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Ahn T, Bae EA, Seo H. Decoding and overcoming T cell exhaustion: Epigenetic and transcriptional dynamics in CAR-T cells against solid tumors. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1617-1627. [PMID: 38582965 PMCID: PMC11184340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell exhaustion, which is observed in various chronic infections and malignancies, is characterized by elevated expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, impaired effector functions, decreased proliferation, and reduced cytokine production. Notably, while adoptive T cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy, have shown promise in treating cancer and other diseases, the efficacy of these therapies is often compromised by T cell exhaustion. It is imperative, therefore, to understand the mechanisms underlying this exhaustion to promote advances in T cell-related therapies. Here, we divided exhausted T cells into three distinct subsets according to their developmental and functional profiles: stem-like progenitor cells, intermediately exhausted cells, and terminally exhausted cells. These subsets are carefully regulated by synergistic mechanisms that involve transcriptional and epigenetic modulators. Key transcription factors, such as TCF1, BACH2, and TOX, are crucial for defining and sustaining exhaustion phenotypes. Concurrently, epigenetic regulators, such as TET2 and DNMT3A, shape the chromatin dynamics that direct T cell fate. The interplay of these molecular drivers has recently been highlighted in CAR-T research, revealing promising therapeutic directions. Thus, a profound understanding of exhausted T cell hierarchies and their molecular complexities may reveal innovative and improved tumor treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Ahn
- Laboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Luo Y, Zheng S, Xiao W, Zhang H, Li Y. Pannexins in the musculoskeletal system: new targets for development and disease progression. Bone Res 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38705887 PMCID: PMC11070431 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During cell differentiation, growth, and development, cells can respond to extracellular stimuli through communication channels. Pannexin (Panx) family and connexin (Cx) family are two important types of channel-forming proteins. Panx family contains three members (Panx1-3) and is expressed widely in bone, cartilage and muscle. Although there is no sequence homology between Panx family and Cx family, they exhibit similar configurations and functions. Similar to Cxs, the key roles of Panxs in the maintenance of physiological functions of the musculoskeletal system and disease progression were gradually revealed later. Here, we seek to elucidate the structure of Panxs and their roles in regulating processes such as osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and muscle growth. We also focus on the comparison between Cx and Panx. As a new key target, Panxs expression imbalance and dysfunction in muscle and the therapeutic potentials of Panxs in joint diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shengyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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3
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Zhang P, Huang C, Liu H, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Yang J. The mechanism of the NFAT transcription factor family involved in oxidative stress response. J Cardiol 2024; 83:30-36. [PMID: 37149283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As a transcriptional activator widely expressed in various tissues, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is involved in the regulation of the immune system, the development of the heart and brain systems, and classically mediating pathological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy. Oxidative stress is an imbalance of intracellular redox status, characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, and subsequent lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Oxidative stress occurs during various pathological processes, such as chronic hypoxia, vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching, ischemia-reperfusion, and cardiac remodeling. Calcium overload leads to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, while NFAT can be activated through calcium-calcineurin, which is also the main regulatory mode of NFAT factors. This review focuses on the effects of NFAT transcription factors on reactive oxygen species production, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox reactions, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. We hope to provide a reference for the functions and characteristics of NFAT involved in various stages of oxidative stress as well as related potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Haiyin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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4
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Chan W, Cao YM, Zhao X, Schrom EC, Jia D, Song J, Sibener LV, Dong S, Fernandes RA, Bradfield CJ, Smelkinson M, Kabat J, Hor JL, Altan-Bonnet G, Garcia KC, Germain RN. TCR ligand potency differentially impacts PD-1 inhibitory effects on diverse signaling pathways. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20231242. [PMID: 37796477 PMCID: PMC10555889 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade revolutionized cancer therapy, but we still lack a quantitative, mechanistic understanding of how inhibitory receptors affect diverse signaling pathways. To address this issue, we developed and applied a fluorescent intracellular live multiplex signal transduction activity reporter (FILMSTAR) system to analyze PD-1-induced suppressive effects. These studies identified pathways triggered solely by TCR or requiring both TCR and CD28 inputs. Using presenting cells differing in PD-L1 and CD80 expression while displaying TCR ligands of distinct potency, we found that PD-1-mediated inhibition primarily targets TCR-linked signals in a manner highly sensitive to peptide ligand quality. These findings help resolve discrepancies in existing data about the site(s) of PD-1 inhibition in T cells while emphasizing the importance of neoantigen potency in controlling the effects of checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waipan Chan
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuqi M. Cao
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward C. Schrom
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dongya Jia
- Immunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Song
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah V. Sibener
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shen Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Fernandes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clinton J. Bradfield
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margery Smelkinson
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jyh Liang Hor
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- Immunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald N. Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Yan W, Maimaitimin M, Wu Y, Fan Y, Ren S, Zhao F, Cao C, Hu X, Cheng J, Ao Y. Meniscal fibrocartilage regeneration inspired by meniscal maturational and regenerative process. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8138. [PMID: 37939174 PMCID: PMC10631723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Meniscus is a complex and crucial fibrocartilaginous tissue within the knee joint. Meniscal regeneration remains to be a scientific and translational challenge. We clarified that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participated in meniscal maturation and regeneration using MSC-tracing transgenic mice model. Here, inspired by meniscal natural maturational and regenerative process, we developed an effective and translational strategy to facilitate meniscal regeneration by three-dimensionally printing biomimetic meniscal scaffold combining autologous synovium transplant, which contained abundant intrinsic MSCs. We verified that this facilitated anisotropic meniscus-like tissue regeneration and protected cartilage from degeneration in large animal model. Mechanistically, the biomechanics and matrix stiffness up-regulated Piezo1 expression, facilitating concerted activation of calcineurin and NFATc1, further activated YAP-pSmad2/3-SOX9 axis, and consequently facilitated fibrochondrogenesis of MSCs during meniscal regeneration. In addition, Piezo1 induced by biomechanics and matrix stiffness up-regulated collagen cross-link enzyme expression, which catalyzed collagen cross-link and thereby enhanced mechanical properties of regenerated tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Yan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Maihemuti Maimaitimin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Fan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Cao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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6
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Berber M, Leng S, Wengi A, Winter DV, Odermatt A, Beuschlein F, Loffing J, Breault DT, Penton D. Calcineurin regulates aldosterone production via dephosphorylation of NFATC4. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e157027. [PMID: 37310791 PMCID: PMC10443813 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG), is critical for life, maintaining ion homeostasis and blood pressure. Therapeutic inhibition of protein phosphatase 3 (calcineurin, Cn) results in inappropriately low plasma aldosterone levels despite concomitant hyperkalemia and hyperreninemia. We tested the hypothesis that Cn participates in the signal transduction pathway regulating aldosterone synthesis. Inhibition of Cn with tacrolimus abolished the potassium-stimulated (K+-stimulated) expression of aldosterone synthase, encoded by CYP11B2, in the NCI-H295R human adrenocortical cell line as well as ex vivo in mouse and human adrenal tissue. ZG-specific deletion of the regulatory Cn subunit CnB1 diminished Cyp11b2 expression in vivo and disrupted K+-mediated aldosterone synthesis. Phosphoproteomics analysis identified nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 4 (NFATC4), as a target for Cn-mediated dephosphorylation. Deletion of NFATC4 impaired K+-dependent stimulation of CYP11B2 expression and aldosterone production while expression of a constitutively active form of NFATC4 increased expression of CYP11B2 in NCI-H295R cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed NFATC4 directly regulated CYP11B2 expression. Thus, Cn controls aldosterone production via the Cn/NFATC4 pathway. Inhibition of Cn/NFATC4 signaling may explain low plasma aldosterone levels and hyperkalemia in patients treated with tacrolimus, and the Cn/NFATC4 pathway may provide novel molecular targets to treat primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Berber
