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Luan X, Fan X, Li G, Li M, Li N, Yan Y, Zhao X, Liu H, Wan K. Exploring the immunogenicity of Rv2201-519: A T-cell epitope-based antigen derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis AsnB with implications for tuberculosis infection detection and vaccine development. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111542. [PMID: 38342063 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Research dedicated to diagnostic reagents and vaccine development for tuberculosis (TB) is challenging due to the paucity of immunodominant antigens that can predict disease risk and exhibit protective potential. Therefore, it is crucial to identify T-cell epitope-based Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens characterized by specific and prominent recognition by the immune system. In this study, we constructed a T-cell epitope-rich tripeptide-splicing fragment (nucleotide positions 131-194, 334-377, and 579-643) of Rv2201 (also known as the 72 kDa AsnB)from the MTB genome, ultimately yielding the recombinant protein Rv2201-519 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Subsequently, we gauged the recombinant protein's ability to detect tuberculosis infection through ELISpot and assessed its immunostimulatory effect on mouse models using flow cytometry and ELISA. Our results indicated that Rv2201-519 possessed promising sensitivity; however, the sensitivity was lower than that of a commercial diagnostic kit containing ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c (80.56 % vs. 94.44 %). The Rv2201-519 group exhibited a propensity for a CD4+ Th1 cell immune response in inoculated BALB/c mice that manifested as higher levels of antigen-specific IgG production (IgG2a/IgG1 > 1). In comparison to Ag85B, Rv2201-519 induced a more robust Th1-type cellular immune response as evidenced by a notable rise in the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-12 cytokine production and increased CD4+ T cell activation with a higher percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells. Rv2201-519 also induced a higher level of IL-6 compared with Ag85B, a higher percentage of CD8+ T cells specific for Rv2201-519, and a lower percentage of CD8+IL-4+ T cells. Collectively, the current evidence suggests that Rv2201-519 could potentially serve as an immunodominant protein for tuberculosis infection screening, laying the groundwork for further evaluation in recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and subunit vaccines against MTB challenges in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Luan
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101100, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xueting Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guilian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mchao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuhan Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haican Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Kanglin Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
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Panda S, Morgan J, Cheng C, Saito M, Gilman RH, Ciobanu N, Crudu V, Catanzaro DG, Catanzaro A, Rodwell T, Perera JSB, Chathuranga T, Gunasena B, DeSilva AD, Peters B, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Identification of differentially recognized T cell epitopes in the spectrum of tuberculosis infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:765. [PMID: 38278794 PMCID: PMC10817963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is still incomplete knowledge of which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens can trigger distinct T cell responses at different stages of infection. Here, a proteome-wide screen of 20,610 Mtb-derived peptides in 21 patients mid-treatment for active tuberculosis (ATB) reveals IFNγ-specific T cell responses against 137 unique epitopes. Of these, 16% are recognized by two or more participants and predominantly derived from cell wall and cell processes antigens. There is differential recognition of antigens, including TB vaccine candidate antigens, between ATB participants and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA + /-) individuals. We developed an ATB-specific peptide pool (ATB116) consisting of epitopes exclusively recognized by ATB participants. This pool can distinguish patients with pulmonary ATB from IGRA + /- individuals from various geographical locations, with a sensitivity of over 60% and a specificity exceeding 80%. This proteome-wide screen of T cell reactivity identified infection stage-specific epitopes and antigens for potential use in diagnostics and measuring Mtb-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhasini Panda
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Morgan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Cheng
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nelly Ciobanu
- Phthisiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Valeriu Crudu
- Phthisiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Donald G Catanzaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Antonino Catanzaro
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Rodwell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Judy S B Perera
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Teshan Chathuranga
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Bandu Gunasena
- National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna D DeSilva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Chen L, Hua J, He X. Identification of cuproptosis-related molecular subtypes as a biomarker for differentiating active from latent tuberculosis in children. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:368. [PMID: 37393262 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell death plays a crucial role in the progression of active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent infection (LTBI). Cuproptosis, a novel programmed cell death, has been reported to be associated with the pathology of various diseases. We aimed to identify cuproptosis-related molecular subtypes as biomarkers for distinguishing ATB from LTBI in pediatric patients. METHOD The expression profiles of cuproptosis regulators and immune characteristics in pediatric patients with ATB and LTBI were analyzed based on GSE39939 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. From the 52 ATB samples, we investigated the molecular subtypes based on differentially expressed cuproptosis-related genes (DE-CRGs) via consensus clustering and related immune cell infiltration. Subtype-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The optimum machine model was then determined by comparing the performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGB), the random forest model (RF), the general linear model (GLM), and the support vector machine model (SVM). Nomogram and test datasets (GSE39940) were used to verify the prediction accuracy. RESULTS Nine DE-CRGs (NFE2L2, NLRP3, FDX1, LIPT1, PDHB, MTF1, GLS, DBT, and DLST) associated with active immune responses were ascertained between ATB and LTBI patients. Two cuproptosis-related molecular subtypes were defined in ATB pediatrics. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis suggested that compared with Subtype 2, Subtype 1 was characterized by decreased lymphocytes and increased inflammatory activation. Gene set variation analysis showed that cluster-specific DEGs in Subtype 1 were closely associated with immune and inflammation responses and energy and amino acids metabolism. The SVM model exhibited the best discriminative performance with a higher area under the curve (AUC = 0.983) and relatively lower root mean square and residual error. A final 5-gene-based (MAN1C1, DKFZP434N035, SIRT4, BPGM, and APBA2) SVM model was created, demonstrating satisfactory performance in the test datasets (AUC = 0.905). The decision curve analysis and nomogram calibration curve also revealed the accuracy of differentiating ATB from LTBI in children. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that cuproptosis might be associated with the immunopathology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children. Additionally, we built a satisfactory prediction model to assess the cuproptosis subtype risk in ATB, which can be used as a reliable biomarker for the distinguishment between pediatric ATB and LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, No.86, Chongwen Street, Lishui District, Nanjing City, 211002, China.
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaopu He
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen L, Hua J, Dai X, He X. Assessment of ferroptosis-associated gene signatures as potential biomarkers for differentiating latent from active tuberculosis in children. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 37163321 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptotic cell death is a regulated process that is governed by iron-dependent membrane lipid peroxide accumulation that plays a pathogenic role in several disease-related settings. The use of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) to distinguish active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among children, however, remains to be analysed. Tuberculosis-related gene expression data and FRG lists were obtained, respectively, from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and FerrDb. Differentially expressed FRGs (DE-FRGs) detected when comparing samples from paediatric ATB and LTBI patients were explored using appropriate bioinformatics techniques, after which enrichment analyses were performed for these genes and hub genes were identified, with these genes then being used to explore potential drug interactions and construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. The GSE39939 dataset yielded 124 DE-FRGs that were primarily related to responses to oxidative, chemical and extracellular stimulus-associated stress. In total, the LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms enabled the identification of nine hub genes (MAPK14, EGLN2, IDO1, USP11, SCD, CBS, PARP8, PARP16, CDC25A) that exhibited good diagnostic utility. Functional enrichment analyses of these genes suggested that they may govern ATB transition from LTBI through the control of many pathways, including the immune response, DNA repair, transcription, RNA degradation, and glycan and energy metabolism pathways. The CIBERSORT algorithm suggested that these genes were positively correlated with inflammatory and myeloid cell activity while being negatively correlated with the activity of lymphocytes. A total of 50 candidate drugs targeting 6 hub DE-FRGs were also identified, and a ceRNA network was used to explore the complex interplay among these hub genes. The nine hub FRGs defined in this study may serve as valuable biomarkers differentiating between ATB and LTBI in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaopu He
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Panda S, Morgan J, Cheng C, Saito M, Gilman RH, Ciobanu N, Crudu V, Catanzaro DG, Catanzaro A, Rodwell T, Perera JS, Chathuranga T, Gunasena B, DeSilva AD, Peters B, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Identification of differentially recognized T cell epitopes in the spectrum of Mtb infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.12.536550. [PMID: 37090558 PMCID: PMC10120689 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent. Identifying dominant epitopes and comparing their reactivity in different tuberculosis (TB) infection states can help design diagnostics and vaccines. We performed a proteome-wide screen of 20,610 Mtb derived peptides in 21 Active TB (ATB) patients 3-4 months post-diagnosis of pulmonary TB (mid-treatment) using an IFNγ and IL-17 Fluorospot assay. Responses were mediated exclusively by IFNγ and identified a total of 137 unique epitopes, with each patient recognizing, on average, 8 individual epitopes and 22 epitopes (16%) recognized by 2 or more participants. Responses were predominantly directed against antigens part of the cell wall and cell processes category. Testing 517 peptides spanning TB vaccine candidates and ESAT-6 and CFP10 antigens also revealed differential recognition between ATB participants mid-treatment and healthy IGRA+ participants of several vaccine antigens. An ATB-specific peptide pool consisting of epitopes exclusively recognized by participants mid-treatment, allowed distinguishing participants with active pulmonary TB from healthy interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)+/- participants from diverse geographical locations. Analysis of longitudinal samples indicated decreased reactivity during treatment for pulmonary TB. Together, these results show that a proteome-wide screen of T cell reactivity identifies epitopes and antigens that are differentially recognized depending on the Mtb infection stage. These have potential use in developing diagnostics and vaccine candidates and measuring correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhasini Panda
