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Cai T, Chen M, Yang J, Tang C, Lu X, Wei Z, Jiang H, Hou Y, Zhao J, Yu P. An AuNPs-based electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of 25-hydroxy vitamin D 3. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:599-607. [PMID: 38190076 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) is the main form of vitamin D and an essential nutrient for maintaining human life. Currently, traditional methods for detecting 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25(OH)D3) are complex and expensive. In this study, we constructed an accurate, sensitive, simple, and cost-effective label-free biosensor based on an aptamer for the detection of 25(OH)D3. The aptamer-modified sulfhydryl adopted self-assembly as a way to stably immobilize at the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface modified by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Upon 25(OH)D3 binding to the aptamer, the complexes inhibit electron transfer at the electrode surface, leading to reduced [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox peak current. Consequently, the quantity of 25(OH)D3 that interacts with the electrode-bound aptamer correlates with the observed electric current response values. The Aptamer/AuNPs/GCE aptasensor achieved direct and highly sensitive detection of 25(OH)D3 over a wide concentration range (1.0-1000 nM), with a limit of detection of 1.0 nM. At the same time, other molecules with a similar structure, such as 25(OH)D2, Vitamin D3, and Vitamin D2, had lower response interference than 25(OH)D3. Therefore, this biosensor has great potential to become a portable diagnostic device for 25(OH)D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongji Cai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Meilun Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hanbing Jiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yucui Hou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Changsha Cinotohi Technology Co., Ltd, No. 601, North Dongfanghong Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Turrell G, Thrimawithana T, Itsiopoulos C, Greaves RF, Zakaria R. Method validation for a greener approach to the quantification of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in patient serum using supported liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:e255-e258. [PMID: 37287395 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Turrell
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Ronda F Greaves
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosita Zakaria
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Kimsa-Furdzik M, Bednarek A, Hibner G, Czajka-Francuz P, Cisoń-Jurek S, Karawasiecka D, Szymczak B, Wojnar J, Chudek J, Francuz T. Vitamin D and Its Metabolites Status before and during Chemotherapy in Caucasian Breast Cancer Patients. Metabolites 2023; 13:996. [PMID: 37755276 PMCID: PMC10534610 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predictive role of vitamin D (VD) in breast cancer (BC) patients' survival is still being investigated. This paper aims to evaluate the changes in VD metabolites during chemotherapy (CTH) and the predictive role of VD status in Caucasian BC patients treated with CTH. METHODS Vitamin D and its metabolites were assessed with reference LC-MS/MS methodology in 98 consecutive BC patients starting CHT, after 3 and 6 months, and compared to the control group. RESULTS The frequency of VD deficiency in BC patients was greater than in the control group (56.1% vs. 37.2%). After 6 months of CTH, the number of VD-deficient BC patients slightly increased to 60%. The concentrations of VD active forms [25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3], and catabolites [24,25(OH)2D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3] decreased after 3 and 6 months of CTH compared to the baseline values. Strong positive correlations between concentrations of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D in both groups were found. Similar correlations were also observed between 24,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D levels. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significantly longer survival in BC patients without deficiency (>20 ng/mL) at baseline (HR = 2.44 (95% CI 1.07-5.59), p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS (1) Our data provide further evidence that BC patients before CTH are more VD-deficient than the general population and this deficiency increases further during CTH treatment, as observed using the reference LC-MS methodology. (2) Presented results show that VD catabolism is not affected in BC patients. (3) The poorer survival in VD-deficient BP patients supports the importance of VD supplementation in BC patients with 25(OH)D levels below 20 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kimsa-Furdzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.-F.); (G.H.)
| | - Anna Bednarek
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, 47 Ziołowa St., 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Reymonta 8 St., 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.C.-J.); (D.K.); (B.S.); (J.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Hibner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.-F.); (G.H.)
| | - Paulina Czajka-Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Reymonta 8 St., 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.C.-J.); (D.K.); (B.S.); (J.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Sylwia Cisoń-Jurek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Reymonta 8 St., 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.C.-J.); (D.K.); (B.S.); (J.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Dobromiła Karawasiecka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Reymonta 8 St., 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.C.-J.); (D.K.); (B.S.); (J.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Bożena Szymczak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Reymonta 8 St., 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.C.-J.); (D.K.); (B.S.); (J.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jerzy Wojnar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Reymonta 8 St., 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.C.-J.); (D.K.); (B.S.); (J.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Reymonta 8 St., 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.C.-J.); (D.K.); (B.S.); (J.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.-F.); (G.H.)
