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Quintal Bojórquez NDC, Morales Mendoza LF, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Hernández Álvarez AJ, Segura Campos MR. In silico analysis of the interaction of de novo peptides derived from Salvia hispanica with anticancer targetsEvaluation of the anticancer potential of de novo peptides derived from Salvia hispanica through molecular docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6119-6135. [PMID: 37453078 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2232045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional cancer therapies are not selective to cancer cells resulting in serious side effects on patients. Thus, the need for complementary treatments that improve the patient's response to cancer therapy is highly important. To predict and evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and potential anticancer activity of the peptides identified from S. hispanica protein fraction <1 kDa through the use of in silico tools. Peptides derived from Salvia hispanica's protein fraction <1 kDa were identified and analyzed for the prediction of their physicochemical properties. The characterized peptide sequences were then submitted to a multi-criteria decision analysis to identify the peptides that possess the characteristics to potentially exert anticancer activity. Through molecular docking analysis, the potential anticancer activity of the Potentially Anticancer Peptide (PAP)-1, PAP-2, PAP-3, PAP-4, and PAP-5 was estimated by their binding interactions with cancer and apoptosis-related molecules. All five evaluated PAPs exhibited strong binding interactions (< -100 kcal/mol). However, PAP-3 showed the lowest binding free energies with several of the targets. Thus, PAP-3 shows potential to be used as a nutraceutical or ingredient for functional foods that adjuvate in cancer treatment. Conclusions: Through the molecular docking studies, the binding of the PAPs to target molecules of interest for cancer treatment was successfully simulated, from which PAP-3 exhibited the lowest binding free energies. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to validate the predictions obtained by the in silico analysis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- CONAHCYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Borini Etichetti C, Arel Zalazar E, Di Benedetto C, Cocordano N, Valente S, Bicciato S, Menacho-Márquez M, Larocca MC, Girardini J. Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) promotes invadopodia formation and metastasis in cancer cells. Biochimie 2024; 222:28-36. [PMID: 38301884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Isoprenyl cysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) catalyzes the last step of the prenylation pathway. Previously, we found that high ICMT levels enhance tumorigenesis in vivo and that its expression is repressed by the p53 tumor suppressor. Based on evidence suggesting that some ICMT substrates affect invasive traits, we wondered if this enzyme may promote metastasis. In this work, we found that ICMT overexpression enhanced lung metastasis in vivo. Accordingly, ICMT overexpression also promoted cellular functions associated with aggressive phenotypes such as migration and invasion in vitro. Considering that some ICMT substrates are involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, we hypothesized that actin-rich structures, associated with invasion and metastasis, may be affected. Our findings revealed that ICMT enhanced the formation of invadopodia. Additionally, by analyzing cancer patient databases, we found that ICMT is overexpressed in several tumor types. Furthermore, the concurrent expression of ICMT and CTTN, which encodes a crucial component of invadopodia, showed a significant correlation with clinical outcome. In summary, our work identifies ICMT overexpression as a relevant alteration in human cancer that promotes the development of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Borini Etichetti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental de Rosario, IFISE, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Evelyn Arel Zalazar
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Di Benedetto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, CA, 94143, United States.
| | - Nabila Cocordano
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, via Giuseppe Campi, 287 41125, Italy.
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - María Cecilia Larocca
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental de Rosario, IFISE, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Javier Girardini
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
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Jiang Q, Geng P, Zhang Y, Yang M, Zhu J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Feng Y, Sun X. Associations between CDH1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer: A meta-analysis based on 44 studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38244. [PMID: 38847676 PMCID: PMC11155553 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have investigated the association between CDH1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer (GC) risk. However, the results have been inconsistent and controversial. To further determine whether CDH1 polymorphisms increase the risk of GC, we conducted a meta-analysis by pooling the data. METHODS Relevant case-control studies were collected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases up to January 7, 2024. Subsequently, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of correlations. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness and reliability of these included studies. RESULTS A total of 25 articles including 44 studies, were included in this meta-analysis, including 26 studies on rs16260, 6 studies on rs3743674, 7 studies on rs5030625, and 5 studies on rs1801552. The pooled results showed that rs16260 was remarkably associated with an increased GC risk of GC among Caucasians. Moreover, the rs5030625 variation dramatically enhanced GC predisposition in the Asian population. However, no evident correlations between CDH1 rs3743674 and rs1801552 polymorphisms and GC risk were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that CDH1 gene polymorphisms were significantly correlated with GC risk, especially in rs16260 and rs5030625 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Peizhen Geng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Maoquan Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Weifang People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yikuan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Weifang People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Raab CA, Wegner SV. Reversible Photoregulation of Cell-Cell Adhesions With Opto-E-cadherin. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4995. [PMID: 38798983 PMCID: PMC11116891 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin has been intensively studied due to its prevalence in tissue function and its spatiotemporal regulation during epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition. Nonetheless, regulating and studying the dynamics of it has proven challenging. We developed a photoswitchable version of E-cadherin, named opto-E-cadherin, which can be toggled OFF with blue light illumination and back ON in the dark. Herein, we describe easy-to-use methods to test and characterise opto-E- cadherin cell clones for downstream experiments. Key features • This protocol describes how to implement optogenetic cell-cell adhesion molecules effectively (described here on the basis of opto-E-cadherin), while highlighting possible pitfalls. • Utilises equipment commonly found in most laboratories with high ease of use. • Phenotype screening is easy and done within a few hours (comparison of cell clusters in the dark vs. blue light in an aggregation assay). • Three different functionality assay systems are described. • After the cell line is established, all experiments can be performed within three days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Raab
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Nie Z, Zeng K, Yan Q, Liu Y, Bian Y, Zhu J, Guo Z, He F, Shi H, Guo Y. The Relationship Between Gene Mutations and the Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:486-495. [PMID: 37545327 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231188421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for gastric cancer (GC) are suboptimal. Potential therapeutic targets for GC were screened using next-generation sequencing. We examined many mutation genes linked to GC, including TP53 (60%), PIK3CA (19%), LRP1B (13%), and ERBB2 (12%), ARID1A (9%), KMT2C (9%), and KRAS (7%). The KMT2C, KRAS, CDK6, and ARID1A wild-type genes were dominant in diffuse-type GC (P < .05), but mutations did not influence prognosis. Patients with APC (6%) and CDH1 (8%) wild-type GC presented with vascular invasion (P < .05). Patients with ATR (2%) wild-type GC were prone to lymph node metastasis (P < .05). Patients with ARID1A (9%) wild-type GC had reduced programmed death ligand 1 expression (<1, P < .05). We found that patients who received chemotherapy had a better prognosis than those who did not (although there was no statistical difference), with platinum-based group having better prognosis and uracil combined with paclitaxel group having worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunzhen Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaixuan Zeng
- Precision Medical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingguo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuangang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yawei Bian
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Department III of General Surgery, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Furong He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Zou G, Huang Y, Zhang S, Ko KP, Kim B, Zhang J, Venkatesan V, Pizzi MP, Fan Y, Jun S, Niu N, Wang H, Song S, Ajani JA, Park JI. E-cadherin loss drives diffuse-type gastric tumorigenesis via EZH2-mediated reprogramming. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230561. [PMID: 38411616 PMCID: PMC10899090 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma (DGAC) is a deadly cancer often diagnosed late and resistant to treatment. While hereditary DGAC is linked to CDH1 mutations, the role of CDH1/E-cadherin inactivation in sporadic DGAC tumorigenesis remains elusive. We discovered CDH1 inactivation in a subset of DGAC patient tumors. Analyzing single-cell transcriptomes in malignant ascites, we identified two DGAC subtypes: DGAC1 (CDH1 loss) and DGAC2 (lacking immune response). DGAC1 displayed distinct molecular signatures, activated DGAC-related pathways, and an abundance of exhausted T cells in ascites. Genetically engineered murine gastric organoids showed that Cdh1 knock-out (KO), KrasG12D, Trp53 KO (EKP) accelerates tumorigenesis with immune evasion compared with KrasG12D, Trp53 KO (KP). We also identified EZH2 as a key mediator promoting CDH1 loss-associated DGAC tumorigenesis. These findings highlight DGAC's molecular diversity and potential for personalized treatment in CDH1-inactivated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyi Zou
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanjian Huang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengzhe Zhang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyung-Pil Ko
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vishwa Venkatesan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa P. Pizzi
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sohee Jun
