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Liu Y, Maya S, Carver S, O’Connell AK, Tseng AE, Gertje HP, Seneca K, Nahass RG, Crossland NA, Ploss A. Development of a dual channel detection system for pan-genotypic simultaneous quantification of hepatitis B and delta viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2350167. [PMID: 38687692 PMCID: PMC11095294 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2350167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem and, in associated co-infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV), causes the most severe viral hepatitis and accelerated liver disease progression. As a defective satellite RNA virus, HDV can only propagate in the presence of HBV infection, which makes HBV DNA and HDV RNA the standard biomarkers for monitoring the virological response upon antiviral therapy, in co-infected patients. Although assays have been described to quantify these viral nucleic acids in circulation independently, a method for monitoring both viruses simultaneously is not available, thus hampering characterization of their complex dynamic interactions. Here, we describe the development of a dual fluorescence channel detection system for pan-genotypic, simultaneous quantification of HBV DNA and HDV RNA through a one-step quantitative PCR. The sensitivity for both HBV and HDV is about 10 copies per microliter without significant interference between these two detection targets. This assay provides reliable detection for HBV and HDV basic research in vitro and in human liver chimeric mice. Preclinical validation of this system on serum samples from patients on or off antiviral therapy also illustrates a promising application that is rapid and cost-effective in monitoring HBV and HDV viral loads simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Stephanie Maya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sebastian Carver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Aoife K. O’Connell
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna E. Tseng
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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2
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Kenney D, O’Connell AK, Tseng AE, Turcinovic J, Sheehan ML, Nitido AD, Montanaro P, Gertje HP, Ericsson M, Connor JH, Vrbanac V, Crossland NA, Harly C, Balazs AB, Douam F. Resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung tissues is driven by extravascular CD163+ monocytes. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.08.583965. [PMID: 38496468 PMCID: PMC10942442 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.583965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The lung-resident immune mechanisms driving resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans remain elusive. Using mice co-engrafted with a genetically matched human immune system and fetal lung xenograft (fLX), we mapped the immunological events defining resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung tissues. Viral infection is rapidly cleared from fLX following a peak of viral replication. Acute replication results in the emergence of cell subsets enriched in viral RNA, including extravascular inflammatory monocytes (iMO) and macrophage-like T-cells, which dissipate upon infection resolution. iMO display robust antiviral responses, are transcriptomically unique among myeloid lineages, and their emergence associates with the recruitment of circulating CD4+ monocytes. Consistently, mice depleted for human CD4+ cells but not CD3+ T-cells failed to robustly clear infectious viruses and displayed signatures of chronic infection. Our findings uncover the transient differentiation of extravascular iMO from CD4+ monocytes as a major hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution and open avenues for unravelling viral and host adaptations defining persistently active SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Kenney
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife K. O’Connell
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna E. Tseng
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meagan L. Sheehan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Adam D. Nitido
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Paige Montanaro
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H. Connor
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christelle Harly
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO ‘Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology’, Nantes, France
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Alejandro B. Balazs
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
- Lead contact
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3
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Tseng AE, Carossino M, Gertje HP, O'Connell AK, Gummuluru S, Kolachalama VB, Balasuriya UBR, Connor JH, Bennett RS, Liu DX, Hensley LE, Crossland NA. Hepatic proinflammatory myeloid phenotypes are a hallmark of Ebola virus Kikwit pathogenesis in rhesus monkeys. Vet Pathol 2023:3009858231171906. [PMID: 37170900 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231171906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an early systemic target of Ebola virus (EBOV), but characterization beyond routine histopathology and viral antigen distribution is limited. We hypothesized Ebola virus disease (EVD) systemic proinflammatory responses would be reflected in temporally altered liver myeloid phenotypes. We utilized multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mfIHC), multispectral whole slide imaging, and image analysis to quantify molecular phenotypes of myeloid cells in the liver of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; n = 21) infected with EBOV Kikwit. Liver samples included uninfected controls (n = 3), 3 days postinoculation (DPI; n = 3), 4 DPI (n = 3), 5 DPI (n = 3), 6 DPI (n = 3), and terminal disease (6-8 DPI; n = 6). Alterations in hepatic macrophages occurred at ≥ 5 DPI characterized by a 1.4-fold increase in CD68+ immunoreactivity and a transition from primarily CD14-CD16+ to CD14+CD16- macrophages, with a 2.1-fold decrease in CD163 expression in terminal animals compared with uninfected controls. An increase in the neutrophil chemoattractant and alarmin S100A9 occurred within hepatic myeloid cells at 5 DPI, followed by rapid neutrophil influx at ≥ 6 DPI. An acute rise in the antiviral myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) occurred at ≥ 4 DPI, with a predilection for enhanced expression in uninfected cells. Distinctive expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II was observed in hepatocytes during terminal disease. Results illustrate that EBOV causes macrophage phenotype alterations as well as neutrophil influx and prominent activation of interferon host responses in the liver. Results offer insight into potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and/or modulate the host proinflammatory response to normalize hepatic myeloid functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Tseng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, NEIDL Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hans P Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, NEIDL Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife K O'Connell
