1
|
Reddy Palicharla V, Mukhopadhyay S. Molecular and structural perspectives on protein trafficking to the primary cilium membrane. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20231403. [PMID: 38864436 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a dynamic subcellular compartment templated from the mother centriole or basal body. Cilia are solitary and tiny, but remarkably consequential in cellular pathways regulating proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance. Multiple transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors, channels, enzymes, and membrane-associated lipidated proteins are enriched in the ciliary membrane. The precise regulation of ciliary membrane content is essential for effective signal transduction and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Surprisingly, a few conserved molecular factors, intraflagellar transport complex A and the tubby falgellar adapter protein TULP3-mediate the, transport of most membrane cargoes into cilia. Recent advances in cryogenic electron microscopy provide fundamental insights into these molecular players. Here, we review the molecular players mediating cargo delivery into the ciliary membrane through the lens of structural biology. These mechanistic insights into ciliary transport provide a framework for understanding of disease variants in ciliopathies, enable precise manipulation of cilia-mediated pathways, and provide a platform for the development of targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Reddy Palicharla
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, U.S.A
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma R, Chen L, Hu N, Caplan S, Hu G. Cilia and Extracellular Vesicles in Brain Development and Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:1020-1029. [PMID: 37956781 PMCID: PMC11087377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary and motile cilia are thin, hair-like cellular projections from the cell surface involved in movement, sensing, and communication between cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells and contain various proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that are delivered to and influence the behavior of other cells. Both cilia and EVs are essential for the normal functioning of brain cells, and their malfunction can lead to several neurological diseases. Cilia and EVs can interact with each other in several ways, and this interplay plays a crucial role in facilitating various biological processes, including cell-to-cell communication, tissue homeostasis, and pathogen defense. Cilia and EV crosstalk in the brain is an emerging area of research. Herein, we summarize the detailed molecular mechanisms of cilia and EV interplay and address the ciliary molecules that are involved in signaling and cellular dysfunction in brain development and diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical use of cilia and EVs in brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ningyun Hu
- Millard West High School, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Houston BJ, Merriner DJ, Stathatos GG, Nguyen JH, O'Connor AE, Lopes AM, Conrad DF, Baker M, Dunleavy JE, O'Bryan MK. Genetic mutation of Cep76 results in male infertility due to abnormal sperm tail composition. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302452. [PMID: 38570187 PMCID: PMC10992998 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition zone is a specialised gate at the base of cilia/flagella, which separates the ciliary compartment from the cytoplasm and strictly regulates protein entry. We identified a potential new regulator of the male germ cell transition zone, CEP76. We demonstrated that CEP76 was involved in the selective entry and incorporation of key proteins required for sperm function and fertility into the ciliary compartment and ultimately the sperm tail. In the mutant, sperm tails were shorter and immotile as a consequence of deficits in essential sperm motility proteins including DNAH2 and AKAP4, which accumulated at the sperm neck in the mutant. Severe annulus, fibrous sheath, and outer dense fibre abnormalities were also detected in sperm lacking CEP76. Finally, we identified that CEP76 dictates annulus positioning and structure. This study suggests CEP76 as a male germ cell transition zone protein and adds further evidence to the hypothesis that the spermatid transition zone and annulus are part of the same functional structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Houston
- https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - D Jo Merriner
- https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - G Gemma Stathatos
- https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joseph H Nguyen
- https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anne E O'Connor
- https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Donald F Conrad
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Mark Baker
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jessica Em Dunleavy
- https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mercey O, Mukherjee S, Guichard P, Hamel V. The molecular architecture of the ciliary transition zones. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102361. [PMID: 38648677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are specialized eukaryotic organelles projecting from the surface of eukaryotic cells that play a central role in various physiological processes, including cell motility, sensory perception, and signal transduction. At the base of these structures lies the ciliary transition zone, a pivotal region that functions as a gatekeeper and communication hub for ciliary activities. Despite its crucial role, the intricacies of its architecture remain poorly understood, especially given the variations in its organization across different cell types and species. In this review, we explore the molecular architecture of the ciliary transition zone, with a particular focus on recent findings obtained using cryotomography and super-resolution imaging techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mercey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Souradip Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tingey M, Ruba A, Jiang Z, Yang W. Deciphering vesicle-assisted transport mechanisms in cytoplasm to cilium trafficking. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1379976. [PMID: 38860265 PMCID: PMC11163138 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1379976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The cilium, a pivotal organelle crucial for cell signaling and proper cell function, relies on meticulous macromolecular transport from the cytoplasm for its formation and maintenance. While the intraflagellar transport (IFT) pathway has traditionally been the focus of extensive study concerning ciliogenesis and ciliary maintenance, recent research highlights a complementary and alternative mechanism-vesicle-assisted transport (VAT) in cytoplasm to cilium trafficking. Despite its potential significance, the VAT pathway remains largely uncharacterized. This review explores recent studies providing evidence for the dynamics of vesicle-related diffusion and transport within the live primary cilium, employing high-speed super-resolution light microscopy. Additionally, we analyze the spatial distribution of vesicles in the cilium, mainly relying on electron microscopy data. By scrutinizing the VAT pathways that facilitate cargo transport into the cilium, with a specific emphasis on recent advancements and imaging data, our objective is to synthesize a comprehensive model of ciliary transport through the integration of IFT-VAT mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Zhao H, Li S, Jiao Z. Midbody remnant regulates the formation of primary cilia and their roles in tumor growth. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 53:261-268. [PMID: 38413234 PMCID: PMC11057987 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the formation of the primary cilium is associated with a specific cellular organelle known as the midbody remnant (MBR), which is a point-like organelle formed by shedding of the midbody at the end of mitosis. MBRs move along the cell surface close to the center body and regulate it to form primary cilia at the top of the centriole. Primary cilia can act as an organelle to inhibit tumorigenesis, and it is lost in a variety of tumors. Studies have shown that the accumulation of MBRs in tumor cells affects ciliogenesis; in addition, both MBRs and primary cilia are degraded in tumor cells through the autophagy pathway, and MBRs can also transfer tumor signaling pathway factors to primary cilia affecting tumorigenesis. In this article, the basic structure and the formation process of MBR and primary cilia are reviewed and the mechanism of MBRs regulating ciliogenesis is elaborated. The significance of MBR-mediated ciliogenesis in tumorigenesis and its potential as a target for cancer treatment are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Huiming Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Subing Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zuoyi Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitra A, Loseva E, Peterman EJG. IFT cargo and motors associate sequentially with IFT trains to enter cilia of C. elegans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3456. [PMID: 38658528 PMCID: PMC11043347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) orchestrates entry of proteins into primary cilia. At the ciliary base, assembled IFT trains, driven by kinesin-2 motors, can transport cargo proteins into the cilium, across the crowded transition zone. How trains assemble at the base and how proteins associate with them is far from understood. Here, we use single-molecule imaging in the cilia of C. elegans chemosensory neurons to directly visualize the entry of kinesin-2 motors, kinesin-II and OSM-3, as well as anterograde cargo proteins, IFT dynein and tubulin. Single-particle tracking shows that IFT components associate with trains sequentially, both in time and space. Super-resolution maps of IFT components in wild-type and mutant worms reveal ciliary ultrastructure and show that kinesin-II is essential for axonemal organization. Finally, imaging cilia lacking kinesin-II and/or transition zone function uncovers the interplay of kinesin-II and OSM-3 in driving efficient transport of IFT trains across the transition zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Mitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elizaveta Loseva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin J G Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen H, Wu Z, Yan Z, Chen C, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Gao Y, Ling K, Hu J, Wei Q. The ARPKD Protein DZIP1L Regulates Ciliary Protein Entry by Modulating the Architecture and Function of Ciliary Transition Fibers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308820. [PMID: 38634253 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Serving as the cell's sensory antennae, primary cilia are linked to numerous human genetic diseases when they malfunction. DZIP1L, identified as one of the genetic causes of human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), is an evolutionarily conserved ciliary basal body protein. Although it has been reported that DZIP1L is involved in the ciliary entry of PKD proteins, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, an uncharacterized role of DZIP1L is reported in modulating the architecture and function of transition fibers (TFs), striking ciliary base structures essential for selective cilia gating. Using C. elegans as a model, C01G5.7 (hereafter termed DZIP-1) is identified as the sole homolog of DZIP1L, which specifically localizes to TFs. While DZIP-1 or ANKR-26 (the ortholog of ANKRD26) deficiency shows subtle impact on TFs, co-depletion of DZIP-1 and ANKR-26 disrupts TF assembly and cilia gating for soluble and membrane proteins, including the ortholog of ADPKD protein polycystin-2. Notably, the synergistic role for DZIP1L and ANKRD26 in the formation and function of TFs is highly conserved in mammalian cilia. Hence, the findings illuminate an evolutionarily conserved role of DZIP1L in TFs architecture and function, highlighting TFs as a vital part of the ciliary gate implicated in ciliopathies ARPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huicheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhimao Wu