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Morgan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Cheng
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nelly Ciobanu
- Phthisiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Valeriu Crudu
- Phthisiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Donald G Catanzaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Antonino Catanzaro
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Rodwell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Judy S.B. Perera
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Teshan Chathuranga
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Bandu Gunasena
- National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna D. DeSilva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mao LR, Du JP, Wang XC, Xu LF, Zhang YP, Sun QS, Shi ZL, Xing YR, Su YX, Wang SJ, Wang J, Ma JL, Zhang JY. Long-Term Immunogenicity and In Vitro Prophylactic Protective Efficacy of M. tuberculosis Fusion Protein DR2 Combined with Liposomal Adjuvant DIMQ as a Boosting Vaccine for BCG. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:593-608. [PMID: 36808986 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The resuscitation of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important cause of adult tuberculosis (TB) transmission. According to the interaction mechanism between M. tuberculosis and the host, the latency antigen Rv0572c and region of difference 9 (RD9) antigen Rv3621c were selected in this study to prepare the fusion protein DR2. Stimulating clinically diagnosed active tuberculosis infections (i.e., TB patients), latent tuberculosis infections, and healthy controls confirmed that T lymphocytes could recognize DR2 protein in the peripheral blood of TB-infected individuals more than subcomponent protein. The DR2 protein was then emulsified in the liposome adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, and imiquimod (DIMQ) was administered to C57BL/6 mice immunized with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to evaluate their immunogenicity. Studies have shown that DR2/DIMQ, a booster vaccine for BCG primary immunization, can elicit robust CD4+ Th1 cell immune response and predominant IFN-γ+ CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) subsets. Furthermore, the serum antibody level and the expression of related cytokines increased significantly with the extension of immunization time, with IL2+, CD4+, or CD8+ central memory T cells (TCM) subsets predominant in the long term. This immunization strategy showed matched prophylactic protective efficacy by performing in vitro challenge experiment. This result provides robust evidence that the novel subunit vaccine prepared by fusion protein DR2 combined with liposomal adjuvant DIMQ is a promising TB vaccine candidate for further preclinical trials as a booster vaccine for BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jian-Peng Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Li-Fa Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yan-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cosmetology, School of Medicine, Huainan Union University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Qi-Shan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huainan Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan 232007, China
| | - Zi-Lun Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232035, China
| | - Ying-Ru Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yi-Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232035, China
| | - Sheng-Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huainan Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan 232007, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ji-Lei Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jing-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
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Alkarni M, Lipman M, Lowe DM. The roles of neutrophils in non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:14. [PMID: 36800956 PMCID: PMC9938600 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) is an increasingly recognised global health issue. Studies have suggested that neutrophils may play an important role in controlling NTM infection and contribute to protective immune responses within the early phase of infection. However, these cells are also adversely associated with disease progression and exacerbation and can contribute to pathology, for example in the development of bronchiectasis. In this review, we discuss the key findings and latest evidence regarding the diverse functions of neutrophils in NTM infection. First, we focus on studies that implicate neutrophils in the early response to NTM infection and the evidence reporting neutrophils' capability to kill NTM. Next, we present an overview of the positive and negative effects that characterise the bidirectional relationship between neutrophils and adaptive immunity. We consider the pathological role of neutrophils in driving the clinical phenotype of NTM-PD including bronchiectasis. Finally, we highlight the current promising treatments in development targeting neutrophils in airways diseases. Clearly, more insights on the roles of neutrophils in NTM-PD are needed in order to inform both preventative strategies and host-directed therapy for these important infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyad Alkarni
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PP UK
| | - Marc Lipman
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M. Lowe
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PP UK
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8
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Kumar NP, Babu S. Impact of diabetes mellitus on immunity to latent tuberculosis infection. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1095467. [PMID: 36993821 PMCID: PMC10012073 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1095467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that poses a major health threat and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) bacilli, hosts who fail to clear M.tb end up in a state of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), in which the bacteria are contained but not eliminated. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a noncommunicable disease that can weaken host immunity and lead to increased susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between DM and active TB, data on the association between DM and LTBI remains limited. Immunological data suggest that LTBI in the presence of DM leads to an impaired production of protective cytokines and poly-functional T cell responses, accounting for a potential immunological mechanism that could leads to an increased risk of active TB. This review highlights the salient features of the immunological underpinnings influencing the interaction between TB and DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathella Pavan Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Nathella Pavan Kumar, ,
| | - Subash Babu
- International Centre for Excellence in Research, National Institutes of Health, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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9
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Larsen SE, Erasmus JH, Reese VA, Pecor T, Archer J, Kandahar A, Hsu FC, Nicholes K, Reed SG, Baldwin SL, Coler RN. An RNA-Based Vaccine Platform for Use against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010130. [PMID: 36679975 PMCID: PMC9862644 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), a bacterial pathogen that causes tuberculosis disease (TB), exerts an extensive burden on global health. The complex nature of M.tb, coupled with different TB disease stages, has made identifying immune correlates of protection challenging and subsequently slowing vaccine candidate progress. In this work, we leveraged two delivery platforms as prophylactic vaccines to assess immunity and subsequent efficacy against low-dose and ultra-low-dose aerosol challenges with M.tb H37Rv in C57BL/6 mice. Our second-generation TB vaccine candidate ID91 was produced as a fusion protein formulated with a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion) or as a novel replicating-RNA (repRNA) formulated in a nanostructured lipid carrier. Protein subunit- and RNA-based vaccines preferentially elicit cellular immune responses to different ID91 epitopes. In a single prophylactic immunization screen, both platforms reduced pulmonary bacterial burden compared to the controls. Excitingly, in prime-boost strategies, the groups that received heterologous RNA-prime, protein-boost or combination immunizations demonstrated the greatest reduction in bacterial burden and a unique humoral and cellular immune response profile. These data are the first to report that repRNA platforms are a viable system for TB vaccines and should be pursued with high-priority M.tb antigens containing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E. Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- HDT BioCorp, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Valerie A. Reese
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Immune cell interactions in tuberculosis. Cell 2022; 185:4682-4702. [PMID: 36493751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite having been identified as the organism that causes tuberculosis in 1882, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has managed to still evade our understanding of the protective immune response against it, defying the development of an effective vaccine. Technology and novel experimental models have revealed much new knowledge, particularly with respect to the heterogeneity of the bacillus and the host response. This review focuses on certain immunological elements that have recently yielded exciting data and highlights the importance of taking a holistic approach to understanding the interaction of M. tuberculosis with the many host cells that contribute to the development of protective immunity.
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Coexpression Network Analysis-Based Identification of Critical Genes Differentiating between Latent and Active Tuberculosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2090560. [PMID: 36411825 PMCID: PMC9674975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2090560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Methods Three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray datasets (GSE19491, GSE98461, and GSE152532) were downloaded, with GSE19491 and GSE98461 then being merged to form a training dataset. Hub genes capable of differentiating between ATB and LTBI were then identified through differential expression analyses and a WGCNA analysis of this training dataset. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were then used to gauge to the diagnostic accuracy of these hub genes in the test dataset (GSE152532). Gene expression-based immune cell infiltration and the relationship between such infiltration and hub gene expression were further assessed via a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Results In total, 485 differentially expressed genes were analyzed, with the WGCNA approach yielding 8 coexpression models. Of these, the black module was the most closely correlated with ATB. In total, five hub genes (FBXO6, ATF3, GBP1, GBP4, and GBP5) were identified as potential biomarkers associated with LTBI progression to ATB based on a combination of differential expression and LASSO analyses. The area under the ROC curve values for these five genes ranged from 0.8 to 0.9 in the test dataset, and ssGSEA revealed the expression of these genes to be negatively correlated with lymphocyte activity but positively correlated with myeloid and inflammatory cell activity. Conclusion The five hub genes identified in this study may play a novel role in tuberculosis-related immunopathology and offer value as novel biomarkers differentiating LTBI from ATB.