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research “Kidney Control of Homeostasis” (NCCR Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sining Leng
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Denise V. Winter
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research “Kidney Control of Homeostasis” (NCCR Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Loffing
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research “Kidney Control of Homeostasis” (NCCR Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David T. Breault
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Penton
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research “Kidney Control of Homeostasis” (NCCR Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Saldías MP, Cruz P, Silva I, Orellana-Serradell O, Lavanderos B, Maureira D, Pinto R, Cerda O. The Cytoplasmic Region of SARAF Reduces Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis through the Regulation of Store-Operated Calcium Entry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065306. [PMID: 36982380 PMCID: PMC10049260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer has a poor prognosis and is non-responsive to first-line therapies; hence, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Enhanced store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has been widely described as a contributing factor to tumorigenic behavior in several tumor types, particularly in breast cancer cells. SOCE-associated regulatory factor (SARAF) acts as an inhibitor of the SOCE response and, therefore, can be a potential antitumor factor. Herein, we generated a C-terminal SARAF fragment to evaluate the effect of overexpression of this peptide on the malignancy of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, we showed that overexpression of the C-terminal SARAF fragment reduced proliferation, cell migration, and the invasion of murine and human breast cancer cells by decreasing the SOCE response. Our data suggest that regulating the activity of the SOCE response via SARAF activity might constitute the basis for further alternative therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Saldías
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Boris Lavanderos
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Diego Maureira
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Raquel Pinto
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-29786909
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8
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Gupta S, Kumar A, Tamuli R. CRZ1 transcription factor is involved in cell survival, stress tolerance, and virulence in fungi. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Wang P, Karakose E, Argmann C, Wang H, Balev M, Brody RI, Rivas HG, Liu X, Wood O, Liu H, Choleva L, Hasson D, Bernstein E, Paulo JA, Scott DK, Lambertini L, DeCaprio JA, Stewart AF. Disrupting the DREAM complex enables proliferation of adult human pancreatic β cells. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e157086. [PMID: 35700053 PMCID: PMC9337832 DOI: 10.1172/jci157086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to regeneration of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells is a fundamental challenge for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Recently, small molecule inhibitors of the kinase DYRK1A have proven effective in inducing adult human β cells to proliferate, but their detailed mechanism of action is incompletely understood. We interrogated our human insulinoma and β cell transcriptomic databases seeking to understand why β cells in insulinomas proliferate, while normal β cells do not. This search reveals the DREAM complex as a central regulator of quiescence in human β cells. The DREAM complex consists of a module of transcriptionally repressive proteins that assemble in response to DYRK1A kinase activity, thereby inducing and maintaining cellular quiescence. In the absence of DYRK1A, DREAM subunits reassemble into the pro-proliferative MMB complex. Here, we demonstrate that small molecule DYRK1A inhibitors induce human β cells to replicate by converting the repressive DREAM complex to its pro-proliferative MMB conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Esra Karakose
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel I. Brody
- Department of Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hembly G. Rivas
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Wood
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lauryn Choleva
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Dan Hasson
- The Tisch Cancer Institute
- Department of Oncological Sciences
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Shared Resource Facility, and
| | - Emily Bernstein
- The Tisch Cancer Institute
- Department of Oncological Sciences
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald K. Scott
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - James A. DeCaprio
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Teo T, Kasirzadeh S, Albrecht H, Sykes MJ, Yang Y, Wang S. An Overview of CDK3 in Cancer: Clinical Significance and Pharmacological Implications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Bonora M, Kahsay A, Pinton P. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in hematopoietic stem cell: Molecular regulation of quiescence, function, and differentiation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 362:111-140. [PMID: 34253293 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is based on the existence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with the capacity to self-proliferate and self-renew or to differentiate into specialized cells. The hematopoietic niche is the essential microenvironment where stem cells reside and integrate various stimuli to determine their fate. Recent studies have identified niche containing high level of calcium (Ca2+) suggesting that HSCs are sensitive to Ca2+. This is a highly versatile and ubiquitous second messenger that regulates a wide variety of cellular functions. Advanced methods for measuring its concentrations, genetic experiments, cell fate tracing data, single-cell imaging, and transcriptomics studies provide information into its specific roles to integrate signaling into an array of mechanisms that determine HSC identity, lineage potential, maintenance, and self-renewal. Accumulating and contrasting evidence, are revealing Ca2+ as a previously unacknowledged feature of HSC, involved in functional maintenance, by regulating multiple actors including transcription and epigenetic factors, Ca2+-dependent kinases and mitochondrial physiology. Mitochondria are significant participants in HSC functions and their responsiveness to cellular demands is controlled to a significant extent via Ca2+ signals. Recent reports indicate that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake also controls HSC fate. These observations reveal a physiological feature of hematopoietic stem cells that can be harnessed to improve HSC-related disease. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge Ca2+ in hematopoietic stem cell focusing on its potential involvement in proliferation, self-renewal and maintenance of HSC and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Asrat Kahsay
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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12
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Cardiac CIP protein regulates dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:898-914. [PMID: 34400329 PMCID: PMC8822131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of fatality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Previously, we discovered that cardiac and skeletal-muscle-enriched CIP proteins play important roles in cardiac function. Here, we report that CIP, a striated muscle-specific protein, participates in the regulation of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Using a mouse model of human DMD, we found that deletion of CIP leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure in young, non-syndromic mdx mice. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of CIP reduces pathological dystrophic cardiomyopathy in old, syndromic mdx mice. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses reveal that molecular pathways involving fibrogenesis and oxidative stress are affected in CIP-mediated dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Mechanistically, we found that CIP interacts with dystrophin and calcineurin (CnA) to suppress the CnA-Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) pathway, which results in decreased expression of Nox4, a key component of the oxidative stress pathway. Overexpression of Nox4 accelerates the development of dystrophic cardiomyopathy in mdx mice. Our study indicates CIP is a modifier of dystrophic cardiomyopathy and a potential therapeutic target for this devastating disease.
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13
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Humer C, Romanin C, Höglinger C. Highlighting the Multifaceted Role of Orai1 N-Terminal- and Loop Regions for Proper CRAC Channel Functions. Cells 2022; 11:371. [PMID: 35159181 PMCID: PMC8834118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orai1, the Ca2+-selective pore in the plasma membrane, is one of the key components of the Ca2+release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel complex. Activated by the Ca2+ sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), via direct interaction when ER luminal Ca2+ levels recede, Orai1 helps to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis within a cell. It has already been proven that the C-terminus of Orai1 is indispensable for channel activation. However, there is strong evidence that for CRAC channels to function properly and maintain all typical hallmarks, such as selectivity and reversal potential, additional parts of Orai1 are needed. In this review, we focus on these sites apart from the C-terminus; namely, the second loop and N-terminus of Orai1 and on their multifaceted role in the functioning of CRAC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Höglinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.H.); (C.R.)