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Chen Z, Wu FF, Li J, Dong JB, He HY, Li XF, Lu Q, Zhang WX, Shao CM, Yao ZN, Lin N, Ye ZM, Xu JT, Li HY. Investigating the synergy of Shikonin and Valproic acid in inducing apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells via ROS-mediated EGR1 expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155459. [PMID: 38417243 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent malignant bone tumour with a poor prognosis. Shikonin (SHK) is derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Lithospermum that has been extensively studied for its notable anti-tumour effects, including for osteosarcoma. However, its application has certain limitations. Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) that has recently been employed as an adjunctive therapeutic agent that allows chromatin to assume a more relaxed state, thereby enhancing anti-tumour efficacy. PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the synergistic anti-tumour efficacy of SHK in combination with VPA and elucidate its underlying mechanism. METHODS/STUDY DESIGN CCK-8 assays were utilized to calculate the combination index. Additional assays, including colony formation, acridine orange/ethidium bromide double fluorescent staining, and flow cytometry, were employed to evaluate the effects on osteosarcoma cells. Wound healing and transwell assays were utilized to assess cell mobility. RNA sequencing, PCR, and Western blot analyses were conducted to uncover the underlying mechanism. Rescue experiments were performed to validate the mechanism of apoptotic induction. The impact of SHK and VPA combination treatment on primary osteosarcoma cells was also assessed. Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted to validate its anti-tumour effects and mechanism. RESULTS The combination of SHK and VPA synergistically inhibited the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and induced apoptosis in these cells. Through a comprehensive analysis involving RNA sequencing, PCR, Western blot, and rescue experiments, we have substantiated our hypothesis that the combination of SHK and VPA induced apoptosis via the ROS-EGR1-Bax axis. Importantly, our in vivo experiments corroborated these findings, demonstrating the potential of the SHK and VPA combination as a promising therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma. CONCLUSION The combination of SHK and VPA exerted an anti-tumour effect by inducing apoptosis through the ROS-EGR1-Bax pathway. Repurposing the old drug VPA demonstrated its effectiveness as an adjunctive therapeutic agent for SHK, enhancing its anti-tumour efficacy and revealing its potential value. Furthermore, our study expanded the application of natural compounds in the anti-tumour field and overcame some of their limitations through combination therapy. Finally, we enhanced the understanding of the mechanistic pathways linking reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, we elucidated the role of EGR1 in osteosarcoma cells, offering novel strategies and concepts for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Feng-Feng Wu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; The Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Huzhou Basic and Clinical Translation of Orthopaedics Key Laboratory, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jia-Bao Dong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hong-Yi He
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiong-Feng Li
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; The Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Huzhou Basic and Clinical Translation of Orthopaedics Key Laboratory, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qian Lu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; The Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Huzhou Basic and Clinical Translation of Orthopaedics Key Laboratory, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chang-Ming Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhao-Nong Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Nong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhao-Ming Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jun-Tao Xu
- Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Heng-Yuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Chen L, Deng X, Liu H, Peng X. PSMA2 promotes glioma proliferation and migration via EMT. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155278. [PMID: 38574629 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas advance rapidly and are associated with a poor prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accelerates the progression of gliomas, exerting a pivotal role in glioma development. Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 (PSMA2) exhibits high expression levels in gliomas. however, its specific involvement in glioma progression and its correlation with EMT remain elusive. This study aims to elucidate the role of PSMA2 in glioma progression and its potential association with EMT. METHODS Online tools were employed to analyze the expression patterns and survival curves of PSMA2 in gliomas. The relationship between PSMA2 and various characteristics of glioma patients was investigated using data from the TCGA and CGGA databases. In vitro, cell proliferation and migration were assessed through CCK-8, colony formation, and transwell assays. Furthermore, a tumor xenograft model in nude mice was established to evaluate in vivo tumorigenesis. Protein binding to PSMA2 was scrutinized using co-immunoprecipitation MS (co-IP MS). The potential biological functions and molecular pathways associated with PSMA2 were explored through GO analysis and KEGG analysis, and the correlation between PSMA2 and EMT was validated through correlation analysis and Western blot experiments. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant upregulation of PSMA2 across various cancers, with particularly heightened expression in gliomas. Moreover, elevated PSMA2 levels were correlated with advanced tumor stages and diminished survival rates among glioma patients. Inhibition of PSMA2 demonstrated a pronounced suppressive effect on glioma cell proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of PSMA2 also impeded the migratory capacity of glioma cells. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that PSMA2-binding proteins (identified through Co-IP-MS) were associated with cell adhesion molecule binding and cadherin binding. Western blot results further confirmed the role of PSMA2 in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioma cells. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence supporting the role of PSMA2 as a regulatory factor in EMT and suggests its potential as a prognostic biomarker for glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zijin Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaodong People's Hospital, Shaodong, Hunan 422800, China
| | - Le Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xingyan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Huaizheng Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Xiangdong Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Rabino A, Awadia S, Ali N, Edson A, Garcia-Mata R. The Scribble/SGEF/Dlg1 complex regulates the stability of apical junctions in epithelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586884. [PMID: 38585765 PMCID: PMC10996629 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
SGEF, a RhoG specific GEF, can form a ternary complex with the Scribble polarity complex proteins Scribble and Dlg1, which regulates the formation and maintenance of adherens junctions and barrier function of epithelial cells. Notably, silencing SGEF results in a dramatic downregulation of the expression of both E-cadherin and ZO-1. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of this pathway are not known. Here, we describe a novel signaling pathway governed by the Scribble/SGEF/Dlg1 complex. Our results show that an intact ternary complex is required to maintain the stability of the apical junctions, the expression of ZO-1, and TJ permeability. In contrast, only SGEF is necessary to regulate E-cadherin expression. The absence of SGEF destabilizes the E-cadherin/catenin complex at the membrane, triggering a positive feedback loop that exacerbates the phenotype through the repression of E-cadherin transcription in a process that involves the internalization of E-cadherin by endocytosis, β-catenin signaling and the transcriptional repressor Slug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Rabino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sahezeel Awadia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nabaa Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Amber Edson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rafael Garcia-Mata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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10
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Kheraldine H, Gupta I, Cyprian FS, Vranic S, Al-Farsi HF, Merhi M, Dermime S, Al Moustafa AE. Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer cells by a combination of dasatinib and BMS-202: Insight into the molecular pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:94. [PMID: 38431613 PMCID: PMC10909263 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent investigations have reported the benefits of using a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dasatinib (DA), as well as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in the management of several solid tumors, including breast cancer. Nevertheless, the outcome of the combination of these inhibitors on HER2-positive breast cancer is not explored yet. METHODS Herein, we investigated the impact of DA and PD-L1 inhibitor (BMS-202) combination on HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and ZR75. RESULTS Our data reveal that the combination significantly inhibits cell viability of both cancer cell lines as compared to monotreatment. Moreover, the combination inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression and reduces cancer cell invasion by restoring E-cadherin and β-catenin expressions and loss of vimentin, major biomarkers of EMT. Additionally, the combination reduces the colony formation of both cell lines in comparison with their matched control. Also, the combination considerably inhibits the angiogenesis of the chorioallantoic membrane model compared with monotreatment. Molecular pathway analysis of treated cells shows that this combination blocks HER2, AKT, β-catenin, and JNK1/2/3 activities. CONCLUSION Our findings implicate that a combination of DA and BMS-202 could have a significant impact on the management of HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Kheraldine
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Farhan Sachal Cyprian
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halema F Al-Farsi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Tafrihi M, Naeimi A, Eizadifard F. Methanolic extract of Teucrium persicum up-regulates and induces the membrane restoration of E-cadherin protein in PC-3 cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1034-1043. [PMID: 36970877 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2196058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Teucrium persicum Boiss. an Iranian endemic plant is used in Iranian traditional medicine. E-cadherin transmembrane protein participates in adherens junctions and is the main partner for β-catenin protein. The GC-MS analysis was used to detect the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract. Its effects on the transcription of the E-cadherin encoding gene, cellular levels, and localization of E-cadherin protein in PC-3 cells were investigated. About 70 chemical constituents were identified. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and western blotting results revealed the restoration of E-cadherin protein at cell adhesion contact sites in cells treated with T. persicum extract. Gene expression studies revealed that the extract increased the transcription of the E-cadherin encoding gene in PC-3 cells. These results suggest that T. persicum extract may contain potent compounds that provide further support for the anticancer properties of T. persicum. Surely, detailed molecular investigations are needed to find the mechanism(s) behind these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Tafrihi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Anahita Naeimi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eizadifard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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12
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Chen L, Shan X, Wan X, Zha W, Fan R. HOMER3 promotes liver hepatocellular carcinoma cancer progression by -upregulating EZH2 and mediating miR-361/GPNMB axis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155150. [PMID: 38266459 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is among the most lethal human cancers. Studies have shown that Homer scaffold protein 3 (HOMER3) plays important roles in various diseases and cancers, but its biological function and molecular mechanism in LIHC have never been investigated. Our study discovered the aberrantly high expression of HOMER3 and its promising diagnostic and prognostic significance in LIHC. Functionally, HOMER3 knockdown inhibited the proliferative and migrative abilities of LIHC cells and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanically, HOMER3 mediated the aggressiveness of LIHC cells via GPNMB. Meanwhile, miR-361 directly targeted GPNMB and attenuated LIHC progression by suppressing GPNMB expression. The regulatory effect of HOMER3 during LIHC progression was exerted through the miR-361/GPNMB axis. Furthermore, EZH2 supplementation or miR-361 depletion effectively abated the tumor-suppressive effect of HOMER3 knockdown on LIHC progression. In conclusion, HOMER3 mediated LIHC progression through the EZH2/miR-361/GPNMB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Medical College of Nantong University, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China
| | - Xinqiang Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China
| | - Wenzhang Zha
- Department of General Surgery, the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China
| | - Rengen Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China.