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12
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Luan X, Fan X, Wang R, Deng Y, Chen Z, Li N, Yan Y, Li X, Liu H, Li G, Wan K. High Immunogenicity of a T-Cell Epitope-Rich Recombinant Protein Rv1566c-444 From Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Immunized BALB/c Mice, Despite Its Low Diagnostic Sensitivity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824415. [PMID: 35265079 PMCID: PMC8899609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of immunodominant antigens is of great significance for the development of new especially sensitive diagnostic reagents and effective vaccines in controlling tuberculosis (TB). In the present study, we targeted the T-Cell epitope-rich fragment (nucleotide position 109-552) of Rv1566c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and got a recombinant protein Rv1566c-444 and the full-length protein Rv1566c with Escherichia coli expression system, then compared their performances for TB diagnosis and immunogenicity in a mouse model. The results showed that Rv1566c-444 had similar sensitivity with Rv1566c (44.44% Vs 30.56%) but lower sensitivity than ESAT-6&CFP-10&Rv3615c (44.4% Vs. 94.4%) contained in a commercial kit for distinguishing TB patients from healthy donors. In immunized BALB/c mice, Rv1566c-444 elicited stronger T-helper 1 (Th1) cellular immune response over Rv1566c with higher levels of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 expression ratio by ELISA; more importantly, with a higher proliferation of CD4+ T cells and a higher proportion of CD4+ TNF-α+ T cells with flow cytometry. Rv1566c-444 also induced a higher level of IL-6 by ELISA and a higher proportion of Rv1566c-444-specific CD8+ T cells and a lower proportion of CD8+ IL-4+ T cells by flow cytometry compared with the Rv1566c group. Moreover, the Rv1566c-444 group showed a high IgG secretion level and the same type of CD4+ Th cell immune response (both IgG1/IgG2a >1) as its parental protein group. Our results showed the potential of the recombinant protein Rv1566c-444 enriched with T-Cell epitopes from Rv1566c as a host T cell response measuring biomarker for TB diagnosis and support further evaluation of Rv1566c-444 as vaccine antigen against MTB challenge in animal models in the form of protein mixture or fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Luan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yunli Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Community Health Management Service Center, Longgang District Peoples Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Department of Infection Control, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haican Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guilian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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13
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Weathered C, Pennington K, Escalante P, Pienaar E. The Role of Biofilms, Bacterial Phenotypes, and Innate Immune Response in Mycobacterium avium Colonization to Infection. J Theor Biol 2021; 534:110949. [PMID: 34717938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), is known for colonizing and infecting humans following inhalation of the bacteria. MAC pulmonary disease is notoriously difficult to treat and prone to recurrence. Both the incidence and prevalence MAC pulmonary disease have been increasing globally. MAC is well known to form biofilms in the environment, and in vitro, these biofilms have been shown to aid MAC in epithelial cell invasion, protect MAC from phagocytosis, and cause premature apoptosis in macrophages. In vivo, the system of interactions between MAC, biofilms and host macrophages is complex, difficult to replicate in vitro and in animal models, has not been fully characterized. Here we present a three-dimensional agent-based model of a lung airway to help understand how these interactions evolve in the first 14 days post-bacterial inhalation. We parameterized the model using published data and performed uncertainty analysis to characterize outcomes and parameters' effects on those outcomes. Model results show diverse outcomes, including wide ranges of macrophage recruitment levels, and bacterial loads and phenotype distribution. Though most bacteria are phagocytosed by macrophages and remain intracellular, there are also many simulations in which extracellular bacteria continue to drive the colonization and infection. Initial parameters dictating host immune levels, bacterial loads introduced to the airway, and biofilm conditions have significant and lasting impacts on the course of these results. Additionally, though macrophage recruitment is key for suppressing bacterial loads, there is evidence of significant excess recruitment that fail to impact bacterial numbers. These results highlight a need and identify a path for further exploration into the inhalation events in MAC infection. Early infection dynamics could have lasting impacts on the development of nodular bronchiectatic or fibrocavitary disease as well as inform possible preventative and treatment intervention targeting biofilm-macrophage interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Weathered
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kelly Pennington
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Patricio Escalante
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Elsje Pienaar
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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14
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Boom WH, Schaible UE, Achkar JM. The knowns and unknowns of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136222. [PMID: 33529162 DOI: 10.1172/jci136222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for thousands of years. While tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest infectious diseases, is caused by uncontrolled Mtb infection, over 90% of presumed infected individuals remain asymptomatic and contain Mtb in a latent TB infection (LTBI) without ever developing disease, and some may clear the infection. A small number of heavily Mtb-exposed individuals appear to resist developing traditional LTBI. Because Mtb has mechanisms for intracellular survival and immune evasion, successful control involves all of the arms of the immune system. Here, we focus on immune responses to Mtb in humans and nonhuman primates and discuss new concepts and outline major knowledge gaps in our understanding of LTBI, ranging from the earliest events of exposure and infection to success or failure of Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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15
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Bouzeyen R, Chugh S, Gosain TP, Barbouche MR, Haoues M, Rao KVS, Essafi M, Singh R. Co-Administration of Anticancer Candidate MK-2206 Enhances the Efficacy of BCG Vaccine Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice and Guinea Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645962. [PMID: 34122406 PMCID: PMC8190480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of M. bovis BCG to induce long-term protection has been endowed to its inability to escape the phagolysosome, leading to mild activation of CD8+ mediated T cell response. Induction of apoptosis in host cells plays an important role in potentiating dendritic cells-mediated priming of CD8+ T cells, a process defined as “cross-priming.” Moreover, IL-10 secretion by infected cells has been reported to hamper BCG-induced immunity against Tuberculosis (TB). Previously, we have reported that apoptosis of BCG-infected macrophages and inhibition of IL-10 secretion is FOXO3 dependent, a transcription factor negatively regulated by the pro-survival activated threonine kinase, Akt. We speculate that FOXO3-mediated induction of apoptosis and abrogation of IL-10 secretion along with M. bovis BCG immunization might enhance the protection imparted by BCG. Here, we have assessed whether co-administration of a known anti-cancer Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, enhances the protective efficacy of M. bovis BCG in mice model of infection. We observed that in vitro MK-2206 treatment resulted in FOXO3 activation, enhanced BCG-induced apoptosis of macrophages and inhibition of IL-10 secretion. Co-administration of M. bovis BCG along with MK-2206 also increased apoptosis of antigen-presenting cells in draining lymph nodes of immunized mice. Further, MK-2206 administration improved BCG-induced CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells responses and its ability to induce both effector and central memory T cells. Finally, we show that co-administration of MK-2206 enhanced the protection imparted by M. bovis BCG against Mtb in aerosol infected mice and guinea pigs. Taken together, we provide evidence that MK-2206-mediated activation of FOXO3 potentiates BCG-induced immunity and imparts protection against Mtb through enhanced innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Bouzeyen
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LTCII, LR11 IPT02, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saurabh Chugh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | | | - Meriam Haoues
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LTCII, LR11 IPT02, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kanury V S Rao
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Makram Essafi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LTCII, LR11 IPT02, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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16
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Sulman S, Savidge BO, Alqaseer K, Das MK, Nezam Abadi N, Pearl JE, Turapov O, Mukamolova GV, Akhtar MW, Cooper AM. Balance between Protection and Pathogenic Response to Aerosol Challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in Mice Vaccinated with TriFu64, a Fusion Consisting of Three Mtb Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050519. [PMID: 34070048 PMCID: PMC8158147 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis vaccines capable of reducing disease worldwide have proven difficult to develop. BCG is effective in limiting childhood disease, but adult TB is still a major public health issue. Development of new vaccines requires identification of antigens that are both spatially and temporally available throughout infection, and immune responses to which reduce bacterial burden without increasing pathologic outcomes. Subunit vaccines containing antigen require adjuvants to drive appropriate long-lived responses. We generated a triple-antigen fusion containing the virulence-associated EsxN (Rv1793), the PPE42 (Rv2608), and the latency associated Rv2628 to investigate the balance between bacterial reduction and weight loss in an animal model of aerosol infection. We found that in both a low pattern recognition receptor (PRR) engaging adjuvant and a high PRR-engaging adjuvant (MPL/TDM/DDA) the triple-antigen fusion could reduce the bacterial burden, but also induced weight loss in the mice upon aerosol infection. The weight loss was associated with an imbalance between TNFα and IL-17 transcription in the lung upon challenge. These data indicate the need to assess both protective and pathogenic responses when investigating subunit vaccine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Sulman
- Department Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (S.S.); (B.O.S.); (K.A.); (M.K.D.); (N.N.A.); (J.E.P.); (O.T.); (G.V.M.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Benjamin O. Savidge
- Department Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (S.S.); (B.O.S.); (K.A.); (M.K.D.); (N.N.A.); (J.E.P.); (O.T.); (G.V.M.)
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group—LTBRG, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Kawther Alqaseer
- Department Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (S.S.); (B.O.S.); (K.A.); (M.K.D.); (N.N.A.); (J.E.P.); (O.T.); (G.V.M.)
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group—LTBRG, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Nursing, University of Kufa, P.O. Box 21, Kufa, Najaf Governorate, Najaf 540011, Iraq
| | - Mrinal K. Das
- Department Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (S.S.); (B.O.S.); (K.A.); (M.K.D.); (N.N.A.); (J.E.P.); (O.T.); (G.V.M.)
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group—LTBRG, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Neda Nezam Abadi
- Department Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (S.S.); (B.O.S.); (K.A.); (M.K.D.); (N.N.A.); (J.E.P.); (O.T.); (G.V.M.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - John E. Pearl
- Department Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (S.S.); (B.O.S.); (K.A.); (M.K.D.); (N.N.A.); (J.E.P.); (O.T.); (G.V.M.)
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group—LTBRG, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Obolbek Turapov
- Department Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (S.S.); (B.O.S.); (K.A.); (M.K.D.); (N.N.A.); (J.E.P.); (O.T.); (G.V.M.)
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group—LTBRG, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Galina V. Mukamolova
- Department Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (S.S.); (B.O.S.); (K.A.); (M.K.D.); (N.N.A.); (J.E.P.); (O.T.); (G.V.M.)
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group—LTBRG, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - M. Waheed Akhtar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Andrea May Cooper
- Department Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (S.S.); (B.O.S.); (K.A.); (M.K.D.); (N.N.A.); (J.E.P.); (O.T.); (G.V.M.)