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14
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Estrogen receptor alpha and NFATc1 bind to a bone mineral density-associated SNP to repress WNT5B in osteoblasts. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:97-115. [PMID: 34906330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors and estrogen deficiency contribute to the development of osteoporosis. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2887571 is predicted from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to associate with osteoporosis but has had an unknown mechanism. Analysis of osteoblasts from 110 different individuals who underwent joint replacement revealed that the genotype of rs2887571 correlates with WNT5B expression. Analysis of our ChIP-sequencing data revealed that SNP rs2887571 overlaps with an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) binding site. Here we show that 17β-estradiol (E2) suppresses WNT5B expression and further demonstrate the mechanism of ERα binding at the enhancer containing rs2887571 to suppress WNT5B expression differentially in each genotype. ERα interacts with NFATc1, which is predicted to bind directly at rs2887571. CRISPR-Cas9 and ChIP-qPCR experiments confirm differential regulation of WNT5B between each allele. Homozygous GG has a higher binding affinity for ERα than homozygous AA and results in greater suppression of WNT5B expression. Functionally, WNT5B represses alkaline phosphatase expression and activity, decreasing osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Furthermore, WNT5B increases interleukin-6 expression and suppresses E2-induced expression of alkaline phosphatase during osteoblast differentiation. We show that WNT5B suppresses the differentiation of osteoblasts via receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1/2 (ROR1/2), which activates DVL2/3/RAC1/CDC42/JNK/SIN3A signaling and inhibits β-catenin activity. Together, our data provide mechanistic insight into how ERα and NFATc1 regulate the non-coding SNP rs2887571, as well as the function of WNT5B on osteoblasts, which could provide alternative therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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15
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Li G, Chang B, He Y, Li Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Xu B, Li X, Xu M, Ding X, Song W, Zhang Y. Orai1 mediated store-operated calcium entry contributing to MC3T3-E1 differentiation on titanium implant with micro/nano-textured topography. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 133:112644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Gopal S, Amran A, Elton A, Ng L, Pocock R. A somatic proteoglycan controls Notch-directed germ cell fate. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6708. [PMID: 34795288 PMCID: PMC8602670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between the soma and germline optimizes germ cell fate programs. Notch receptors are key determinants of germ cell fate but how somatic signals direct Notch-dependent germ cell behavior is undefined. Here we demonstrate that SDN-1 (syndecan-1), a somatic transmembrane proteoglycan, controls expression of the GLP-1 (germline proliferation-1) Notch receptor in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. We find that SDN-1 control of a somatic TRP calcium channel governs calcium-dependent binding of an AP-2 transcription factor (APTF-2) to the glp-1 promoter. Hence, SDN-1 signaling promotes GLP-1 expression and mitotic germ cell fate. Together, these data reveal SDN-1 as a putative communication nexus between the germline and its somatic environment to control germ cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gopal
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | - Aqilah Amran
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Andre Elton
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Leelee Ng
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Roger Pocock
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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17
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Role of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT) Pathway in Regulating Autophagy and Inflammation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168684. [PMID: 34445390 PMCID: PMC8395439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors are substrates of calcineurin and play an important role in integrating Ca2+ signaling with a variety of cellular functions. Of the five NFAT proteins (NFAT1-5), NFAT1-4 are subject to dephosphorylation and activation by calcineurin, a Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase. Increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ activates calcineurin, which in turn dephosphorylates and promotes nuclear translocation of NFAT. We investigated the functions of NFAT proteins in the retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). Our results show that NFAT-mediated luciferase activity was induced upon treatment with the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treatment with the NFAT peptide inhibitor, MAGPHPVIVITGPHEE (VIVIT) decreased LPS-induced NFAT luciferase activity. LPS-induced activation of NFAT-regulated cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) is inhibited by treatment of cells with VIVIT. We also investigated the effects of NFAT signaling on the autophagy pathway. Our results show that inhibition of NFAT with VIVIT in cells deprived of nutrients resulted in cytosolic retention of transcription Factor EB (TFEB), decreased expression of TFEB-regulated coordinated Lysosomal Expression and Regulation CLEAR network genes and decreased starvation-induced autophagy flux in the RPE cells. In summary, these studies suggest that the NFAT pathway plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy and inflammation in the RPE.
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18
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Duan X, Lv M, Liu A, Pang Y, Li Q, Su P, Gou M. Identification and evolution of transcription factors RHR gene family (NFAT and RBPJ) involving lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri) innate immunity. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:38-47. [PMID: 34332184 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and recombination signal binding protein (RBP) belong to the family of Rel homology region (RHR) transcription factors which regulate the expression of genes involved in different aspects of the immune response. To gain insights into the evolution and characterisation of RHR genes in lampreys, a jawless vertebrate, four RHR genes, including nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ), have been identified and cloned from the lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri) database. Evolutionary relationships of NFAT and RBPJ genes among different species were determined through molecular phylogenetic analysis. Motif, genetic structure, and tertiary structure analyses showed that NFATs and RBPJ are conserved and contain RHD and IPT domains. Moreover, synteny analysis showed that the neighbourhood genes of Lr-NFATs and Lr-RBPJ have undergone significant changes compared to jawed vertebrates. Real-time quantitative results demonstrated that the RHR gene family plays a significant role in immune defence. This study provides a new understanding of the origin and evolution of the RHR gene family in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyuan Duan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Menggang Lv
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Aijia Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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19
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NFAT indicates nucleocytoplasmic damped oscillation via its feedback modulator. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 571:201-209. [PMID: 34332425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling and the following gene regulation are tightly regulated to keep homeostasis. NF-κB is a famous key transcription factor for inflammatory cell regulations that obtain a closed feedback loop with IκB. Similarly, we show here, NFAT is also tightly regulated via its downstream target, down syndrome critical region (DSCR)-1. In primary cultured endothelium, either shear stress or VEGF treatment revealed quick NFAT1 nuclear localization following the DSCR-1 transactivation, which in turn induced NFAT1 cytoplasm sequestration. Interestingly, both NFAT and DSCR-1 can be competitive substrates for calcineurin phosphatase and DSCR-1 is known to unstable protein, which caused NFAT1-nucleocytoplasmic damped oscillation via sustained shear stress or VEGF stimulation in endothelial cell (EC)s. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the NFAT1 oscillation, we built a mathematical model of spatiotemporal regulation of NFAT1 combined with calcineurin and DSCR-1. Theoretically, manipulation of DSCR-1 expression in simulation predicted that DSCR-1 reduction would cause nuclear retention of dephosphorylated NFAT1 and disappearance of NFAT1 oscillation. To confirm this in ECs, DSCR-1 knockdown analysis was performed. DSCR-1 reduction indeed increased dephosphorylated NFAT1 in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, which eventually led to nuclear retention of NFAT1. Taken together, these studies suggest that DSCR-1 is a responsible critical factor for NFAT1 nucleocytoplasmic oscillation in shear stress or VEGF treated ECs. Our mathematical model successfully reproduced the experimental observations of NFAT1 dynamics. Combined mathematical and experimental approaches would provide a quantitative understanding way for the spatiotemporal NFAT1 feedback system.
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20
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Ajayi-Smith A, van der Watt P, Mkwanazi N, Carden S, Trent JO, Leaner VD. Novel small molecule inhibitor of Kpnβ1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 404:112637. [PMID: 34019908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherin beta 1 (Kpnβ1) is a major nuclear import receptor that mediates the import of cellular cargoes into the nucleus. Recently it has been shown that Kpnβ1 is highly expressed in several cancers, and its inhibition by siRNA induces apoptotic cancer cell death, while having little effect on non-cancer cells. This study investigated the effect of a novel small molecule, Inhibitor of Nuclear Import-60 (INI-60), on cancer cell biology, as well as nuclear import activities associated with Kpnβ1, and cancer progression in vivo using cervical and oesophageal cancer cell lines. INI-60 treatment resulted in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and induced a G1/S cell cycle arrest, followed by cancer cell death via apoptosis. Non-cancer cells were minimally affected by INI-60 at concentrations that inhibited cancer cells. INI-60 treatment altered the localisation of Kpnβ1 and its cargoes, NFκB/p65, NFAT and AP-1, and the overexpression of Kpnβ1 reduced INI-60 cytotoxicity. INI-60 also inhibited KYSE 30 oesophageal cancer cell line growth in vivo. Taken together, these results show that INI-60 inhibits the nuclear import of Kpnβ1 cargoes and interferes with cancer cell biology. INI-60 presents as a potential therapeutic approach for cancers of different tissue origins and warrants further investigation as a novel anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Ajayi-Smith
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pauline van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko Mkwanazi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Carden
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John O Trent
- Department of Medicine, J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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21
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Zhou M, Kamarshi V, Arvin AM, Oliver SL. Calcineurin phosphatase activity regulates Varicella-Zoster Virus induced cell-cell fusion. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009022. [PMID: 33216797 PMCID: PMC7717522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion (abbreviated as cell fusion) is a characteristic pathology of medically important viruses, including varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the causative agent of chickenpox and shingles. Cell fusion is mediated by a complex of VZV glycoproteins, gB and gH-gL, and must be tightly regulated to enable skin pathogenesis based on studies with gB and gH hyperfusogenic VZV mutants. Although the function of gB and gH-gL in the regulation of cell fusion has been explored, whether host factors are directly involved in this regulation process is unknown. Here, we discovered host factors that modulated VZV gB/gH-gL mediated cell fusion via high-throughput screening of bioactive compounds with known cellular targets. Two structurally related non-antibiotic macrolides, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, both significantly increased VZV gB/gH-gL mediated cell fusion. These compounds form a drug-protein complex with FKBP1A, which binds to calcineurin and specifically inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity. Inhibition of calcineurin phosphatase activity also enhanced both herpes simplex virus-1 fusion complex and syncytin-1 mediated cell fusion, indicating a broad role of calcineurin in modulating this process. To characterize the role of calcineurin phosphatase activity in VZV gB/gH-gL mediated fusion, a series of biochemical, biological and infectivity assays was performed. Pimecrolimus-induced, enhanced cell fusion was significantly reduced by shRNA knockdown of FKBP1A, further supporting the role of calcineurin phosphatase activity in fusion regulation. Importantly, inhibition of calcineurin phosphatase activity during VZV infection caused exaggerated syncytia formation and suppressed virus propagation, which was consistent with the previously reported phenotypes of gB and gH hyperfusogenic VZV mutants. Seven host cell proteins that remained uniquely phosphorylated when calcineurin phosphatase activity was inhibited were identified as potential downstream factors involved in fusion regulation. These findings demonstrate that calcineurin is a critical host cell factor pivotal in the regulation of VZV induced cell fusion, which is essential for VZV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momei Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Vivek Kamarshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Arvin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stefan L. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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22
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Meško M, Lebar T, Dekleva P, Jerala R, Benčina M. Engineering and Rewiring of a Calcium-Dependent Signaling Pathway. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2055-2065. [PMID: 32643923 PMCID: PMC7467823 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
An important feature of synthetic
biological circuits is their
response to physicochemical signals, which enables the external control
of cellular processes. Calcium-dependent regulation is an attractive
approach for achieving such control, as diverse stimuli induce calcium
influx by activating membrane channel receptors. Most calcium-dependent
gene circuits use the endogenous nuclear factor of activated T-cells
(NFAT) signaling pathway. Here, we employed engineered NFAT transcription
factors to induce the potent and robust activation of exogenous gene
expression in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, we designed a calcium-dependent
transcription factor that does not interfere with NFAT-regulated promoters
and potently activates transcription in several mammalian cell types.
