1
|
Kackos CM, DeBeauchamp J, Davitt CJH, Lonzaric J, Sealy RE, Hurwitz JL, Samsa MM, Webby RJ. Seasonal quadrivalent mRNA vaccine prevents and mitigates influenza infection. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:157. [PMID: 37828126 PMCID: PMC10570305 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Annually, seasonal influenza is responsible for millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. The current method for managing influenza is vaccination using a standardized amount of the influenza virus' primary surface antigen, hemagglutinin (HA), as the intended target of the immune response. This vaccination strategy results in vaccines with variable efficacy year to year due to antigenic drift of HA, which can be further exacerbated by manufacturing processes optimizing growth of vaccine virus in eggs. Due to these limitations, alternative vaccine platforms are actively being explored to improve influenza vaccine efficacy, including cell-based, recombinant protein, and mRNA vaccines. mRNA's rapid, in vitro production makes it an appealing platform for influenza vaccination, and the success of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in the clinic has encouraged the development of mRNA vaccines for other pathogens. Here, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a quadrivalent mRNA vaccine encoding HA from four seasonal influenza viruses, A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2), B/Brisbane/60/2008 (B-Victoria lineage), and B/Phuket/3073/2013 (B-Yamagata lineage), was evaluated. In mice, a 120 μg total dose of this quadrivalent mRNA vaccine induced robust antibody titers against each subtype that were commensurate with titers when each antigen was administered alone. Following A/California/04/2009 challenge, mice were fully protected from morbidity and mortality, even at doses as low as 1 μg of each antigen. Additionally, a single administration of 10 μg of quadrivalent mRNA was sufficient to prevent weight loss caused by A/California/04/2009. These results support the promise of this mRNA vaccine for prevention and mitigation of influenza vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Kackos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Robert E Sealy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Julia L Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mettelman RC, Souquette A, Van de Velde LA, Vegesana K, Allen EK, Kackos CM, Trifkovic S, DeBeauchamp J, Wilson TL, St James DG, Menon SS, Wood T, Jelley L, Webby RJ, Huang QS, Thomas PG. Baseline innate and T cell populations are correlates of protection against symptomatic influenza virus infection independent of serology. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1511-1526. [PMID: 37592015 PMCID: PMC10566627 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that innate and adaptive cellular responses mediate resistance to the influenza virus and confer protection after vaccination. However, few studies have resolved the contribution of cellular responses within the context of preexisting antibody titers. Here, we measured the peripheral immune profiles of 206 vaccinated or unvaccinated adults to determine how baseline variations in the cellular and humoral immune compartments contribute independently or synergistically to the risk of developing symptomatic influenza. Protection correlated with diverse and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T, circulating T follicular helper, T helper type 17, myeloid dendritic and CD16+ natural killer (NK) cell subsets. Conversely, increased susceptibility was predominantly attributed to nonspecific inflammatory populations, including γδ T cells and activated CD16- NK cells, as well as TNFα+ single-cytokine-producing CD8+ T cells. Multivariate and predictive modeling indicated that cellular subsets (1) work synergistically with humoral immunity to confer protection, (2) improve model performance over demographic and serologic factors alone and (3) comprise the most important predictive covariates. Together, these results demonstrate that preinfection peripheral cell composition improves the prediction of symptomatic influenza susceptibility over vaccination, demographics or serology alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aisha Souquette
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Van de Velde
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kasi Vegesana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christina M Kackos
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanja Trifkovic
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Taylor L Wilson
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deryn G St James
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Smrithi S Menon
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), Wallaceville Science Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Jelley
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), Wallaceville Science Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Q Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), Wallaceville Science Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kandeil A, Patton C, Jones JC, Jeevan T, Harrington WN, Trifkovic S, Seiler JP, Fabrizio T, Woodard K, Turner JC, Crumpton JC, Miller L, Rubrum A, DeBeauchamp J, Russell CJ, Govorkova EA, Vogel P, Kim-Torchetti M, Berhane Y, Stallknecht D, Poulson R, Kercher L, Webby RJ. Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3082. [PMID: 37248261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry across Asia, Europe, and Africa. By the end of 2021, 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected in North America, signifying further intercontinental spread. Here we show that the western movement of clade 2.3.4.4b was quickly followed by reassortment with viruses circulating in wild birds in North America, resulting in the acquisition of different combinations of ribonucleoprotein genes. These reassortant A(H5N1) viruses are genotypically and phenotypically diverse, with many causing severe disease with dramatic neurologic involvement in mammals. The proclivity of the current A(H5N1) 2.3.4.4b virus lineage to reassort and target the central nervous system warrants concerted planning to combat the spread and evolution of the virus within the continent and to mitigate the impact of a potential influenza pandemic that could originate from similar A(H5N1) reassortants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Christopher Patton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jeremy C Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Walter N Harrington