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group—LTBRG, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)116-252-2957; Fax: +44-(0)116-252-5030
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17
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Bilich T, Nelde A, Heitmann JS, Maringer Y, Roerden M, Bauer J, Rieth J, Wacker M, Peter A, Hörber S, Rachfalski D, Märklin M, Stevanović S, Rammensee HG, Salih HR, Walz JS. T cell and antibody kinetics delineate SARS-CoV-2 peptides mediating long-term immune responses in COVID-19 convalescent individuals. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabf7517. [PMID: 33723016 PMCID: PMC8128286 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-term immunological memory to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for the development of population-level immunity, which is the aim of vaccination approaches. Reports on rapidly decreasing antibody titers have led to questions regarding the efficacy of humoral immunity alone. The relevance of T cell memory after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. Here, we investigated SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses in matched samples of COVID-19 convalescent individuals up to 6 months after infection. Longitudinal analysis revealed decreasing and stable spike- and nucleocapsid-specific antibody responses, respectively. In contrast, functional T cell responses remained robust, and even increased, in both frequency and intensity. Single peptide mapping of T cell diversity over time identified open reading frame-independent, dominant T cell epitopes mediating long-term SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses. Identification of these epitopes may be fundamental for COVID-19 vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Bilich
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yacine Maringer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Malte Roerden
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bauer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Rieth
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Wacker
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Rachfalski
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Märklin
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases (RBCT), 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
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Systematic Evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteins for Antigenic Properties Identifies Rv1485 and Rv1705c as Potential Protective Subunit Vaccine Candidates. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00585-20. [PMID: 33318140 PMCID: PMC8097267 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00585-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of efficacious vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is a limiting factor in the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of death from an infectious agent. Improvement or replacement of the BCG vaccine with one that reliably protects all age groups is urgent. The lack of efficacious vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is a limiting factor in the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of death from an infectious agent. Improvement or replacement of the BCG vaccine with one that reliably protects all age groups is urgent. Concerns exist that antigens currently being evaluated are too homogeneous. To identify new protective antigens, we screened 1,781 proteins from a high-throughput proteome-wide protein purification study for antigenic activity. Forty-nine antigens (34 previously unreported) induced antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from 4,452 TB and suspected TB patients and 167 healthy donors. Three (Rv1485, Rv1705c, and Rv1802) of the 20 antigens evaluated in a BALB/c mouse challenge model showed protective efficacy, reducing lung CFU counts by 66.2%, 75.8%, and 60%, respectively. Evaluation of IgG2a/IgG1 ratios and cytokine release indicated that Rv1485 and Rv1705c induce a protective Th1 immune response. Epitope analysis of PE/PPE protein Rv1705c, the strongest candidate, identified a dominant epitope in its extreme N-terminal domain accounting for 90% of its immune response. Systematic preclinical assessment of antigens Rv1485 and Rv1705c is warranted.
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19
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The Role of β-Catenin in Th1 Immune Response against Tuberculosis and Profiles of Expression in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6625855. [PMID: 33628846 PMCID: PMC7892223 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6625855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a key molecule of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Its roles and expression profiles in T cells of tuberculosis (TB) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of β-catenin in CD4+ T cells and its expression characteristics in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). In this study, CD4+ T cell-specific β-catenin conditional knockout mice (β-CAT-cKO mice) were aerosol infected with Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) H37RV with wild-type mice as controls. Four weeks after infection, the mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TCF-7 in the lungs of mice was measured. CD4, CD8, β-catenin, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in mononuclear cells from the lungs and spleens were measured by flow cytometry, and the pathological changes of lungs were also observed. Patients with PTB were enrolled, with blood samples collected and PBMCs isolated. The expressions of β-catenin, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and PD-1 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry. Results showed a decreased frequency of and reduced IFN-γ/TNF-α mRNA expression and secretion by CD4+ T cells in the lungs of infected β-CAT-cKO mice compared with infected wild-type controls, and only slightly more inflammatory changes were observed in the lungs. β-catenin expressions in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly decreased in blood cells of patients with severe PTB compared with those in mild PTB. The stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with lithium chloride (LiCl), a stimulant of β-catenin, resulted in the increase in CD4+ T cell frequency, as well as their secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α. β-Catenin demonstrated a moderately positive correlation with PD-1 in CD4+ T cells. β-Catenin along with PD-1 and IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells had a high correlation with those in CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, β-catenin may be involved in the regulation of Th1 response and CD4+ T cell frequency in TB.
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Swarbrick GM, Gela A, Cansler ME, Null MD, Duncan RB, Nemes E, Shey M, Nsereko M, Mayanja-Kizza H, Kiguli S, Koh J, Hanekom WA, Hatherill M, Lancioni C, Lewinsohn DM, Scriba TJ, Lewinsohn DA. Postnatal Expansion, Maturation, and Functionality of MR1T Cells in Humans. Front Immunol 2020; 11:556695. [PMID: 33042140 PMCID: PMC7524872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.556695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells are defined by their recognition of metabolite antigens presented by the monomorphic MHC class 1-related molecule, MR1, the most highly conserved MHC class I related molecule in mammalian species. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the predominant subset of MR1T cells expressing an invariant TCR α-chain, TRAV1-2. These cells comprise a T cell subset that recognizes and mediates host immune responses to a broad array of microbial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we sought to characterize development of circulating human MR1T cells as defined by MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer labeling and of the TRAV1-2+ MAIT cells defined by expression of TRAV1-2 and high expression of CD26 and CD161 (TRAV1-2+CD161++CD26++ cells). We analyzed postnatal expansion, maturation, and functionality of peripheral blood MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+ MR1T cells in cohorts from three different geographic settings with different tuberculosis (TB) vaccination practices, levels of exposure to and infection with M. tuberculosis. Early after birth, frequencies of MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+ MR1T cells increased rapidly by several fold. This coincided with the transition from a predominantly CD4+ and TRAV1-2- population in neonates, to a predominantly TRAV1-2+CD161++CD26++ CD8+ population. We also observed that tetramer+ MR1T cells that expressed TNF upon mycobacterial stimulation were very low in neonates, but increased ~10-fold in the first year of life. These functional MR1T cells in all age groups were MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+TRAV1-2+ and highly expressed CD161 and CD26, markers that appeared to signal phenotypic and functional maturation of this cell subset. This age-associated maturation was also marked by the loss of naïve T cell markers on tetramer+ TRAV1-2+ MR1T cells more rapidly than tetramer+TRAV1-2- MR1T cells and non-MR1T cells. These data suggest that neonates have infrequent populations of MR1T cells with diverse phenotypic attributes; and that exposure to the environment rapidly and preferentially expands the MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+TRAV1-2+ population of MR1T cells, which becomes the predominant population of functional MR1T cells early during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn M. Swarbrick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Portland Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Meghan E. Cansler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Megan D. Null
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rowan B. Duncan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muki Shey
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mary Nsereko
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Kiguli
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Paediatrics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jeffrey Koh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Willem A. Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christina Lancioni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Portland Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deborah A. Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Mahmood MS, Bin-T-Abid D, Irshad S, Batool H. Analysis of Putative Epitope Candidates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Against Pakistani Human Leukocyte Antigen Background: An Immunoinformatic Study for the Development of Future Vaccine. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020; 27:597-614. [PMID: 32922244 PMCID: PMC7472948 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a global health issue across the world. Pakistan ranks fifth among the countries, which are facing, a significantly great number of mortalities and morbidities due to TB. Unfortunately, all previously reported treatments are not successful for the eradication of TB. Here in this study, we report an emerging treatment option for this disease. We have applied immunoinformatics to predict highly conserved B and T-cell epitopes from Mtb, showing significant binding affinities to the frequent HLA alleles in the Pakistani population. A total of ten highly referenced and experimentally validated epitopes were selected from the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), followed by their conservancy analysis using weblogos. The consensus sequences and variants derived from these sequences were examined, for their binding affinities, with prevalent HLA alleles of Pakistan. Moreover, the antigenic and allergenic natures of these peptides were also evaluated via Vaxijen and AllerTOP, respectively. Consequently, all potentially allergenic and non-antigenic, peptide fragments, were excluded from the analysis. Among all putative epitopes, three CD8 + T-cell epitopes were selected, as ideal vaccine candidates and, population coverage analysis revealed that the combination of these three peptides was covering, 67.28% Pakistani Asian and 57.15% mixed Pakistani populations. Likewise, eleven linear and six conformational or discontinuous B-cell epitopes were also marked as potential vaccine candidates based on their prediction score, non-allergenic nature, and antigenic properties. These epitopes, however, need the final validation via wet-lab studies. After their approval, these epitopes would be effective candidates for the future designing of epitope-based vaccines against Mtb infections in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Siddique Mahmood