Additionally, we demonstrate that coupling the circuit to a calcium-selective
ion channel resulted in capsaicin- and temperature-controlled gene
expression. This engineered calcium-dependent signaling pathway enables
tightly controlled regulation of gene expression through different
stimuli in mammalian cells and is versatile, adaptable, and useful
for a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Meško
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Interfaculty Doctoral Study of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Lebar
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Dekleva
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Benčina
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Li G, Tang X, Zhang S, Jin M, Wang M, Deng Z, Liu Z, Qian M, Shi W, Wang Z, Xie H, Li J, Liu B. SIRT7 activates quiescent hair follicle stem cells to ensure hair growth in mice. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104365. [PMID: 32696520 PMCID: PMC7507325 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are maintained in a quiescent state until activated to grow, but the mechanisms that reactivate the quiescent HFSC reservoir are unclear. Here, we find that loss of Sirt7 in mice impedes hair follicle life‐cycle transition from telogen to anagen phase, resulting in delay of hair growth. Conversely, Sirt7 overexpression during telogen phase facilitated HSFC anagen entry and accelerated hair growth. Mechanistically, Sirt7 is upregulated in HFSCs during the telogen‐to‐anagen transition, and HFSC‐specific Sirt7 knockout mice (Sirt7f/f;K15‐Cre) exhibit a similar hair growth delay. At the molecular level, Sirt7 interacts with and deacetylates the transcriptional regulator Nfatc1 at K612, causing PA28γ‐dependent proteasomal degradation to terminate Nfatc1‐mediated telogen quiescence and boost anagen entry. Cyclosporin A, a potent calcineurin inhibitor, suppresses nuclear retention of Nfatc1, abrogates hair follicle cycle delay, and promotes hair growth in Sirt7−/− mice. Furthermore, Sirt7 is downregulated in aged HFSCs, and exogenous Sirt7 overexpression promotes hair growth in aged animals. These data reveal that Sirt7 activates HFSCs by destabilizing Nfatc1 to ensure hair follicle cycle initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minxian Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zimei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Abstract
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous and dynamic second messenger molecule that is induced by many factors including receptor activation, environmental factors, and voltage, leading to pleiotropic effects on cell function including changes in migration, metabolism and transcription. As such, it is not surprising that aberrant regulation of Ca2+ signals can lead to pathological phenotypes, including cancer progression. However, given the highly context-specific nature of Ca2+-dependent changes in cell function, delineation of its role in cancer has been a challenge. Herein, we discuss the distinct roles of Ca2+ signaling within and between each type of cancer, including consideration of the potential of therapeutic strategies targeting these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gross
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pranava Mallu
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hinal Joshi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bryant Schultz
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christina Go
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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25
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Midkine activation of CD8 + T cells establishes a neuron-immune-cancer axis responsible for low-grade glioma growth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2177. [PMID: 32358581 PMCID: PMC7195398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors (gliomas) are heterogeneous cellular ecosystems, where non-neoplastic monocytic cells have emerged as key regulators of tumor maintenance and progression. However, relative to macrophages/microglia, comparatively less is known about the roles of neurons and T cells in glioma pathobiology. Herein, we leverage genetically engineered mouse models and human biospecimens to define the axis in which neurons, T cells, and microglia interact to govern Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) low-grade glioma (LGG) growth. NF1-mutant human and mouse brain neurons elaborate midkine to activate naïve CD8+ T cells to produce Ccl4, which induces microglia to produce a key LGG growth factor (Ccl5) critical for LGG stem cell survival. Importantly, increased CCL5 expression is associated with reduced survival in patients with LGG. The elucidation of the critical intercellular dependencies that constitute the LGG neuroimmune axis provides insights into the role of neurons and immune cells in controlling glioma growth, relevant to future therapeutic targeting. The role of neurons and T cells in glioma progression remains poorly understood. Here the authors show that midkine-dependent activation of a neuron-T cell-microglia axis promotes the growth of optic pathway gliomas.
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26
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Temprine K, Campbell NR, Huang R, Langdon EM, Simon-Vermot T, Mehta K, Clapp A, Chipman M, White RM. Regulation of the error-prone DNA polymerase Polκ by oncogenic signaling and its contribution to drug resistance. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/629/eaau1453. [PMID: 32345725 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The DNA polymerase Polκ plays a key role in translesion synthesis, an error-prone replication mechanism. Polκ is overexpressed in various tumor types. Here, we found that melanoma and lung and breast cancer cells experiencing stress from oncogene inhibition up-regulated the expression of Polκ and shifted its localization from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. This effect was phenocopied by inhibition of the kinase mTOR, by induction of ER stress, or by glucose deprivation. In unstressed cells, Polκ is continually transported out of the nucleus by exportin-1. Inhibiting exportin-1 or overexpressing Polκ increased the abundance of nuclear-localized Polκ, particularly in response to the BRAFV600E-targeted inhibitor vemurafenib, which decreased the cytotoxicity of the drug in BRAFV600E melanoma cells. These observations were analogous to how Escherichia coli encountering cell stress and nutrient deprivation can up-regulate and activate DinB/pol IV, the bacterial ortholog of Polκ, to induce mutagenesis that enables stress tolerance or escape. However, we found that the increased expression of Polκ was not excessively mutagenic, indicating that noncatalytic or other functions of Polκ could mediate its role in stress responses in mammalian cells. Repressing the expression or nuclear localization of Polκ might prevent drug resistance in some cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Temprine
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Campbell
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Tri-Institutional M.D./Ph.D. Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erin M Langdon
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Theresa Simon-Vermot
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Krisha Mehta
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Mollie Chipman
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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27
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Cole AJ, Iyengar M, Panesso-Gómez S, O'Hayer P, Chan D, Delgoffe GM, Aird KM, Yoon E, Bai S, Buckanovich RJ. NFATC4 promotes quiescence and chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131486. [PMID: 32182216 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of chemotherapy resistance is a major problem in ovarian cancer. One understudied mechanism of chemoresistance is the induction of quiescence, a reversible nonproliferative state. Unfortunately, little is known about regulators of quiescence. Here, we identify the master transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 4 (NFATC4) as a regulator of quiescence in ovarian cancer. NFATC4 is enriched in ovarian cancer stem-like cells and correlates with decreased proliferation and poor prognosis. Treatment of cancer cells with cisplatin resulted in NFATC4 nuclear translocation and activation of the NFATC4 pathway, while inhibition of the pathway increased chemotherapy response. Induction of NFATC4 activity resulted in a marked decrease in proliferation, G0 cell cycle arrest, and chemotherapy resistance, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, NFATC4 drove a quiescent phenotype in part via downregulation of MYC. Together, these data identify NFATC4 as a driver of quiescence and a potential new target to combat chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Cole
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mangala Iyengar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Santiago Panesso-Gómez
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick O'Hayer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center; and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shoumei Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Zhou T, Gao B, Fan Y, Liu Y, Feng S, Cong Q, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Yadav PS, Lin J, Wu N, Zhao L, Huang D, Zhou S, Su P, Yang Y. Piezo1/2 mediate mechanotransduction essential for bone formation through concerted activation of NFAT-YAP1-ß-catenin. eLife 2020; 9:52779. [PMID: 32186512 PMCID: PMC7112954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are fundamental regulators of cell behaviors. However, molecular regulation of mechanotransduction remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the mechanosensitive channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 as key force sensors required for bone development and osteoblast differentiation. Loss of Piezo1, or more severely Piezo1/2, in mesenchymal or osteoblast progenitor cells, led to multiple spontaneous bone fractures in newborn mice due to inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and increased bone resorption. In addition, loss of Piezo1/2 rendered resistant to further bone loss caused by unloading in both bone development and homeostasis. Mechanistically, Piezo1/2 relayed fluid shear stress and extracellular matrix stiffness signals to activate Ca2+ influx to stimulate Calcineurin, which promotes concerted activation of NFATc1, YAP1 and ß-catenin transcription factors by inducing their dephosphorylation as well as NFAT/YAP1/ß-catenin complex formation. Yap1 and ß-catenin activities were reduced in the Piezo1 and Piezo1/2 mutant bones and such defects were partially rescued by enhanced ß-catenin activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Shuhao Feng
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Cong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Prem S Yadav