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sanja Trifkovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jon P Seiler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Thomas Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Karlie Woodard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jasmine C Turner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jeri-Carol Crumpton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lance Miller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Adam Rubrum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Charles J Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Elena A Govorkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Comparative Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Mia Kim-Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yohannes Berhane
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3M4, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - David Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Rebecca Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Furey C, Ye N, Kercher L, DeBeauchamp J, Crumpton JC, Jeevan T, Patton C, Franks J, Alameh MG, Fan SH, Phan AT, Hunter CA, Webby RJ, Weissman D, Hensley SE. Development of a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.30.538854. [PMID: 37162920 PMCID: PMC10168367 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.30.538854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from H5 clade 2.3.4.4b are circulating at unprecedently high levels in wild and domestic birds and have the potential to adapt to humans. We generated an mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein from a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 isolate. We show that the vaccine is immunogenic in mice and ferrets and prevents morbidity and mortality of ferrets following 2.3.4.4b H5N1 challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Furey
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naiqing Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeri Carol Crumpton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christopher Patton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John Franks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Infectious Disease Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Anthony T. Phan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Infectious Disease Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Waldock J, Weiss CD, Wang W, Levine MZ, Jefferson SN, Ho S, Hoschler K, Londt BZ, Masat E, Carolan L, Sánchez-Ovando S, Fox A, Watanabe S, Akimoto M, Sato A, Kishida N, Buys A, Maake L, Fourie C, Caillet C, Raynaud S, Webby RJ, DeBeauchamp J, Cox RJ, Lartey SL, Trombetta CM, Marchi S, Montomoli E, Sanz-Muñoz I, Eiros JM, Sánchez-Martínez J, Duijsings D, Engelhardt OG. An external quality assessment feasibility study; cross laboratory comparison of haemagglutination inhibition assay and microneutralization assay performance for seasonal influenza serology testing: A FLUCOP study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129765. [PMID: 36926342 PMCID: PMC10011125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction External Quality Assessment (EQA) schemes are designed to provide a snapshot of laboratory proficiency, identifying issues and providing feedback to improve laboratory performance and inter-laboratory agreement in testing. Currently there are no international EQA schemes for seasonal influenza serology testing. Here we present a feasibility study for conducting an EQA scheme for influenza serology methods. Methods We invited participant laboratories from industry, contract research organizations (CROs), academia and public health institutions who regularly conduct hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) assays and have an interest in serology standardization. In total 16 laboratories returned data including 19 data sets for HAI assays and 9 data sets for MN assays. Results Within run analysis demonstrated good laboratory performance for HAI, with intrinsically higher levels of intra-assay variation for MN assays. Between run analysis showed laboratory and strain specific issues, particularly with B strains for HAI, whilst MN testing was consistently good across labs and strains. Inter-laboratory variability was higher for MN assays than HAI, however both assays showed a significant reduction in inter-laboratory variation when a human sera pool is used as a standard for normalization. Discussion This study has received positive feedback from participants, highlighting the benefit such an EQA scheme would have on improving laboratory performance, reducing inter laboratory variation and raising awareness of both harmonized protocol use and the benefit of biological standards for seasonal influenza serology testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Waldock
- Vaccines, Science Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stacie N Jefferson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sammy Ho
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Hoschler
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon Z Londt
- hVivo The Queen Mary Bioenterprises (QMB) Innovation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Masat
- hVivo The Queen Mary Bioenterprises (QMB) Innovation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Carolan
- World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephany Sánchez-Ovando
- World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annette Fox