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziwei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 430000, China
| | - Yuqing Gao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kun Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Qing Wei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Synthetic Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weijman JF, Vuolo L, Shak C, Pugnetti A, Mukhopadhyay AG, Hodgson LR, Heesom KJ, Roberts AJ, Stephens DJ. Roles for CEP170 in cilia function and dynein-2 assembly. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261816. [PMID: 38533689 PMCID: PMC11112123 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are essential eukaryotic organelles required for signalling and secretion. Dynein-2 is a microtubule-motor protein complex and is required for ciliogenesis via its role in facilitating retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) from the cilia tip to the cell body. Dynein-2 must be assembled and loaded onto IFT trains for entry into cilia for this process to occur, but how dynein-2 is assembled and how it is recycled back into a cilium remain poorly understood. Here, we identify centrosomal protein of 170 kDa (CEP170) as a dynein-2-interacting protein in mammalian cells. We show that loss of CEP170 perturbs intraflagellar transport and hedgehog signalling, and alters the stability of dynein-2 holoenzyme complex. Together, our data indicate a role for CEP170 in supporting cilia function and dynein-2 assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. Weijman
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Laura Vuolo
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Caroline Shak
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anna Pugnetti
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Lorna R. Hodgson
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kate J. Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anthony J. Roberts
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - David J. Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Strobel M, Qiu L, Hofer A, Chen X. Temporal Ablation of Primary Cilia Impairs Brainwave Patterns Implicated in Memory Formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587983. [PMID: 38617207 PMCID: PMC11014598 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like organelle that hosts molecular machinery for various developmental and homeostatic signaling pathways. Its alteration can cause severe ciliopathies such as the Bardet-Biedl and Joubert syndromes, but is also linked to Alzheimer's disease, clinical depression, and autism spectrum disorder. These afflictions are caused by disturbances in a variety of genes but a common phenotype amongst them is cognitive impairment. Cilia-mediated neural function has generally been examined in relation to these diseases or other developmental defects, but the role of cilia in brain function and memory consolidation is unknown. To elucidate the role of cilia in neural activity and cognitive function, we temporally ablated primary cilia in adult mice before performing electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) recordings. We found that cilia deficient mice had altered sleep architecture, reduced EEG power, and attenuated phase-amplitude coupling, a process that underlies memory consolidation. These results highlight the growing significance of cilia, demonstrating that they are not only necessary in early neurodevelopment, but also regulate advanced neural functions in the adult brain.
Collapse
|
11
|
Brinzer RA, Winter AD, Page AP. The relationship between intraflagellar transport and upstream protein trafficking pathways and macrocyclic lactone resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae009. [PMID: 38227795 PMCID: PMC10917524 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes are globally important and place a heavy disease burden on infected humans, crops, and livestock, while commonly administered anthelmintics used for treatment are being rendered ineffective by increasing levels of resistance. It has recently been shown in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that the sensory cilia of the amphid neurons play an important role in resistance toward macrocyclic lactones such as ivermectin (an avermectin) and moxidectin (a milbemycin) either through reduced uptake or intertissue signaling pathways. This study interrogated the extent to which ciliary defects relate to macrocyclic lactone resistance and dye-filling defects using a combination of forward genetics and targeted resistance screening approaches and confirmed the importance of intraflagellar transport in this process. This approach also identified the protein trafficking pathways used by the downstream effectors and the components of the ciliary basal body that are required for effector entry into these nonmotile structures. In total, 24 novel C. elegans anthelmintic survival-associated genes were identified in this study. When combined with previously known resistance genes, there are now 46 resistance-associated genes that are directly involved in amphid, cilia, and intraflagellar transport function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Brinzer
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alan D Winter
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, UK
| | - Antony P Page
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu Z, Chen H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Augière C, Hou Y, Fu Y, Peng Y, Durand B, Wei Q. Cep131-Cep162 and Cby-Fam92 complexes cooperatively maintain Cep290 at the basal body and contribute to ciliogenesis initiation. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002330. [PMID: 38442096 PMCID: PMC10914257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cilia play critical roles in cell signal transduction and organ development. Defects in cilia function result in a variety of genetic disorders. Cep290 is an evolutionarily conserved ciliopathy protein that bridges the ciliary membrane and axoneme at the basal body (BB) and plays critical roles in the initiation of ciliogenesis and TZ assembly. How Cep290 is maintained at BB and whether axonemal and ciliary membrane localized cues converge to determine the localization of Cep290 remain unknown. Here, we report that the Cep131-Cep162 module near the axoneme and the Cby-Fam92 module close to the membrane synergistically control the BB localization of Cep290 and the subsequent initiation of ciliogenesis in Drosophila. Concurrent deletion of any protein of the Cep131-Cep162 module and of the Cby-Fam92 module leads to a complete loss of Cep290 from BB and blocks ciliogenesis at its initiation stage. Our results reveal that the first step of ciliogenesis strictly depends on cooperative and retroactive interactions between Cep131-Cep162, Cby-Fam92 and Cep290, which may contribute to the complex pathogenesis of Cep290-related ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimao Wu
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Huicheng Chen
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Céline Augière
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MeLiS—UCBL—CNRS UMR 5284—INSERM U1314, Lyon, France
| | - Yanan Hou
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuejun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Institute of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bénédicte Durand
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MeLiS—UCBL—CNRS UMR 5284—INSERM U1314, Lyon, France
| | - Qing Wei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
- School of Synthetic Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rao L, Gennerich A. Structure and Function of Dynein's Non-Catalytic Subunits. Cells 2024; 13:330. [PMID: 38391943 PMCID: PMC10886578 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynein, an ancient microtubule-based motor protein, performs diverse cellular functions in nearly all eukaryotic cells, with the exception of land plants. It has evolved into three subfamilies-cytoplasmic dynein-1, cytoplasmic dynein-2, and axonemal dyneins-each differentiated by their cellular functions. These megadalton complexes consist of multiple subunits, with the heavy chain being the largest subunit that generates motion and force along microtubules by converting the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work. Beyond this catalytic core, the functionality of dynein is significantly enhanced by numerous non-catalytic subunits. These subunits are integral to the complex, contributing to its stability, regulating its enzymatic activities, targeting it to specific cellular locations, and mediating its interactions with other cofactors. The diversity of non-catalytic subunits expands dynein's cellular roles, enabling it to perform critical tasks despite the conservation of its heavy chains. In this review, we discuss recent findings and insights regarding these non-catalytic subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moran AL, Louzao-Martinez L, Norris DP, Peters DJM, Blacque OE. Transport and barrier mechanisms that regulate ciliary compartmentalization and ciliopathies. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:83-100. [PMID: 37872350 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia act as cell surface antennae, coordinating cellular responses to sensory inputs and signalling molecules that regulate developmental and homeostatic pathways. Cilia are therefore critical to physiological processes, and defects in ciliary components are associated with a large group of inherited pleiotropic disorders - known collectively as ciliopathies - that have a broad spectrum of phenotypes and affect many or most tissues, including the kidney. A central feature of the cilium is its compartmentalized structure, which imparts its unique molecular composition and signalling environment despite its membrane and cytosol being contiguous with those of the cell. Such compartmentalization is achieved via active transport pathways that bring protein cargoes to and from the cilium, as well as gating pathways at the ciliary base that establish diffusion barriers to protein exchange into and out of the organelle. Many ciliopathy-linked proteins, including those involved in kidney development and homeostasis, are components of the compartmentalizing machinery. New insights into the major compartmentalizing pathways at the cilium, namely, ciliary gating, intraflagellar transport, lipidated protein flagellar transport and ciliary extracellular vesicle release pathways, have improved our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin ciliary disease and associated renal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailis L Moran
