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Haderk F, Chou YT, Cech L, Fernández-Méndez C, Yu J, Olivas V, Meraz IM, Barbosa Rabago D, Kerr DL, Gomez C, Allegakoen DV, Guan J, Shah KN, Herrington KA, Gbenedio OM, Nanjo S, Majidi M, Tamaki W, Pourmoghadam YK, Rotow JK, McCoach CE, Riess JW, Gutkind JS, Tang TT, Post L, Huang B, Santisteban P, Goodarzi H, Bandyopadhyay S, Kuo CJ, Roose JP, Wu W, Blakely CM, Roth JA, Bivona TG. Focal adhesion kinase-YAP signaling axis drives drug-tolerant persister cells and residual disease in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3741. [PMID: 38702301 PMCID: PMC11068778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is effective in many tumor types including lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality. Paradigm defining examples are targeted therapies directed against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes with oncogenic alterations in EGFR, ALK and KRAS. The success of targeted therapy is limited by drug-tolerant persister cells (DTPs) which withstand and adapt to treatment and comprise the residual disease state that is typical during treatment with clinical targeted therapies. Here, we integrate studies in patient-derived and immunocompetent lung cancer models and clinical specimens obtained from patients on targeted therapy to uncover a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-YAP signaling axis that promotes residual disease during oncogenic EGFR-, ALK-, and KRAS-targeted therapies. FAK-YAP signaling inhibition combined with the primary targeted therapy suppressed residual drug-tolerant cells and enhanced tumor responses. This study unveils a FAK-YAP signaling module that promotes residual disease in lung cancer and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to improve tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Haderk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Cech
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celia Fernández-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científícas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johnny Yu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor Olivas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ismail M Meraz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dora Barbosa Rabago
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Lucas Kerr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David V Allegakoen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Khyati N Shah
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kari A Herrington
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shigeki Nanjo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Whitney Tamaki
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yashar K Pourmoghadam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia K Rotow
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline E McCoach
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Riess
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tracy T Tang
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., 1500 Fashion Island Blvd., Suite 102, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Leonard Post
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., 1500 Fashion Island Blvd., Suite 102, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científícas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sourav Bandyopadhyay
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Collin M Blakely
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Uzun S, Zinner CP, Beenen AC, Alborelli I, Bartoszek EM, Yeung J, Calgua B, Reinscheid M, Bronsert P, Stalder AK, Haslbauer JD, Vosbeck J, Mazzucchelli L, Hoffmann T, Terracciano LM, Hutter G, Manz M, Panne I, Boettler T, Hofmann M, Bengsch B, Heim MH, Bernsmeier C, Jiang S, Tzankov A, Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Matter MS. Morphologic and molecular analysis of liver injury after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination reveals distinct characteristics. J Hepatol 2023; 79:666-676. [PMID: 37290592 PMCID: PMC10245467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver injury after COVID-19 vaccination is very rare and shows clinical and histomorphological similarities with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Little is known about the pathophysiology of COVID-19 vaccine-induced liver injury (VILI) and its relationship to AIH. Therefore, we compared VILI with AIH. METHODS Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded liver biopsy samples from patients with VILI (n = 6) and from patients with an initial diagnosis of AIH (n = 9) were included. Both cohorts were compared by histomorphological evaluation, whole-transcriptome and spatial transcriptome sequencing, multiplex immunofluorescence, and immune repertoire sequencing. RESULTS Histomorphology was similar in both cohorts but showed more pronounced centrilobular necrosis in VILI. Gene expression profiling showed that mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress-related pathways were more and interferon response pathways were less enriched in VILI. Multiplex analysis revealed that inflammation in VILI was dominated by CD8+ effector T cells, similar to drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis. In contrast, AIH showed a dominance of CD4+ effector T cells and CD79a+ B and plasma cells. T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor sequencing showed that T and B cell clones were more dominant in VILI than in AIH. In addition, many T cell clones detected in the liver were also found in the blood. Interestingly, analysis of TCR beta chain and Ig heavy chain variable-joining gene usage further showed that TRBV6-1, TRBV5-1, TRBV7-6, and IgHV1-24 genes are used differently in VILI than in AIH. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses support that SARS-CoV-2 VILI is related to AIH but also shows distinct differences from AIH in histomorphology, pathway activation, cellular immune infiltrates, and TCR usage. Therefore, VILI may be a separate entity, which is distinct from AIH and more closely related to drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Little is known about the pathophysiology of COVID-19 vaccine-induced liver injury (VILI). Our analysis shows that COVID-19 VILI shares some similarities with autoimmune hepatitis, but also has distinct differences such as increased activation of metabolic pathways, a more prominent CD8+ T cell infiltrate, and an oligoclonal T and B cell response. Our findings suggest that VILI is a distinct disease entity. Therefore, there is a good chance that many patients with COVID-19 VILI will recover completely and will not develop long-term autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarp Uzun
