma among both PLWHAs and their HIV-uninfected family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongfang Xu
- Department of HIV/AIDS Control, Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Levent Dumenci
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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