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, P. O box No. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Duaa Bin-T-Abid
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, P. O box No. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Irshad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, P. O box No. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Batool
- Department of Life Science, School of Science, University of Management Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124351. [PMID: 32570978 PMCID: PMC7352966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are steadily increasing worldwide, partially due to the increased incidence of immunocompromised conditions, such as the post-transplantation state. The importance of proper diagnosis and management of NTM infection has been recently recognized. Host immunological responses play integral roles in vulnerability to NTM infections, and may contribute to the onset of specific types of NTM infection. Furthermore, distinct NTM species are known to affect and attenuate these host immune responses in unique manners. Therefore, host immune responses must be understood with respect to each causative NTM species. Here, we review innate, cellular-mediated, and humoral immunity to NTM and provide perspectives on novel diagnostic approaches regarding each NTM species.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) host defense depends on cellular immunity, including macrophages and adaptively acquired CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. More recently, roles for new immune components, including neutrophils, innate T cells, and B cells, have been defined, and the understanding of the function of macrophages and adaptively acquired T cells has been advanced. Moreover, the understanding of TB immunology elucidates TB infection and disease as a spectrum. Finally, determinates of TB host defense, such as age and comorbidities, affect clinical expression of TB disease. Herein, the authors comprehensively review TB immunology with an emphasis on new advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lewinsohn
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3710 Southwest U.S. Veterans Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Oregon Health and Science University, 707 Southwest Gaines Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Schrager LK, Vekemens J, Drager N, Lewinsohn DM, Olesen OF. The status of tuberculosis vaccine development. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:e28-e37. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Rv2626c and Rv2032 activate TH1 response and downregulate regulatory T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of tuberculosis patients. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 62:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Tian Y, da Silva Antunes R, Sidney J, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Grifoni A, Dhanda SK, Paul S, Peters B, Weiskopf D, Sette A. A Review on T Cell Epitopes Identified Using Prediction and Cell-Mediated Immune Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Bordetella pertussis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2778. [PMID: 30555469 PMCID: PMC6281829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present review, we summarize work from our as well as other groups related to the characterization of bacterial T cell epitopes, with a specific focus on two important pathogens, namely, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), and Bordetella pertussis (BP), the bacterium that causes whooping cough. Both bacteria and their associated diseases are of large societal significance. Although vaccines exist for both pathogens, their efficacy is incomplete. It is widely thought that defects and/or alteration in T cell compartments are associated with limited vaccine effectiveness. As discussed below, a full genome-wide map was performed in the case of Mtb. For BP, our focus has thus far been on the antigens contained in the acellular vaccine; a full genome-wide screen is in the planning stage. Nevertheless, the sum-total of the results in the two different bacterial systems allows us to exemplify approaches and techniques that we believe are generally applicable to the mapping and characterization of human immune responses to bacterial pathogens. Finally, we add, as a disclaimer, that this review by design is focused on the work produced by our laboratory as an illustration of approaches to the study of T cell responses to Mtb and BP, and is not meant to be comprehensive, nor to detract from the excellent work performed by many other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sinu Paul
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Incipient and Subclinical Tuberculosis: a Clinical Review of Early Stages and Progression of Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/4/e00021-18. [PMID: 30021818 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00021-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide, due in part to a limited understanding of its clinical pathogenic spectrum of infection and disease. Historically, scientific research, diagnostic testing, and drug treatment have focused on addressing one of two disease states: latent TB infection or active TB disease. Recent research has clearly demonstrated that human TB infection, from latent infection to active disease, exists within a continuous spectrum of metabolic bacterial activity and antagonistic immunological responses. This revised understanding leads us to propose two additional clinical states: incipient and subclinical TB. The recognition of incipient and subclinical TB, which helps divide latent and active TB along the clinical disease spectrum, provides opportunities for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to prevent progression to active TB disease and transmission of TB bacilli. In this report, we review the current understanding of the pathogenesis, immunology, clinical epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of both incipient and subclinical TB, two emerging clinical states of an ancient bacterium.
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Coppola M, Ottenhoff TH. Genome wide approaches discover novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens as correlates of infection, disease, immunity and targets for vaccination. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:88-101. [PMID: 30327124 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Every day approximately six thousand people die of Tuberculosis (TB). Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an ancient pathogen that through its evolution developed complex mechanisms to evade immune surveillance and acquire the ability to establish persistent infection in its hosts. Currently, it is estimated that one-fourth of the human population is latently infected with Mtb and among those infected 3-10% are at risk of developing active TB disease during their lifetime. The currently available diagnostics are not able to detect this risk group for prophylactic treatment to prevent transmission. Anti-TB drugs are available but only as long regimens with considerable side effects, which could both be reduced if adequate tests were available to monitor the response of TB to treatment. New vaccines are also urgently needed to substitute or boost Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine: although BCG prevents disseminated TB in infants, it fails to impact the incidence of pulmonary TB in adults, and therefore has little effect on TB transmission. To achieve TB eradication, the discovery of Mtb antigens that effectively correlate with the human response to infection, with the curative host response following TB treatment, and with natural as well as vaccine induced protection will be critical. Over the last decade, many new Mtb antigens have been found and proposed as TB biomarkers and vaccine candidates, but only a very small number of these is being used in commercial diagnostic tests or is being assessed as candidate TB vaccine antigens in human clinical trials, aiming to prevent infection, disease or disease recurrence following treatment. Most of these antigens were discovered decades ago, before the complete Mtb genome sequence became available, and thus did not harness the latest insights from post-genomic antigen discovery strategies and genome wide approaches. These have, for example, revealed critical phase variation in Mtb replication and accompanying gene -and therefore antigen- expression patterns. In this review, we present a brief overview of past methodologies, and subsequently focus on the most important recent Mtb antigen discovery studies which have mined the Mtb antigenome through "unbiased" genome wide approaches. We compare the results for these approaches -as far as we know for the first time-, highlight Mtb antigens that have been identified independently by different strategies and present a comprehensive overview of the Mtb antigens thus discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Coppola
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Hm Ottenhoff
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Identification and Evaluation of Novel Protective Antigens for the Development of a Candidate Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00014-18. [PMID: 29661928 PMCID: PMC6013653 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00014-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is urgently needed. The only currently available vaccine, M. bovis BCG, has variable efficacy. One approach in the global vaccine development effort is focused on boosting BCG using subunit vaccines. The identification of novel antigens for inclusion in subunit vaccines is a critical step in the TB vaccine development pathway. We selected four novel mycobacterial antigens recognized during the course of human infection. A replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAdOx1) was constructed to express each antigen individually, and these vectors were evaluated for protective efficacy in murine M. tuberculosis challenge experiments. One antigen, PPE15 (Rv1039c), conferred significant and reproducible protection when administered alone and as a boost to BCG vaccination. We identified immunodominant epitopes to define the protective immune responses using tetramers and intravascular staining. Lung parenchymal CD4+ and CD8+ CXCR3+ KLRG1− T cells, previously associated with protection against M. tuberculosis, were enriched in the vaccinated groups compared to the control groups. Further work to evaluate the protective efficacy of PPE15 in more stringent preclinical animal models, together with the identification of further novel protective antigens using this selection strategy, is now merited.
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30
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The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1467538. [PMID: 29992170 PMCID: PMC6016164 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1467538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an essential role in the control of pathogens and in shaping the ensuing adaptive immune responses. Traditionally, innate immunity has been described as a rapid response triggered through generic and nonspecific means that by definition lacks the ability to remember. Recently, it has become clear that some innate immune cells are epigenetically reprogrammed or “imprinted” by past experiences. These “trained” innate immune cells display altered inflammatory responses upon subsequent pathogen encounter. Remembrance of past pathogen encounters has classically been attributed to cohorts of antigen-specific memory T and B cells following the resolution of infection. During recall responses, memory T and B cells quickly respond by proliferating, producing effector cytokines, and performing various effector functions. An often-overlooked effector function of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells is the promotion of an inflammatory milieu at the initial site of infection that mirrors the primary encounter. This memory-conditioned inflammatory response, in conjunction with other secondary effector T cell functions, results in better control and more rapid resolution of both infection and the associated tissue pathology. Recent advancements in our understanding of inflammatory triggers, imprinting of the innate immune responses, and the role of T cell memory in regulating inflammation are discussed.