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Louzao-Martinez
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Oliver E Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhat S, Dietz A, Senf K, Nietzsche S, Hirabayashi Y, Westermann M, Neuhaus EM. GPRC5C regulates the composition of cilia in the olfactory system. BMC Biol 2023; 21:292. [PMID: 38110903 PMCID: PMC10729543 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory sensory neurons detect odourants via multiple long cilia that protrude from their dendritic endings. The G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5C was identified as part of the olfactory ciliary membrane proteome, but its function and localization is unknown. RESULTS High-resolution confocal and electron microscopy revealed that GPRC5C is located at the base of sensory cilia in olfactory neurons, but not in primary cilia of immature neurons or stem cells. Additionally, GPRC5C localization in sensory cilia parallels cilia formation and follows the formation of the basal body. In closer examination, GPRC5C was found in the ciliary transition zone. GPRC5C deficiency altered the structure of sensory cilia and increased ciliary layer thickness. However, primary cilia were unaffected. Olfactory sensory neurons from Gprc5c-deficient mice exhibited altered localization of olfactory signalling cascade proteins, and of ciliary phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphat. Sensory neurons also exhibited increased neuronal activity as well as altered mitochondrial morphology, and knockout mice had an improved ability to detect food pellets based on smell. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that GPRC5C regulates olfactory cilia composition and length, thereby controlling odour perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Bhat
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - André Dietz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Senf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Martin Westermann
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Neuhaus
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu J, Xie H, Wu M, Hu Y, Kang Y. The role of cilia during organogenesis in zebrafish. Open Biol 2023; 13:230228. [PMID: 38086423 PMCID: PMC10715920 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of eukaryotic cells and are present on the surface of nearly all human cells. Cilia play a crucial role in signal transduction, organ development and tissue homeostasis. Abnormalities in the structure and function of cilia can lead to a group of human diseases known as ciliopathies. Currently, zebrafish serves as an ideal model for studying ciliary function and ciliopathies due to its relatively conserved structure and function of cilia compared to humans. In this review, we will summarize the different types of cilia that present in embryonic and adult zebrafish, and provide an overview of the advantages of using zebrafish as a vertebrate model for cilia research. We will specifically focus on the roles of cilia during zebrafish organogenesis based on recent studies. Additionally, we will highlight future prospects for ciliary research in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xie
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsi Kang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wesselman HM, Arceri L, Nguyen TK, Lara CM, Wingert RA. Genetic mechanisms of multiciliated cell development: from fate choice to differentiation in zebrafish and other models. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 37997009 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCS) form bundles of cilia and their activities are essential for the proper development and physiology of many organ systems. Not surprisingly, defects in MCCs have profound consequences and are associated with numerous disease states. Here, we discuss the current understanding of MCC formation, with a special focus on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of MCC fate choice and differentiation. Furthermore, we cast a spotlight on the use of zebrafish to study MCC ontogeny and several recent advances made in understanding MCCs using this vertebrate model to delineate mechanisms of MCC emergence in the developing kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana Arceri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Thanh Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Lara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gopalakrishnan J, Feistel K, Friedrich BM, Grapin‐Botton A, Jurisch‐Yaksi N, Mass E, Mick DU, Müller R, May‐Simera H, Schermer B, Schmidts M, Walentek P, Wachten D. Emerging principles of primary cilia dynamics in controlling tissue organization and function. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113891. [PMID: 37743763 PMCID: PMC10620770 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia project from the surface of most vertebrate cells and are key in sensing extracellular signals and locally transducing this information into a cellular response. Recent findings show that primary cilia are not merely static organelles with a distinct lipid and protein composition. Instead, the function of primary cilia relies on the dynamic composition of molecules within the cilium, the context-dependent sensing and processing of extracellular stimuli, and cycles of assembly and disassembly in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. Thereby, primary cilia dynamically integrate different cellular inputs and control cell fate and function during tissue development. Here, we review the recently emerging concept of primary cilia dynamics in tissue development, organization, remodeling, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute for Human Genetics, Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversitätUniversitätsklinikum DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kerstin Feistel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Anne Grapin‐Botton
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at The University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Nathalie Jurisch‐Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune SystemUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - David U Mick
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB)Saarland School of MedicineHomburgGermany
| | - Roman‐Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Helen May‐Simera
- Institute of Molecular PhysiologyJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Peter Walentek
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Renal Division, Internal Medicine IV, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tasaki K, Zhou Z, Ishida Y, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. Compound heterozygous IFT81 variations in a skeletal ciliopathy patient cause Bardet-Biedl syndrome-like ciliary defects. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2887-2900. [PMID: 37427975 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their crucial roles in development and homeostasis, defects in cilia cause ciliopathies with diverse clinical manifestations. The intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, containing the IFT-A and IFT-B complexes, mediates not only the intraciliary bidirectional trafficking but also import and export of ciliary proteins together with the kinesin-2 and dynein-2 motor complexes. The BBSome, containing eight subunits encoded by causative genes of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), connects the IFT machinery to ciliary membrane proteins to mediate their export from cilia. Although mutations in subunits of the IFT-A and dynein-2 complexes cause skeletal ciliopathies, mutations in some IFT-B subunits are also known to cause skeletal ciliopathies. We here show that compound heterozygous variations of an IFT-B subunit, IFT81, found in a patient with skeletal ciliopathy cause defects in its interactions with other IFT-B subunits, and in ciliogenesis and ciliary protein trafficking when one of the two variants was expressed in IFT81-knockout (KO) cells. Notably, we found that IFT81-KO cells expressing IFT81(Δ490-519), which lacks the binding site for the IFT25-IFT27 dimer, causes ciliary defects reminiscent of those found in BBS cells and those in IFT74-KO cells expressing a BBS variant of IFT74, which forms a heterodimer with IFT81. In addition, IFT81-KO cells expressing IFT81(Δ490-519) in combination with the other variant, IFT81 (L645*), which mimics the cellular conditions of the above skeletal ciliopathy patient, demonstrated essentially the same phenotype as those expressing only IFT81(Δ490-519). Thus, our data indicate that BBS-like defects can be caused by skeletal ciliopathy variants of IFT81.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Tasaki
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Zhuang Zhou
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yamato Ishida
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barbeito P, Martin-Morales R, Palencia-Campos A, Cerrolaza J, Rivas-Santos C, Gallego-Colastra L, Caparros-Martin JA, Martin-Bravo C, Martin-Hurtado A, Sánchez-Bellver L, Marfany G, Ruiz-Perez VL, Garcia-Gonzalo FR. EVC-EVC2 complex stability and ciliary targeting are regulated by modification with ubiquitin and SUMO. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1190258. [PMID: 37576597 PMCID: PMC10413113 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1190258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellis van Creveld syndrome and Weyers acrofacial dysostosis are two rare genetic diseases affecting skeletal development. They are both ciliopathies, as they are due to malfunction of primary cilia, microtubule-based plasma membrane protrusions that function as cellular antennae and are required for Hedgehog signaling, a key pathway during skeletal morphogenesis. These ciliopathies are caused by mutations affecting the EVC-EVC2 complex, a transmembrane protein heterodimer that regulates Hedgehog signaling from inside primary cilia. Despite the importance of this complex, the mechanisms underlying its stability, targeting and function are poorly understood. To address this, we characterized the endogenous EVC protein interactome in control and Evc-null cells. This proteomic screen confirmed EVC's main known interactors (EVC2, IQCE, EFCAB7), while revealing new ones, including USP7, a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in Hedgehog signaling. We therefore looked at EVC-EVC2 complex ubiquitination. Such ubiquitination exists but is independent of USP7 (and of USP48, also involved in Hh signaling). We did find, however, that monoubiquitination of EVC-EVC2 cytosolic tails greatly reduces their protein levels. On the other hand, modification of EVC-EVC2 cytosolic tails with the small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO3 has a different effect, enhancing complex accumulation at the EvC zone, immediately distal to the ciliary transition zone, possibly via increased binding to the EFCAB7-IQCE complex. Lastly, we find that EvC zone targeting of EVC-EVC2 depends on two separate EFCAB7-binding motifs within EVC2's Weyers-deleted peptide. Only one of these motifs had been characterized previously, so we have mapped the second herein. Altogether, our data shed light on EVC-EVC2 complex regulatory mechanisms, with implications for ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Barbeito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martin-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Palencia-Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Cerrolaza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Rivas-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Gallego-Colastra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Caparros-Martin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Martin-Bravo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martin-Hurtado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Bellver
