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Krammer F, Katz J, Engelhardt O, Post D, Roberts P, Sullivan S, Tompkins S, Chiu C, Schultz‐Cherry S, Cox R. Meeting Report From "Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic". Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13314. [PMID: 39380156 PMCID: PMC11461279 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the "Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic" meeting, which took place in Seattle, USA, from March 1, 2023, to March 3, 2023. CONCLUSIONS Discussions around influenza virus correlates of protection and their use continued from where the discussion had been left off in 2019. While there was not much progress in the influenza field itself, many lessons learned during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially the importance of mucosal immunity, were discussed and can directly be applied to influenza correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Krammer
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C‐VaRPP)Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Othmar G. Engelhardt
- Science Research & InnovationMedicines and Healthcare products Regulatory AgencyPotters BarUK
| | - Diane J. Post
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (DMID/NIAID/NIH)RockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Paul C. Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (DMID/NIAID/NIH)RockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Sheena G. Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - S. Mark Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and ImmunologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER)University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stacey Schultz‐Cherry
- Department of Host‐Microbe InteractionsSt Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of MicrobiologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
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Vandoren R, Boeren M, Schippers J, Bartholomeus E, Mullan K, Michels N, Aerts O, Leysen J, Bervoets A, Lambert J, Leuridan E, Wens J, Peeters K, Emonds MP, Jansens H, Casanova JL, Bastard P, Suls A, Van Tendeloo V, Ponsaerts P, Delputte P, Ogunjimi B, Laukens K, Meysman P. Unraveling the Immune Signature of Herpes Zoster: Insights Into the Pathophysiology and Human Leukocyte Antigen Risk Profile. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:706-715. [PMID: 38195164 PMCID: PMC11420803 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infects >95% of the population. VZV reactivation causes herpes zoster (HZ), known as shingles, primarily affecting the elderly and individuals who are immunocompromised. However, HZ can occur in otherwise healthy individuals. We analyzed the immune signature and risk profile in patients with HZ using a genome-wide association study across different UK Biobank HZ cohorts. Additionally, we conducted one of the largest HZ human leukocyte antigen association studies to date, coupled with transcriptomic analysis of pathways underlying HZ susceptibility. Our findings highlight the significance of the major histocompatibility complex locus for HZ development, identifying 5 protective and 4 risk human leukocyte antigen alleles. This demonstrates that HZ susceptibility is largely governed by variations in the major histocompatibility complex. Furthermore, functional analyses revealed the upregulation of type I interferon and adaptive immune responses. These findings provide fresh molecular insights into the pathophysiology and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses triggered by symptomatic VZV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romi Vandoren
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp
| | - Marlies Boeren
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene and Infla-Med Center of Excellence
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
| | - Jolien Schippers
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
| | - Esther Bartholomeus
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
| | - Kerry Mullan
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp
| | - Nele Michels
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Center for General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Antwerp
| | - Olivier Aerts
- Department of Dermatology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp
| | - Julie Leysen
- Department of Dermatology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp
| | - An Bervoets
- Department of Dermatology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp
| | - Julien Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp
| | - Elke Leuridan
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp
| | - Johan Wens
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Center for General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Antwerp
| | - Karin Peeters
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
| | - Marie-Paule Emonds
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetic Laboratory, Rode Kruis-Vlaanderen, Mechelen
| | - Hilde Jansens
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistante Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Arvid Suls
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital
| | - Viggo Van Tendeloo
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene and Infla-Med Center of Excellence
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp
| | - Pieter Meysman
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
- Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp