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carl P Zinner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amke C Beenen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Alborelli
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ewelina M Bartoszek
- Microscopy Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Yeung
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Byron Calgua
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Reinscheid
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Core Facility for Histopathology and Digital Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna K Stalder
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Juerg Vosbeck
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Manz
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Panne
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus H Heim
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Bernsmeier
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Epatocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland; MowatLabs, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Reffsin S, Miller J, Ayyanathan K, Dunagin MC, Jain N, Schultz DC, Cherry S, Raj A. Single cell susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection is driven by variable cell states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.06.547955. [PMID: 37461472 PMCID: PMC10350037 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.06.547955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a virus to infect a cell type is at least in part determined by the presence of host factors required for the viral life cycle. However, even within cell types that express known factors needed for infection, not every cell is equally susceptible, suggesting that our knowledge of the full spectrum of factors that promote infection is incomplete. Profiling the most susceptible subsets of cells within a population may reveal additional factors that promote infection. However, because viral infection dramatically alters the state of the cell, new approaches are needed to reveal the state of these cells prior to infection with virus. Here, we used single-cell clone tracing to retrospectively identify and characterize lung epithelial cells that are highly susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2. The transcriptional state of these highly susceptible cells includes markers of retinoic acid signaling and epithelial differentiation. Loss of candidate factors identified by our approach revealed that many of these factors play roles in viral entry. Moreover, a subset of these factors exert control over the infectable cell state itself, regulating the expression of key factors associated with viral infection and entry. Analysis of patient samples revealed the heterogeneous expression of these factors across both cells and patients in vivo. Further, the expression of these factors is upregulated in particular inflammatory pathologies. Altogether, our results show that the variable expression of intrinsic cell states is a major determinant of whether a cell can be infected by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Reffsin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kasirajan Ayyanathan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret C. Dunagin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naveen Jain
- Genetics and Epigenetics, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David C. Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arjun Raj
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Ni K, Che B, Yang C, Qin Y, Gu R, Wang C, Luo M, Deng L. Emerging toolset of three-dimensional pulmonary cell culture models for simulating lung pathophysiology towards mechanistic elucidation and therapeutic treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033043. [PMID: 36578545 PMCID: PMC9790924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a never before seen challenge to human health and the world economy. However, it is difficult to widely use conventional animal and cell culture models in understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms of COVID-19, which in turn hinders the development of relevant therapeutic treatments, including drugs. To overcome this challenge, various three-dimensional (3D) pulmonary cell culture models such as organoids are emerging as an innovative toolset for simulating the pathophysiology occurring in the respiratory system, including bronchial airways, alveoli, capillary network, and pulmonary interstitium, which provide a robust and powerful platform for studying the process and underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the potential primary targets in the lung. This review introduces the key features of some of these recently developed tools, including organoid, lung-on-a-chip, and 3D bioprinting, which can recapitulate different structural compartments of the lung and lung function, in particular, accurately resembling the human-relevant pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. In addition, the recent progress in developing organoids for alveolar and airway disease modeling and their applications for discovering drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are highlighted. These innovative 3D cell culture models together may hold the promise to fully understand the pathogenesis and eventually eradicate the pandemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhi Luo