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Stephenson AJ, Hunter B, Shaw PN, Kassim NSA, Trengove R, Takechi R, Lam V, Mamo J. A highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of 7 vitamin D metabolites in mouse brain tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1357-1369. [PMID: 36705732 PMCID: PMC9928823 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite its critical role in neurodevelopment and brain function, vitamin D (vit-D) homeostasis, metabolism, and kinetics within the central nervous system remain largely undetermined. Thus, it is of critical importance to establish an accurate, highly sensitive, and reproducible method to quantitate vit-D in brain tissue. Here, we present a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and for the first time, demonstrate detection of seven major vit-D metabolites in brain tissues of C57BL/6J wild-type mice, namely 1,25(OH)2D3, 3-epi-1,25(OH)2D3, 1,25(OH)2D2, 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 24,25(OH)2D2. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a pentaflurophenyl column with 3 mM ammonium formate water/methanol [A] and 3 mM ammonium formate methanol/isopropanol [B] mobile phase components. Detection was by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with the EVOQ elite triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an Advance ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph and online extraction system. Calibration standards of each metabolite prepared in brain matrices were used to validate the detection range, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Isotopically labelled analogues, 1,25(OH)2D3-d3, 25(OH)D3-c5, and 24,25(OH)2D3-d6, served as the internal standards for the closest molecular-related metabolite in all measurements. Standards between 1 fg/mL and 10 ng/mL were injected with a resulting linear range between 0.001 and 1 ng, with an LLOD and LLOQ of 1 pg/mL and 12.5 pg/mL, respectively. The intra-/inter-day precision and accuracy for measuring brain vit-D metabolites ranged between 0.12-11.53% and 0.28-9.11%, respectively. Recovery in acetonitrile ranged between 99.09 and 106.92% for all metabolites. Collectively, the sensitivity and efficiency of our method supersedes previously reported protocols used to measure vit-D and to our knowledge, the first protocol to reveal the abundance of 25(OH)D2, 1,25(OH)D2, and 24,25(OH)2D2, in brain tissue of any species. This technique may be important in supporting the future advancement of pre-clinical research into the function of vit-D in neurophysiological and neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Joy Stephenson
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Benjamin Hunter
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
- Separation Science & Metabolomics Laboratory at Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Paul Nicholas Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD Australia
| | - Nur Sofiah Abu Kassim
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Science, University Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, Kuala Pilah, Malaysia
| | - Robert Trengove
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
- Separation Science & Metabolomics Laboratory at Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - John Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
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5
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Graphene oxide and fluorescent aptamer based novel biosensor for detection of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23456. [PMID: 34873222 PMCID: PMC8649066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For maintaining the healthy metabolic status, vitamin D is a beneficial metabolite stored majorly in its pre-activated form, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). Due to its important role in bone strengthening, the study was planned to quantify 25(OH)D3 levels in our blood. Quantification techniques for 25(OH)D3 are costly thus requiring a need for a low cost, and sensitive detection methods. In this work, an economic, and sensitive sensor for the detection of 25(OH)D3 was developed using aptamer and graphene oxide (GO). Aptamer is an oligonucleotide, sensitive towards its target, whereas, GO with 2D nanosheets provides excellent quenching surface. Aptamer labeled with fluorescein (5’, 6-FAM) is adsorbed by π–π interaction on the GO sheets leading to quenching of the fluorescence due to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). However, in the presence of 25(OH)D3, a major portion of aptamer fluorescence remains unaltered, due to its association with 25(OH)D3. However, in the absence, aptamer fluorescence gets fully quenched. Fluorescence intensity quenching was monitored using fluorescence spectrophotometer and agarose gel based system. The limit of detection of 25(OH)D3 by this method was found to be 0.15 µg/mL whereas when GO-COOH was used, limit of detection was improved to 0.075 µg/mL. Therefore, this method could come up as a new sensing method in the field of vitamin D detection.