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13
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Kang YL, Kim J, Kwak SB, Kim YS, Huh J, Park JW. The polyol pathway and nuclear ketohexokinase A signaling drive hyperglycemia-induced metastasis of gastric cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:220-234. [PMID: 38200154 PMCID: PMC10834943 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes might be associated with increased cancer risk, with several studies reporting hyperglycemia as a primary oncogenic stimulant. Since glucose metabolism is linked to numerous metabolic pathways, it is difficult to specify the mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia-induced cancer progression. Here, we focused on the polyol pathway, which is dramatically activated under hyperglycemia and causes diabetic complications. We investigated whether polyol pathway-derived fructose facilitates hyperglycemia-induced gastric cancer metastasis. We performed bioinformatics analysis of gastric cancer datasets and immunohistochemical analyses of gastric cancer specimens, followed by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to evaluate phenotypic changes in gastric cancer cells. Consequently, we found a clinical association between the polyol pathway and gastric cancer progression. In gastric cancer cell lines, hyperglycemia enhanced cell migration and invasion, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The hyperglycemia-induced acquisition of metastatic potential was mediated by increased fructose derived from the polyol pathway, which stimulated the nuclear ketohexokinase-A (KHK-A) signaling pathway, thereby inducing EMT by repressing the CDH1 gene. In two different xenograft models of cancer metastasis, gastric cancers overexpressing AKR1B1 were found to be highly metastatic in diabetic mice, but these effects of AKR1B1 were attenuated by KHK-A knockdown. In conclusion, hyperglycemia induces fructose formation through the polyol pathway, which in turn stimulates the KHK-A signaling pathway, driving gastric cancer metastasis by inducing EMT. Thus, the polyol and KHK-A signaling pathways could be potential therapeutic targets to decrease the metastatic risk in gastric cancer patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Lim Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Education Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Education Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Su-Bin Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Education Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Education Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Education Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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14
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Seo H, Bazer FW, Johnson GA. Early Syncytialization of the Ovine Placenta Revisited. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:127-142. [PMID: 37996676 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Placentation is the development of a temporary arrangement between the maternal uterus and blastocyst-derived placental tissues designed to transport nutrients, gases, and other products from the mother to the embryo and fetus. Placentation differs histologically among species, but all types of placentation share the common trait of utilizing highly complex cell-to-cell and tissue-to-tissue morphological and biochemical interactions to remodel the uterine-placental interface. An elegant series of electron microscopy (EM) images supports the classification of ovine placentation as synepitheliochorial, because uterine luminal epithelial (LE) cells are maintained at the uterine-placental interface through incorporation into trophoblast syncytial plaques. In this review, we utilize immunofluorescence microscopy to provide further insights into early syncytialization of the ovine placenta. These observations, based on results using immunofluorescence microscopy, complement and expand, not replace, our understanding of syncytialization in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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15
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Di Giorgio E, Cortolezzis Y, Gualandi N, Agostini F, Rapozzi V, Xodo LE. NRF2 interacts with distal enhancer and inhibits nitric oxide synthase 2 expression in KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119606. [PMID: 37852325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a pleiotropic free radical produced by three nitric oxide synthases (NOS1-3), of which inducible NOS2 is involved in tumor initiation and progression. In this study, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and qRT-PCR experiments combined with bioinformatic analyses showed that NRF2 is a repressor of NOS2 gene by maintaining a distal enhancer located 22 kb downstream of TSS in an inactive state. Deletion of NRF2 leads to activation of the enhancer, which exerts a pioneering function before it is fully activated. Specifically, NRF2 controls the expression of NOS2 in response to intracellular oxidative stress and extracellular oxygen pressure. We found that abrogation of NOS2 expression by siRNAs partially reduced the ability of WT Panc-1 cells to form 3D spheroids, but strongly reduced the formation of 3D spheroids by NRF2-depleted Panc-1 cells. Mechanistically, this effect correlates with the finding that NOS2 and nitric oxide stimulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in NRF2-depleted Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. We also found that knockdown of NOS2 leads to blockade of 3D matrigel invasion of NRF2-depleted PDAC cells, demonstrating that a short-circuit in the reciprocal regulation of NOS2 and NRF2 attenuates the malignancy of PDAC cells. In summary, we show for the first time that: (i) NRF2 is a suppressor of NOS2 in pancreatic cancer cells; (ii) NRF2 binds to and inactivates an enhancer located 22 kb downstream of TSS of the NOS2 gene; (iii) activation of NOS2 requires suppression of NRF2; (iv) NOS2 is required for NRF2-depleted Panc-1 cells to maintain their malignancy and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Cortolezzis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Nicolò Gualandi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Agostini
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi E Xodo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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16
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Mukherjee S, Goswami S, Dash S, Samanta D. Structural basis of molecular recognition among classical cadherins mediating cell adhesion. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2103-2115. [PMID: 37970977 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadherins are type-I membrane glycoproteins that primarily participate in calcium-dependent cell adhesion and homotypic cell sorting in various stages of embryonic development. Besides their crucial role in cellular and physiological processes, increasing studies highlight their involvement in pathophysiological functions ranging from cancer progression and metastasis to being entry receptors for pathogens. Cadherins mediate these cellular processes through homophilic, as well as heterophilic interactions (within and outside the superfamily) by their membrane distal ectodomains. This review provides an in-depth structural perspective of molecular recognition among type-I and type-II classical cadherins. Furthermore, this review offers structural insights into different dimeric assemblies like the 'strand-swap dimer' and 'X-dimer' as well as mechanisms relating these dimer forms like 'two-step adhesion' and 'encounter complex'. Alongside providing structural details, this review connects structural studies to bond mechanics merging crystallographic and single-molecule force spectroscopic findings. Finally, the review discusses the recent discoveries on dimeric intermediates that uncover prospects of further research beyond two-step adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbartha Mukherjee
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Saumyadeep Goswami
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sagarika Dash
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Samanta
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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17
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Monavarian M, Page EF, Rajkarnikar R, Kumari A, Macias LQ, Massicano F, Lee NY, Sahoo S, Hempel N, Jolly MK, Ianov L, Worthey E, Singh A, Broude EV, Mythreye K. Development of adaptive anoikis resistance promotes metastasis that can be overcome by CDK8/19 Mediator kinase inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.04.569970. [PMID: 38106208 PMCID: PMC10723298 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.569970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Anoikis resistance or evasion of cell death triggered by cell detachment into suspension is a hallmark of cancer that is concurrent with cell survival and metastasis. The effects of frequent matrix detachment encounters on the development of anoikis resistance in cancer remains poorly defined. Here we show using a panel of ovarian cancer models, that repeated exposure to suspension stress in vitro followed by attached recovery growth leads to the development of anoikis resistance paralleling in vivo development of anoikis resistance in ovarian cancer ascites. This resistance is concurrent with enhanced invasion, chemoresistance and the ability of anoikis adapted cells to metastasize to distant sites. Adapted anoikis resistant cells show a heightened dependency on oxidative phosphorylation and can also evade immune surveillance. We find that such acquired anoikis resistance is not genetic, as acquired resistance persists for a finite duration in the absence of suspension stress. Transcriptional reprogramming is however essential to this process, as acquisition of adaptive anoikis resistance in vitro and in vivo is exquisitely sensitive to inhibition of CDK8/19 Mediator kinase, a pleiotropic regulator of transcriptional reprogramming. Our data demonstrate that growth after recovery from repeated exposure to suspension stress is a direct contributor to metastasis and that inhibition of CDK8/19 Mediator kinase during such adaptation provides a therapeutic opportunity to prevent both local and distant metastasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Monavarian
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Emily Faith Page
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Resha Rajkarnikar
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Asha Kumari
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Liz Quintero Macias
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Felipe Massicano
- UAB Biological Data Science Core, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA 15213
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Lara Ianov
- UAB Biological Data Science Core, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth Worthey
- UAB Biological Data Science Core, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Eugenia V Broude
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
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18
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Sijnesael T, Richard F, Rätze MA, Koorman T, Bassey-Archibong B, Rohof C, Daniel J, Desmedt C, Derksen PW. Canonical Kaiso target genes define a functional signature that associates with breast cancer survival and the invasive lobular carcinoma histological type. J Pathol 2023; 261:477-489. [PMID: 37737015 DOI: 10.1002/path.6205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a low- to intermediate-grade histological breast cancer type caused by mutational inactivation of E-cadherin function, resulting in the acquisition of anchorage independence (anoikis resistance). Most ILC cases express estrogen receptors, but options are limited in relapsed endocrine-refractory disease as ILC tends to be less responsive to standard chemotherapy. Moreover, ILC can relapse after >15 years, an event that currently cannot be predicted. E-cadherin inactivation leads to p120-catenin-dependent relief of the transcriptional repressor Kaiso (ZBTB33) and activation of canonical Kaiso target genes. Here, we examined whether an anchorage-independent and ILC-specific transcriptional program correlated with clinical parameters in breast cancer. Based on the presence of a canonical Kaiso-binding consensus sequence (cKBS) in the promoters of genes that are upregulated under anchorage-independent conditions, we defined an ILC-specific anoikis resistance transcriptome (ART). Converting the ART genes into human orthologs and adding published Kaiso target genes resulted in the Kaiso-specific ART (KART) 33-gene signature, used subsequently to study correlations with histological and clinical variables in primary breast cancer. Using publicly available data for ERPOS Her2NEG breast cancer, we found that expression of KART was positively associated with the histological ILC breast cancer type (p < 2.7E-07). KART expression associated with younger patients in all invasive breast cancers and smaller tumors in invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST) (<2 cm, p < 6.3E-10). We observed associations with favorable long-term prognosis in both ILC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.29-0.91, p < 3.4E-02) and IDC-NST (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.66-0.93, p < 1.2E-04). Our analysis thus defines a new mRNA expression signature for human breast cancer based on canonical Kaiso target genes that are upregulated in E-cadherin deficient ILC. The KART signature may enable a deeper understanding of ILC biology and etiology. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijmen Sijnesael