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Malla R, Kamal MA. Tetraspanin-enriched Microdomain Containing CD151, CD9, and TSPAN 8 - Potential Mediators of Entry and Exit Mechanisms in Respiratory Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3649-3657. [PMID: 36173052 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220907105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which originated in Wuhan, the Hubei region of China, has become a pandemic worldwide. It can transmit through droplets and enter via oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. It consists of single-stranded RNA (positive-sense), nonstructural proteins including enzymes and transcriptional proteins, and structural proteins such as Spike, Membrane, Envelope, and Nucleocapsid -proteins. SARS-CoV-2 mediates S-proteins entry and exit via binding to host cell surface proteins like tetraspanins. The transmembrane tetraspanins, CD151, CD9, and tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8), facilitate the entry of novel coronaviruses by scaffolding host cell receptors and proteases. Also, CD151 was reported to increase airway hyperresponsiveness to calcium and nuclear viral export signaling. They may facilitate entry and exit by activating the serine proteases required to prime S-proteins in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). This article updates recent advances in structural proteins, their epitopes and putative receptors, and their regulation by proteases associated with TEMs. This review furnishes recent updates on the role of CD151 in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2. We describe the role of CD151 in a possible mechanism of entry and exit in the airway, a major site for infection of SARS-CoV-2. We also updated current knowledge on the role of CD9 and TSPAN 8 in the entry and exit mechanism of coronaviruses. Finally, we discussed the importance of some small molecules which target CD151 as possible targeted therapeutics for COVID-19. In conclusion, this study could identify new targets and specific therapeutics to control emerging virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Ashulia, Bangladesh.,Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham NSW 2770, Australia
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6
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Lappalainen P, Kotila T, Jégou A, Romet-Lemonne G. Biochemical and mechanical regulation of actin dynamics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:836-852. [PMID: 35918536 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization of actin filaments against membranes produces force for numerous cellular processes, such as migration, morphogenesis, endocytosis, phagocytosis and organelle dynamics. Consequently, aberrant actin cytoskeleton dynamics are linked to various diseases, including cancer, as well as immunological and neurological disorders. Understanding how actin filaments generate forces in cells, how force production is regulated by the interplay between actin-binding proteins and how the actin-regulatory machinery responds to mechanical load are at the heart of many cellular, developmental and pathological processes. During the past few years, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling actin filament assembly and disassembly has evolved substantially. It has also become evident that the activities of key actin-binding proteins are not regulated solely by biochemical signalling pathways, as mechanical regulation is critical for these proteins. Indeed, the architecture and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton are directly tuned by mechanical load. Here we discuss the general mechanisms by which key actin regulators, often in synergy with each other, control actin filament assembly, disassembly, and monomer recycling. By using an updated view of actin dynamics as a framework, we discuss how the mechanics and geometry of actin networks control actin-binding proteins, and how this translates into force production in endocytosis and mesenchymal cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tommi Kotila
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antoine Jégou
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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7
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Simoneau CR, Chen PY, Xing GK, Khalid MM, Meyers NL, Hayashi JM, Taha TY, Leon KE, Ashuach T, Fontaine KA, Rodriguez L, Joehnk B, Walcott K, Vasudevan S, Fang X, Maishan M, Schultz S, Roose J, Matthay MA, Sil A, Arjomandi M, Yosef N, Ott M. NF-κB inhibitor alpha has a cross-variant role during SARS-CoV-2 infection in ACE2-overexpressing human airway organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.08.02.502100. [PMID: 35982664 PMCID: PMC9387123 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.02.502100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread worldwide, tractable primary airway cell models that accurately recapitulate the cell-intrinsic response to arising viral variants are needed. Here we describe an adult stem cell-derived human airway organoid model overexpressing the ACE2 receptor that supports robust viral replication while maintaining 3D architecture and cellular diversity of the airway epithelium. ACE2-OE organoids were infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants and subjected to single-cell RNA-sequencing. NF-κB inhibitor alpha was consistently upregulated in infected epithelial cells, and its mRNA expression positively correlated with infection levels. Confocal microscopy showed more IκBα expression in infected than bystander cells, but found concurrent nuclear translocation of NF-κB that IκBα usually prevents. Overexpressing a nondegradable IκBα mutant reduced NF-κB translocation and increased viral infection. These data demonstrate the functionality of ACE2-OE organoids in SARS-CoV-2 research and identify an incomplete NF-κB feedback loop as a rheostat of viral infection that may promote inflammation and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R. Simoneau
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Galen K. Xing
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Mir M. Khalid
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Taha Y. Taha
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer E. Leon
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tal Ashuach
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Rodriguez