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Jiachen Lin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
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29
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Yang PC, Jafri MS. Ca 2+ signaling in T lymphocytes: the interplay of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, membrane potential, and CRAC channels on transcription factor activation. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03526. [PMID: 32181396 PMCID: PMC7063158 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor stimulation initiates a cascade of reactions that cause an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration mediated through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). To understand the basic mechanisms by which the immune response in T cells is activated, it is useful to understand the signaling pathways that contain important targets for drugs in a quantitative fashion. A computational model helps us to understand how the selected elements in the pathways interact with each other, and which component plays the crucial role in systems. We have developed a mathematical model to explore the mechanism for controlling transcription factor activity, which regulates gene expression, by the modulation of calcium signaling triggered during T cell activation. The model simulates the activation and modulation of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels by mitochondrial dynamics and depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) store, and also includes membrane potential in T-cells. The model simulates the experimental finding that increases in Ca2+ current enhances the activation of transcription factors and the Ca2+ influx through CRAC is also essential for the NFAT and NFκB activation. The model also suggests that plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) controls a majority of the extrusion of Ca2+ and modulates the activation of CRAC channels. Furthermore, the model simulations explain how the complex interaction of the endoplasmic reticulum, membrane potential, mitochondria, and ion channels such as CRAC channels control T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Yang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - M Saleet Jafri
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.,Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 20201, USA
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30
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Decker TM, Forné I, Straub T, Elsaman H, Ma G, Shah N, Imhof A, Eick D. Analog-sensitive cell line identifies cellular substrates of CDK9. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6934-6943. [PMID: 31857848 PMCID: PMC6916755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases regulate all phases of transcription. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) has been implicated in the regulation of promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II and more recently in transcription termination. Study of the substrates of CDK9 has mostly been limited to in vitro approaches that lack a quantitative assessment of CDK9 activity. Here we analyzed the cellular phosphoproteome upon inhibition of CDK9 by combining analog-sensitive kinase technology with quantitative phosphoproteomics in Raji B-cells. Our analysis revealed the activity of CDK9 on 1102 phosphosites quantitatively, and we identified 120 potential cellular substrates. Furthermore, a substantial number of CDK9 substrates were described as splicing factors, highlighting the role of CDK9 in transcription-coupled splicing events. Based on comparison to in vitro data, our findings suggest that cellular context fundamentally impacts the activity of CDK9 and specific selection of its substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim-Michael Decker
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Germany.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Biomedical Center Munich, ZFP, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatic Unit, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hesham Elsaman
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Germany
| | - Guoli Ma
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Germany
| | - Nilay Shah
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Germany.,Present address: Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Axel Imhof
- Biomedical Center Munich, ZFP, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Eick
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Germany
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31
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Eerola SK, Santio NM, Rinne S, Kouvonen P, Corthals GL, Scaravilli M, Scala G, Serra A, Greco D, Ruusuvuori P, Latonen L, Rainio EM, Visakorpi T, Koskinen PJ. Phosphorylation of NFATC1 at PIM1 target sites is essential for its ability to promote prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:148. [PMID: 31730483 PMCID: PMC6858710 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progression of prostate cancer from benign local tumors to metastatic carcinomas is a multistep process. Here we have investigated the signaling pathways that support migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells, focusing on the role of the NFATC1 transcription factor and its post-translational modifications. We have previously identified NFATC1 as a substrate for the PIM1 kinase and shown that PIM1-dependent phosphorylation increases NFATC1 activity without affecting its subcellular localization. Both PIM kinases and NFATC1 have been reported to promote cancer cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis, but it has remained unclear whether the effects of NFATC1 are phosphorylation-dependent and which downstream targets are involved. Methods We used mass spectrometry to identify PIM1 phosphorylation target sites in NFATC1, and analysed their functional roles in three prostate cancer cell lines by comparing phosphodeficient mutants to wild-type NFATC1. We used luciferase assays to determine effects of phosphorylation on NFAT-dependent transcriptional activity, and migration and invasion assays to evaluate effects on cell motility. We also performed a microarray analysis to identify novel PIM1/NFATC1 targets, and validated one of them with both cellular expression analyses and in silico in clinical prostate cancer data sets. Results Here we have identified ten PIM1 target sites in NFATC1 and found that prevention of their phosphorylation significantly decreases the transcriptional activity as well as the pro-migratory and pro-invasive effects of NFATC1 in prostate cancer cells. We observed that also PIM2 and PIM3 can phosphorylate NFATC1, and identified several novel putative PIM1/NFATC1 target genes. These include the ITGA5 integrin, which is differentially expressed in the presence of wild-type versus phosphorylation-deficient NFATC1, and which is coexpressed with PIM1 and NFATC1 in clinical prostate cancer specimens. Conclusions Based on our data, phosphorylation of PIM1 target sites stimulates NFATC1 activity and enhances its ability to promote prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Therefore, inhibition of the interplay between PIM kinases and NFATC1 may have therapeutic implications for patients with metastatic forms of cancer. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini K Eerola
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20500, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Niina M Santio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanni Rinne
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Petri Kouvonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Garry L Corthals
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mauro Scaravilli
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angela Serra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ruusuvuori
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Signal processing laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, Pori, Finland
| | - Leena Latonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eeva-Marja Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi J Koskinen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
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32
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Omi M, Kaartinen V, Mishina Y. Activin A receptor type 1-mediated BMP signaling regulates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via canonical SMAD-signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17818-17836. [PMID: 31619522 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important mediators of osteoclast differentiation. Although accumulating evidence has implicated BMPs in osteoblastogenesis, the mechanisms by which BMPs regulate osteoclastogenesis remain unclear. Activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1) is a BMP type 1 receptor essential for skeletal development. Here, we observed that BMP-7, which preferentially binds to ACVR1, promotes osteoclast differentiation, suggesting ACVR1 is involved in osteoclastogenesis. To investigate this further, we isolated osteoclasts from either Acvr1-floxed mice or mice with constitutively-activated Acvr1 (caAcvr1) carrying tamoxifen-inducible Cre driven by a ubiquitin promotor and induced Cre activity in culture. Osteoclasts from the Acvr1-floxed mice had reduced osteoclast numbers and demineralization activity, whereas those from the caAcvr1-mutant mice formed large osteoclasts and demineralized pits, suggesting that BMP signaling through ACVR1 regulates osteoclast fusion and activity. It is reported that BMP-2 binds to BMPR1A, another BMP type 1 receptor, whereas BMP-7 binds to ACVR1 to activate SMAD1/5/9 signaling. Here, Bmpr1a-disrupted osteoclasts displayed reduced phospho-SMAD1/5/9 (pSMAD1/5/9) levels when induced by BMP-2, whereas no impacts on pSMAD1/5/9 were observed when induced by BMP-7. In contract, Acvr1-disrupted osteoclasts displayed reduced pSMAD1/5/9 levels when induced either by BMP-2 or BMP-7, suggesting that ACVR1 is the major receptor for transducing BMP-7 signals in osteoclasts. Indeed, LDN-193189 and LDN-212854, which specifically block SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation, inhibited osteoclastogenesis of caAcvr1-mutant cells. Moreover, increased BMP signaling promoted nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), which was inhibited by LDN treatments. Taken together, ACVR1-mediated BMP-SMAD signaling activates NFATc1, a regulatory protein crucial for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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33