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Jia JZ, Cohen CA, Gu H, McLean MR, Varadarajan R, Bhandari N, Peiris M, Leung GM, Poon LLM, Tsang T, Chung AW, Cowling BJ, Leung NHL, Valkenburg SA. Influenza antibody breadth and effector functions are immune correlates from acquisition of pandemic infection of children. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3210. [PMID: 38615070 PMCID: PMC11016072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-reactive antibodies with Fc receptor (FcR) effector functions may mitigate pandemic virus impact in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. In this exploratory study, we use serum from a randomized placebo-controlled trial of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccination in children (NCT00792051) conducted at the onset of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) and monitored for infection. We found that seasonal vaccination increases pH1N1 specific antibodies and FcR effector functions. Furthermore, prospective baseline antibody profiles after seasonal vaccination, prior to pH1N1 infection, show that unvaccinated uninfected children have elevated ADCC effector function, FcγR3a and FcγR2a binding antibodies to multiple pH1N1 proteins, past seasonal and avian (H5, H7 and H9) strains. Whereas, children that became pH1N1 infected after seasonal vaccination have antibodies focussed to seasonal strains without FcR functions, and greater aggregated HA-specific profiles for IgM and IgG3. Modeling to predict infection susceptibility, ranked baseline hemagglutination antibody inhibition as the highest contributor to lack of pH1N1 infection, in combination with features that include pH1-IgG1, H1-stem responses and FcR binding to seasonal vaccine and pH1 proteins. Thus, seasonal vaccination can have benefits against pandemic influenza viruses, and some children already have broadly reactive antibodies with Fc potential without vaccination and may be considered 'elite influenza controllers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Z Jia
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Carolyn A Cohen
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Haogao Gu
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Milla R McLean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nisha Bhandari
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Malik Peiris
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection (C2i), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Gabriel M Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection (C2i), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tim Tsang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Souquette A, Thomas PG. Variation in the basal immune state and implications for disease. eLife 2024; 13:e90091. [PMID: 38275224 PMCID: PMC10817719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of pre-existing immunity and its effects on acute infection often focus on memory responses associated with a prior infectious exposure. However, memory responses occur in the context of the overall immune state and leukocytes must interact with their microenvironment and other immune cells. Thus, it is important to also consider non-antigen-specific factors which shape the composite basal state and functional capacity of the immune system, termed here as I0 ('I naught'). In this review, we discuss the determinants of I0. Utilizing influenza virus as a model, we then consider the effect of I0 on susceptibility to infection and disease severity. Lastly, we outline a mathematical framework and demonstrate how researchers can build and tailor models to specific needs. Understanding how diverse factors uniquely and collectively impact immune competence will provide valuable insights into mechanisms of immune variation, aid in screening for high-risk populations, and promote the development of broadly applicable prophylactic and therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Souquette
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
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Mettelman RC, Souquette A, Van de Velde LA, Vegesana K, Allen EK, Kackos CM, Trifkovic S, DeBeauchamp J, Wilson TL, St James DG, Menon SS, Wood T, Jelley L, Webby RJ, Huang QS, Thomas PG. Baseline innate and T cell populations are correlates of protection against symptomatic influenza virus infection independent of serology. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1511-1526. [PMID: 37592015 PMCID: PMC10566627 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that innate and adaptive cellular responses mediate resistance to the influenza virus and confer protection after vaccination. However, few studies have resolved the contribution of cellular responses within the context of preexisting antibody titers. Here, we measured the peripheral immune profiles of 206 vaccinated or unvaccinated adults to determine how baseline variations in the cellular and humoral immune compartments contribute independently or synergistically to the risk of developing symptomatic influenza. Protection correlated with diverse and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T, circulating T follicular helper, T helper type 17, myeloid dendritic and CD16+ natural killer (NK) cell subsets. Conversely, increased susceptibility was predominantly attributed to nonspecific inflammatory populations, including γδ T cells and activated CD16- NK cells, as well as TNFα+ single-cytokine-producing CD8+ T cells. Multivariate and predictive modeling indicated that cellular subsets (1) work synergistically with humoral immunity to confer protection, (2) improve model performance over demographic and serologic factors alone and (3) comprise the most important predictive covariates. Together, these results demonstrate that preinfection peripheral cell composition improves the prediction of symptomatic influenza susceptibility over vaccination, demographics or serology alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aisha Souquette
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Van de Velde
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kasi Vegesana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christina M Kackos
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanja Trifkovic
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Taylor L Wilson
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deryn G St James
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Smrithi S Menon
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), Wallaceville Science Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Jelley
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), Wallaceville Science Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Q Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), Wallaceville Science Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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