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina—Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- DBGen Ocular Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor L. Ruiz-Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc R. Garcia-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hiyamizu S, Qiu H, Tsurumi Y, Hamada Y, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. Dynein-2-driven intraciliary retrograde trafficking indirectly requires multiple interactions of IFT54 in the IFT-B complex with the dynein-2 complex. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059976. [PMID: 37309605 PMCID: PMC10320715 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within cilia, the dynein-2 complex needs to be transported as an anterograde cargo to achieve its role as a motor to drive retrograde trafficking of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery containing IFT-A and IFT-B complexes. We previously showed that interactions of WDR60 and the DYNC2H1-DYNC2LI1 dimer of dynein-2 with multiple IFT-B subunits, including IFT54, are required for the trafficking of dynein-2 as an IFT cargo. However, specific deletion of the IFT54-binding site from WDR60 demonstrated only a minor effect on dynein-2 trafficking and function. We here show that the C-terminal coiled-coil region of IFT54, which participates in its interaction with the DYNC2H1-DYNC2LI1 dimer of dynein-2 and with IFT20 of the IFT-B complex, is essential for IFT-B function, and suggest that the IFT54 middle linker region between the N-terminal WDR60-binding region and the C-terminal coiled-coil is required for ciliary retrograde trafficking, probably by mediating the effective binding of IFT-B to the dynein-2 complex, and thereby ensuring dynein-2 loading onto the anterograde IFT trains. The results presented here agree with the notion predicted from the previous structural models that the dynein-2 loading onto the anterograde IFT train relies on intricate, multivalent interactions between the dynein-2 and IFT-B complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Hiyamizu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hantian Qiu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsurumi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamada
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mill P, Christensen ST, Pedersen LB. Primary cilia as dynamic and diverse signalling hubs in development and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:421-441. [PMID: 37072495 PMCID: PMC7615029 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia, antenna-like sensory organelles protruding from the surface of most vertebrate cell types, are essential for regulating signalling pathways during development and adult homeostasis. Mutations in genes affecting cilia cause an overlapping spectrum of >30 human diseases and syndromes, the ciliopathies. Given the immense structural and functional diversity of the mammalian cilia repertoire, there is a growing disconnect between patient genotype and associated phenotypes, with variable severity and expressivity characteristic of the ciliopathies as a group. Recent technological developments are rapidly advancing our understanding of the complex mechanisms that control biogenesis and function of primary cilia across a range of cell types and are starting to tackle this diversity. Here, we examine the structural and functional diversity of primary cilia, their dynamic regulation in different cellular and developmental contexts and their disruption in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zufiaurre-Seijo M, García-Arumí J, Duarri A. Clinical and Molecular Aspects of C2orf71/PCARE in Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10670. [PMID: 37445847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the photoreceptor-specific C2orf71 gene (also known as photoreceptor cilium actin regulator protein PCARE) cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa type 54 and cone-rod dystrophy. No treatments are available for patients with C2orf71 retinal ciliopathies exhibiting a severe clinical phenotype. Our understanding of the disease process and the role of PCARE in the healthy retina significantly limits our capacity to transfer recent technical developments into viable therapy choices. This study summarizes the current understanding of C2orf71-related retinal diseases, including their clinical manifestations and an unclear genotype-phenotype correlation. It discusses molecular and functional studies on the photoreceptor-specific ciliary PCARE, focusing on the photoreceptor cell and its ciliary axoneme. It is proposed that PCARE is an actin-associated protein that interacts with WASF3 to regulate the actin-driven expansion of the ciliary membrane during the development of a new outer segment disk in photoreceptor cells. This review also introduces various cellular and animal models used to model these diseases and provides an overview of potential treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalen Zufiaurre-Seijo
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Arumí
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Petzold F, Billot K, Chen X, Henry C, Filhol E, Martin Y, Avramescu M, Douillet M, Morinière V, Krug P, Jeanpierre C, Tory K, Boyer O, Burgun A, Servais A, Salomon R, Benmerah A, Heidet L, Garcelon N, Antignac C, Zaidan M, Saunier S. The genetic landscape and clinical spectrum of nephronophthisis and related ciliopathies. Kidney Int 2023:S0085-2538(23)00377-0. [PMID: 37230223 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal-recessive ciliopathy representing one of the most frequent causes of kidney failure in childhood characterized by a broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Applied to one of the worldwide largest cohorts of patients with NPH, genetic analysis encompassing targeted and whole exome sequencing identified disease-causing variants in 600 patients from 496 families with a detection rate of 71%. Of 788 pathogenic variants, 40 known ciliopathy genes were identified. However, the majority of patients (53%) bore biallelic pathogenic variants in NPHP1. NPH-causing gene alterations affected all ciliary modules defined by structural and/or functional subdomains. Seventy six percent of these patients had progressed to kidney failure, of which 18% had an infantile form (under five years) and harbored variants affecting the Inversin compartment or intraflagellar transport complex A. Forty eight percent of patients showed a juvenile (5-15 years) and 34% a late-onset disease (over 15 years), the latter mostly carrying variants belonging to the Transition Zone module. Furthermore, while more than 85% of patients with an infantile form presented with extra-kidney manifestations, it only concerned half of juvenile and late onset cases. Eye involvement represented a predominant feature, followed by cerebellar hypoplasia and other brain abnormalities, liver and skeletal defects. The phenotypic variability were in a large part associated with mutation types, genes and corresponding ciliary modules with hypomorphic variants in ciliary genes playing a role in early steps of ciliogenesis associated with juvenile-to-late onset NPH forms. Thus, our data confirm a considerable proportion of late-onset NPH suggesting an underdiagnosis in adult chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Petzold
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katy Billot
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Data Science Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charline Henry
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Filhol
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Martin
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Marina Avramescu
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Department of Pediatry, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Douillet
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Data Science Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Morinière
- APHP, Génétique moléculaire, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Krug
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Department of Pediatry, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Jeanpierre
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Kalman Tory
- Ist Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olivia Boyer
- Department of Pediatry, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Nephrology and Transplantation Department, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, France
| | - Anita Burgun
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Medical Informatics, AP-HP, Paris, France; PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE (PRAIRIE), France
| | - Aude Servais
- Nephrology and Transplantation Department, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, France
| | - Remi Salomon
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Department of Pediatry, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Heidet
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Department of Pediatry, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Nephrology and Transplantation Department, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Garcelon
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Data Science Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Antignac
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Zaidan