- World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases: Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Akimoto
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases: Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Sato
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases: Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases: Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amelia Buys
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lorens Maake
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cardia Fourie
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rebecca J Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sarah L Lartey
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Claudia M Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Iván Sanz-Muñoz
- National Influenza Centre of Valladolid, Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (ICSCYL), Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José María Eiros
- National Influenza Centre of Valladolid, Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (ICSCYL), Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Martínez
- National Influenza Centre of Valladolid, Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (ICSCYL), Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Danny Duijsings
- Viroclinics, Clinical Virology Services, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Othmar G Engelhardt
- Vaccines, Science Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hasan S, Webby RJ, Iqbal M, Rashid HB, Ahmad MUD, Nazir J, DeBeauchamp J, Sadiq S, Chaudhry M. Sentinel surveillance for influenza A viruses in Lahore District Pakistan in flu season 2015-2016. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:38. [PMID: 34991508 PMCID: PMC8734537 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-07021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) remains an important global public health threat with limited epidemiological information available from low-and-middle-income countries. The major objective of this study was to describe the proportions, temporal and spatial distribution, and demographic and clinical characteristics of IAV positive patients with influenza like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods Prospective surveillance was established in a sentinel hospital from October 2015 to May 2016. All eligible outpatients and inpatients with ILI or SARI were enrolled in the study. Nasal and/or throat swabs were collected along with clinico-epidemiological data. Samples were tested by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) to identify IAV and subtype. The descriptive analysis of data was done in R software. Results Out of 311 enrolled patients, 284 (91.3%) were ILI and 27 (8.7%) were SARI cases. A distinct peak of ILI and SARI activity was observed in February. Fifty individuals (16%) were positive for IAV with peak positivity observed in December. Of 50 IAV, 15 were seasonal H3N2, 14 were H1N1pdm09 and 21 were unable to be typed. The majority of IAV positive cases (98%) presented with current or history of fever, 88% reported cough and 82% reported sore throat. The most common comorbidities in IAV positive cases were hepatitis C (4%), obesity (4%) and tuberculosis (6%). The highest incidence of patients reporting to the hospital was seen three days post symptoms onset (66/311) with 14 of these (14/66) positive for IAV. Conclusion Distinct trends of ILI, SARI and IAV positive cases were observed which can be used to inform public health interventions (vaccinations, hand and respiratory hygiene) at appropriate times among high-risk groups. We suggest sampling from both ILI and SARI patients in routine surveillance as recommended by WHO. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-07021-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Hasan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Richard J Webby
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Bin Rashid
- Department of Surgery and Pet Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mansur-Ud-Din Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Pathobiology, Riphah Veterinary College, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Nazir
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Virology Laboratory, Treidlia Biovet, Seven Hills, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shakera Sadiq
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mamoona Chaudhry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diamond M, Halfmann P, Maemura T, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Iida S, Kiso M, Scheaffer S, Darling T, Joshi A, Loeber S, Foster S, Ying B, Whitener B, Floyd K, Ujie M, Nakajima N, Ito M, Wright R, Uraki R, Li R, Sakai Y, Liu Y, Larson D, Osorio J, Hernandez-Ortiz J, Čiuoderis K, Florek K, Patel M, Bateman A, Odle A, Wong LY, Wang Z, Edara VV, Chong Z, Thackray L, Ueki H, Yamayoshi S, Imai M, Perlman S, Webby R, Seder R, Suthar M, Garcia-Sastre A, Schotsaert M, Suzuki T, Boon A, Kawaoka Y, Douek D, Moliva J, Sullivan N, Gagne M, Ransier A, Case J, Jeevan T, Franks J, Fabrizio T, DeBeauchamp J, Kercher L, Seiler P, Singh G, Warang P, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Sordillo E, van Bakel H, Simon V. The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus causes attenuated infection and disease in mice and hamsters. Res Sq 2021:rs.3.rs-1211792. [PMID: 34981044 PMCID: PMC8722607 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211792/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development and deployment of antibody and vaccine countermeasures, rapidly-spreading SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations at key antigenic sites in the spike protein jeopardize their efficacy. The recent emergence of B.1.1.529, the Omicron variant1,2, which has more than 30 mutations in the spike protein, has raised concerns for escape from protection by vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. A key test for potential countermeasures against B.1.1.529 is their activity in pre-clinical rodent models of respiratory tract disease. Here, using the collaborative network of the SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution (SAVE) program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), we evaluated the ability of multiple B.1.1.529 Omicron isolates to cause infection and disease in immunocompetent and human ACE2 (hACE2) expressing mice and hamsters. Despite modeling and binding data suggesting that B.1.1.529 spike can bind more avidly to murine ACE2, we observed attenuation of infection in 129, C57BL/6, and BALB/c mice as compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants, with limited weight loss and lower viral burden in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Although K18-hACE2 transgenic mice sustained infection in the lungs, these animals did not lose weight. In wild-type and hACE2 transgenic hamsters, lung infection, clinical disease, and pathology with B.1.1.529 also were milder compared to historical isolates or other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Overall, experiments from multiple independent laboratories of the SAVE/NIAID network with several different B.1.1.529 isolates demonstrate attenuated lung disease in rodents, which parallels preliminary human clinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Shun Iida
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo
| | - Maki Kiso
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephanie Foster
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | - Bradley Whitener
- Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Michiko Ujie
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo
| | | | - Mutsumi Ito
- University of Tokyo, Institute of Medical Science
| | - Ryan Wright
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ryuta Uraki
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University
| | - Yuko Sakai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University
| | - Deanna Larson
- Department of Animal Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University
| | | | - Juan Hernandez-Ortiz
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine. University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | | | | | - Mit Patel
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | - Abby Odle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa
| | - Lok-Yin Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Case
- Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - John Franks
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Kercher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patrick Seiler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bullard BL, Corder BN, DeBeauchamp J, Rubrum A, Korber B, Webby RJ, Weaver EA. Epigraph hemagglutinin vaccine induces broad cross-reactive immunity against swine H3 influenza virus. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1203. [PMID: 33619277 PMCID: PMC7900167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection in swine impacts the agricultural industry in addition to its zoonotic potential. Here, we utilize epigraph, a computational algorithm, to design a universal swine H3 influenza vaccine. The epigraph hemagglutinin proteins are delivered using an Adenovirus type 5 vector and are compared to a wild type hemagglutinin and the commercial inactivated vaccine, FluSure. In mice, epigraph vaccination leads to significant cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses against a diverse panel of swH3 isolates. Epigraph vaccination also reduces weight loss and lung viral titers in mice after challenge with three divergent swH3 viruses. Vaccination studies in swine, the target species for this vaccine, show stronger levels of cross-reactive antibodies and T-cell responses after immunization with the epigraph vaccine compared to the wild type and FluSure vaccines. In both murine and swine models, epigraph vaccination shows superior cross-reactive immunity that should be further investigated as a universal swH3 vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Bullard
- School of Biological Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Brigette N Corder
- School of Biological Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Adam Rubrum
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | - Eric A Weaver
- School of Biological Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu M, Yang G, DeBeauchamp J, Crumpton JC, Kim H, Li L, Wan XF, Kercher L, Bowman AS, Webster RG, Webby RJ, Russell CJ. HA stabilization promotes replication and transmission of swine H1N1 gamma influenza viruses in ferrets. eLife 2020; 9:56236. [PMID: 32602461 PMCID: PMC7326494 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandemic influenza A viruses can emerge from swine, an intermediate host that supports adaptation of human-preferred receptor-binding specificity by the hemagglutinin (HA) surface antigen. Other HA traits necessary for pandemic potential are poorly understood. For swine influenza viruses isolated in 2009–2016, gamma-clade viruses had less stable HA proteins (activation pH 5.5–5.9) than pandemic clade (pH 5.0–5.5). Gamma-clade viruses replicated to higher levels in mammalian cells than pandemic clade. In ferrets, a model for human adaptation, a relatively stable HA protein (pH 5.5–5.6) was necessary for efficient replication and airborne transmission. The overall airborne transmission frequency in ferrets for four isolates tested was 42%, and isolate G15 airborne transmitted 100% after selection of a variant with a stabilized HA. The results suggest swine influenza viruses containing both a stabilized HA and alpha-2,6 receptor binding in tandem pose greater pandemic risk. Increasing evidence supports adding HA stability to pre-pandemic risk assessment algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Guohua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jeri Carol Crumpton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Hyunsuh Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, United States
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, United States.,Missouri University Center for Research on Influenza Systems Biology (CRISB), University of Missouri, Columbia, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States.,MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Andrew S Bowman