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31
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Qi H, Zhang YB, Sun L, Chen C, Xu B, Xu F, Liu JW, Liu JC, Chen C, Jiao WW, Shen C, Xiao J, Li JQ, Guo YJ, Wang YH, Li QJ, Yin QQ, Li YJ, Wang T, Wang XY, Gu ML, Yu J, Shen AD. Discovery of susceptibility loci associated with tuberculosis in Han Chinese. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4752-4763. [PMID: 29036319 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed the worldwide heterogeneity of genetic factors in tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Despite having the third highest global TB burden, no TB-related GWAS has been performed in China. Here, we performed the first three-stage GWAS on TB in the Han Chinese population. In the stage 1 (discovery stage), after quality control, 691 388 SNPs present in 972 TB patients and 1537 controls were retained. After replication on an additional 3460 TB patients and 4862 controls (stages 2 and 3), we identified three significant loci associated with TB, the most significant of which was rs4240897 (logistic regression P = 1.41 × 10-11, odds ratio = 0.79). The aforementioned three SNPs were harbored by MFN2, RGS12 and human leukocyte antigen class II beta chain paralogue encoding genes, all of which are candidate immune genes associated with TB. Our findings provide new insight into the genetic background of TB in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yong-Biao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Biao Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Public Health Sciences (Global Health/IHCAR), Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jia-Wen Liu
- Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Liu
- Tuberculosis Hospital of Shaanxi Province 710100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tuberculosis Hospital of Shaanxi Province 710100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ya-Jie Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Qin-Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Qing-Qin Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ying-Jia Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xing-Yun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ming-Liang Gu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - A-Dong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
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Whatney WE, Gandhi NR, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Nizam A, Wu H, Quezada MJ, Campbell A, Allana S, Kabongo MM, Khayumbi J, Muchiri B, Ongalo J, Tonui J, Sasser LE, Fergus TJ, Ouma GS, Ouma SG, Beck AA, Mulligan MJ, Oladele A, Kaushal D, Cain KP, Waller L, Blumberg HM, Altman JD, Ernst JD, Rengarajan J, Day CL. A High Throughput Whole Blood Assay for Analysis of Multiple Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses in Human Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29540577 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells are important components of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet little information is currently known regarding how the breadth, specificity, phenotype, and function of M. tuberculosis-specific T cells correlate with M. tuberculosis infection outcome in humans. To facilitate evaluation of human M. tuberculosis-specific T cell responses targeting multiple different Ags, we sought to develop a high throughput and reproducible T cell response spectrum assay requiring low blood sample volumes. We describe here the optimization and standardization of a microtiter plate-based, diluted whole blood stimulation assay utilizing overlapping peptide pools corresponding to a functionally diverse panel of 60 M. tuberculosis Ags. Using IFN-γ production as a readout of Ag specificity, the assay can be conducted using 50 μl of blood per test condition and can be expanded to accommodate additional Ags. We evaluated the intra- and interassay variability, and implemented testing of the assay in diverse cohorts of M. tuberculosis-unexposed healthy adults, foreign-born adults with latent M. tuberculosis infection residing in the United States, and tuberculosis household contacts with latent M. tuberculosis infection in a tuberculosis-endemic setting in Kenya. The M. tuberculosis-specific T cell response spectrum assay further enhances the immunological toolkit available for evaluating M. tuberculosis-specific T cell responses across different states of M. tuberculosis infection, and can be readily implemented in resource-limited settings. Moreover, application of the assay to longitudinal cohorts will facilitate evaluation of treatment- or vaccine-induced changes in the breadth and specificity of Ag-specific T cell responses, as well as identification of M. tuberculosis-specific T cell responses associated with M. tuberculosis infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Whatney
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Neel R Gandhi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Azhar Nizam
- Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Melanie J Quezada
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Angela Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Salim Allana
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Mbuyi Madeleine Kabongo
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jeremiah Khayumbi
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Benson Muchiri
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Joshua Ongalo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Joan Tonui
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Loren E Sasser
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Tawania J Fergus
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Gregory Sadat Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Samuel Gurrion Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Allison A Beck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Kevin P Cain
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu 40100, Kenya; and
| | - Lance Waller
- Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Henry M Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - John D Altman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Joel D Ernst
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329; .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Cheryl L Day
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Yang JD, Mott D, Sutiwisesak R, Lu YJ, Raso F, Stowell B, Babunovic GH, Lee J, Carpenter SM, Way SS, Fortune SM, Behar SM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells differ in their capacity to recognize infected macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007060. [PMID: 29782535 PMCID: PMC6013218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires T cell recognition of infected macrophages. Mtb has evolved to tolerate, evade, and subvert host immunity. Despite a vigorous and sustained CD8+ T cell response during Mtb infection, CD8+ T cells make limited contribution to protection. Here, we ask whether the ability of Mtb-specific T cells to restrict Mtb growth is related to their capacity to recognize Mtb-infected macrophages. We derived CD8+ T cell lines that recognized the Mtb immunodominant epitope TB10.44-11 and compared them to CD4+ T cell lines that recognized Ag85b240-254 or ESAT63-17. While the CD4+ T cells recognized Mtb-infected macrophages and inhibited Mtb growth in vitro, the TB10.4-specific CD8+ T cells neither recognized Mtb-infected macrophages nor restricted Mtb growth. TB10.4-specific CD8+ T cells recognized macrophages infected with Listeria monocytogenes expressing TB10.4. However, over-expression of TB10.4 in Mtb did not confer recognition by TB10.4-specific CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells recognized macrophages pulsed with irradiated Mtb, indicating that macrophages can efficiently cross-present the TB10.4 protein and raising the possibility that viable bacilli might suppress cross-presentation. Importantly, polyclonal CD8+ T cells specific for Mtb antigens other than TB10.4 recognized Mtb-infected macrophages in a MHC-restricted manner. As TB10.4 elicits a dominant CD8+ T cell response that poorly recognizes Mtb-infected macrophages, we propose that TB10.4 acts as a decoy antigen. Moreover, it appears that this response overshadows subdominant CD8+ T cell response that can recognize Mtb-infected macrophages. The ability of Mtb to subvert the CD8+ T cell response may explain why CD8+ T cells make a disproportionately small contribution to host defense compared to CD4+ T cells. The selection of Mtb antigens for vaccines has focused on antigens that generate immunodominant responses. We propose that establishing whether vaccine-elicited, Mtb-specific T cells recognize Mtb-infected macrophages could be a useful criterion for preclinical vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel Mott
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rujapak Sutiwisesak
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fiona Raso
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Britni Stowell
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Greg Hunter Babunovic
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steve M. Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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34
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Determining T-cell specificity to understand and treat disease. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:784-795. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Perez-Martinez AP, Ong E, Zhang L, Marrs CF, He Y, Yang Z. Conservation in gene encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen Rv2660 and a high predicted population coverage of H56 multistage vaccine in South Africa. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:244-250. [PMID: 28941991 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
H56/AERAS-456+IC31 (H56), composed of two early secretion proteins, Ag85B and ESAT-6, and a latency associated protein, Rv2660, and the IC31 Intercell adjuvant, is a new fusion subunit vaccine candidate designed to induce immunity against both new infection and reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection. Efficacy of subunit vaccines may be affected by the diversity of vaccine antigens among clinical strains and the extent of recognition by the diverse HLA molecules in the recipient population. Although a previous study showed the conservative nature of Ag85B- and ESAT-6-encoding genes, genetic diversity of Rv2660c that encodes RV2660 is largely unknown. The population coverage of H56 as a whole yet remains to be assessed. The present study was conducted to address these important knowledge gaps. DNA sequence analysis of Rv2660c found no variation among 83 of the 84 investigated clinical strains belonging to four genetic lineages. H56 was predicted to have as high as 99.6% population coverage in the South Africa population using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) Population Coverage Tool. Further comparison of H56 population coverage between South African Blacks and Caucasians based on the phenotypic frequencies of binding MHC Class I and Class II supertype alleles found that all of the nine MHC-I and six of eight MHC-II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertype alleles analyzed were significantly differentially expressed between the two subpopulations. This finding suggests the presence of race-specific functional binding motifs of MHC-I and MHC-II HLA alleles, which, in turn, highlights the importance of including diverse populations in vaccine clinical evaluation. In conclusion, H56 vaccine is predicted to have a promising population coverage in South Africa; this study demonstrates the utility of integrating comparative genomics and bioinformatics in bridging animal and clinical studies of novel TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angy P Perez-Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Edison Ong
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Carl F Marrs
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Yongqun He
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States; Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
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36
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Blischak JD, Tailleux L, Myrthil M, Charlois C, Bergot E, Dinh A, Morizot G, Chény O, Platen CV, Herrmann JL, Brosch R, Barreiro LB, Gilad Y. Predicting susceptibility to tuberculosis based on gene expression profiling in dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5702. [PMID: 28720766 PMCID: PMC5516010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease, which kills millions of people every year. The causative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is estimated to have infected up to a third of the world's population; however, only approximately 10% of infected healthy individuals progress to active TB. Despite evidence for heritability, it is not currently possible to predict who may develop TB. To explore approaches to classify susceptibility to TB, we infected with MTB dendritic cells (DCs) from putatively resistant individuals diagnosed with latent TB, and from susceptible individuals that had recovered from active TB. We measured gene expression levels in infected and non-infected cells and found hundreds of differentially expressed genes between susceptible and resistant individuals in the non-infected cells. We further found that genetic polymorphisms nearby the differentially expressed genes between susceptible and resistant individuals are more likely to be associated with TB susceptibility in published GWAS data. Lastly, we trained a classifier based on the gene expression levels in the non-infected cells, and demonstrated reasonable performance on our data and an independent data set. Overall, our promising results from this small study suggest that training a classifier on a larger cohort may enable us to accurately predict TB susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Blischak
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ludovic Tailleux
- Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Marsha Myrthil
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cécile Charlois
- Centre de Lutte Antituberculeuse de Paris, DASES Mairie de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14033, Caen, France
| | - Aurélien Dinh
- Maladies Infectieuses, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, 92380, France
| | - Gloria Morizot
- Clinical Investigation & Access Biological Resources (ICAReB), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Chény
- Clinical Core, Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cassandre Von Platen
- Clinical Core, Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- INSERM, U1173, UFR Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France
- APHP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris Île-de-France Ouest, Garches et Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Abstract
Despite widespread use of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, tuberculosis, caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As CD8+ T cells are critical to tuberculosis host defense and a phase 2b vaccine trial of modified vaccinia Ankara expressing Ag85a that failed to demonstrate efficacy, also failed to induce a CD8+ T cell response, an effective tuberculosis vaccine may need to induce CD8+ T cells. However, little is known about CD8, as compared to CD4, antigens in tuberculosis. Herein, we report the results of the first ever HLA allele independent genome-wide CD8 antigen discovery program. Using CD8+ T cells derived from humans with latent tuberculosis infection or tuberculosis and an interferon-γ ELISPOT assay, we screened a synthetic peptide library representing 10% of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome, selected to be enriched for Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. We defined a set of immunodominant CD8 antigens including part or all of 74 Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins, only 16 of which are previously known CD8 antigens. Immunogenicity was associated with the degree of expression of mRNA and protein. Immunodominant antigens were enriched in cell wall proteins with preferential recognition of Esx protein family members, and within proteins comprising the Mycobacterium tuberculosis secretome. A validation study of immunodominant antigens demonstrated that these antigens were strongly recognized in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected individuals from a tuberculosis endemic region in Africa. The tuberculosis vaccine field will likely benefit from this greatly increased known repertoire of CD8 immunodominant antigens and definition of properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins important for CD8 antigenicity. Specific bacterial proteins have been found that drive effective immune responses to tuberculosis, with use in making more effective vaccines. Immunity to tuberculosis (TB) is facilitated by two types of white blood cell; however, most research has focused on one: the CD4+ T cell. Deborah A. Lewinsohn and David Lewinsohn, of the Oregon Health & Science University, USA, and collaborators lay out the essential functions of the oft-neglected CD8+ T cell, and undertook a broad approach to catalogue and define the bacterial proteins that activate the CD8+ T cell response. The team found that TB-infected humans reacted strongly to their protein library, and described several characteristics of CD8+ T cell ‘antigens’ (activators of immune cells) that will likely prove highly useful in the design of more protective TB vaccines.