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares « Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique », Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Structure of the N-terminal coiled-coil domains of the ciliary protein Rpgrip1l. iScience 2023; 26:106249. [PMID: 36915689 PMCID: PMC10006689 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rpgrip1l is one of the key ciliary proteins located at the transition zone of the primary cilium, an important organelle for cells to sense the outer environment. Mutations in the RPGRIP1L gene are associated with various ciliopathies. Here, we focused on the N-terminal coiled-coil of Rpgrip1l. By comprehensive biochemical and structural characterizations, we demonstrated that the two predicted coiled-coil regions (CC12) located at Rpgrip1l N-terminus each can form a stable parallel dimer. We further showed that overexpression of Rpgrip1l CC12 in NIH/3T3 cells significantly shortened the length of primary cilia, and this effect depended on the dimer formation. In addition, we found that CC12 of the homolog protein Rpgrip1 in mouse and human were significantly different from Rpgrip1l. Finally, we confirmed that some disease-related mutations can alter the dimeric states of CC12 of Rpgrip1l or Rpgrip1, which might explain the pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hiyamizu S, Qiu H, Vuolo L, Stevenson NL, Shak C, Heesom KJ, Hamada Y, Tsurumi Y, Chiba S, Katoh Y, Stephens DJ, Nakayama K. Multiple interactions of the dynein-2 complex with the IFT-B complex are required for effective intraflagellar transport. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286934. [PMID: 36632779 PMCID: PMC10110421 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynein-2 complex must be transported anterogradely within cilia to then drive retrograde trafficking of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery containing IFT-A and IFT-B complexes. Here, we screened for potential interactions between the dynein-2 and IFT-B complexes and found multiple interactions among the dynein-2 and IFT-B subunits. In particular, WDR60 (also known as DYNC2I1) and the DYNC2H1-DYNC2LI1 dimer from dynein-2, and IFT54 (also known as TRAF3IP1) and IFT57 from IFT-B contribute to the dynein-2-IFT-B interactions. WDR60 interacts with IFT54 via a conserved region N-terminal to its light chain-binding regions. Expression of the WDR60 constructs in WDR60-knockout (KO) cells revealed that N-terminal truncation mutants lacking the IFT54-binding site fail to rescue abnormal phenotypes of WDR60-KO cells, such as aberrant accumulation of the IFT machinery around the ciliary tip and on the distal side of the transition zone. However, a WDR60 construct specifically lacking just the IFT54-binding site substantially restored the ciliary defects. In line with the current docking model of dynein-2 with the anterograde IFT trains, these results indicate that extensive interactions involving multiple subunits from the dynein-2 and IFT-B complexes participate in their connection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Hiyamizu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hantian Qiu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Laura Vuolo
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Nicola L Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Caroline Shak
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Yuki Hamada
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsurumi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - David J Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rabiasz A, Ziętkiewicz E. Schmidtea mediterranea as a Model Organism to Study the Molecular Background of Human Motile Ciliopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054472. [PMID: 36901899 PMCID: PMC10002865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved organelles that form protrusions on the surface of many growth-arrested or differentiated eukaryotic cells. Due to the structural and functional differences, cilia can be roughly classified as motile and non-motile (primary). Genetically determined dysfunction of motile cilia is the basis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a heterogeneous ciliopathy affecting respiratory airways, fertility, and laterality. In the face of the still incomplete knowledge of PCD genetics and phenotype-genotype relations in PCD and the spectrum of PCD-like diseases, a continuous search for new causative genes is required. The use of model organisms has been a great part of the advances in understanding molecular mechanisms and the genetic basis of human diseases; the PCD spectrum is not different in this respect. The planarian model (Schmidtea mediterranea) has been intensely used to study regeneration processes, and-in the context of cilia-their evolution, assembly, and role in cell signaling. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the use of this simple and accessible model for studying the genetics of PCD and related diseases. The recent rapid development of the available planarian databases with detailed genomic and functional annotations prompted us to review the potential of the S. mediterranea model for studying human motile ciliopathies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Odabasi E, Conkar D, Deretic J, Batman U, Frikstad KAM, Patzke S, Firat-Karalar EN. CCDC66 regulates primary cilium length and signaling via interactions with transition zone and axonemal proteins. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286879. [PMID: 36606424 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle that serves as a hub for many signaling pathways. It functions as part of the centrosome or cilium complex, which also contains the basal body and the centriolar satellites. Little is known about the mechanisms by which the microtubule-based ciliary axoneme is assembled with a proper length and structure, particularly in terms of the activity of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and the crosstalk between the different compartments of the centrosome or cilium complex. Here, we analyzed CCDC66, a MAP implicated in cilium biogenesis and ciliopathies. Live-cell imaging revealed that CCDC66 compartmentalizes between centrosomes, centriolar satellites, and the ciliary axoneme and tip during cilium biogenesis. CCDC66 depletion in human cells causes defects in cilium assembly, length and morphology. Notably, CCDC66 interacts with the ciliopathy-linked MAPs CEP104 and CSPP1, and regulates axonemal length and Hedgehog pathway activation. Moreover, CCDC66 is required for the basal body recruitment of transition zone proteins and intraflagellar transport B (IFT-B) machinery. Overall, our results establish CCDC66 as a multifaceted regulator of the primary cilium and provide insight into how ciliary MAPs and subcompartments cooperate to ensure assembly of functional cilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Odabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Deniz Conkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Jovana Deretic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Umut Batman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Kari-Anne M Frikstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, OUH-Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo N-0379, Norway
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, OUH-Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo N-0379, Norway
| | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.,School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Muñoz-Estrada J, Nguyen AV, Goetz SC. TTBK2 mutations associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 disrupt peroxisome dynamics and ciliary localization of SHH signaling proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526333. [PMID: 36778451 PMCID: PMC9915595 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Frameshift mutations in Tau Tubulin Kinase 2 (TTBK2) cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11), which is characterized by the progressive loss of Purkinje cells and cerebellar atrophy. Previous work showed that these TTBK2 variants generate truncated proteins that interfere with primary ciliary trafficking and with Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling in mice. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the dominant interference of mutations remain unknown. Herein, we discover that SCA11-associated variants contain a bona fide peroxisomal targeting signal type 1. We find that their expression in RPE1 cells reduces peroxisome numbers within the cell and at the base of the cilia, disrupts peroxisome fission pathways, and impairs trafficking of ciliary SMO upon SHH signaling activation. This work uncovers a neomorphic function of SCA11-causing mutations and identifies requirements for both peroxisomes and cholesterol in trafficking of cilia-localized SHH signaling proteins. In addition, we postulate that molecular mechanisms underlying cellular dysfunction in SCA11 converge on the SHH signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Muñoz-Estrada
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Abraham V Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Sarah C Goetz
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Aslanyan MG, Doornbos C, Diwan GD, Anvarian Z, Beyer T, Junger K, van Beersum SEC, Russell RB, Ueffing M, Ludwig A, Boldt K, Pedersen LB, Roepman R. A targeted multi-proteomics approach generates a blueprint of the ciliary ubiquitinome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1113656. [PMID: 36776558 PMCID: PMC9908615 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of the primary cilium as a signaling-competent organelle requires a high degree of fine tuning, which is at least in part achieved by a variety of post-translational modifications. One such modification is ubiquitination. The small and highly conserved ubiquitin protein possesses a unique versatility in regulating protein function via its ability to build mono and polyubiquitin chains onto target proteins. We aimed to take an unbiased approach to generate a comprehensive blueprint of the ciliary ubiquitinome by deploying a multi-proteomics approach using both ciliary-targeted ubiquitin affinity proteomics, as well as ubiquitin-binding domain-based proximity labelling in two different mammalian cell lines. This resulted in the identification of several key proteins involved in signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling and membrane and protein trafficking. Interestingly, using two different approaches in IMCD3 and RPE1 cells, respectively, we uncovered several novel mechanisms that regulate cilia function. In our IMCD3 proximity labeling cell line model, we found a highly enriched group of ESCRT-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis-related proteins, suggesting an important and novel role for this pathway in the regulation of ciliary homeostasis and function. In contrast, in RPE1 cells we found that several structural components of caveolae (CAV1, CAVIN1, and EHD2) were highly enriched in our cilia affinity proteomics screen. Consistently, the presence of caveolae at the ciliary pocket and ubiquitination of CAV1 specifically, were found likely to play a role in the regulation of ciliary length in these cells. Cilia length measurements demonstrated increased ciliary length in RPE1 cells stably expressing a ubiquitination impaired CAV1 mutant protein. Furthermore, live cell imaging in the same cells revealed decreased CAV1 protein turnover at the cilium as the possible cause for this phenotype. In conclusion, we have generated a comprehensive list of cilia-specific proteins that are subject to regulation via ubiquitination which can serve to further our understanding of cilia biology in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam G. Aslanyan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cenna Doornbos
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gaurav D. Diwan
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zeinab Anvarian
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Beyer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Junger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sylvia E. C. van Beersum
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert B. Russell
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences, NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lotte B. Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Ronald Roepman,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang K, Da Silva F, Seidl C, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Herbst J, Huttner WB, Niehrs C. Primary cilia are WNT-transducing organelles whose biogenesis is controlled by a WNT-PP1 axis. Dev Cell 2023; 58:139-154.e8. [PMID: 36693320 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