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Robert G Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Charles J Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim H, DeBeauchamp J, Stigger E, Ellebedy A, Rubrum A, El-Shesheny R, Crumpton J, Kackos C, Thomas PG, Caniza M, DeVincenzo J, Ahmed R, Webby RJ. Dissecting human, ferret, and murine antibody and B cell responses to generate a broadly protective synthetic influenza virus hemagglutinin. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.245.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A major challenge in developing improved influenza vaccines is the identification of broadly reactive and protective epitopes. While it is generally believed that the specificity of the antibody response to hemagglutinin (HA) is relatively narrow, we and others have identified individuals that mount a cross-reactive neutralizing antibody response after natural infection. Using plasmablasts from one such individual we generated broadly cross-reactive HA-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Six of these mAbs bound to the globular head of the HA and one to the stalk region; all provided broad protection against multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses including zoonotic strains in passively immunized mice. Using a peptide ELISA approach, we identified the binding regions of each mAb and subsequently immunized mice with these peptides. Immunized mice showed less weight loss and significantly improved survival against challenges with multiple subtypes as compared with control mice. We next used a similar mapping approach with broadly reactive B cells from mice and ferrets. Based on all of the collected data we generated three different composite HA antigens (HF1, HF2 and HF3) that contained a different mix of broadly reactive epitopes in one native HA structure. Mice immunized with the HFs were protected from multiple challenges, including lethal doses of H1, H3, H5, H6, H7 and H9 viruses. We also showed the HFs protected ferrets from H1, H3, and H9 viruses. Overall, by combining data generated from an examination of B cell and antibody responses following infection and/or vaccination in humans, mice, and ferrets we were able to construct a composite HA that was able to induce broad protection against multiple subtypes of influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuh Kim
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | | | - Evelyn Stigger
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Ali Ellebedy
- 2Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University
| | - Adam Rubrum
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Jeri Crumpton
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Christina Kackos
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Paul G Thomas
- 3Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Miguela Caniza
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | | | - Rafi Ahmed
- 5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University
| | - Richard J Webby
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chaudhry M, Webby R, Swayne D, Rashid HB, DeBeauchamp J, Killmaster L, Criado MF, Lee DH, Webb A, Yousaf S, Asif M, Ain QU, Khan M, Ilyas Khan M, Hasan S, Yousaf A, Mushtaque A, Bokhari SF, Hasni MS. Avian influenza at animal-human interface: One-health challenge in live poultry retail stalls of Chakwal, Pakistan. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 14:257-265. [PMID: 32032469 PMCID: PMC7182597 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Live poultry retail stalls (LPRSs) are believed to be the source of human infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs); however, little is known about epidemiology of these viruses in LPRSs of Pakistan. Objectives The current study was conducted to estimate the virological and serological prevalence of AIVs in humans and poultry and associated risk factors among seropositive butchers. Methods A field survey of LPRSs of Chakwal District was conducted between December 2015 and March 2016. In total, 322 samples (sera = 161 and throat swab = 161) from butchers and 130 pooled oropharyngeal swabs and 100 sera from birds were collected. Baseline sera (n = 100) from general population were also tested. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test further confirmed by micro‐neutralization test (MN). Swabs were processed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors. Results In butchers, 15.5% sera were positive for antibodies against H9 virus using a cutoff of ≥40 in HI titer; 6% sera from general population were positive for H9. Seroprevalence in poultry was 89%, and only 2.30% swabs were positive for H9. Presence of another LPRS nearby and the number of cages in the stall were risk factors (OR > 1) for H9 seroprevalence in butchers. Conclusions This study provides evidence of co‐circulation of H9 virus in poultry and exposure of butchers in the LPRSs, which poses a continued threat to public health. We suggest regular surveillance of AIVs in occupationally exposed butchers and birds in LPRSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Chaudhry
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hamad Bin Rashid
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lindsay Killmaster
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Miria Ferreira Criado
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ashley Webb
- Department of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shumaila Yousaf
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mirwaise Khan
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas Khan
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Hasan
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arfat Yousaf
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abida Mushtaque
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Fakhra Bokhari
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hasni