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6
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Alharthi S, Attia MS, Abou-Omar MN. pH assists simultaneous determination of folic acid and vitamin D 3 in biological fluids using a novel Tb 3+-acyclovir optical biosensor. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20865-20873. [PMID: 35479388 PMCID: PMC9034052 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative, simple and cost effective Tb3+-acyclovir photo probe was designed and used as a core for a spectrofluorometric approach to sensitively determine two vital biological compounds in different matrices. The Tb3+-acyclovir complex displays a characteristic electrical band with λ em at 545 nm with significant luminescence intensity, which is quenched in the presence of folic acid and vitamin D3 at pH 5.0 and 9.0, respectively. The conditions were optimized and the best solvent for operation was found to be acetonitrile and λ ex at 340 nm. folic acid was successfully estimated in tablet dosage form, urine and serum in the concentration range of 2.28 × 10-6 to 1.49 × 10-9 mol L-1. Vitamin D3 was also assessed in serum samples using the same optimal conditions within the concentration range of 3.2 × 10-9 to 1.0 × 10-6 mol L -1. The proposed luminescence method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and found to be accurate, precise and specific and free from any interferences. The cost effectiveness and applicability of the method make it a good choice for routine analysis of the two compounds and early diagnosis of chronic diseases associated with abnormalities in their physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Taif University P. O. BOX 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Attia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt +202 1229867311 +202 1060819022
| | - M N Abou-Omar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Nikolac Gabaj N, Unic A, Miler M, Pavicic T, Culej J, Bolanca I, Herman Mahecic D, Milevoj Kopcinovic L, Vrtaric A. In sickness and in health: pivotal role of vitamin D. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2021; 30:020501. [PMID: 32550812 PMCID: PMC7271749 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2020.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last several years, frequency of vitamin D testing has multiplied substantially all over the world, since it has been shown to have an important role in many diseases and conditions. Even though liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been identified as "gold standard" method for vitamin D measurement, most laboratories still use immunochemistry methods. Besides analytical problems (hydrophobicity, low circulating concentrations, ability to bind to lipids, albumins and vitamin D binding protein, presence of multiple vitamin D metabolites and variable ratios of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 in the blood), vitamin D shows great preanalytical variability, since its concentration is drastically influenced by seasonal changes, exposure to sun, type of clothes or sun block creams. Vitamin D is mostly measured in serum or plasma, but new studies are showing importance of measuring vitamin D in pleural effusions, breast milk, urine, synovial fluid and saliva. Besides the main role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, many studies linked vitamin D deficiency with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, fertility and many other conditions. However, even though initial observational studies indicated that supplementation with vitamin D might be beneficial in disease development and progression; first results of well-designed randomized controlled prospective studies did not find differences in frequency of cardiovascular events or invasive cancer between patients taking vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo. In the light of these recent findings, validity of excessive vitamin D testing remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Nikolac Gabaj
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adriana Unic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Miler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Pavicic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Culej
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bolanca
- Department of Human Reproduction, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davorka Herman Mahecic
- Department for Endocrinology, Dieabetes and Metabolism, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lara Milevoj Kopcinovic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alen Vrtaric
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Kowalówka M, Główka AK, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Kosewski G. Clinical Significance of Analysis of Vitamin D Status in Various Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2788. [PMID: 32933052 PMCID: PMC7551674 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role not only in the proper functioning of the skeletal system and the calcium-phosphate equilibrium, but also in the immune system, the cardiovascular system and the growth and division of cells. Although numerous studies have reported on the analysis of vitamin D status in various groups of patients, the clinical significance of measurements of vitamin D forms and metabolites remains ambiguous. This article reviews the reports analyzing the status of vitamin D in various chronic states. Particular attention is given to factors affecting measurement of vitamin D forms and metabolites. Relevant papers published during recent years were identified by an extensive PubMed search using appropriate keywords. Measurement of vitamin D status proved to be a useful tool in diagnosis and progression of metabolic syndrome, neurological disorders and cancer. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has become the preferred method for analyzing the various forms and metabolites of vitamin D in biological fluids. Factors influencing vitamin D concentration, including socio-demographic and biochemical factors as well as the genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor, along with vitamin D transporters and enzymes participating in vitamin D metabolism should be considered as potential confounders of the interpretation of plasma total 25(OH)D concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Street, 60-354 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (A.K.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Anna K. Główka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Street, 60-354 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (A.K.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kosewski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Street, 60-354 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (A.K.G.); (G.K.)