WNT signaling is important in development, stem cell maintenance, and disease. WNT ligands typically signal via receptor activation across the plasma membrane to induce β-catenin-dependent gene activation. Here, we show that in mammalian primary cilia, WNT receptors relay a WNT/GSK3 signal that β-catenin-independently promotes ciliogenesis. Characterization of a LRP6 ciliary targeting sequence and monitoring of acute WNT co-receptor activation (phospho-LRP6) support this conclusion. Ciliary WNT signaling inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, a negative regulator of ciliogenesis, by preventing GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of the PP1 regulatory inhibitor subunit PPP1R2. Concordantly, deficiency of WNT/GSK3 signaling by depletion of cyclin Y and cyclin-Y-like protein 1 induces primary cilia defects in mouse embryonic neuronal precursors, kidney proximal tubules, and adult mice preadipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Zhang
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Da Silva
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carina Seidl
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Herbst
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kanie T, Love JF, Fisher SD, Gustavsson AK, Jackson PK. A hierarchical pathway for assembly of the distal appendages that organize primary cilia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.06.522944. [PMID: 36711481 PMCID: PMC9881904 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Distal appendages are nine-fold symmetric blade-like structures attached to the distal end of the mother centriole. These structures are critical for formation of the primary cilium, by regulating at least four critical steps: ciliary vesicle recruitment, recruitment and initiation of intraflagellar transport (IFT), and removal of CP110. While specific proteins that localize to the distal appendages have been identified, how exactly each protein functions to achieve the multiple roles of the distal appendages is poorly understood. Here we comprehensively analyze known and newly discovered distal appendage proteins (CEP83, SCLT1, CEP164, TTBK2, FBF1, CEP89, KIZ, ANKRD26, PIDD1, LRRC45, NCS1, C3ORF14) for their precise localization, order of recruitment, and their roles in each step of cilia formation. Using CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts, we show that the order of the recruitment of the distal appendage proteins is highly interconnected and a more complex hierarchy. Our analysis highlights two protein modules, CEP83-SCLT1 and CEP164-TTBK2, as critical for structural assembly of distal appendages. Functional assay revealed that CEP89 selectively functions in RAB34+ ciliary vesicle recruitment, while deletion of the integral components, CEP83-SCLT1-CEP164-TTBK2, severely compromised all four steps of cilium formation. Collectively, our analyses provide a more comprehensive view of the organization and the function of the distal appendage, paving the way for molecular understanding of ciliary assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Kanie
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, 73112
| | - Julia F. Love
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
| | | | - Anna-Karin Gustavsson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Peter K. Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kretschmar C, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Reyes M, Peña-Oyarzún D, García-Navarrete C, Troncoso R, Díaz-Castro F, Budini M, Morselli E, Riquelme JA, Hill JA, Lavandero S, Criollo A. Methods for studying primary cilia in heart tissue after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 176:85-101. [PMID: 37164544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. After heart injury triggered by myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, extensive zones of tissue are damaged and some of the tissue dies by necrosis and/or apoptosis. The loss of contractile mass activates a series of biochemical mechanisms that allow, through cardiac remodeling, the replacement of the dysfunctional heart tissue by fibrotic material. Our previous studies have shown that primary cilia, non-motile antenna-like structures at the cell surface required for the activation of specific signaling pathways, are present in cardiac fibroblasts and required for cardiac fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice. I/R-induced myocardial fibrosis promotes the enrichment of ciliated cardiac fibroblasts where the myocardial injury occurs. Given discussions about the existence of cilia in specific cardiac cell types, as well as the functional relevance of studying cilia-dependent signaling in cardiac fibrosis after I/R, here we describe our methods to evaluate the presence and roles of primary cilia in cardiac fibrosis after I/R in mice.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hesketh SJ, Mukhopadhyay AG, Nakamura D, Toropova K, Roberts AJ. IFT-A structure reveals carriages for membrane protein transport into cilia. Cell 2022; 185:4971-4985.e16. [PMID: 36462505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains are massive molecular machines that traffic proteins between cilia and the cell body. Each IFT train is a dynamic polymer of two large complexes (IFT-A and -B) and motor proteins, posing a formidable challenge to mechanistic understanding. Here, we reconstituted the complete human IFT-A complex and obtained its structure using cryo-EM. Combined with AlphaFold prediction and genome-editing studies, our results illuminate how IFT-A polymerizes, interacts with IFT-B, and uses an array of β-propeller and TPR domains to create "carriages" of the IFT train that engage TULP adaptor proteins. We show that IFT-A⋅TULP carriages are essential for cilia localization of diverse membrane proteins, as well as ICK-the key kinase regulating IFT train turnaround. These data establish a structural link between IFT-A's distinct functions, provide a blueprint for IFT-A in the train, and shed light on how IFT evolved from a proto-coatomer ancestor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Hesketh
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Aakash G Mukhopadhyay
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Dai Nakamura
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Katerina Toropova
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Anthony J Roberts
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Park K, Leroux MR. Composition, organization and mechanisms of the transition zone, a gate for the cilium. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55420. [PMID: 36408840 PMCID: PMC9724682 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cilium evolved to provide the ancestral eukaryote with the ability to move and sense its environment. Acquiring these functions required the compartmentalization of a dynein-based motility apparatus and signaling proteins within a discrete subcellular organelle contiguous with the cytosol. Here, we explore the potential molecular mechanisms for how the proximal-most region of the cilium, termed transition zone (TZ), acts as a diffusion barrier for both membrane and soluble proteins and helps to ensure ciliary autonomy and homeostasis. These include a unique complement and spatial organization of proteins that span from the microtubule-based axoneme to the ciliary membrane; a protein picket fence; a specialized lipid microdomain; differential membrane curvature and thickness; and lastly, a size-selective molecular sieve. In addition, the TZ must be permissive for, and functionally integrates with, ciliary trafficking systems (including intraflagellar transport) that cross the barrier and make the ciliary compartment dynamic. The quest to understand the TZ continues and promises to not only illuminate essential aspects of human cell signaling, physiology, and development, but also to unravel how TZ dysfunction contributes to ciliopathies that affect multiple organ systems, including eyes, kidney, and brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangjin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and DiseaseSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Present address:
Terry Fox LaboratoryBC CancerVancouverBCCanada
- Present address:
Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and DiseaseSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Primary cilia suppress Ripk3-mediated necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:477. [PMID: 36460631 PMCID: PMC9718801 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are sensory organelles that project from the surface of almost all cells. Nephronophthisis (NPH) and NPH-related ciliopathies are degenerative genetic diseases caused by mutation of cilia-associated genes. These kidney disorders are characterized by progressive loss of functional tubular epithelial cells which is associated with inflammation, progressive fibrosis, and cyst formation, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. However, disease mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that targeted deletion of cilia in renal epithelial cells enhanced susceptibility to necroptotic cell death under inflammatory conditions. Treatment of non-ciliated cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and the SMAC mimetic birinapant resulted in Ripk1-dependent cell death, while viability of ciliated cells was almost not affected. Cell death could be enhanced and shifted toward necroptosis by the caspase inhibitor emricasan, which could be blocked by inhibitors of Ripk1 and Ripk3. Moreover, combined treatment of ciliated and non-ciliated cells with TNFα and cycloheximide induced a cell death response that could be partially rescued with emricasan in ciliated cells. In contrast, non-ciliated cells responded with pronounced cell death that was blocked by necroptosis inhibitors. Consistently, combined treatment with interferon-γ and emricasan induced cell death only in non-ciliated cells. Mechanistically, enhanced necroptosis induced by loss of cilia could be explained by induction of Ripk3 and increased abundance of autophagy components, including p62 and LC3 associated with the Ripk1/Ripk3 necrosome. Genetic ablation of cilia in renal tubular epithelial cells in mice resulted in TUNEL positivity and increased expression of Ripk3 in kidney tissue. Moreover, loss of Nphp1, the most frequent cause of NPH, further increased susceptibility to necroptosis in non-ciliated epithelial cells, suggesting that necroptosis might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Together, these data provide a link between cilia-related signaling and cell death responses and shed new light on the disease pathogenesis of NPH-related ciliopathies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Yan X, Shen Y. Rab-like small GTPases in the regulation of ciliary Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) complex transport. FEBS J 2022; 289:7359-7367. [PMID: 34655445 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia, microtubule-based hair-like structures protruding from most cells, contain membranes enriched in signaling molecules and function as sensory and regulatory organelles critical for development and tissue