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - François Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Ak Rätze
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christa Rohof
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juliet Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Wb Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Zheng S, Wang X, Matskova L, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Kashuba E, Ernberg I, Aspenström P. MTSS1 is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which disrupts adherens junctions leading to enhanced cell migration and invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275668. [PMID: 37920825 PMCID: PMC10618355 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of cell-cell adhesions is the indispensable first step for cancer cells to depart from the primary tumor mass to metastasize. Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) is frequently lost in metastatic tissues, correlating to advanced tumor stages and poor prognosis across a variety of cancers. Here we explore the anti-metastatic mechanisms of MTSS1, which have not been well understood. We found that MTSS1 is downregulated in NPC tissues. Lower levels of MTSS1 expression correlate to worse prognosis. We show that MTSS1 suppresses NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro through cytoskeletal remodeling at cell-cell borders and assembly of E-cadherin/β-catenin/F-actin in adherens junctions. The I-BAR domain of MTSS1 was both necessary and sufficient to restore this formation of E-cadherin/β-catenin/F-actin-mediated cell adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Scientific Research Centre, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Elena Kashuba
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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García-Trevijano ER, Ortiz-Zapater E, Gimeno A, Viña JR, Zaragozá R. Calpains, the proteases of two faces controlling the epithelial homeostasis in mammary gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1249317. [PMID: 37795261 PMCID: PMC10546029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1249317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpain-1 and calpain-2 are calcium-dependent Cys-proteases ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues with a processive, rather than degradative activity. They are crucial for physiological mammary gland homeostasis as well as for breast cancer progression. A growing number of evidences indicate that their pleiotropic functions depend on the cell type, tissue and biological context where they are expressed or dysregulated. This review considers these standpoints to cover the paradoxical role of calpain-1 and -2 in the mammary tissue either, under the physiological conditions of the postlactational mammary gland regression or the pathological context of breast cancer. The role of both calpains will be examined and discussed in both conditions, followed by a brief snapshot on the present and future challenges for calpains, the two-gateway proteases towards tissue homeostasis or tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. García-Trevijano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Gimeno
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Zhang H, Li Z, Jiang J, Lei Y, Xie J, Liu Y, Yi B. SNTB1 regulates colorectal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through YAP1 and the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1865-1883. [PMID: 37592763 PMCID: PMC10599191 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2244778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common type of digestive tract cancer with a significant morbidity and death rate across the world, partially attributing to the metastasis-associated problems. In this study, integrative bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify genes that might contribute to colorectal cancer metastasis, and 293 genes were dramatically increased and 369 genes were decreased within colon cancer samples. Among up-regulated genes, top five genes correlated with colorectal cancer patient's prognosis were verified for expression in clinical samples and syntrophin beta 1 (SNTB1) was the most up-regulated. In vitro, SNTB1 knockdown suppresses the malignant behaviors of colorectal cancer cells, including cell viability, colony formation capacity, as well as the abilities to migrate and invade. Furthermore, SNTB1 knockdown decreased the levels of Wnt1, C-Jun, C-Myc, TCF7, and cyclin D1, and inhibited EMT in both cell lines. In vivo, SNTB1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice models. SNTB1 positively regulated Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) expression; YAP1 partially reversed the effects of SNTB1 on colorectal cancer cell phenotypes and the Wnt/β-catenin/MYC signaling. In conclusion, SNTB1 knockdown inhibits colorectal cancer cell aggressiveness in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo through the Wnt/β-catenin/MYC signaling; YAP1 might mediate SNTB1 functions on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingmao Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Wu X, Zhang X, Liu P, Wang Y. Involvement of Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) in the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer via deubiquitinating HDAC6. Pancreatology 2023; 23:630-641. [PMID: 37460341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a common digestive system cancer and one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) protein is a deubiquitinating enzyme implicated in the occurrence of diverse human cancers. The potential role of ATXN3 in pancreatic cancer still remains unclear. METHODS ATXN3 was screened from differentially-upregulated genes of GSE71989, GSE27890 and GSE40098 datasets. The mRNA and protein levels of ATXN3 was evaluated in pancreatic cancer samples and cell lines. Through the gain- and loss-of-function experiments, the effects of ATXN3 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, wound healing and Transwell assays. Subsequently, the interaction between ATXN3 and HDAC6 was confirmed using double immunofluorescence staining, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and proximity ligation assay (PLA). The underlying mechanism of ATXN3 was determined by knockdown of HDAC6 in ATXN3-upregulated pancreatic cancer cells. The function of ATXN3 in vivo was verified through xenograft assay. RESULTS High expression of ATXN3 was found in pancreatic cancer tissues. Increased ATXN3 expression dramatically promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The malignant phenotypes were suppressed in ATXN3-silenced pancreatic cancer cells. ATXN3 was proved to interact with HDAC6 and regulate its degradation through deubiquitination. Downregulation of HDAC6 inhibited ATXN3-induced development of pancreatic cancer cells through regulating the expression of PCNA, vimentin and E-cadherin. ATXN3 facilitated tumor growth of pancreatic cancer and increased HDAC6 expression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that ATXN3 facilitated malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer via reducing the ubiquitination of HDAC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, PR China.
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23
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Olukoya AO, Stires H, Bahnassy S, Persaud S, Guerra Y, Ranjit S, Ma S, Cruz MI, Benitez C, Rozeboom AM, Ceuleers H, Berry DL, Jacobsen BM, Raj GV, Riggins RB. Riluzole Suppresses Growth and Enhances Response to Endocrine Therapy in ER+ Breast Cancer. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad117. [PMID: 37766843 PMCID: PMC10521904 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer remains a significant clinical problem. Riluzole is FDA-approved for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A benzothiazole-based glutamate release inhibitor with several context-dependent mechanism(s) of action, riluzole has shown antitumor activity in multiple malignancies, including melanoma, glioblastoma, and breast cancer. We previously reported that the acquisition of tamoxifen resistance in a cellular model of invasive lobular breast cancer is accompanied by the upregulation of GRM mRNA expression and growth inhibition by riluzole. Methods We tested the ability of riluzole to reduce cell growth, alone and in combination with endocrine therapy, in a diverse set of ER+ invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer-derived cell lines, primary breast tumor explant cultures, and the estrogen-independent, ESR1-mutated invasive lobular breast cancer patient-derived xenograft model HCI-013EI. Results Single-agent riluzole suppressed the growth of ER+ invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer cell lines in vitro, inducing a histologic subtype-associated cell cycle arrest (G0-G1 for ductal, G2-M for lobular). Riluzole induced apoptosis and ferroptosis and reduced phosphorylation of multiple prosurvival signaling molecules, including Akt/mTOR, CREB, and Fak/Src family kinases. Riluzole, in combination with either fulvestrant or 4-hydroxytamoxifen, additively suppressed ER+ breast cancer cell growth in vitro. Single-agent riluzole significantly inhibited HCI-013EI patient-derived xenograft growth in vivo, and the combination of riluzole plus fulvestrant significantly reduced proliferation in ex vivo primary breast tumor explant cultures. Conclusion Riluzole may offer therapeutic benefits in diverse ER+ breast cancers, including lobular breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O Olukoya
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hillary Stires
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shaymaa Bahnassy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sonali Persaud
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yanira Guerra
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shihong Ma
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Carlos Benitez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Aaron M Rozeboom
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Deborah L Berry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Britta M Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rebecca B Riggins
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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24
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Sivasankar S, Xie B. Engineering the Interactions of Classical Cadherin Cell-Cell Adhesion Proteins. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:343-349. [PMID: 37459190 PMCID: PMC10361579 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Classical cadherins are calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion proteins that play key roles in the formation and maintenance of tissues. Deficiencies in cadherin adhesion are hallmarks of numerous cancers. In this article, we review recent biophysical studies on the regulation of cadherin structure and adhesion. We begin by reviewing distinct cadherin binding conformations, their biophysical properties, and their response to mechanical stimuli. We then describe biophysical guidelines for engineering Abs that can regulate adhesion by either stabilizing or destabilizing cadherin interactions. Finally, we review molecular mechanisms by which cytoplasmic proteins regulate the conformation of cadherin extracellular regions from the inside out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevi Sivasankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Bin Xie
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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25
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Lin WH, Cooper LM, Anastasiadis PZ. Cadherins and catenins in cancer: connecting cancer pathways and tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1137013. [PMID: 37255594 PMCID: PMC10225604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1137013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-catenin complexes are integral components of the adherens junctions crucial for cell-cell adhesion and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these complexes is linked to cancer development via alteration of cell-autonomous oncogenic signaling pathways and extrinsic tumor microenvironment. Advances in multiomics have uncovered key signaling events in multiple cancer types, creating a need for a better understanding of the crosstalk between cadherin-catenin complexes and oncogenic pathways. In this review, we focus on the biological functions of classical cadherins and associated catenins, describe how their dysregulation influences major cancer pathways, and discuss feedback regulation mechanisms between cadherin complexes and cellular signaling. We discuss evidence of cross regulation in the following contexts: Hippo-Yap/Taz and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, key pathways involved in cell proliferation and growth; Wnt, Notch, and hedgehog signaling, key developmental pathways involved in human cancer; as well as TGFβ and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, an important process for cancer cell plasticity. Moreover, we briefly explore the role of cadherins and catenins in mechanotransduction and the immune tumor microenvironment.