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, NEIDL Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, NEIDL Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Udeni B R Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - John H Connor
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, NEIDL Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard S Bennett
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David X Liu
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas A Crossland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, NEIDL Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Rosenbloom R, Gavrish I, Tseng AE, Seidel K, Yabaji SM, Gertje HP, Huber BR, Kramnik I, Crossland NA. Progression and Dissemination of Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Infection in a Susceptible Immunocompetent Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115999. [PMID: 35682679 PMCID: PMC9181083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections caused by the group of nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), are a growing public health concern with incidence and mortality steadily increasing globally. Granulomatous inflammation is the hallmark of MAC lung infection, yet reliable correlates of disease progression, susceptibility, and resolution are poorly defined. Unlike widely used inbred mouse strains, mice that carry the mutant allele at the genetic locus sst1 develop human-like pulmonary tuberculosis featuring well-organized caseating granulomas. We characterized pulmonary temporospatial outcomes of intranasal and left intrabronchial M. avium spp. hominissuis (M.av) induced pneumonia in B6.Sst1S mice, which carries the sst1 mutant allele. We utilized traditional semi-quantitative histomorphological evaluation, in combination with fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (fmIHC), whole slide imaging, and quantitative digital image analysis. Followingintrabronchiolar infection with the laboratory M.av strain 101, the B6.Sst1S pulmonary lesions progressed 12-16 weeks post infection (wpi), with plateauing and/or resolving disease by 21 wpi. Caseating granulomas were not observed during the study. Disease progression from 12-16 wpi was associated with increased acid-fast bacilli, area of secondary granulomatous pneumonia lesions, and Arg1+ and double positive iNOS+/Arg1+ macrophages. Compared to B6 WT, at 16 wpi, B6.Sst1S lungs exhibited an increased area of acid-fast bacilli, larger secondary lesions with greater Arg1+ and double positive iNOS+/Arg1+ macrophages, and reduced T cell density. This morphomolecular analysis of histologic correlates of disease progression in B6.Sst1S could serve as a platform for assessment of medical countermeasures against NTM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Rosenbloom
- Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (I.G.); (A.E.T.); (K.S.); (S.M.Y.); (H.P.G.)
| | - Igor Gavrish
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (I.G.); (A.E.T.); (K.S.); (S.M.Y.); (H.P.G.)
| | - Anna E. Tseng
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (I.G.); (A.E.T.); (K.S.); (S.M.Y.); (H.P.G.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (I.G.); (A.E.T.); (K.S.); (S.M.Y.); (H.P.G.)
| | - Shivraj M. Yabaji
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (I.G.); (A.E.T.); (K.S.); (S.M.Y.); (H.P.G.)
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (I.G.); (A.E.T.); (K.S.); (S.M.Y.); (H.P.G.)
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Igor Kramnik
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (I.G.); (A.E.T.); (K.S.); (S.M.Y.); (H.P.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (N.A.C.); Tel.: +1-617-358-9285 (I.K. & N.A.C.)
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (I.G.); (A.E.T.); (K.S.); (S.M.Y.); (H.P.G.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (N.A.C.); Tel.: +1-617-358-9285 (I.K. & N.A.C.)
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5
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Kenney DJ, O’Connell AK, Turcinovic J, Montanaro P, Hekman RM, Tamura T, Berneshawi AR, Cafiero TR, Al Abdullatif S, Blum B, Goldstein SI, Heller BL, Gertje HP, Bullitt E, Trachtenberg AJ, Chavez E, Nono ET, Morrison C, Tseng AE, Sheikh A, Kurnick S, Grosz K, Bosmann M, Ericsson M, Huber BR, Saeed M, Balazs AB, Francis KP, Klose A, Paragas N, Campbell JD, Connor JH, Emili A, Crossland NA, Ploss A, Douam F. Humanized mice reveal a macrophage-enriched gene signature defining human lung tissue protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110714. [PMID: 35421379 PMCID: PMC8977517 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunological mechanisms defining the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain elusive. This knowledge gap is mostly driven by the lack of appropriate experimental platforms recapitulating human immune responses in a controlled human lung environment. Here, we report a mouse model (i.e., HNFL mice) co-engrafted with human fetal lung xenografts (fLX) and a myeloid-enhanced human immune system to identify cellular and molecular correlates of lung protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unlike mice solely engrafted with human fLX, HNFL mice are protected against infection, severe inflammation, and histopathological phenotypes. Lung tissue protection from infection and severe histopathology associates with macrophage infiltration and differentiation and the upregulation of a macrophage-enriched signature composed of 11 specific genes mainly associated with the type I interferon signaling pathway. Our work highlights the HNFL model as a transformative platform to investigate, in controlled experimental settings, human myeloid immune mechanisms governing lung tissue protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin J. Kenney
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife K. O’Connell
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige Montanaro
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M. Hekman
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Thomas R. Cafiero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Salam Al Abdullatif
- Single Cell RNA Sequencing Core, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Blum