homeostasis. Intraflagellar transport (IFT), cilia-specific bidirectional transport, is required for the assembly, maintenance, and function of cilia. BBSome, the coat complex, acts as the adaptor between the IFT complex and membrane proteins and is therefore essential for establishing the specific compartmentalization of signaling molecules in the cilia. Recent findings have revealed that three ciliary Rab-like small GTPases, IFT27, IFT22, and Rabl2, play critical regulatory roles in ciliary BBSome transport. In this review, we provide an overview of these three Rab-like small GTPases and their relationship with BBSome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Amack JD. Structures and functions of cilia during vertebrate embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:579-596. [PMID: 36367893 PMCID: PMC9805515 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells. In vertebrates, most cells have an immotile primary cilium that mediates cell signaling, and some specialized cells assemble one or multiple cilia that are motile and beat synchronously to move fluids in one direction. Gene mutations that alter cilia structure or function cause a broad spectrum of disorders termed ciliopathies that impact virtually every system in the body. A wide range of birth defects associated with ciliopathies underscores critical functions for cilia during embryonic development. In many cases, the mechanisms underlying cilia functions during development and disease remain poorly understood. This review describes different types of cilia in vertebrate embryos and discusses recent research results from diverse model systems that provide novel insights into how cilia form and function during embryo development. The work discussed here not only expands our understanding of in vivo cilia biology, but also opens new questions about cilia and their roles in establishing healthy embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA,,BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sale WS, Christensen ST. Peter Satir (1936-2022), cell biology pioneer and mentor. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:285814. [PMID: 36484464 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Winfield S Sale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou Z, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. CEP19-RABL2-IFT-B axis controls BBSome-mediated ciliary GPCR export. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar126. [PMID: 36074075 PMCID: PMC9634966 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery mediates the import and export of ciliary proteins across the ciliary gate, as well as bidirectional protein trafficking within cilia. In addition to ciliary anterograde protein trafficking, the IFT-B complex participates in the export of membrane proteins together with the BBSome, which consists of eight subunits encoded by the causative genes of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). The IFT25-IFT27/BBS19 dimer in the IFT-B complex constitutes its interface with the BBSome. We show here that IFT25-IFT27 and the RABL2 GTPase bind the IFT74/BBS22-IFT81 dimer of the IFT-B complex in a mutually exclusive manner. Cells expressing GTP-locked RABL2 [RABL2(Q80L)], but not wild-type RABL2, phenocopied IFT27-knockout cells, that is, they demonstrated BBS-associated ciliary defects, including accumulation of LZTFL1/BBS17 and the BBSome within cilia and the suppression of export of the ciliary GPCRs GPR161 and Smoothened. RABL2(Q80L) enters cilia in a manner dependent on the basal body protein CEP19, but its entry into cilia is not necessary for causing BBS-associated ciliary defects. These observations suggest that GTP-bound RABL2 is likely to be required for recruitment of the IFT-B complex to the ciliary base, where it is replaced with IFT25-IFT27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan,*Address correspondence to: Kazuhisa Nakayama (); Yohei Katoh ()
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan,*Address correspondence to: Kazuhisa Nakayama (); Yohei Katoh ()
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Iturrate A, Rivera-Barahona A, Flores CL, Otaify GA, Elhossini R, Perez-Sanz ML, Nevado J, Tenorio-Castano J, Triviño JC, Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Piceci-Sparascio F, De Luca A, Martínez L, Kalaycı T, Lapunzina P, Altunoglu U, Aglan M, Abdalla E, Ruiz-Perez VL. Mutations in SCNM1 cause orofaciodigital syndrome due to minor intron splicing defects affecting primary cilia. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1828-1849. [PMID: 36084634 PMCID: PMC9606384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofaciodigital syndrome (OFD) is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by anomalies of the oral cavity, face, and digits. We describe individuals with OFD from three unrelated families having bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in SCNM1 as the cause of their condition. SCNM1 encodes a protein recently shown to be a component of the human minor spliceosome. However, so far the effect of loss of SCNM1 function on human cells had not been assessed. Using a comparative transcriptome analysis between fibroblasts derived from an OFD-affected individual harboring SCNM1 mutations and control fibroblasts, we identified a set of genes with defective minor intron (U12) processing in the fibroblasts of the affected subject. These results were reproduced in SCNM1 knockout hTERT RPE-1 (RPE-1) cells engineered by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing and in SCNM1 siRNA-treated RPE-1 cultures. Notably, expression of TMEM107 and FAM92A encoding primary cilia and basal body proteins, respectively, and that of DERL2, ZC3H8, and C17orf75, were severely reduced in SCNM1-deficient cells. Primary fibroblasts containing SCNM1 mutations, as well as SCNM1 knockout and SCNM1 knockdown RPE-1 cells, were also found with abnormally elongated cilia. Conversely, cilia length and expression of SCNM1-regulated genes were restored in SCNM1-deficient fibroblasts following reintroduction of SCNM1 via retroviral delivery. Additionally, functional analysis in SCNM1-retrotransduced fibroblasts showed that SCNM1 is a positive mediator of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Our findings demonstrate that defective U12 intron splicing can lead to a typical ciliopathy such as OFD and reveal that primary cilia length and Hh signaling are regulated by the minor spliceosome through SCNM1 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Iturrate
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen-Lisset Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ghada A. Otaify
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elhossini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marina L. Perez-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesc R. Garcia-Gonzalo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Área de Cáncer y Genética Molecular Humana, Instituto de Investigaciones del Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Piceci-Sparascio
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Martínez
- Departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tugba Kalaycı
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mona Aglan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam Abdalla
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt,Genetics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Victor L. Ruiz-Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yinsheng Z, Miyoshi K, Qin Y, Fujiwara Y, Yoshimura T, Katayama T. TMEM67 is required for the gating function of the transition zone that controls entry of membrane-associated proteins ARL13B and INPP5E into primary cilia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:162-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
43
|
Cilleros-Rodriguez D, Martin-Morales R, Barbeito P, Deb Roy A, Loukil A, Sierra-Rodero B, Herranz G, Pampliega O, Redrejo-Rodriguez M, Goetz SC, Izquierdo M, Inoue T, Garcia-Gonzalo FR. Multiple ciliary localization signals control INPP5E ciliary targeting. eLife 2022; 11:78383. [PMID: 36063381 PMCID: PMC9444247 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory membrane protrusions whose dysfunction causes ciliopathies. INPP5E is a ciliary phosphoinositide phosphatase mutated in ciliopathies like Joubert syndrome. INPP5E regulates numerous ciliary functions, but how it accumulates in cilia remains poorly understood. Herein, we show INPP5E ciliary targeting requires its folded catalytic domain and is controlled by four conserved ciliary localization signals (CLSs): LLxPIR motif (CLS1), W383 (CLS2), FDRxLYL motif (CLS3) and CaaX box (CLS4). We answer two long-standing questions in the field. First, partial CLS1-CLS4 redundancy explains why CLS4 is dispensable for ciliary targeting. Second, the essential need for CLS2 clarifies why CLS3-CLS4 are together insufficient for ciliary accumulation. Furthermore, we reveal that some Joubert syndrome mutations perturb INPP5E ciliary targeting, and clarify how each CLS works: (i) CLS4 recruits PDE6D, RPGR and ARL13B, (ii) CLS2-CLS3 regulate association to TULP3, ARL13B, and CEP164, and (iii) CLS1 and CLS4 cooperate in ATG16L1 binding. Altogether, we shed light on the mechanisms of INPP5E ciliary targeting, revealing a complexity without known parallels among ciliary cargoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cilleros-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martin-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Barbeito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abhijit Deb Roy
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Abdelhalim Loukil
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Belen Sierra-Rodero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herranz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olatz Pampliega
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience-UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Modesto Redrejo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah C Goetz
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Manuel Izquierdo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Francesc R Garcia-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mechanisms of Regulation in Intraflagellar Transport. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172737. [PMID: 36078145 PMCID: PMC9454703 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are eukaryotic organelles essential for movement, signaling or sensing. Primary cilia act as antennae to sense a cell’s environment and are involved in a wide range of signaling pathways essential for development. Motile cilia drive cell locomotion or liquid flow around the cell. Proper functioning of both types of cilia requires a highly orchestrated bi-directional transport system, intraflagellar transport (IFT), which is driven by motor proteins, kinesin-2 and IFT dynein. In this review, we explore how IFT is regulated in cilia, focusing from three different perspectives on the issue. First, we reflect on how the motor track, the microtubule-based axoneme, affects IFT. Second, we focus on the motor proteins, considering the role motor action, cooperation and motor-train interaction plays in the regulation of IFT. Third, we discuss the role of kinases in the regulation of the motor proteins. Our goal is to provide mechanistic insights in IFT regulation in cilia and to suggest directions of future research.