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26
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Roelofs PA, Martens JW, Harris RS, Span PN. Clinical Implications of APOBEC3-Mediated Mutagenesis in Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1658-1669. [PMID: 36478188 PMCID: PMC10159886 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, members of the APOBEC3 family of cytosine deaminases have been implicated in increased cancer genome mutagenesis, thereby contributing to intratumor and intertumor genomic heterogeneity and therapy resistance in, among others, breast cancer. Understanding the available methods for clinical detection of these enzymes, the conditions required for their (dysregulated) expression, the clinical impact they have, and the clinical implications they may offer is crucial in understanding the current impact of APOBEC3-mediated mutagenesis in breast cancer. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of recent developments in the detection of APOBEC3-mediated mutagenesis and responsible APOBEC3 enzymes, summarize the pathways that control their expression, and explore the clinical ramifications and opportunities they pose. We propose that APOBEC3-mediated mutagenesis can function as a helpful predictive biomarker in several standard-of-care breast cancer treatment plans and may be a novel target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A. Roelofs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John W.M. Martens
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Paul N. Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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27
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Li XM, Zhao ZY, Yu X, Xia QD, Zhou P, Wang SG, Wu HL, Hu J. Exploiting E3 ubiquitin ligases to reeducate the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 36998063 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractTumor development relies on a complex and aberrant tissue environment in which cancer cells receive the necessary nutrients for growth, survive through immune escape, and acquire mesenchymal properties that mediate invasion and metastasis. Stromal cells and soluble mediators in the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit characteristic anti-inflammatory and protumorigenic activities. Ubiquitination, which is an essential and reversible posttranscriptional modification, plays a vital role in modulating the stability, activity and localization of modified proteins through an enzymatic cascade. This review was motivated by accumulating evidence that a series of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) finely target multiple signaling pathways, transcription factors and key enzymes to govern the functions of almost all components of the TME. In this review, we systematically summarize the key substrate proteins involved in the formation of the TME and the E3 ligases and DUBs that recognize these proteins. In addition, several promising techniques for targeted protein degradation by hijacking the intracellular E3 ubiquitin-ligase machinery are introduced.
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28
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Histone Modifications Represent a Key Epigenetic Feature of Epithelial-to-Mesenchyme Transition in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054820. [PMID: 36902253 PMCID: PMC10003015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignant diseases due to its high invasiveness, early metastatic properties, rapid disease progression, and typically late diagnosis. Notably, the capacity for pancreatic cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is key to their tumorigenic and metastatic potential, and is a feature that can explain the therapeutic resistance of such cancers to treatment. Epigenetic modifications are a central molecular feature of EMT, for which histone modifications are most prevalent. The modification of histones is a dynamic process typically carried out by pairs of reverse catalytic enzymes, and the functions of these enzymes are increasingly relevant to our improved understanding of cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms through which histone-modifying enzymes regulate EMT in pancreatic cancer.
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29
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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Phenotypic Marker Evaluation in Human, Canine, and Feline Mammary Gland Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050878. [PMID: 36899736 PMCID: PMC10000046 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties. EMT has been closely associated with cancer cell aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of EMT-associated markers in mammary tumors of humans (HBC), dogs (CMT), and cats (FMT). Real-time qPCR for SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB, and immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin, vimentin, CD44, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), ERBB2, Ki-67, cytokeratin (CK) 8/18, CK5/6, and CK14 were performed. Overall, SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB mRNA was lower in tumors than in healthy tissues. Vimentin was higher in triple-negative HBC (TNBC) and FMTs than in ER+ HBC and CMTs (p < 0.001). Membranous E-cadherin was higher in ER+ than in TNBCs (p < 0.001), whereas cytoplasmic E-cadherin was higher in TNBCs when compared with ER+ HBC (p < 0.001). A negative correlation between membranous and cytoplasmic E-cadherin was found in all three species. Ki-67 was higher in FMTs than in CMTs (p < 0.001), whereas CD44 was higher in CMTs than in FMTs (p < 0.001). These results confirmed a potential role of some markers as indicators of EMT, and suggested similarities between ER+ HBC and CMTs, and between TNBC and FMTs.
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30
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Yao Y, Feng S, Li X, Liu T, Ye S, Ma L, Man S. Litchi procyanidins inhibit colon cancer proliferation and metastasis by triggering gut-lung axis immunotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:109. [PMID: 36774343 PMCID: PMC9922286 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Litchi chinensis seed, as a valuable by-product of the subtropical fruit litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), has been confirmed to be rich in procyanidins (LPC). The anticarcinogenic properties of procyanidins has been primarily attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is a comparative paucity of information on if and how LPC inhibits colon cancer. Here, LPC significantly inhibited CT26 colon cancer cells proliferation and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. In CT26 lung metastatic mice, the anti-metastatic effect of LPC relied on its regulation of gut microbiota such as increase of Lachnospiraceae UCG-006, Ruminococcus, and their metabolites such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. In addition, LPC significantly inhibited CT26 colon cancer cells metastasis through increasing CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltration and decreasing the number of macrophages. Antibiotics treatment demonstrated that the therapeutic effect of LPC depended on the gut microbiota, which regulated T cells immune response. Taken together, LPC had strong inhibitory effects on colon cancer pulmonary metastasis by triggering gut-lung axis to influence the T cells immune response. Our research provides a novel finding for the utilization of procyanidins in the future, that is, supplementing more fruits and vegetables rich in procyanidins is beneficial to the treatment of colon cancer, or it can be used as an adjuvant drug in clinical anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Suya Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Taohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shengying Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The 983th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 300142, China.
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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31
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Hudock KM, Collins MS, Imbrogno MA, Kramer EL, Brewington JJ, Ziady A, Zhang N, Snowball J, Xu Y, Carey BC, Horio Y, O’Grady SM, Kopras EJ, Meeker J, Morgan H, Ostmann AJ, Skala E, Siefert ME, Na CL, Davidson CR, Gollomp K, Mangalmurti N, Trapnell BC, Clancy JP. Alpha-1 antitrypsin limits neutrophil extracellular trap disruption of airway epithelial barrier function. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1023553. [PMID: 36703990 PMCID: PMC9872031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to lung injury in cystic fibrosis and asthma, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to understand the impact of human NETs on barrier function in primary human bronchial epithelial and a human airway epithelial cell line. We demonstrate that NETs disrupt airway epithelial barrier function by decreasing transepithelial electrical resistance and increasing paracellular flux, partially by NET-induced airway cell apoptosis. NETs selectively impact the expression of tight junction genes claudins 4, 8 and 11. Bronchial epithelia exposed to NETs demonstrate visible gaps in E-cadherin staining, a decrease in full-length E-cadherin protein and the appearance of cleaved E-cadherin peptides. Pretreatment of NETs with alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) inhibits NET serine protease activity, limits E-cadherin cleavage, decreases bronchial cell apoptosis and preserves epithelial integrity. In conclusion, NETs disrupt human airway epithelial barrier function through bronchial cell death and degradation of E-cadherin, which are limited by exogenous A1AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Hudock
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,*Correspondence: K. M. Hudock,
| | - M. S. Collins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - M. A. Imbrogno
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - E. L. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. J. Brewington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - A. Ziady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - N. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. Snowball
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Y. Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - B. C. Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Y. Horio
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - S. M. O’Grady
- Departments of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - E. J. Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. Meeker
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - H. Morgan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - A. J. Ostmann
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - E. Skala
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - M. E. Siefert
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - C. L. Na
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - C. R. Davidson
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - K. Gollomp
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N. Mangalmurti
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Pennsylvania Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - B. C. Trapnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. P. Clancy
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Niu ZS, Wang WH, Niu XJ. Recent progress in molecular mechanisms of postoperative recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6433-6477. [PMID: 36569275 PMCID: PMC9782839 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i46.6433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatectomy is currently considered the most effective option for treating patients with early and intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, the postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC remains unsatisfactory, predominantly because of high postoperative metastasis and recurrence rates. Therefore, research on the molecular mechanisms of postoperative HCC metastasis and recurrence will help develop effective intervention measures to prevent or delay HCC metastasis and recurrence and to improve the long-term survival of HCC patients. Herein, we review the latest research progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying postoperative HCC metastasis and recurrence to lay a foundation for improving the understanding of HCC metastasis and recurrence and for developing more precise prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Shan Niu
- Laboratory of Micromorphology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qingdao Shibei District People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. E-Cadherin Expression in Relation to Clinicopathological Parameters and Survival of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214383. [PMID: 36430858 PMCID: PMC9695266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that loss/reduction of E-cadherin expression on tumor cells promotes their migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. It is also an indicator of cancer cells' aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to assess how the expression of E-cadherin varies in primary ovarian cancer tissue in regard to overall survival of patients; FIGO stage; grade; histopathological type of tumor; and potential factors discriminating malignant and nonmalignant ovarian tumors. Our analysis was based on literature research (1 January 2000-8 November 2021) conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Most studies support the assumption that loss/reduced expression of E-cadherin results in shorter overall survival of EOC patients. Moreover, most research has shown that there is a correlation between the low level of E-cadherin and the advancement stage of disease, especially in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma type. However, E-cadherin expression seems to not be helpful to distinguish malignant and nonmalignant tumors. In conclusion, reduced E-cadherin expression in primary ovarian cancer tissue may indicate a less favorable disease outcome and is associated with high advancement of the disease.