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stanley I. Goldstein
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigitte L. Heller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander J. Trachtenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chavez
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evans Tuekam Nono
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna E. Tseng
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amira Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanna Kurnick
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Animal Science Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Grosz
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Animal Science Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Neal Paragas
- In Vivo Analytics, Inc., New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology Imaging Research Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Single Cell RNA Sequencing Core, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H. Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author
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6
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Carossino M, Kenney D, O’Connell AK, Montanaro P, Tseng AE, Gertje HP, Grosz KA, Ericsson M, Huber BR, Kurnick SA, Subramaniam S, Kirkland TA, Walker JR, Francis KP, Klose AD, Paragas N, Bosmann M, Saeed M, Balasuriya UBR, Douam F, Crossland NA. Fatal Neurodissemination and SARS-CoV-2 Tropism in K18-hACE2 Mice Is Only Partially Dependent on hACE2 Expression. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030535. [PMID: 35336942 PMCID: PMC8955233 DOI: 10.3390/v14030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models recapitulating COVID-19 are critical to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Intranasally inoculated transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 under the cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18-hACE2) represent a lethal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We evaluated the clinical and virological dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 using two intranasal doses (104 and 106 PFUs), with a detailed spatiotemporal pathologic analysis of the 106 dose cohort. Despite generally mild-to-moderate pneumonia, clinical decline resulting in euthanasia or death was commonly associated with hypothermia and viral neurodissemination independent of inoculation dose. Neuroinvasion was first observed at 4 days post-infection, initially restricted to the olfactory bulb suggesting axonal transport via the olfactory neuroepithelium as the earliest portal of entry. Absence of viremia suggests neuroinvasion occurs independently of transport across the blood-brain barrier. SARS-CoV-2 tropism was neither restricted to ACE2-expressing cells (e.g., AT1 pneumocytes), nor inclusive of some ACE2-positive cell lineages (e.g., bronchiolar epithelium and brain vasculature). Absence of detectable ACE2 protein expression in neurons but overexpression in neuroepithelium suggest this as the most likely portal of neuroinvasion, with subsequent ACE2 independent lethal neurodissemination. A paucity of epidemiological data and contradicting evidence for neuroinvasion and neurodissemination in humans call into question the translational relevance of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA; (M.C.); (U.B.R.B.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA
| | - Devin Kenney
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aoife K. O’Connell
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Paige Montanaro
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anna E. Tseng
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Kyle A. Grosz
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Susanna A. Kurnick
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Thomas A. Kirkland
- Promega Biosciences, LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (T.A.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Joel R. Walker
- Promega Biosciences, LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (T.A.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | | | | | - Neal Paragas
- InVivo Analytics Inc., New York, NY 10023, USA; (A.D.K.); (N.P.)
- Department of Radiology Imaging Research Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98133, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA; (M.C.); (U.B.R.B.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (N.A.C.); Tel.: +1-(617)-358-9174 (F.D.); +1-(617)-358-9285 (N.A.C.)
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (N.A.C.); Tel.: +1-(617)-358-9174 (F.D.); +1-(617)-358-9285 (N.A.C.)
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Miorin L, Mire CE, Ranjbar S, Hume AJ, Huang J, Crossland NA, White KM, Laporte M, Kehrer T, Haridas V, Moreno E, Nambu A, Jangra S, Cupic A, Dejosez M, Abo KA, Tseng AE, Werder RB, Rathnasinghe R, Mutetwa T, Ramos I, de Aja JS, de Alba Rivas CG, Schotsaert M, Corley RB, Falvo JV, Fernandez-Sesma A, Kim C, Rossignol JF, Wilson AA, Zwaka T, Kotton DN, Mühlberger E, García-Sastre A, Goldfeld AE. The oral drug nitazoxanide restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection and attenuates disease pathogenesis in Syrian hamsters. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.08.479634. [PMID: 35169796 PMCID: PMC8845418 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.08.479634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A well-tolerated and cost-effective oral drug that blocks SARS-CoV-2 growth and dissemination would be a major advance in the global effort to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here, we show that the oral FDA-approved drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) significantly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and infection in different primate and human cell models including stem cell-derived human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells. Furthermore, NTZ synergizes with remdesivir, and it broadly inhibits growth of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma), and B.1617.2 (delta) and viral syncytia formation driven by their spike proteins. Strikingly, oral NTZ treatment of Syrian hamsters significantly inhibits SARS-CoV-2-driven weight loss, inflammation, and viral dissemination and syncytia formation in the lungs. These studies show that NTZ is a novel host-directed therapeutic that broadly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 dissemination and pathogenesis in human and hamster physiological models, which supports further testing and optimization of NTZ-based therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection alone and in combination with antiviral drugs.
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