Collapse
|
45
|
Le Borgne P, Greibill L, Laporte MH, Lemullois M, Bouhouche K, Temagoult M, Rosnet O, Le Guennec M, Lignières L, Chevreux G, Koll F, Hamel V, Guichard P, Tassin AM. The evolutionary conserved proteins CEP90, FOPNL, and OFD1 recruit centriolar distal appendage proteins to initiate their assembly. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001782. [PMID: 36070319 PMCID: PMC9484695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoa, cilia assembly is a cellular process that starts with centriole to basal body maturation, migration to the cell surface, and docking to the plasma membrane. Basal body docking involves the interaction of both the distal end of the basal body and the transition fibers/distal appendages, with the plasma membrane. Mutations in numerous genes involved in basal body docking and transition zone assembly are associated with the most severe ciliopathies, highlighting the importance of these events in cilium biogenesis. In this context, the ciliate Paramecium has been widely used as a model system to study basal body and cilia assembly. However, despite the evolutionary conservation of cilia assembly events across phyla, whether the same molecular players are functionally conserved, is not fully known. Here, we demonstrated that CEP90, FOPNL, and OFD1 are evolutionary conserved proteins crucial for ciliogenesis. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we unveiled that these proteins localize at the distal end of both centrioles/basal bodies in Paramecium and mammalian cells. Moreover, we found that these proteins are recruited early during centriole duplication on the external surface of the procentriole. Functional analysis performed both in Paramecium and mammalian cells demonstrate the requirement of these proteins for distal appendage assembly and basal body docking. Finally, we show that mammalian centrioles require another component, Moonraker (MNR), to recruit OFD1, FOPNL, and CEP90, which will then recruit the distal appendage proteins CEP83, CEP89, and CEP164. Altogether, we propose that this OFD1, FOPNL, and CEP90 functional module is required to determine in mammalian cells the future position of distal appendage proteins. CEP90, FOPNL and OFD1 form an evolutionary conserved module which promotes the assembly of centriolar distal appendages. This study uses ultrastructure expansion microscopy to reveal the recruitment of this module on early-born procentrioles to in turn recruit centriolar distal appendage proteins, proposing that this dictates the future location of distal appendages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Le Borgne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Logan Greibill
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marine Hélène Laporte
- University of Geneva, Section of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Lemullois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Khaled Bouhouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mebarek Temagoult
- Imagerie-Gif Light facility, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Rosnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Maeva Le Guennec
- University of Geneva, Section of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Lignières
- ProteoSeine@IJM, Université de Paris/CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Chevreux
- ProteoSeine@IJM, Université de Paris/CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - France Koll
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Section of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Section of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Tassin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Satoda Y, Noguchi T, Fujii T, Taniguchi A, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. BROMI/TBC1D32 together with CCRK/CDK20 and FAM149B1/JBTS36 contributes to intraflagellar transport turnaround involving ICK/CILK1. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar79. [PMID: 35609210 PMCID: PMC9582636 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-03-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like organelles that contain specific proteins, and are crucial for tissue morphogenesis. Anterograde and retrograde trafficking of ciliary proteins are mediated by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery. BROMI/TBC1D32 interacts with CCRK/CDK20, which phosphorylates and activates the intestinal cell kinase (ICK)/CILK1 kinase, to regulate the change in direction of the IFT machinery at the ciliary tip. Mutations in BROMI, CCRK, and ICK in humans cause ciliopathies, and mice defective in these genes are also known to demonstrate ciliopathy phenotypes. We show here that BROMI interacts not only with CCRK but also with CFAP20, an evolutionarily conserved ciliary protein, and with FAM149B1/ Joubert syndrome (JBTS)36, a protein in which mutations cause JBTS. In addition, we show that FAM149B1 interacts directly with CCRK as well as with BROMI. Ciliary defects observed in CCRK-knockout (KO), BROMI-KO, and FAM149B1-KO cells, including abnormally long cilia and accumulation of the IFT machinery and ICK at the ciliary tip, resembled one another, and BROMI mutants that are defective in binding to CCRK and CFAP20 were unable to rescue the ciliary defects of BROMI-KO cells. These data indicate that CCRK, BROMI, FAM149B1, and probably CFAP20 altogether regulate the IFT turnaround process under the control of ICK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Satoda
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Noguchi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Taiju Fujii
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Aoi Taniguchi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ishida Y, Tasaki K, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. Molecular basis underlying the ciliary defects caused by IFT52 variations found in skeletal ciliopathies. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar83. [PMID: 35704471 PMCID: PMC9582644 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional protein trafficking within cilia is mediated by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, which contains the IFT-A and IFT-B complexes powered by the kinesin-2 and dynein-2 motors. Mutations in genes encoding subunits of the IFT-A and dynein-2 complexes cause skeletal ciliopathies. Some subunits of the IFT-B complex, including IFT52, IFT80, and IFT172, are also mutated in skeletal ciliopathies. We here show that IFT52 variants found in individuals with short-rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS) are compromised in terms of formation of the IFT-B holocomplex from two subcomplexes and its interaction with heterotrimeric kinesin-II. IFT52-knockout (KO) cells expressing IFT52 variants that mimic the cellular conditions of individuals with SRPS demonstrated mild ciliogenesis defects and a decrease in ciliary IFT-B level. Furthermore, in IFT52-KO cells expressing an SRPS variant of IFT52, ciliary tip localization of ICK/CILK1 and KIF17, both of which are likely to be transported to the tip via binding to the IFT-B complex, was significantly impaired. Altogether these results indicate that impaired anterograde trafficking caused by a decrease in the ciliary level of IFT-B or in its binding to kinesin-II underlies the ciliary defects found in skeletal ciliopathies caused by IFT52 variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Ishida
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koshi Tasaki
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
van den Hoek H, Klena N, Jordan MA, Alvarez Viar G, Righetto RD, Schaffer M, Erdmann PS, Wan W, Geimer S, Plitzko JM, Baumeister W, Pigino G, Hamel V, Guichard P, Engel BD. In situ architecture of the ciliary base reveals the stepwise assembly of intraflagellar transport trains. Science 2022; 377:543-548. [PMID: 35901159 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm6704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cilium is an antenna-like organelle that performs numerous cellular functions, including motility, sensing, and signaling. The base of the cilium contains a selective barrier that regulates the entry of large intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains, which carry cargo proteins required for ciliary assembly and maintenance. However, the native architecture of the ciliary base and the process of IFT train assembly remain unresolved. In this work, we used in situ cryo-electron tomography to reveal native structures of the transition zone region and assembling IFT trains at the ciliary base in Chlamydomonas. We combined this direct cellular visualization with ultrastructure expansion microscopy to describe the front-to-back stepwise assembly of IFT trains: IFT-B forms the backbone, onto which bind IFT-A, dynein-1b, and finally kinesin-2 before entry into the cilium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo van den Hoek
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klena
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Section of Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Mareike A Jordan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Alvarez Viar
- Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricardo D Righetto
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miroslava Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - William Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Plitzko
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gaia Pigino
- Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Section of Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Section of Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Engel
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
van Krugten J, Danné N, Peterman EJG. A local interplay between diffusion and intraflagellar transport distributes TRPV-channel OCR-2 along C. elegans chemosensory cilia. Commun Biol 2022; 5:720. [PMID: 35858995 PMCID: PMC9300729 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To survive, Caenorhabditis elegans depends on sensing soluble chemicals with transmembrane proteins (TPs) in the cilia of its chemosensory neurons. Cilia rely on intraflagellar transport (IFT) to facilitate the distribution of cargo, such as TPs, along the ciliary axoneme. Here, we use fluorescence imaging of living worms and perform single-molecule tracking experiments to elucidate the dynamics underlying the ciliary distribution of the sensory TP OCR-2. Quantitative analysis reveals that the ciliary distribution of OCR-2 depends on an intricate interplay between transport modes that depends on the specific location in the cilium: in dendrite and transition zone, directed transport is predominant. Along the cilium motion is mostly due to normal diffusion together with a small fraction of directed transport, while at the ciliary tip subdiffusion dominates. These insights in the role of IFT and diffusion in ciliary dynamics contribute to a deeper understanding of ciliary signal transduction and chemosensing. Single-molecule tracking of the sensory transmembrane protein OCR-2 in C. elegans reveals an interplay of transport modes during intraflagellar transport in the cilium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaap van Krugten
- LaserLaB and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noémie Danné
- LaserLaB and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin J G Peterman
- LaserLaB and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang J, Wang L, Chen W, Duan J, Meng Y, Yang H, Guo Q. Whole exome sequencing facilitated the diagnosis in four Chinese pediatric cases of Joubert syndrome related disorders. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:5088-5097. [PMID: 35958498 PMCID: PMC9360900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Joubert syndrome is a spectrum of rare genetic disorders, mainly characterized by a distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the "molar tooth sign" (MTS), hypotonia, and intellectual disability/developmental delay. METHODS In this study, 4 pediatric cases with developmental delay and oculomotor abnormities were recruited, and submitted to a clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Afterwards, genetic detection with whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on the 4 patients. RESULTS Imaging results demonstrated cerebellar dysplasia in all probands, yet the MTS findings varied in severity. WES detected diagnostic variations in all four probands, which were distributed in four genes, namely CC2D2A, NPHP1, AHI1, and C5orf42. Two variants were novelly identified, which were the CC2D2A: c.2444delC (p.P815fs*2) and the AIH1: exon (15-17) del. In silico analysis supported the pathogenicity of the variations in this study. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expanded the mutation spectrum of Joubert syndrome related disorders, and provided solid evidence to the affected families for further genetic counseling and pregnancy guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hebei Medical University (Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province)Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Neurology Department, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hebei Medical University (Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province)Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Radiology Department, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanxin Meng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hebei Medical University (Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province)Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huafang Yang
- Neurology Department, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hebei Medical University (Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province)Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|