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SIRT2 promotes the viability, invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the degradation of Snail. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:935. [PMID: 36344502 PMCID: PMC9640536 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas (OS) are highly metastatic and usually lead to poor outcomes. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is reported to be a critical event in metastasis. SIRT2 exerts dual functions in many different tumors. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of SIRT2 in osteosarcoma cell metastasis and the question of whether SIRT2 regulates EMT have not been fully explored. In this study, we confirmed that SIRT2 was highly-expressed in human osteosarcoma MG63 and Saos-2 cell lines. The viability, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells were inhibited by knockdown of SIRT2 and were enhanced by overexpression of SIRT2. Moreover, SIRT2 positively regulated EMT and upregulated the protein levels of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and Vimentin and the levels of MMP2 and MMP9. A xenograft mouse model showed that SIRT2 knockdown in osteosarcoma cells led to reduced tumor growth, decreased expression of mesenchymal markers and impaired lung and liver metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that SIRT2 interacted with and upregulated the protein level of the EMT-associated transcription factor Snail. SIRT2 inhibited Snail degradation via its deacetylase activity. Knockdown of Snail abrogated the promoting effects of SIRT2 on migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, SIRT2 plays a crucial role in osteosarcoma metastasis by inhibiting Snail degradation and may serve as a novel therapeutic target to manage osteosarcoma.
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35
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Xie X, Li Y, Lian S, Lu Y, Jia L. Cancer metastasis chemoprevention prevents circulating tumour cells from germination. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:341. [PMID: 36184654 PMCID: PMC9526788 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The war against cancer traces back to the signature event half-a-century ago when the US National Cancer Act was signed into law. The cancer crusade costs trillions with disappointing returns, teasing the possibility of a new breakthrough. Cure for cancer post-metastases still seems tantalisingly out of reach. Once metastasized, cancer-related death is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to be reversed. Here we present cancer pre-metastasis chemoprevention strategy that can prevent circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from initiating metastases safely and effectively, and is disparate from the traditional cancer chemotherapy and cancer chemoprevention. Deep learning of the biology of CTCs and their disseminating organotropism, complexity of their adhesion to endothelial niche reveals that if the adhesion of CTCs to their metastasis niche (the first and the most important part in cancer metastatic cascade) can be pharmaceutically interrupted, the lethal metastatic cascade could be prevented from getting initiated. We analyse the key inflammatory and adhesive factors contributing to CTC adhesion/germination, provide pharmacological fundamentals for abortifacients to intervene CTC adhesion to the distant metastasis sites. The adhesion/inhibition ratio (AIR) is defined for selecting the best cancer metastasis chemopreventive candidates. The successful development of such new therapeutic modalities for cancer metastasis chemoprevention has great potential to revolutionise the current ineffective post-metastasis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xie
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yumei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Shu Lian
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China. .,Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
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Cui M, Xiaoyu Chen, Luo X, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Zhou X, Zou H, Xu T, Wang S, Yang M. Dually stimulative single-chain polymeric nano lock with dynamic ligands for sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114692. [PMID: 36150325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important markers for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. However, CTCs detection remains challenging due to their scarcity, where most of the detection methods are compromised by the loss of CTCs in pre-enrichment, and by the lack of universal antibodies for capturing different kinds of cancer cells. Herein, we report a single-chain based nano lock (SCNL) polymer incorporating dually stimulative dynamic ligands that can bind with a broad spectrum of cancer cells and CTCs overexpressing sialic acid (SA) with high sensitivity and selectivity. The high sensitivity is realized by the polymeric single chain structure and the multi-valent functional moieties, which improve the accessibility and binding stability between the target cells and the SCNL. The highly selective targeting of cancer cells is achieved by the dynamic and dually stimulative nano lock structures, which can be unlocked and functionalized upon simultaneous exposure to overexpressed SA and acidic microenvironment. We applied the SCNL to detecting cancer cells and CTCs in clinical samples, where the detection threshold of SCNL reached 4 cells/mL. Besides CTCs enumeration, the SCNL approach could also be extended to metastasis assessment through monitoring the expressing level of surface SA on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cui
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhiji Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Cellomics (Shenzhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Cellomics (Shenzhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Bücker L, Lehmann U. CDH1 (E-cadherin) Gene Methylation in Human Breast Cancer: Critical Appraisal of a Long and Twisted Story. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184377. [PMID: 36139537 PMCID: PMC9497067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genes can be inactivated by specific modifications of DNA bases, most often by adding a methyl group to the DNA base cytosine if it is followed by guanosine (CG methylation). This modification prevents gene expression and has been reported for many different genes in nearly all types of cancer. A prominent example is the gene CDH1, which encodes the cell-adhesion molecule E-cadherin. This is an important player in the spreading of tumor cells within the body (metastasis). Particularly in human breast cancer, many different research groups have studied the inactivation of the CDH1 gene via DNA methylation using various methods. Over the last 20 years, different, in part, even contradicting results have been published for the CDH1 gene in breast cancer. This review summarizes the most important publications and explains the bewildering heterogeneity of results through careful analysis of the methods which have been used. Abstract Epigenetic inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene by aberrant DNA methylation is a well-established defect in human tumor cells, complementing genetic inactivation by mutation (germline or somatic). In human breast cancer, aberrant gene methylation has diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive potential. A prominent example is the hypermethylation of the CDH1 gene, encoding the adhesion protein E-Cadherin (“epithelial cadherin”). In numerous publications, it is reported as frequently affected by gene methylation in human breast cancer. However, over more than two decades of research, contradictory results concerning CDH1 gene methylation in human breast cancer accumulated. Therefore, we review the available evidence for and against the role of DNA methylation of the CDH1 gene in human breast cancer and discuss in detail the methodological reasons for conflicting results, which are of general importance for the analysis of aberrant DNA methylation in human cancer specimens. Since the loss of E-cadherin protein expression is a hallmark of invasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC), special attention is paid to CDH1 gene methylation as a potential mechanism for loss of expression in this special subtype of human breast cancer. Proper understanding of the methodological basis is of utmost importance for the correct interpretation of results supposed to demonstrate the presence and clinical relevance of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)511-532-4501; Fax: +49-(0)511-532-5799
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Sun C, Wang L, Du DD, Ji JB, Yang XX, Yu BF, Shang PF, Guo XL. DSC2 Suppresses the Metastasis of Gastric Cancer through Inhibiting the BRD4/Snail Signaling Pathway and the Transcriptional Activity of β-Catenin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4813571. [PMID: 36120591 PMCID: PMC9473342 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4813571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Downregulated DSC2 involved in the metastasis of cancers. Unfortunately, its role on the development of gastric cancer (GC) and the potential mechanisms remain unclear. Bioinformatics analysis, Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the DSC2 levels of human GC and normal stomach tissues. The role of DSC2 and the downstream signaling in gastric carcinogenesis were explored by using GC specimens, GC cells with different DSC2 expression, inhibitors, and mouse metastasis models. We found that the level of DSC2 decreased significantly in GC tissues and cells. Recovered DSC2 inhibited the invasion and migration of GC cells both in culture and in xenografts. Mechanistically, DSC2 could not only decrease Snail level and nuclear BRD4 level by forming DSC2/BRD4, but also inhibit nuclear translocation of β-catenin. We concluded that DSC2 inhibited the metastasis of GC, and the underlying mechanisms were closely related to the regulation on nuclear translocation of BRD4 and β-catenin. Our results suggest that DSC2 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dan-dan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian-bo Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao-xia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bing-fang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Peng-fei Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Roads to Stat3 Paved with Cadherins. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162537. [PMID: 36010614 PMCID: PMC9406956 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The engagement of cadherins, cell-to-cell adhesion proteins, triggers a dramatic increase in the levels and activity of the Rac/Cdc42 GTPases, through the inhibition of proteasomal degradation. This leads to an increase in transcription and secretion of IL6 family cytokines, activation of their common receptor, gp130, in an autocrine manner and phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) on tyrosine-705 by the Jak kinases. Stat3 subsequently dimerizes, migrates to the nucleus and activates the transcription of genes involved in cell division and survival. The Src oncogene also increases Rac levels, leading to secretion of IL6 family cytokines and gp130 activation, which triggers a Stat3-ptyr705 increase. Interestingly, at the same time, Src downregulates cadherins in a quantitative manner, while cadherins are required to preserve gp130 levels for IL6 family signalling. Therefore, a fine balance between Src527F/Rac/IL6 and Src527F/cadherin/gp130 levels is in existence, which is required for Stat3 activation. This further demonstrates the important role of cadherins in the activation of Stat3, through preservation of gp130 function. Conversely, the absence of cadherin engagement correlates with low Stat3 activity: In sparsely growing cells, both gp130 and Stat3-ptyr705 levels are very low, despite the fact that cSrc is active in the FAK (focal adhesion kinase)/cSrc complex, which further indicates that the engagement of cadherins is important for Stat3 activation, not just their presence. Furthermore, the caveolin-1 protein downregulates Stat3 through binding and sequestration of cadherins to the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1. We hypothesize that the cadherins/Rac/gp130 axis may be a conserved pathway to Stat3 activation in a number of systems. This fact could have significant implications in Stat3 biology, as well as in drug testing and development.