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38
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Roperto S, Varano M, Russo V, Lucà R, Cagiola M, Gaspari M, Ceccarelli DM, Cuda G, Roperto F. Proteomic analysis of protein purified derivative of Mycobacterium bovis. J Transl Med 2017; 15:68. [PMID: 28372590 PMCID: PMC5376687 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculin skin test based on in vivo intradermal inoculation of purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium bovis (bPPD) is the diagnostic test for the control and surveillance of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Methods Proteomic analysis was performed on different bPPD preparations from M. bovis, strain AN5. Proteins were precipitated from bPPD solutions by TCA precipitation. The proteome of bPPD preparations was investigated by bottom-up proteomics, which consisted in protein digestion and nano-LC–MS/MS analysis. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed on a Q-exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled online to an Easy nano-LC1000 system. Results Three hundred and fifty-six proteins were identified and quantified by at least 2 peptides (99% confidence per peptide). One hundred and ninety-eight proteins, which had not been previously described, were detected; furthermore, the proteomic profile shared 80 proteins with previous proteomes from bPPDs from the United Kingdom and Brazil and 139 protein components from bPPD from Korea. Locus name of M. bovis (Mb) with orthologs from M. tuberculosis H37Rv, comparative gene and protein length, molecular mass, functional categories, gene name and function of each protein were reported. Ninety-two T cell mycobacterial antigens responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity were detected, fifty-two of which were not previously reported in any bPPD proteome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005920. Conclusions This study represents the highest proteome coverage of bPPD preparations to date. Since proteins perform cellular functions essential to health and/or disease, obtaining knowledge of their presence and variance is of great importance in understanding disease states and for advancing translational studies. Therefore, to better understand Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex biology during infection, survival, and persistence, the reproducible evaluation of the proteins that catalyze and control these processes is critically important. More active and more specific tuberculins would be desirable. Indeed, many antigens contained within bPPD are currently responsible for the cross-reactivity resulting in false-positive results as they are shared between non-tuberculous and tuberculous mycobacteria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1172-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariaconcetta Varano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucà
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Cagiola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dora Maria Ceccarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Identification of Mycobacterial RplJ/L10 and RpsA/S1 Proteins as Novel Targets for CD4 + T Cells. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01023-16. [PMID: 28115505 PMCID: PMC5364311 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01023-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major global infectious disease problem, and a more efficacious vaccine is urgently needed for the control and prevention of disease caused by this organism. We previously reported that a genetically modified strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis called IKEPLUS is a promising TB vaccine candidate. Since protective immunity induced by IKEPLUS is dependent on antigen-specific CD4+ T cell memory, we hypothesized that the specificity of the CD4+ T cell response was a critical feature of this protection. Using in vitro assays of interferon gamma production (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot [ELISPOT] assays) by splenocytes from IKEPLUS-immunized C57BL/6J mice, we identified an immunogenic peptide within the mycobacterial ribosomal large subunit protein RplJ, encoded by the Rv0651 gene. In a complementary approach, we generated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted T cell hybridomas from IKEPLUS-immunized mice. Screening of these T cell hybridomas against IKEPLUS and ribosomes enriched from IKEPLUS suggested that the CD4+ T cell response in IKEPLUS-immunized mice was dominated by the recognition of multiple components of the mycobacterial ribosome. Importantly, CD4+ T cells specific for mycobacterial ribosomes accumulate to significant levels in the lungs of IKEPLUS-immunized mice following aerosol challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis, consistent with a role for these T cells in protective host immunity in TB. The identification of CD4+ T cell responses to defined ribosomal protein epitopes expands the range of antigenic targets for adaptive immune responses to M. tuberculosis and may help to inform the design of more effective vaccines against tuberculosis.
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40
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Meng L, Tong J, Wang H, Tao C, Wang Q, Niu C, Zhang X, Gao Q. PPE38 Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibits Macrophage MHC Class I Expression and Dampens CD8 + T Cell Responses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:68. [PMID: 28348981 PMCID: PMC5346565 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of CD8+ T cell activation is a critical mechanism used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to escape protective host immune responses. PPE38 belongs to the unique PPE family of MTB and in our previous study, PPE38 protein was speculated to participate in manipulating macrophage MHC class I pathway. To test this hypothesis, the function of mycobacterial PPE38 protein was assessed here using macrophage and mouse infection models. Decreased amount of MHC class I was observed on the surface of macrophages infected with PPE38-expressing mycobacteria. The transcript of genes encoding MHC class I was also inhibited by PPE38. After infection of C57BL/6 mice with Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing PPE38 (Msmeg-PPE38), decreased number of CD8+ T cells was found in spleen, liver, and lungs through immunohistochemical analysis, comparing to the control strain harboring empty vector (Msmeg-V). Consistently, flow cytometry assay showed that fewer effector/memory CD8+ T cells (CD44highCD62Llow) were activated in spleen from Msmeg-PPE38 infected mice. Moreover, Msmeg-PPE38 confers a growth advantage over Msmeg-V in C57BL/6 mice, indicating an effect of PPE38 to favor mycobacterial persistence in vivo. Overall, this study shows a unique biological function of PPE38 protein to facilitate mycobacteria to escape host immunity, and provides hints for TB vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Meng
- Key laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfeng Tong
- Key laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen UniversityGuangdong, China
| | - Chengwu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglan Wang
- Key laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Key laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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A Multi-Compartment Hybrid Computational Model Predicts Key Roles for Dendritic Cells in Tuberculosis Infection. COMPUTATION 2016; 4. [PMID: 28989808 PMCID: PMC5627612 DOI: 10.3390/computation4040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a world-wide health problem with approximately 2 billion people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb, the causative bacterium of TB). The pathologic hallmark of Mtb infection in humans and Non-Human Primates (NHPs) is the formation of spherical structures, primarily in lungs, called granulomas. Infection occurs after inhalation of bacteria into lungs, where resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs), take up bacteria and initiate the immune response to Mtb infection. APCs traffic from the site of infection (lung) to lung-draining lymph nodes (LNs) where they prime T cells to recognize Mtb. These T cells, circulating back through blood, migrate back to lungs to perform their immune effector functions. We have previously developed a hybrid agent-based model (ABM, labeled GranSim) describing in silico immune cell, bacterial (Mtb) and molecular behaviors during tuberculosis infection and recently linked that model to operate across three physiological compartments: lung (infection site where granulomas form), lung draining lymph node (LN, site of generation of adaptive immunity) and blood (a measurable compartment). Granuloma formation and function is captured by a spatio-temporal model (i.e., ABM), while LN and blood compartments represent temporal dynamics of the whole body in response to infection and are captured with ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In order to have a more mechanistic representation of APC trafficking from the lung to the lymph node, and to better capture antigen presentation in a draining LN, this current study incorporates the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in a computational fashion into GranSim.
