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Focosi D, Maggi F, Mazzetti P, Pistello M. Viral infection neutralization tests: A focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 with implications for convalescent plasma therapy. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2170. [PMID: 33350017 PMCID: PMC7536930 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viral neutralization tests (VNTs) have long been considered old-fashioned tricks in the armamentarium of fundamental virology, with laboratory implementation for a limited array of viruses only. Nevertheless, they represent the most reliable surrogate of potency for passive immunotherapies, such as monoclonal or polyclonal antibody therapy. The recent interest around therapy with convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies for the Covid-19 pandemic has paralleled the revival of VNTs. We review here the available methods by dissecting variations for each fundamental component of the VNT (i.e., virus type and dose, replication-competent cell line, serum, and detection system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North‐Western Tuscany Blood BankPisa University HospitalPisaItaly
| | | | | | - Mauro Pistello
- Department of Translational ResearchUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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Luetkens T, Metcalf R, Planelles V, Zheng Y, Larragoite ET, Spivak ES, Spivak AM, Steinbach M, Blaylock RC, Avila SV, Hankey KG, Martins TB, Slev PR, Mannuel HD, Sajadi M, Rapoport AP, Atanackovic D. Successful transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity using convalescent plasma in an MM patient with hypogammaglobulinemia and COVID-19. Blood Adv 2020; 4:4864-4868. [PMID: 33031540 PMCID: PMC7556131 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A severely immunocompromised patient with MM and COVID19 who received a convalescent plasma product showed SARS-CoV-2 clearance. The convalescent plasma showed humoral immunity against all structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which was successfully transferred to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Luetkens
- Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ryan Metcalf
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Emily S Spivak
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Adam M Spivak
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Mary Steinbach
- Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Robert C Blaylock
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Stephanie V Avila
- Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kim G Hankey
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas B Martins
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Patricia R Slev
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Heather D Mannuel
- Hematology/Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Mohammad Sajadi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aaron P Rapoport
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
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