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40
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Endometrial stem/progenitor cells: Properties, origins, and functions. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Van Baelen K, Geukens T, Maetens M, Tjan-Heijnen V, Lord CJ, Linn S, Bidard FC, Richard F, Yang WW, Steele RE, Pettitt SJ, Van Ongeval C, De Schepper M, Isnaldi E, Nevelsteen I, Smeets A, Punie K, Voorwerk L, Wildiers H, Floris G, Vincent-Salomon A, Derksen PWB, Neven P, Senkus E, Sawyer E, Kok M, Desmedt C. Current and future diagnostic and treatment strategies for patients with invasive lobular breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:769-785. [PMID: 35605746 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) is the second most common type of breast cancer after invasive breast cancer of no special type (NST), representing up to 15% of all breast cancers. DESIGN Latest data on ILC are presented, focusing on diagnosis, molecular make-up according to the European Society for Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT) guidelines, treatment in the early and metastatic setting and ILC-focused clinical trials. RESULTS At the imaging level, magnetic resonance imaging-based and novel positron emission tomography/computed tomography-based techniques can overcome the limitations of currently used imaging techniques for diagnosing ILC. At the pathology level, E-cadherin immunohistochemistry could help improving inter-pathologist agreement. The majority of patients with ILC do not seem to benefit as much from (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy as patients with NST, although chemotherapy might be required in a subset of high-risk patients. No differences in treatment efficacy are seen for anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies in the adjuvant setting and cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors in the metastatic setting. The clinical utility of the commercially available prognostic gene expression-based tests is unclear for patients with ILC. Several ESCAT alterations differ in frequency between ILC and NST. Germline BRCA1 and PALB2 alterations are less frequent in patients with ILC, while germline CDH1 (gene coding for E-cadherin) alterations are more frequent in patients with ILC. Somatic HER2 mutations are more frequent in ILC, especially in metastases (15% ILC versus 5% NST). A high tumour mutational burden, relevant for immune checkpoint inhibition, is more frequent in ILC metastases (16%) than in NST metastases (5%). Tumours with somatic inactivating CDH1 mutations may be vulnerable for treatment with ROS1 inhibitors, a concept currently investigated in early and metastatic ILC. CONCLUSION ILC is a unique malignancy based on its pathological and biological features leading to differences in diagnosis as well as in treatment response, resistance and targets as compared to NST.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Van Baelen
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Geukens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Maetens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Tjan-Heijnen
- Medical Oncology Department, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), School of GROW, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S Linn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F-C Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, UVSQ/Paris-Saclav University, Paris, France
| | - F Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W W Yang
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R E Steele
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S J Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Van Ongeval
- Departments of Radiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M De Schepper
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Isnaldi
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - A Smeets
- Surgical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Punie
- General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Voorwerk
- Departments of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Wildiers
- General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Floris
- Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - P W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Neven
- Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Senkus
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - E Sawyer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Kok
- Departments of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Yang B, Cai Y, Zhu P, Jiang Z, Ao J, Zhang Q, Yuan W, Peng Z, Chen J, Wen Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Shi Y, Zhu X, Ye X, Li F, Zhuang J, Wu X, Li Y, Fan X. Transmembrane protein 121 as a novel inhibitor of cervical cancer metastasis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:572. [PMID: 35978921 PMCID: PMC9366253 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 121 (TMEM121) is isolated from the chicken heart using subtraction hybridisation. A previous study by the authors indicated that TMEM121 is highly expressed in adult mouse hearts and acts as an inhibitor of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, the association between TMEM121 and cancer was investigated using bioinformatics tools, including Tumour Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics analysis, Kaplan-Meier plotter and UALCAN analysis. The expression, genetic variation, gene interaction network and co-expression pattern of TMEM121 in tumours were analysed. The results revealed that TMEM121 was expressed in various tumours and significantly downregulated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) when compared with its expression in paracancerous tissues, whereas the methylation level of its promoter was increased in tumour tissues. Additionally, associations between TMEM121 and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, as well as the expression of cancer-related molecules, were detected. The aforementioned bioinformatics analysis suggests that TMEM121 may be involved in the development of cervical cancer. Therefore, gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments in HeLa cells were conducted to verify the role of TMEM121 in cervical cancer. The assay using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) revealed that the cell viability of HeLa cells with TMEM121 overexpression was significantly reduced. High TMEM121 expression inhibited HeLa cell migration, as indicated by the decrease in the cell scratch healing rate. The western blot assay revealed that TMEM121 overexpression downregulated the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), cyclin D1, cyclin E2 and phosphorylated (p)-AKT, while upregulating that of p27, E-cadherin and p-p38. When TMEM121 was knocked down, retinoblastoma protein (RB), p53, p27, E-cadherin, p-JNK and p-p38 were inhibited, but cyclin E1 was promoted. By combining bioinformatics and experimental biology in the present study, the results demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that TMEM121 may be a novel inhibitor of cervical cancer that is linked to multiple signalling pathways, paving the way for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Jieyu Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Zhilin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, P.R. China
| | - Yuequn Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, P.R. China
| | - Xiangli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, P.R. China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Xiongwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
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Targeted molecular profiling of salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features highlights parallels to other apocrine and discohesive neoplasms: which phenotype should drive classification? Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:1063-1072. [PMID: 35794510 PMCID: PMC9729655 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features (SDC-RF) is a recently-described salivary gland tumor that bears striking histologic similarity to lobular carcinoma of the breast. While this tumor has an apocrine phenotype that supports classification as a variant of SDC, it infrequently arises in association with conventional SDC. Furthermore, discohesive architecture can be seen in non-apocrine salivary carcinomas, raising the possibility that discohesive growth should define a separate entity. In this study, we aimed to perform comprehensive molecular profiling of SDC-RF to better understand its pathogenesis and classification. METHODS We documented the clinicopathologic features of 9 cases of SDC-RF and performed immunostains including AR, GCDFP, and e-cadherin on all cases. We also performed targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panels on 7 cases that had sufficient tissue available. RESULTS The SDC-RF represented 8 men and 1 woman with a median age of 67 years (range 63-83 years) and included 6 parotid, 2 buccal, and 1 submandibular primary. All tumors were uniformly composed of discohesive cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; signet-ring cell features were seen in 2 cases. All tumors were also positive for AR (100%) and GCDFP (100%), and 7 tumors (78%) displayed lost or abnormal e-cadherin. NGS highlighted concomitant PIK3CA and HRAS mutations in 4 tumors, with additional cases harboring TP53, PTEN, and AKT1 mutations. Furthermore, CDH1 alterations were seen in 6 cases, including a novel CDH1::CORO7 fusion. Among 5 patients with follow-up available, 3 (60%) developed local recurrence and widespread distant metastasis and died of disease at a median 20 months (range 10-48 months). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings confirm frequent CDH1 mutations and e-cadherin inactivation in SDC-RF, similar to discohesive tumors from other sites. We also highlight an apocrine molecular profile similar to conventional SDC. However, occasional AKT1 mutation and signet-ring features suggest SDC-RF may also be related to mucinous adenocarcinoma. As more salivary tumors with discohesive growth are identified, it may become clearer whether SDC-RF should remain in the SDC family or be recognized as a separate entity.