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sonnberg S, Ducatez MF, DeBeauchamp J, Crumpton JC, Rubrum A, Sharp B, Hall RJ, Peacey M, Huang S, Webby RJ. Pandemic Seasonal H1N1 Reassortants Recovered from Patient Material Display a Phenotype Similar to That of the Seasonal Parent. J Virol 2016; 90:7647-56. [PMID: 27279619 PMCID: PMC4988147 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00772-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have previously shown that 11 patients became naturally coinfected with seasonal H1N1 (A/H1N1) and pandemic H1N1 (pdm/H1N1) during the Southern hemisphere winter of 2009 in New Zealand. Reassortment of influenza A viruses is readily observed during coinfection of host animals and in vitro; however, reports of reassortment occurring naturally in humans are rare. Using clinical specimen material, we show reassortment between the two coinfecting viruses occurred with high likelihood directly in one of the previously identified patients. Despite the lack of spread of these reassortants in the community, we did not find them to be attenuated in several model systems for viral replication and virus transmission: multistep growth curves in differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells revealed no growth deficiency in six recovered reassortants compared to A/H1N1 and pdm/H1N1 isolates. Two reassortant viruses were assessed in ferrets and showed transmission to aerosol contacts. This study demonstrates that influenza virus reassortants can arise in naturally coinfected patients. IMPORTANCE Reassortment of influenza A viruses is an important driver of virus evolution, but little has been done to address humans as hosts for the generation of novel influenza viruses. We show here that multiple reassortant viruses were generated during natural coinfection of a patient with pandemic H1N1 (2009) and seasonal H1N1 influenza A viruses. Though apparently fit in model systems, these reassortants did not become established in the wider population, presumably due to herd immunity against their seasonal H1 antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adam Rubrum
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bridgett Sharp
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard J Hall
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Peacey
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Webby
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaplan BS, DeBeauchamp J, Stigger-Rosser E, Franks J, Crumpton JC, Turner J, Darnell D, Jeevan T, Kayali G, Harding A, Webby RJ, Lowe JF. Influenza Virus Surveillance in Coordinated Swine Production Systems, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1834-6. [PMID: 26402228 PMCID: PMC4593420 DOI: 10.3201/eid2110.140633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the epidemiology of influenza A viruses in coordinated swine production systems to which no animals from outside the system are introduced, we conducted virologic surveillance during September 2012–September 2013. Animal age, geographic location, and farm type were found to affect the prevalence of these viruses.
Collapse
|
14
|
Inagaki K, Song MS, Crumpton JC, DeBeauchamp J, Jeevan T, Tuomanen EI, Webby RJ, Hakim H. Correlation Between the Interval of Influenza Virus Infectivity and Results of Diagnostic Assays in a Ferret Model. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:407-10. [PMID: 26068783 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between influenza virus infectivity and virus shedding, based on different diagnostic methods, has not been defined. METHODS Three donor ferrets infected with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) underwent daily quantitative culture, antigen-detection testing, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Eight contacts were sequentially cohoused with each of the donors for 24 hours during days 3-10 after inoculation. RESULTS Transmission was observed until day 5 after inoculation, corresponding to high culture titers and positive results of antigen-detection tests. Real-time RT-PCR showed no relation to the cessation of transmission. CONCLUSIONS Antigen-detection testing and virus culture but not real-time RT-PCR identified the end of the infectious period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Inagaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeri-Carol Crumpton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elaine I Tuomanen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hana Hakim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kayali G, Ortiz EJ, Chorazy ML, Nagaraja KV, DeBeauchamp J, Webby RJ, Gray GC. Serologic evidence of avian metapneumovirus infection among adults occupationally exposed to Turkeys. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:1453-8. [PMID: 21736487 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically similar, the avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and the human MPV (hMPV) are the only viruses in the Metapneumovirus genus. Previous research demonstrated the ability of hMPV to cause clinical disease in turkeys. In this controlled, cross-sectional, seroepidemiological study, we examined the hypothesis that aMPV might infect humans. We enrolled 95 adults occupationally exposed to turkeys and 82 nonexposed controls. Sera from study participants were examined for antibodies against aMPV and hMPV. Both in bivariate (OR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.1-9.2) and in multivariate modelling adjusting for antibody to hMPV (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.3-13.1), meat-processing workers were found to have an increased odds of previous infection with aMPV compared to controls. While hMPV antibody cross-reactivity is evident, these data suggest that occupational exposure to turkeys is a risk factor for human infection with aMPV. More studies are needed to validate these findings, to identify modes of aMPV transmission, and to determine risk factors associated with infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Kayali
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|