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Jeyanathan M, Damjanovic D, Yao Y, Bramson J, Smaill F, Xing Z. Induction of an Immune-Protective T-Cell Repertoire With Diverse Genetic Coverage by a Novel Viral-Vectored Tuberculosis Vaccine in Humans. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1996-2005. [PMID: 27703038 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether a candidate tuberculosis vaccine induces clinically relevant protective T-cell repertoires in humans will not be known until the completion of costly efficacy clinical trials. METHODS We have developed an integrated immunologic approach to investigate the clinical relevance of T cells induced by a novel tuberculosis vaccine in a phase 1 trial. This approach consists of screening for likely dominant T-cell epitopes, establishing antigen-specific memory T-cell lines for identifying CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell epitopes, determining the ability of vaccine-induced T cells to inhibit mycobacterial growth in infected cells, and examining the genetic diversity of HLA recognition and the clinical relevance of identified T-cell epitopes. RESULTS A single-dose immunization in BCG-primed adults with an adenovirus-based tuberculosis vaccine elicits a repertoire of memory T cells capable of recognizing multiple Ag85A epitopes. These T cells are polyfunctional and cytotoxic and can inhibit mycobacterial growth in infected target cells. Some identified T-cell epitopes are promiscuous and recognizable by the common HLA alleles. These epitopes are clinically relevant to the epitopes identified in people with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and treated patients with tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS These data support further clinical development of this candidate vaccine. Our approach helps fill the gap in clinical tuberculosis vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniela Damjanovic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yushi Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jonathan Bramson
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fiona Smaill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Wu M, Li M, Yue Y, Xu W. DNA vaccine with discontinuous T-cell epitope insertions into HSP65 scaffold as a potential means to improve immunogenicity of multi-epitope Mycobacterium tuberculosis
vaccine. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60:634-45. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Wu
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences; Soochow University; Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences; Soochow University; Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yan Yue
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences; Soochow University; Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences; Soochow University; Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
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44
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Do HLA class II genes protect against pulmonary tuberculosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1567-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are pivotal in regulating gene expression during cellular response to extracellular stimuli. Bacterial infections have a profound effect on the host epigenome, which triggers susceptibility to diseases. Recent studies suggest that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can alter the host epigenome to modulate the transcriptional machinery and plays a major role in immunomodulation of the host immune response. However, the mechanism of epigenetic alterations during Mtb infection has not yet been fully understood. Thus, Mtb-induced epigenetic changes may affect the host cell by either activation or suppression of key immune genes involved in immune response or pathogen persistence. In this review, we discuss the principles of epigenetics, recent advances in Mtb-induced alterations in the host epigenetic landscape and their role in the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthai Kathirvel
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry-605 006, India
| | - Subramanian Mahadevan
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry-605 006, India
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Sveinbjornsson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Halldorsson BV, Kristinsson KG, Gottfredsson M, Barrett JC, Gudmundsson LJ, Blondal K, Gylfason A, Gudjonsson SA, Helgadottir HT, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Karason A, Kardum LB, Knežević J, Kristjansson H, Kristjansson M, Love A, Luo Y, Magnusson OT, Sulem P, Kong A, Masson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Dembic Z, Nejentsev S, Blondal T, Jonsdottir I, Stefansson K. HLA class II sequence variants influence tuberculosis risk in populations of European ancestry. Nat Genet 2016; 48:318-22. [PMID: 26829749 PMCID: PMC5081101 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections cause 9 million new tuberculosis cases and 1.5 million deaths annually. To identify variants conferring risk of tuberculosis, we tested 28.3 million variants identified through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders for association with tuberculosis (8,162 cases and 277,643 controls), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and M. tuberculosis infection. We found association of three variants in the region harboring genes encoding the class II human leukocyte antigens (HLAs): rs557011[T] (minor allele frequency (MAF) = 40.2%), associated with M. tuberculosis infection (odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, P = 3.1 × 10(-13)) and PTB (OR = 1.25, P = 5.8 × 10(-12)), and rs9271378[G] (MAF = 32.5%), associated with PTB (OR = 0.78, P = 2.5 × 10(-12))--both located between HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB1--and a missense variant encoding p.Ala210Thr in HLA-DQA1 (MAF = 19.1%, rs9272785), associated with M. tuberculosis infection (P = 9.3 × 10(-9), OR = 1.14). We replicated association of these variants with PTB in samples of European ancestry from Russia and Croatia (P < 5.9 × 10(-4)). These findings show that the HLA class II region contributes to genetic risk of tuberculosis, possibly through reduced presentation of protective M. tuberculosis antigens to T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gardar Sveinbjornsson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F. Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V. Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Karl G. Kristinsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Gottfredsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jeffrey C. Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Kai Blondal
- Division of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ari Karason
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ljiljana Bulat Kardum
- Department of Pulmology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helgi Kristjansson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mar Kristjansson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arthur Love
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Virology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yang Luo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Zlatko Dembic
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergey Nejentsev
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsteinn Blondal
- Division of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Karp CL, Wilson CB, Stuart LM. Tuberculosis vaccines: barriers and prospects on the quest for a transformative tool. Immunol Rev 2015; 264:363-81. [PMID: 25703572 PMCID: PMC4368410 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The road to a more efficacious vaccine that could be a truly transformative tool for decreasing tuberculosis morbidity and mortality, along with Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, is quite daunting. Despite this, there are reasons for optimism. Abetted by better conceptual clarity, clear acknowledgment of the degree of our current immunobiological ignorance, the availability of powerful new tools for dissecting the immunopathogenesis of human tuberculosis, the generation of more creative diversity in tuberculosis vaccine concepts, the development of better fit-for-purpose animal models, and the potential of more pragmatic approaches to the clinical testing of vaccine candidates, the field has promise for delivering novel tools for dealing with this worldwide scourge of poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Karp
- Discovery and Translational Sciences, Global Health, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
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48
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Mothé BR, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Dow C, Dillon MBC, Wiseman RW, Bohn P, Karl J, Golden NA, Gilpin T, Foreman TW, Rodgers MA, Mehra S, Scriba TJ, Flynn JL, Kaushal D, O'Connor DH, Sette A. The TB-specific CD4(+) T cell immune repertoire in both cynomolgus and rhesus macaques largely overlap with humans. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:722-735. [PMID: 26526557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-human primate (NHP) models of tuberculosis (TB) immunity and pathogenesis, especially rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, are particularly attractive because of the high similarity of the human and macaque immune systems. However, little is known about the MHC class II epitopes recognized in macaques, thus hindering the establishment of immune correlates of immunopathology and protective vaccination. We characterized immune responses in rhesus macaques vaccinated against and/or infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to a panel of antigens currently in human vaccine trials. We defined 54 new immunodominant CD4(+) T cell epitopes, and noted that antigens immunodominant in humans are also immunodominant in rhesus macaques, including Rv3875 (ESAT-6) and Rv3874 (CFP10). Pedigree and inferred restriction analysis demonstrated that this phenomenon was not due to common ancestry or inbreeding, but rather presentation by common alleles, as well as, promiscuous binding. Experiments using a second cohort of rhesus macaques demonstrated that a pool of epitopes defined in the previous experiments can be used to detect T cell responses in over 75% of individual monkeys. Additionally, 100% of cynomolgus macaques, irrespective of their latent or active TB status, responded to rhesus and human defined epitope pools. Thus, these findings reveal an unexpected general repertoire overlap between MHC class II epitopes recognized in both species of macaques and in humans, showing that epitope pools defined in humans can also be used to characterize macaque responses, despite differences in species and antigen exposure. The results have general implications for the evaluation of new vaccines and diagnostics in NHPs, and immediate applicability in the setting of macaque models of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca R Mothé
- Department of Biology, CSUSM, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA; La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | - Courtney Dow
- Department of Biology, CSUSM, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Myles B C Dillon
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Patrick Bohn
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Julie Karl
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nadia A Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Trey Gilpin
- Department of Biology, CSUSM, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Taylor W Foreman
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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49
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Carpenter C, Sidney J, Kolla R, Nayak K, Tomiyama H, Tomiyama C, Padilla OA, Rozot V, Ahamed SF, Ponte C, Rolla V, Antas PR, Chandele A, Kenneth J, Laxmi S, Makgotlho E, Vanini V, Ippolito G, Kazanova AS, Panteleev AV, Hanekom W, Mayanja-Kizza H, Lewinsohn D, Saito M, McElrath MJ, Boom WH, Goletti D, Gilman R, Lyadova IV, Scriba TJ, Kallas EG, Murali-Krishna K, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. A side-by-side comparison of T cell reactivity to fifty-nine Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in diverse populations from five continents. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:713-721. [PMID: 26277695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared T cell recognition of 59 prevalently recognized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens in individuals latently infected with MTB (LTBI), and uninfected individuals with previous BCG vaccination, from nine locations and populations with different HLA distribution, MTB exposure rates, and standards of TB care. This comparison revealed similar response magnitudes in diverse LTBI and BCG-vaccinated cohorts and significant correlation between responses in LTBIs from the USA and other locations. Many antigens were uniformly recognized, suggesting suitability for inclusion in vaccines targeting diverse populations. Several antigens were similarly immunodominant in LTBI and BCG cohorts, suggesting applicability for vaccines aimed at boosting BCG responses. The panel of MTB antigens will be valuable for characterizing MTB-specific CD4 T cell responses irrespective of ethnicity, infecting MTB strains and BCG vaccination status. Our results illustrate how a comparative analysis can provide insight into the relative immunogenicity of existing and novel vaccine candidates in LTBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Carpenter
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Ravi Kolla
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Helena Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar A Padilla
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Virginie Rozot
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Syed F Ahamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Koramangala 2 Block, Bangaluru, Karnataka, 560034, India
| | - Carlos Ponte
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Rolla
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Antas
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - John Kenneth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Koramangala 2 Block, Bangaluru, Karnataka, 560034, India
| | - Seetha Laxmi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangaluru, 560034, India
| | - Edward Makgotlho
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandra S Kazanova
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Central Tuberculosis Research Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Panteleev
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Central Tuberculosis Research Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Willem Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Mayuko Saito
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, USA; Universidad Peruana Caytano Hereida, Lima, Peru; Department of Virology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98109, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, 44106, USA
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Gilman
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, USA; Universidad Peruana Caytano Hereida, Lima, Peru
| | - Irina V Lyadova
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Central Tuberculosis Research Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Emory Vaccine Center, 1501 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA.
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50
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Kaufmann SHE. Aeras-sponsored meeting reports: Aerosol TB vaccines, whole mycobacteria cell TB vaccines, and prevention of sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Vaccine 2015; 33:3035-7. [PMID: 25863114 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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