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Liu MY, Hua WK, Chiou YY, Chen CJ, Yao CL, Lai YT, Lin CH, Lin WJ. Calcium-dependent methylation by PRMT1 promotes erythroid differentiation through the p38α MAPK pathway. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:301-316. [PMID: 31541584 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) stimulates erythroid differentiation, but the signaling events upstream are yet to be identified. Ca2+ plays crucial roles during erythroid differentiation. Here, we show that Ca2+ enhances methylation during induced erythroid differentiation and that Ca2+ directly upregulates the catalytic activity of recombinant PRMT1 by increasing Vmax toward the substrate heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2. We demonstrate that PRMT1 is essential and responsible for the effect of Ca2+ on differentiation. Depletion of Ca2+ suppresses PRMT1-mediated activation of p38α and p38α-stimulated differentiation. Furthermore, Ca2+ stimulates methylation of p38α by PRMT1. This study uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism for PRMT1 by Ca2+ and identifies the PRMT1/p38α axis as an intracellular mediator of Ca2+ signaling during erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yin Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Hua
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chiou
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Jinq Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hawiger J, Zienkiewicz J. Decoding inflammation, its causes, genomic responses, and emerging countermeasures. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12812. [PMID: 31378956 PMCID: PMC6883124 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the mechanism of diseases caused by microbial, autoimmune, allergic, metabolic and physical insults that produce distinct types of inflammatory responses. This aetiologic view of inflammation informs its classification based on a cause‐dependent mechanism as well as a cause‐directed therapy and prevention. The genomic era ushered in a new understanding of inflammation by highlighting the cell's nucleus as the centre of the inflammatory response. Exogenous or endogenous inflammatory insults evoke genomic responses in immune and non‐immune cells. These genomic responses depend on transcription factors, which switch on and off a myriad of inflammatory genes through their regulatory networks. We discuss the transcriptional paradigm of inflammation based on denying transcription factors’ access to the nucleus. We present two approaches that control proinflammatory signalling to the nucleus. The first approach constitutes a novel intracellular protein therapy with bioengineered physiologic suppressors of cytokine signalling. The second approach entails control of proinflammatory transcriptional cascades by targeting nuclear transport with a cell‐penetrating peptide that inhibits the expression of 23 out of the 26 mediators of inflammation along with the nine genes required for metabolic responses. We compare these emerging anti‐inflammatory countermeasures to current therapies. The transcriptional paradigm of inflammation offers nucleocentric strategies for microbial, autoimmune, metabolic, physical and other types of inflammation afflicting millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
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Lin W, Shi C, Wang W, Wu H, Yang C, Wang A, Shen X, Tian Y, Cao P, Yuan W. Osmolarity and calcium regulate connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in nucleus pulposus cells. Gene 2019; 704:15-24. [PMID: 30965128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to verify the hypothesis that the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), a key molecule essential for the maintenance of nucleus pulposus (NP) matrix homeostasis, is regulated by osmolarity and intracellular calcium in NP cells. METHODS Gene and protein expression levels of CCN2 were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Transfections and dual luciferase assays were performed to measure the effect of hyperosmolarity, tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) and Ca2+-calcineurin (Cn)-NFAT signaling on CCN2 promoter activity. RESULTS Cultured in hyperosmotic media, there was a significant decrease in the levels of CCN2 promoter activity, gene and protein expression in NP cells. The JASPAR database was used to analyze the construction of human CCN2 promoter, we found conserved TonE and NFAT binding sites. We then investigated whether TonEBP controlled CCN2 expression. Forced expression of TonEBP in NP cells showed that TonEBP negatively regulated CCN2 promoter activity, while suppression of TonEBP induced CCN2 promoter activity and expression. We then examined if Ca2+-Cn-NFAT signaling participated in the regulation of CCN2 expression. Co-expression of CCN2 reporter with individual NFAT1-4 expression plasmids and/or calcineurin A/B constructs suggested this signaling pathway played a role in the regulation of CCN2expression in NP cells. CONCLUSIONS Results of these studies illustrated that the expression of CCN2 in NP cells was regulated by the NFAT family through a signaling pathway network involving both activator (Ca2+-Cn-NFAT signaling) and suppressor (Hyperosmolarity-TonEBP) molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Changgui Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Huiqiao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Armed Police Force Hospital, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Priya R, Paredes MF, Karayannis T, Yusuf N, Liu X, Jaglin X, Graef I, Alvarez-Buylla A, Fishell G. Activity Regulates Cell Death within Cortical Interneurons through a Calcineurin-Dependent Mechanism. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1695-1709. [PMID: 29444424 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that cortical interneurons derived from ventral eminences, including the caudal ganglionic eminence, undergo programmed cell death. Moreover, with the exception of VIP interneurons, this occurs in a manner that is activity-dependent. In addition, we demonstrate that, within interneurons, Calcineurin, a calcium-dependent protein phosphatase, plays a critical role in sequentially linking activity to maturation (E15-P5) and survival (P5-P20). Specifically, embryonic inactivation of Calcineurin results in a failure of interneurons to morphologically mature and prevents them from undergoing apoptosis. By contrast, early postnatal inactivation of Calcineurin increases apoptosis. We conclude that Calcineurin serves a dual role of promoting first the differentiation of interneurons and, subsequently, their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Priya
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mercedes Francisca Paredes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nusrath Yusuf
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xingchen Liu
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xavier Jaglin
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabella Graef
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gord Fishell
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center at the Broad Institute, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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37
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Murphy JG, Crosby KC, Dittmer PJ, Sather WA, Dell'Acqua ML. AKAP79/150 recruits the transcription factor NFAT to regulate signaling to the nucleus by neuronal L-type Ca 2+ channels. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1743-1756. [PMID: 31091162 PMCID: PMC6727748 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-01-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurons, regulation of activity-dependent transcription by the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) depends upon Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated L-type calcium channels (LTCC) and NFAT translocation to the nucleus following its dephosphorylation by the Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN). CaN is recruited to the channel by A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) 79/150, which binds to the LTCC C-terminus via a modified leucine-zipper (LZ) interaction. Here we sought to gain new insights into how LTCCs and signaling to NFAT are regulated by this LZ interaction. RNA interference–mediated knockdown of endogenous AKAP150 and replacement with human AKAP79 lacking its C-terminal LZ domain resulted in loss of depolarization-stimulated NFAT signaling in rat hippocampal neurons. However, the LZ mutation had little impact on the AKAP–LTCC interaction or LTCC function, as measured by Förster resonance energy transfer, Ca2+ imaging, and electrophysiological recordings. AKAP79 and NFAT coimmunoprecipitated when coexpressed in heterologous cells, and the LZ mutation disrupted this association. Critically, measurements of NFAT mobility in neurons employing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy provided further evidence for an AKAP79 LZ interaction with NFAT. These findings suggest that the AKAP79/150 LZ motif functions to recruit NFAT to the LTCC signaling complex to promote its activation by AKAP-anchored calcineurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Murphy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kevin C Crosby
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Philip J Dittmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - William A Sather
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
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TRPC-mediated Ca 2+ signaling and control of cellular functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:28-39. [PMID: 30738858 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Canonical members of the TRP superfamily of ion channels have long been recognized as key elements of Ca2+ handling in a plethora of cell types. The emerging role of TRPC channels in human physiopathology has generated considerable interest in their pharmacological targeting, which requires detailed understanding of their molecular function. Although consent has been reached that receptor-phospholipase C (PLC) pathways and generation of lipid mediators constitute the prominent upstream signaling process that governs channel activity, multimodal sensing features of TRPC complexes have been demonstrated repeatedly. Downstream signaling by TRPC channels is similarly complex and involves the generation of local and global cellular Ca2+ rises, which are well-defined in space and time to govern specific cellular functions. These TRPC-mediated Ca2+ signals rely in part on Ca2+ permeation through the channels, but are essentially complemented by secondary mechanisms such as Ca2+ mobilization from storage sites and Na+/Ca2+ exchange, which involve coordinated interaction with signaling partners. Consequently, the control of cell functions by TRPC molecules is critically determined by dynamic assembly and subcellular targeting of the TRPC complexes. The very recent availability of high-resolution structure information on TRPC channel complexes has paved the way towards a comprehensive understanding of signal transduction by TRPC channels. Here, we summarize current concepts of cation permeation in TRPC complexes, TRPC-mediated shaping of cellular Ca2+ signals and the associated control of specific cell functions.