- ImmunoX CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bastian Joehnk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Keith Walcott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaohui Fang
- Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Schultz
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Jeroen Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anita Sil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Arjomandi
- Medical Service, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Carossino M, Kenney D, O’Connell AK, Montanaro P, Tseng AE, Gertje HP, Grosz KA, Ericsson M, Huber BR, Kurnick SA, Subramaniam S, Kirkland TA, Walker JR, Francis KP, Klose AD, Paragas N, Bosmann M, Saeed M, Balasuriya UBR, Douam F, Crossland NA. Fatal Neurodissemination and SARS-CoV-2 Tropism in K18-hACE2 Mice Is Only Partially Dependent on hACE2 Expression. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030535. [PMID: 35336942 PMCID: PMC8955233 DOI: 10.3390/v14030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models recapitulating COVID-19 are critical to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Intranasally inoculated transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 under the cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18-hACE2) represent a lethal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We evaluated the clinical and virological dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 using two intranasal doses (104 and 106 PFUs), with a detailed spatiotemporal pathologic analysis of the 106 dose cohort. Despite generally mild-to-moderate pneumonia, clinical decline resulting in euthanasia or death was commonly associated with hypothermia and viral neurodissemination independent of inoculation dose. Neuroinvasion was first observed at 4 days post-infection, initially restricted to the olfactory bulb suggesting axonal transport via the olfactory neuroepithelium as the earliest portal of entry. Absence of viremia suggests neuroinvasion occurs independently of transport across the blood-brain barrier. SARS-CoV-2 tropism was neither restricted to ACE2-expressing cells (e.g., AT1 pneumocytes), nor inclusive of some ACE2-positive cell lineages (e.g., bronchiolar epithelium and brain vasculature). Absence of detectable ACE2 protein expression in neurons but overexpression in neuroepithelium suggest this as the most likely portal of neuroinvasion, with subsequent ACE2 independent lethal neurodissemination. A paucity of epidemiological data and contradicting evidence for neuroinvasion and neurodissemination in humans call into question the translational relevance of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA; (M.C.); (U.B.R.B.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA
| | - Devin Kenney
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aoife K. O’Connell
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Paige Montanaro
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anna E. Tseng
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Kyle A. Grosz
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Susanna A. Kurnick
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Thomas A. Kirkland
- Promega Biosciences, LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (T.A.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Joel R. Walker
- Promega Biosciences, LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (T.A.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | | | | | - Neal Paragas
- InVivo Analytics Inc., New York, NY 10023, USA; (A.D.K.); (N.P.)
- Department of Radiology Imaging Research Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98133, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA; (M.C.); (U.B.R.B.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (N.A.C.); Tel.: +1-(617)-358-9174 (F.D.); +1-(617)-358-9285 (N.A.C.)
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (N.A.C.); Tel.: +1-(617)-358-9174 (F.D.); +1-(617)-358-9285 (N.A.C.)
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9
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Kim J, Koo BK, Clevers H. Organoid Studies in COVID-19 Research. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:3-13. [PMID: 35220288 PMCID: PMC8889327 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Carossino M, Montanaro P, O'Connell A, Kenney D, Gertje H, Grosz KA, Kurnick SA, Bosmann M, Saeed M, Balasuriya UBR, Douam F, Crossland NA. Fatal neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice is partially dependent on hACE2 expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33469581 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.13.425144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Animal models recapitulating the distinctive features of severe COVID-19 are critical to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) under the cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18-hACE2) represent a lethal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the cause(s) and mechanisms of lethality in this mouse model remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the spatiotemporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection for up to 14 days post-infection. Despite infection and moderate inflammation in the lungs, lethality was invariably associated with viral neuroinvasion and neuronal damage (including spinal motor neurons). Neuroinvasion occurred following virus transport through the olfactory neuroepithelium in a manner that was only partially dependent on hACE2. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 tropism was overall neither widespread among nor restricted to only ACE2-expressing cells. Although our work incites caution in the utility of the K18-hACE2 model to study global aspects of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, it underscores this model as a unique platform for exploring the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis. SUMMARY COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a betacoronavirus. Here, we show that in a widely used transgenic mouse model of COVID-19, lethality is invariably associated with viral neuroinvasion and the ensuing neuronal disease, while lung inflammation remains moderate.
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