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Gu C, Xie L, Li B, Zhang L, Li F, Wang W, Su J, Xu Z. Quantification of Tumor Abnormal Proteins in the Diagnosis and Postoperative Prognostic Evaluation of Gastric Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2022; 16:11795549221104440. [PMID: 35774594 PMCID: PMC9237931 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal glycosylation of proteins has been identified in almost all types of cancers and is closely related to the cancer progression, metastasis, and survival of cancer patients. This study was to explore the values of serum tumor abnormal protein (TAP), an abnormal glycochain protein, in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: A total of 335 GC patients were included as the study group, and another 335 subjects served as the control group. Tumor abnormal protein expression was compared between the 2 groups. Correlation analysis was used to assess the correlations of TAP with clinicopathological factors. Gastric cancer patients were divided into training set and test set at a ratio of 2:1. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in training set were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of TAP in GC patients and explore the independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) to establish a prognostic model, followed by testing of the model. According to the median of TAP, 335 GC patients were divided into 2 groups to plot the survival curves of OS and DFS. Results: Tumor abnormal protein expression in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group. Taking the best cut-off value of TAP (110.128 μm2) as the diagnostic criteria for GC, the sensitivity and specificity of TAP were 83.58% and 97.61%, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.935, which was not inferior to computed tomography (CT). Tumor abnormal protein expression was an independent risk factor for OS and DFS. The prognostic predictive value of TAP was better than that of pathological stage in GC patients. The model with TAP was effective in predicting prognosis. Conclusion: Tumor abnormal protein is an effective indicator for early screening and prognostic evaluation of GC and can also assist the clinical diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Su
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Eftekharjoo M, Mezher M, Chatterji S, Maruthamuthu V. Epithelial Cell-Like Elasticity Modulates Actin-Dependent E-Cadherin Adhesion Organization. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2455-2462. [PMID: 35549026 PMCID: PMC9199519 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin adhesions are essential for cell-to-cell cohesion and mechanical coupling between epithelial cells and reside in a microenvironment that comprises the adjoining epithelial cells. While E-cadherin has been shown to be a mechanosensor, it is unknown if E-cadherin adhesions can differentially sense stiffness within the range of that of epithelial cells. A survey of literature shows that epithelial cells' Young's moduli of elasticity lie predominantly in the sub-kPa to few-kPa range, with cancer cells often being softer than noncancerous ones. Here, we devised oriented E-cadherin-coated soft silicone substrates with sub-kPa or few-kPa elasticity but with similar viscous moduli and found that E-cadherin adhesions differentially organize depending on the magnitude of epithelial cell-like elasticity. Our results show that the actin cytoskeleton organizes E-cadherin adhesions in two ways─by supporting irregularly shaped adhesions at localized regions of high actin density and linear shaped adhesions at the end of linear actin bundles. Linearly shaped E-cadherin adhesions associated with radially oriented actin─but not irregularly shaped E-cadherin adhesions associated with circumferential actin foci─were much more numerous on 2.4 kPa E-cadherin substrates compared to 0.3 kPa E-cadherin substrates. However, the total amount of E-cadherin in both types of adhesions taken together was similar on the 0.3 and 2.4 kPa E-cadherin substrates across many cells. Our results show how the distribution of E-cadherin adhesions, supported by actin density and architecture, is modulated by epithelial cell-like elasticity and have significant implications for disease states like carcinomas characterized by altered epithelial cell elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Eftekharjoo
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Mazen Mezher
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Siddharth Chatterji
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Venkat Maruthamuthu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
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Loss of E-cadherin leads to Id2-dependent inhibition of cell cycle progression in metastatic lobular breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:2932-2944. [PMID: 35437308 PMCID: PMC9122823 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) is characterized by proliferative indolence and long-term latency relapses. This study aimed to identify how disseminating ILC cells control the balance between quiescence and cell cycle re-entry. In the absence of anchorage, ILC cells undergo a sustained cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 while maintaining viability. From the genes that are upregulated in anchorage independent ILC cells, we selected Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2), a mediator of cell cycle progression. Using loss-of-function experiments, we demonstrate that Id2 is essential for anchorage independent survival (anoikis resistance) in vitro and lung colonization in mice. Importantly, we find that under anchorage independent conditions, E-cadherin loss promotes expression of Id2 in multiple mouse and (organotypic) human models of ILC, an event that is caused by a direct p120-catenin/Kaiso-dependent transcriptional de-repression of the canonical Kaiso binding sequence TCCTGCNA. Conversely, stable inducible restoration of E-cadherin expression in the ILC cell line SUM44PE inhibits Id2 expression and anoikis resistance. We show evidence that Id2 accumulates in the cytosol, where it induces a sustained and CDK4/6-dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through interaction with hypo-phosphorylated Rb. Finally, we find that Id2 is indeed enriched in ILC when compared to other breast cancers, and confirm cytosolic Id2 protein expression in primary ILC samples. In sum, we have linked mutational inactivation of E-cadherin to direct inhibition of cell cycle progression. Our work indicates that loss of E-cadherin and subsequent expression of Id2 drive indolence and dissemination of ILC. As such, E-cadherin and Id2 are promising candidates to stratify low and intermediate grade invasive breast cancers for the use of clinical cell cycle intervention drugs.
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47
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Yang C, Shi Y, Li X, Guan L, Li H, Lin J. Cadherins and the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:336-348. [PMID: 35393670 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a nervous system disease caused by abnormal discharge of brain neurons, which is characterized by recurrent seizures. The factors that induce epilepsy include genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors are important pathogenic factors of epilepsy, such as epilepsy caused by protocadherin-19 (PCDH-19) mutation, which is an X-linked genetic disease. It is more common in female heterozygotes, which are caused by mutations in the PCDH-19 gene. Epilepsy caused by environmental factors is mainly caused by brain injury, which is commonly caused by brain tumors, brain surgery, or trauma to the brain. In addition, the pathogenesis of epilepsy is closely related to abnormalities in some signaling pathways. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is considered a new target for the treatment of epilepsy. This review summarizes these factors inducing epilepsy and the research hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The focus of this review centers on cadherins and the pathogenesis of epilepsy. We analyzed the pathogenesis of epilepsy induced by N-cadherin and PCDH-19 in the cadherin family members. Finally, we expect that in the future, new breakthroughs will be made in the study of the pathogenesis and mechanism of epilepsy at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciqing Yang
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaping Shi
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lihong Guan
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Han Li
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang, China
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Green BJ, Marazzini M, Hershey B, Fardin A, Li Q, Wang Z, Giangreco G, Pisati F, Marchesi S, Disanza A, Frittoli E, Martini E, Magni S, Beznoussenko GV, Vernieri C, Lobefaro R, Parazzoli D, Maiuri P, Havas K, Labib M, Sigismund S, Fiore PPD, Gunby RH, Kelley SO, Scita G. PillarX: A Microfluidic Device to Profile Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters Based on Geometry, Deformability, and Epithelial State. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106097. [PMID: 35344274 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters are associated with increased metastatic potential and worse patient prognosis, but are rare, difficult to count, and poorly characterized biophysically. The PillarX device described here is a bimodular microfluidic device (Pillar-device and an X-magnetic device) to profile single CTCs and clusters from whole blood based on their size, deformability, and epithelial marker expression. Larger, less deformable clusters and large single cells are captured in the Pillar-device and sorted according to pillar gap sizes. Smaller, deformable clusters and single cells are subsequently captured in the X-device and separated based on epithelial marker expression using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Clusters of established and primary breast cancer cells with variable degrees of cohesion driven by different cell-cell adhesion protein expression are profiled in the device. Cohesive clusters exhibit a lower deformability as they travel through the pillar array, relative to less cohesive clusters, and have greater collective invasive behavior. The ability of the PillarX device to capture clusters is validated in mouse models and patients of metastatic breast cancer. Thus, this device effectively enumerates and profiles CTC clusters based on their unique geometrical, physical, and biochemical properties, and could form the basis of a novel prognostic clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Green
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Margherita Marazzini
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Ben Hershey
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Amir Fardin
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Qingsen Li
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 144 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Giovanni Giangreco
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Federica Pisati
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchesi
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frittoli
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Emanuele Martini
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Serena Magni
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Vernieri
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lobefaro
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Dario Parazzoli
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Kristina Havas
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Rosalind H Gunby
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 144 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, Milan, 20122, Italy
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Diffuse gastric cancer: Emerging mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188719. [PMID: 35307354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is globally the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) particularly have a poor prognosis that only marginally improved over the last decades, as conventional chemotherapies are frequently ineffective and specific therapies are unavailable. Early-stage DGC is characterized by intramucosal lesions of discohesive cells, which can be present for many years before the emergence of advanced DGC consisting of highly proliferative and invasive cells. The mechanisms underlying the key steps of DGC development and transition to aggressive tumors are starting to emerge. Novel mouse- and organoid models for DGC, together with multi-omic analyses of DGC tumors, revealed contributions of both tumor cell-intrinsic alterations and gradual changes in the tumor microenvironment to DGC progression. In this review, we will discuss how these recent findings are leading towards an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for DGC initiation and malignancy, which may provide opportunities for targeted therapies.
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50
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Weidle UH, Nopora A. MicroRNAs and Corresponding Targets in Esophageal Cancer as Shown In Vitro and In Vivo in Preclinical Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:113-129. [PMID: 35181582 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is associated with a dismal prognosis. Therefore, identification of new targets and implementation of new treatment modalities are issues of paramount importance. Based on a survey of the literature, we identified microRNAs conferring antitumoral activity in preclinical in vivo experiments. In the category of miRs targeting secreted factors and transmembrane receptors, four miRs were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated compared with five out of nine in the category transcription factors, and six miRs were down-regulated in the category enzymes, including metabolic enzymes. The down-regulated miRs have targets which can be inhibited by small molecules or antibody-related entities, or re-expressed by reconstitution therapy. Up-regulated miRs have targets which can be reconstituted with small molecules or inhibited with antagomirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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