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Carden S, van der Watt P, Chi A, Ajayi-Smith A, Hadley K, Leaner VD. A tight balance of Karyopherin β1 expression is required in cervical cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1123. [PMID: 30445944 PMCID: PMC6240311 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin β1 (Kpnβ1) is the main nuclear import protein involved in the transport of cargoes from the cytoplasm into the cell nucleus. Previous research has found Kpnβ1 to be significantly overexpressed in cervical cancer and other cancer tissues, and further studies showed that inhibition of Kpnβ1 expression by siRNA resulted in cancer cell death, while non-cancer cells were minimally affected. These results suggest that Kpnβ1 has potential as an anticancer therapeutic target, thus warranting further research into the association between Kpnβ1 expression and cancer progression. Here, the biological effects associated with Kpnβ1 overexpression were investigated in order to further elucidate the relationship between Kpnβ1 and the cancer phenotype. Methods To evaluate the effect of Kpnβ1 overexpression on cell biology, cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell morphology and cell adhesion assays were performed. To determine whether Kpnβ1 overexpression influences cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents like Cisplatin, cell viability assays were performed. Expression levels of key proteins were analysed by Western blot analysis. Results Our data revealed that Kpnβ1 overexpression, above that which was already detected in cancer cells, resulted in reduced proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Likewise, normal epithelial cells showed reduced proliferation after Kpnβ1 overxpression. Reduced cancer cell proliferation was associated with a delay in cell cycle progression, as well as changes in the morphology and adhesion properties of cells. Additionally, Kpnβ1 overexpressing HeLa cells exhibited increased sensitivity to cisplatin, as shown by decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, where p53 and p21 inhibition reduced and enhanced cell sensitivity to Cisplatin, respectively. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that a tight balance of Kpnβ1 expression is required for cellular function, and that perturbation of this balance results in negative effects associated with a variety of biological processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5044-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carden
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pauline van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alicia Chi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aderonke Ajayi-Smith
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katie Hadley
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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40
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Schober R, Waldherr L, Schmidt T, Graziani A, Stilianu C, Legat L, Groschner K, Schindl R. STIM1 and Orai1 regulate Ca 2+ microdomains for activation of transcription. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:1079-1091. [PMID: 30408546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since calcium (Ca2+) regulates a large variety of cellular signaling processes in a cell's life, precise control of Ca2+ concentrations within the cell is essential. This enables the transduction of information via Ca2+ changes in a time-dependent and spatially defined manner. Here, we review molecular and functional aspects of how the store-operated Ca2+ channel Orai1 creates spatiotemporal Ca2+ microdomains. The architecture of this channel is unique, with a long helical pore and a six-fold symmetry. Energetic barriers within the Ca2+ channel pathway limit permeation to allow an extensive local Ca2+ increase in close proximity to the channel. The precise timing of the Orai1 channel function is controlled by direct binding to STIM proteins upon Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum. These induced Ca2+ microdomains are tailored to, and sufficient for, triggering long-term activation processes, such as transcription factor activation and subsequent gene regulation. We describe the principles of spatiotemporal activation of the transcription factor NFAT and compare its signaling characteristics to those of the autophagy regulating transcription factors, MITF and TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Schober
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Linda Waldherr
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tony Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Annarita Graziani
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Stilianu
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lorenz Legat
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Ma ZG, Yuan YP, Wu HM, Zhang X, Tang QZ. Cardiac fibrosis: new insights into the pathogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1645-1657. [PMID: 30416379 PMCID: PMC6216032 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is defined as the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and degradation, thus contributing to cardiac dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. This review discusses specific markers and origin of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and the underlying mechanism involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Currently, there are no CFs-specific molecular markers. Most studies use co-labelling with panels of antibodies that can recognize CFs. Origin of fibroblasts is heterogeneous. After fibrotic stimuli, the levels of myocardial pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines are increased. These pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines bind to its receptors and then trigger the activation of signaling pathway and transcriptional factors via Smad-dependent or Smad independent-manners. These fibrosis-related transcriptional factors regulate gene expression that are involved in the fibrosis to amplify the fibrotic response. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for initiation, progression, and amplification of cardiac fibrosis are of great clinical significance to find drugs that can prevent the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
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Agüera-González S, Burton OT, Vázquez-Chávez E, Cuche C, Herit F, Bouchet J, Lasserre R, Del Río-Iñiguez I, Di Bartolo V, Alcover A. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Defines Treg Differentiation and Anti-inflammatory Function through Microtubule-Mediated NFAT Localization. Cell Rep 2018; 21:181-194. [PMID: 28978472 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a polarity regulator and tumor suppressor associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer development. Although extensively studied in epithelial transformation, the effect of APC on T lymphocyte activation remains poorly defined. We found that APC ensures T cell receptor-triggered activation through Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT), since APC is necessary for NFAT's nuclear localization in a microtubule-dependent fashion and for NFAT-driven transcription leading to cytokine gene expression. Interestingly, NFAT forms clusters juxtaposed with microtubules. Ultimately, mouse Apc deficiency reduces the presence of NFAT in the nucleus of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impairs Treg differentiation and the acquisition of a suppressive phenotype, which is characterized by the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These findings suggest a dual role for APC mutations in colorectal cancer development, where mutations drive the initiation of epithelial neoplasms and also reduce Treg-mediated suppression of the detrimental inflammation that enhances cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Agüera-González
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Vázquez-Chávez
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Cuche
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Herit
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bouchet
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Lasserre
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iratxe Del Río-Iñiguez
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France.