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9
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Rola R, Kowalski K, Bieńkowski T, Studzińska S. Improved sample preparation method for fast LC-MS/MS analysis of vitamin D metabolites in serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113529. [PMID: 32841780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that more than 90% of vitamin D analysis are performed using immuno-enzymatic techniques, it is liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry that is currently the reference method. It allows for specific and selective analysis of all relevant vitamin D metabolites from a variety of biological materials, including serum or a dried blood spot. This paper presents development of a fast, cheap and high-throughput method of serum sample preparation using protein precipitation. For this purpose, organic solvent is used. Several substances were tested, including acetonitrile, methanol and their mixtures with zinc sulfate. However, the highest recovery values for the vitamin D metabolites were obtained for acetonitrile, with an organic solvent to serum ratio of 8:1. The preparation of a sample is carried out in 96-well plates and takes an hour and a half, together with a derivatization reaction using Cookson-type reagent 4-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione. Due to the fact that vitamin D metabolites are bound to proteins, the relationship between the content of organic solvent in the sample preparation process and their release from the protein complex was examined. The results indicate that the organic solvent content should be 30-70% in order to completely release the tested compounds from the proteins. In addition, the developed chromatographic method has eliminated false positive signals for the 24,25(OH)2D3 metabolite. Total analysis time is 5.5 min., while maintaining resolution necessary to separate the analyzed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rola
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., PL - 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Masdiag - Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, 33 Stefana Żeromskiego St. PL - 01-882 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Kowalski
- Masdiag - Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, 33 Stefana Żeromskiego St. PL - 01-882 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Bieńkowski
- Masdiag - Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, 33 Stefana Żeromskiego St. PL - 01-882 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Studzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., PL - 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Yalla N, Bobba G, Guo G, Stankiewicz A, Ostlund R. Parathyroid hormone reference ranges in healthy individuals classified by vitamin D status. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1353-1360. [PMID: 31273631 PMCID: PMC6790182 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations are routinely measured in the diagnosis and management of bone and kidney diseases, but reference ranges can be overestimated if determined in otherwise healthy individuals for whom vitamin D deficiency was not evaluated. We establish PTH reference ranges in apparently healthy, normocalcemic, normophosphatemic individuals categorized by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status using the Elecsys® PTH (cobas e 601) and Elecsys® Vitamin D total II electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (cobas e 411). METHODS This prospective, non-interventional study measured PTH in serum from 653 apparently healthy adults [56.7% female; 68.2% white/Caucasian; 28.6% African American; median age 44 years (range 21-83)] from three diverse geographic sites across the USA during summer and winter months. Subjects were classified by concomitant vitamin D sufficiency (≥ 30 ng/mL), insufficiency (> 20 to < 30 ng/mL) or deficiency (≤ 20 ng/mL). RESULTS In vitamin D sufficiency, median PTH was 31.9 pg/mL [range (2.5th-97.5th percentile) 17.9-58.6] compared with 35.5 pg/mL (17.0-60.4) for insufficiency, and 39.8 pg/mL (19.5-86.4) for deficiency. A significant inverse relationship was found between PTH and 25(OH)D (P < 0.001). After accounting for vitamin D, potential effects of race or season as covariates were relatively small or absent. CONCLUSIONS Upper reference limits (URL) for PTH in vitamin D sufficiency/insufficiency were similar and lower than current values. Clinically important PTH elevations were observed in vitamin D deficiency, where revised reference ranges with a higher URL may be appropriate. These data may help to distinguish vitamin D-related PTH elevations from other causes [e.g., primary (normocalcemic) or secondary hyperparathyroidism].
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yalla
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G Bobba
- Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - G Guo
- Roche Diagnostics Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - R Ostlund
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Singh P, Kumar M, Al Khodor S. Vitamin D Deficiency in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Exploring the Triad of Genetic Predisposition, the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1042. [PMID: 31134092 PMCID: PMC6524467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat soluble secosteroid that is primarily synthesized in the skin upon exposure to Ultraviolet B (UVB) sun rays. Vitamin D is essential for the growth and development of bones and helps in reducing inflammation by strengthening muscles and the immune system. Despite the endless supply of sunlight in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries which includes United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Oman, Vitamin D deficiency in the (GCC) general population at various age groups remains alarmingly high. In parallel runs the increasing prevalence of acute and chronic illnesses including, autoimmune diseases, cancer, type 1 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and Inflammatory bowel disease in the adult as well as the pediatric population of these countries. The exact association between Vitamin D deficiency and chronic disease conditions remains unclear; however, studies have focused on the mechanism of Vitamin D regulation by assessing the role of the Vitamin D associated genes/proteins such as VDR (Vitamin D receptor), VDBP (Vitamin D Binding protein), CYP27B1 as these are integral parts of the Vitamin D signaling pathway. VDR is known to regulate the expression of more than 200 genes across a wide array of tissues in the human body and may play a role in controlling the Vitamin D levels. Moreover, reduced Vitamin D level and downregulation of VDR have been linked to gut dysbiosis, highlighting an intriguing role for the gut microbiome in the Vitamin D metabolism. However, this role is not fully described yet. In this review, we aim to expand our understanding of the causes of Vitamin D deficiency in the GCC countries and explore the potential relationship between the genetic predisposition, Vitamin D levels, immune system and the gut microbiome composition. Trying to unravel this complex interaction may aid in understanding the mechanism by which Vitamin D contributes to various disease conditions and will pave the way toward new therapeutics treatments for Vitamin D deficiency and its associated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Rola R, Kowalski K, Bieńkowski T, Kołodyńska-Goworek A, Studzińska S. Development of a method for multiple vitamin D metabolite measurements by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in dried blood spots. Analyst 2019; 144:299-309. [PMID: 30403208 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are two forms of vitamin D which are essential to the human body, i.e. vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). The inactive metabolites of vitamin D are commonly used for quantitative analysis because of their longer half-life, stability, and relatively high blood concentrations. This paper presents the development of a high-throughput and sensitive method for determining four vitamin D metabolites in dried blood spots using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This method allows for the determination of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 concentrations, as well as the epimeric form 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. The analyzed material is capillary blood taken from the fingertip, deposited on filter paper. Four different chromatographic columns were tested to separate all compounds, in particular, the epimeric form. The column of choice was F5 (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). In order to prove the consistency between the results for DBS, used as an alternative biological matrix, and serum, comparative studies of these two materials were carried out in nearly 100 individuals. The results indicated their positive correlation. The evaluation of short-term stability of metabolites in DBS within the month showed no change in metabolite concentration. During the validation, the impact of the matrix on the ionization of the tested compounds was evaluated. Capillary blood and venous blood collected for different anticoagulants were also compared. The smallest differences in the results were obtained for citrate. In order to achieve a limit of quantitation of 0.2 ng ml-1, sample preparation involved derivatization using a Cookson-type reagent, 4-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (DAPTAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rola
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., PL - 87-100 Toruń, Poland. and Masdiag - Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, 33 Stefana Żeromskiego St., PL - 01-882 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Kowalski
- Masdiag - Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, 33 Stefana Żeromskiego St., PL - 01-882 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Bieńkowski
- Masdiag - Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, 33 Stefana Żeromskiego St., PL - 01-882 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kołodyńska-Goworek
- Masdiag - Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, 33 Stefana Żeromskiego St., PL - 01-882 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Studzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., PL - 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Lim YK, Park AJ, Kweon OJ, Choi JH. Performance Evaluation and Measurement Uncertainty Determination of the New Version of the Abbott ARCHITECT 25-OH Vitamin D 5P02 Assay. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 151:209-216. [PMID: 30307462 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We evaluated performance and measurement uncertainty of the newly released ARCHITECT 25-OH vitamin D 5P02 assay (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL). Methods In total, 300 samples were used to compare the results from ELECSYS Vitamin D Total (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and ADVIA Centaur Vitamin D Total (Siemens, Tarrytown, NY). To quantify the measurement uncertainty, 25 samples and four levels of standard reference material (SRM) were measured using isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry according to international guidelines. Results The results of the ARCHITECT assay were equivalent to other immunoassays, but correlation coefficients were lower than the recommended criterion. SRM level 2 was considered adequate for uncertainty estimation, and the expanded measurement uncertainty of the ARCHITECT assay was 4.2%, which was superior to the other two assays. Conclusions The restandardized ARCHITECT assay has acceptable performance in a clinical setting. However, there is still a need for further standardization of total vitamin D measurement among the automated immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kwan Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ae Ja Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh Joo Kweon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Aerospace Medical Center, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hye Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Charoenngam N, Shirvani A, Holick MF. Vitamin D for skeletal and non-skeletal health: What we should know. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:1082-1093. [PMID: 31708633 PMCID: PMC6834997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism and maintaining a healthy mineralized skeleton. Humans obtain vitamin D from sunlight exposure, dietary foods and supplements. There are two forms of vitamin D: vitamin D3 and vitamin D2. Vitamin D3 is synthesized endogenously in the skin and found naturally in oily fish and cod liver oil. Vitamin D2 is synthesized from ergosterol and found in yeast and mushrooms. Once vitamin D enters the circulation it is converted by 25-hydroxylase in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which is further converted by the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase in the kidneys to the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. 1,25(OH)2D binds to its nuclear vitamin D receptor to exert its physiologic functions. These functions include: promotion of intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, renal tubular calcium reabsorption, and calcium mobilization from bone. The Endocrine Society's Clinical Practice Guideline defines vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency as serum concentrations of 25(OH)D of <20 ng/mL, 21-29 ng/mL, and 30-100 ng/mL, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency is a major global public health problem in all age groups. It is estimated that 1 billion people worldwide have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. This pandemic of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is attributed to a modern lifestyle and environmental factors that restrict sunlight exposure, which is essential for endogenous synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. Vitamin D deficiency is the most common cause of rickets and osteomalacia, and can exacerbate osteoporosis. It is also associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain, muscle weakness, and an increased risk of falling. In addition, several observational studies observed the association between robust levels of serum 25(OH)D in the range of 40-60 ng/mL with decreased mortality and risk of development of several types of chronic diseases. Therefore, vitamin D-deficient patients should be treated with vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 supplementation to achieve an optimal level of serum 25(OH)D. Screening of vitamin D deficiency by measuring serum 25(OH)D is recommended in individuals at risk such as patients with diseases affecting vitamin D metabolism and absorption, osteoporosis, and older adults with a history of falls or nontraumatic fracture. It is important to know if a laboratory assay measures total 25(OH)D or only 25(OH)D3. Using assays that measure only 25(OH)D3 could underestimate total levels of 25(OH)D and may mislead physicians who treat patients with vitamin D2 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipith Charoenngam
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Corresponding author. Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E Newton St, M-1013 Boston, MA 01228, USA.
| | - Arash Shirvani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael F. Holick
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Ferrari D, Lombardi G, Banfi G. Concerning the vitamin D reference range: pre-analytical and analytical variability of vitamin D measurement. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2017; 27:030501. [PMID: 28900363 PMCID: PMC5575654 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2017.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other vitamins, the vitamin D concentration in blood varies cyclically over the course of the year in relation to genetic (gender, ethnicity, polymorphisms) and environmental factors (sunlight exposure, diet, food-related or direct vitamin D supplementation, skin pigmentation). Although the major diagnostics manufacturers have recently developed improved automated 25-hydroxy vitamin D immunoassays, the intra- and inter-laboratory variability is still high (especially at low vitamin D concentrations) which might lead to incorrect vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency diagnosis. Moreover, despite recent efforts to standardize the assay and minimize its variability, the current bias for measured vitamin D concentrations is often still above the desirable ± 10% criterion. Because the implications of low vitamin D concentrations in non-skeletal diseases are still partially unknown, international guideline recommendations for establishing meaningful ranges, at any time over the course of the year, irrespective not only of environmental and personal factors but also of instrumental variability, are needed. In this review, we discuss the main factors that influence the variability of vitamin D concentrations and whether a centile curve, individually calculated by a theoretical equation considering such factors, might be better suited than a fixed limit to assess abnormal vitamin D concentrations in otherwise healthy subjects. Vitamin D reference ranges during pregnancy, childhood, or diagnosed illnesses, which merit separate discussion, are beyond the scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Biosciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
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