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Kycia I, Wolford BN, Huyghe JR, Fuchsberger C, Vadlamudi S, Kursawe R, Welch RP, Albanus RD, Uyar A, Khetan S, Lawlor N, Bolisetty M, Mathur A, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ucar D, Mohlke KL, Boehnke M, Collins FS, Parker SCJ, Stitzel ML. A Common Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant Potentiates Activity of an Evolutionarily Conserved Islet Stretch Enhancer and Increases C2CD4A and C2CD4B Expression. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:620-635. [PMID: 29625024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and functional genomics approaches implicate enhancer disruption in islet dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We applied genetic fine-mapping and functional (epi)genomic approaches to a T2D- and proinsulin-associated 15q22.2 locus to identify a most likely causal variant, determine its direction of effect, and elucidate plausible target genes. Fine-mapping and conditional analyses of proinsulin levels of 8,635 non-diabetic individuals from the METSIM study support a single association signal represented by a cluster of 16 strongly associated (p < 10-17) variants in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) with the GWAS index SNP rs7172432. These variants reside in an evolutionarily and functionally conserved islet and β cell stretch or super enhancer; the most strongly associated variant (rs7163757, p = 3 × 10-19) overlaps a conserved islet open chromatin site. DNA sequence containing the rs7163757 risk allele displayed 2-fold higher enhancer activity than the non-risk allele in reporter assays (p < 0.01) and was differentially bound by β cell nuclear extract proteins. Transcription factor NFAT specifically potentiated risk-allele enhancer activity and altered patterns of nuclear protein binding to the risk allele in vitro, suggesting that it could be a factor mediating risk-allele effects. Finally, the rs7163757 proinsulin-raising and T2D risk allele (C) was associated with increased expression of C2CD4B, and possibly C2CD4A, both of which were induced by inflammatory cytokines, in human islets. Together, these data suggest that rs7163757 contributes to genetic risk of islet dysfunction and T2D by increasing NFAT-mediated islet enhancer activity and modulating C2CD4B, and possibly C2CD4A, expression in (patho)physiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Kycia
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Brooke N Wolford
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Romy Kursawe
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Ryan P Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ricardo d'Oliveira Albanus
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asli Uyar
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Shubham Khetan
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Nathan Lawlor
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Mohan Bolisetty
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Anubhuti Mathur
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Duygu Ucar
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael L Stitzel
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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Kim RY, Seong Y, Cho TH, Lee B, Kim IS, Hwang SJ. Local administration of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 inhibitor to suppress early resorption and inflammation induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1299-1310. [PMID: 29316218 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-c1 is known as a key regulator in osteoclast differentiation and immune response. This study is a follow-up to our previous study showing the antiresorptive activity of VIVIT, a peptide type NFATc1 inhibitor, using absorbable collagen sponge (ACS). This study aimed to investigate the effective concentration range of local VIVIT that suppresses early excessive osteoclast activation and inflammation induced by high-dose recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 and concomitantly enhances bone healing in a rat critical-sized calvaria defect model. High-dose rhBMP-2 (40 μg/defect) alone significantly increased in vivo osteoclast activation and expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and transforming necrosis factor-α on the scaffold at 7 days after surgery. However, rhBMP-2 had no direct effect on osteoclast activation in vitro. Osteoclast activation by rhBMP-2 was significantly suppressed by combined treatment with VIVIT at concentrations of 75 and 150 μM, but not at 15 μM, whereas suppression of inflammation occurred at all doses of VIVIT. Microcomputed tomography at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation revealed that the combination of rhBMP-2 and VIVIT at 75 μM VIVIT led to a greater bone fraction at the initial defect area, compared with rhBMP-2 alone. These findings revealed that local administration of VIVIT at certain concentrations has multiple positive effects that weaken early excessive osteoimmunological responses and enhance bone healing after rhBMP-2 administration. VIVIT has the potential to expand the therapeutic area of high-dose rhBMP-2 therapy to inflammatory bone loss. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1299-1310, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Youn Kim
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeju Seong
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Cho
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Lee
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Kim
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jung Hwang
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
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Ram BM, Dolpady J, Kulkarni R, Usha R, Bhoria U, Poli UR, Islam M, Trehanpati N, Ramakrishna G. Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E6 facilitates Calcineurin-Nuclear factor for activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) signaling to promote cellular proliferation in cervical cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 362:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dissecting the Roles of the Calcineurin Pathway in Unisexual Reproduction, Stress Responses, and Virulence in Cryptococcus deneoformans. Genetics 2017; 208:639-653. [PMID: 29233811 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin orchestrates sexual reproduction, stress responses, and virulence via branched downstream pathways in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans The calcineurin-binding protein Cbp1, the calcineurin temperature suppressor Cts1, the calcineurin-responsive zinc finger transcription factor Crz1, and the calcineurin targets Pbp1, Tif3, and Puf4, all function downstream of calcineurin to orchestrate distinct cellular processes. To elucidate how the calcineurin pathway regulatory network governs unisexual reproduction, stress responses, and virulence, we have analyzed the self-filamentous C. deneoformans strain, XL280α, and generated double mutants of these calcineurin downstream genes. We demonstrated that calcineurin governs unisexual reproduction at different sexual developmental stages, in which the initiation of the yeast-hyphal morphological transition is independent of Crz1, whereas the sporulation process is dependent on Crz1. Calcineurin-dependent unisexual reproduction is independent of the pheromone response pathway. Crz1 synergistically interacts with different calcineurin downstream targets in responding to ER, high-calcium, and cell wall stresses. We observed a widespread synergy suggesting that these proteins function in complex branched pathways downstream of calcineurin with some functional redundancy, which may allow efficient signaling network rewiring within the pathway for prompt adaptation to changing environments. Finally, we showed that deletion of PBP1 or TIF3 in the cna1∆ mutant background conferred a modest level of growth tolerance at 37°, but that the cna1∆ pbp1∆ and cna1∆ tif3∆ double mutants were both avirulent, suggesting that calcineurin may control virulence via mechanisms beyond thermotolerance.
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14-3-3z sequesters cytosolic T-bet, upregulating IL-13 levels in T C2 and CD8 + lymphocytes from patients with scleroderma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:109-119.e6. [PMID: 29155097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-13-producing CD8+ T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2-driven inflammatory human conditions. We have shown that CD8+IL-13+ cells play a critical role in cutaneous fibrosis, the most characteristic feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying production of IL-13 and other type 2 cytokines by CD8+ T cells remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish the molecular basis of IL-13 overproduction by CD8+ T cells from patients with SSc, focusing on T-bet modulation of GATA-3 activity, which we showed to underlie IL-13 overproduction in CD8+IL-13+ cells from patients with SSc. METHODS Biochemical and biophysical methods were used to determine the expression and association of T-bet, GATA-3, and regulatory factors in CD8+ T cells isolated from the blood and lesional skin of patients with SSc with severe skin thickening. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis determined GATA-3 binding to the IL-13 promoter. ImageStream analysis and confocal microscopy visualized the subcellular localization of T-bet and GATA-3. Transcript levels were decreased by small interfering RNAs. RESULTS Interaction of T-bet with the adaptor protein 14-3-3z in the cytosol of CD8+ T cells from patients with SSc reduces T-bet translocation into the nucleus and its ability to associate with GATA-3, allowing more GATA-3 to bind to the IL-13 promoter and inducing IL-13 upregulation. Strikingly, we show that this mechanism is also found during type 2 polarization of CD8+ T cells (TC2) from healthy donors. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel molecular mechanism underlying type 2 cytokine production by CD8+ T cells, revealing a more complete picture of the complex pathway leading to SSc disease pathogenesis.
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Experimental Therapy of Advanced Breast Cancer: Targeting NFAT1-MDM2-p53 Pathway. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:195-216. [PMID: 29096894 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advanced breast cancer, especially advanced triple-negative breast cancer, is typically more aggressive and more difficult to treat than other breast cancer phenotypes. There is currently no curable option for breast cancer patients with advanced diseases, highlighting the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. We have recently discovered that the nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) activates the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene. Both MDM2 and NFAT1 are overexpressed and constitutively activated in breast cancer, particularly in advanced breast cancer, and contribute to its initiation, progression, and metastasis. MDM2 regulates cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion through both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. We have proposed to target the NFAT1-MDM2-p53 pathway for the treatment of human cancers, especially breast cancer. We have recently identified NFAT1 and MDM2 dual inhibitors that have shown excellent in vitro and in vivo activities against breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer. Herein, we summarize recent advances made in the understanding of the oncogenic functions of MDM2 and NFAT1 in breast cancer, as well as current targeting strategies and representative inhibitors. We also propose several strategies for inhibiting the NFAT1-MDM2-p53 pathway, which could be useful for developing more specific and effective inhibitors for breast cancer therapy.
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Perroud J, Bernheim L, Frieden M, Koenig S. Distinct roles of NFATc1 and NFATc4 in human primary myoblast differentiation and in the maintenance of reserve cells. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3083-3093. [PMID: 28760926 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a key role during human myoblast differentiation. Among Ca2+-sensitive pathways, calcineurin is essential for myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration. Nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) transcription factors are the major calcineurin targets. We investigated the expression and the role of each NFAT gene during human primary myoblast differentiation. We found that three NFAT isoforms are present, NFATc1, NFATc3 and NFATc4. Importantly, while their mRNA expression increases during differentiation, NFATc1 is more highly expressed in myotubes, whilst NFATc4 is specifically maintained in reserve cells. NFATc3 is present in both cell types, although no specific role during myoblast differentiation was observed. Knockdown of either NFATc1 or NFATc4 affects the differentiation process similarly, by decreasing the expression of late differentiation markers, but impairs myotube formation differently. Whereas NFATc1 knockdown strongly reduced the number and the surface area of myotubes, NFATc4 knockdown increased the surface area of myotubes and reduced the pool of reserve cells. We conclude that NFAT genes have specific roles in myotube formation and in the maintenance of the reserve cell pool during human postnatal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Perroud
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Bernheim
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Koenig
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Nuclear Import of Hepatitis B Virus Capsids and Genome. Viruses 2017; 9:v9010021. [PMID: 28117723 PMCID: PMC5294990 DOI: 10.3390/v9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped pararetrovirus with a DNA genome, which is found in an up to 36 nm-measuring capsid. Replication of the genome occurs via an RNA intermediate, which is synthesized in the nucleus. The virus must have thus ways of transporting its DNA genome into this compartment. This review summarizes the data on hepatitis B virus genome transport and correlates the finding to those from other viruses.
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