1
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Nagata Y. Molecular pathophysiology of germline mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2024; 120:417-426. [PMID: 39150677 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Germline (GL) predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been established as an independent disease entity in the latest World Health Organization classification. Following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, GL variants were interpreted as causal if they were classified as "pathogenic." GL predisposition can be divided into three groups with different phenotypes, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of adult-onset AML. The clinical course and age of onset of myeloid neoplasms varied considerably for each gene. For example, patients with GATA2 GL variants develop AML before the age of 30 along with bone marrow failure, whereas those with DDX41 GL variants tend to develop AML after the age of 50 without any preceding hematological abnormalities or organ dysfunction. A comprehensive analysis of adult-onset myelodysplastic syndromes in transplant donors showed a 7% frequency of pathogenic GL variants, with DDX41 being the most frequent gene mutation at approximately 3.8%. Future research on GL predisposition at any age of myeloid neoplasm onset will assist in early and accurate diagnosis, development of effective treatment strategies, and selection of suitable donors for stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Nagata
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
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2
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Chen F. ETV6::ABL1 positive myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions (MLN-TK) with blast crisis treated with flumatinib mesylate. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:3801-3804. [PMID: 38992279 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
ETV6::ABL1 fusion gene is a rare but recurrent genomic rearrangement in hematological malignancies with poor prognosis. Here, we report 1 case of Ph negative myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions (MLN-TK) who carry ETV6::ABL1 fusion gene. The patient achieved clinical remission after treatment with imatinib. However, disease progression of blast crisis was observed around 2 years later. The patient was treated with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor of flumatinib, yielded a short term second therapeutic response. ETV6::ABL1 positive myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions (MLN-TK) is rare and may be misdiagnosed by conventional cytogenetical analysis. Early treatment with TKIs, particularly second-generation TKIs, may be beneficial to improve treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
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3
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Newman H, MacFarland SP, Brodeur GM, Olson T, Bhojwani D, Stokke J, Kovach AE, Clark ME, Luo M, Li M, Shah A, Hunger SP. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and juvenile xanthogranuloma in a patient with ETV6 thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition syndrome: novel clinical presentation and perspective. Haematologica 2024; 109:1624-1627. [PMID: 38031764 PMCID: PMC11063871 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Newman
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Suzanne P MacFarland
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Timothy Olson
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deepa Bhojwani
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jamie Stokke
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexandra E Kovach
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mary Egan Clark
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Minjie Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marilyn Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amish Shah
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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4
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McConville BM, Thomas T, Beckner R, Valadez C, Chook Y, Chung S, Liszczak G. Enigmatic missense mutations can cause disease via creation of de novo nuclear export signals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590854. [PMID: 38712034 PMCID: PMC11071533 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Disease-causing missense mutations that occur within structurally and functionally unannotated protein regions can guide researchers to new mechanisms of protein regulation and dysfunction. Here, we report that the thrombocytopenia-, myelodysplastic syndromes-, and leukemia-associated P214L mutation in the transcriptional regulator ETV6 creates an XPO1-dependent nuclear export signal to cause protein mislocalization. Strategies to disrupt XPO1 activity fully restore ETV6 P214L protein nuclear localization and transcription regulation activity. Mechanistic insight inspired the design of a 'humanized' ETV6 mice, which we employ to demonstrate that the germline P214L mutation is sufficient to elicit severe defects in thrombopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Beyond ETV6, we employed computational methods to uncover rare disease-associated missense mutations in unrelated proteins that create a nuclear export signal to disrupt protein function. Thus, missense mutations that operate through this mechanism should be predictable and may suggest rational therapeutic strategies for associated diseases.
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5
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Monovich AC, Gurumurthy A, Ryan RJH. The Diverse Roles of ETV6 Alterations in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Other Hematopoietic Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:291-320. [PMID: 39017849 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Genetic alterations of the repressive ETS family transcription factor gene ETV6 are recurrent in several categories of hematopoietic malignancy, including subsets of B-cell and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALL and T-ALL), myeloid neoplasms, and mature B-cell lymphomas. ETV6 is essential for adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), contributes to specific functions of some mature immune cells, and plays a key role in thrombopoiesis as demonstrated by familial ETV6 mutations associated with thrombocytopenia and predisposition to hematopoietic cancers, particularly B-ALL. ETV6 appears to have a tumor suppressor role in several hematopoietic lineages, as demonstrated by recurrent somatic loss-of-function (LoF) and putative dominant-negative alterations in leukemias and lymphomas. ETV6 rearrangements contribute to recurrent fusion oncogenes such as the B-ALL-associated transcription factor (TF) fusions ETV6::RUNX1 and PAX5::ETV6, rare drivers such as ETV6::NCOA6, and a spectrum of tyrosine kinase gene fusions encoding hyperactive signaling proteins that self-associate via the ETV6 N-terminal pointed domain. Another subset of recurrent rearrangements involving the ETV6 gene locus appear to function primarily to drive overexpression of the partner gene. This review surveys what is known about the biochemical and genome regulatory properties of ETV6 as well as our current understanding of how alterations in these functions contribute to hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Monovich
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aishwarya Gurumurthy
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Russell J H Ryan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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6
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Nishimura A, Yokoyama K, Naruto T, Yamagishi C, Imamura T, Nakazono H, Kimura S, Ito M, Sagisaka M, Tanaka Y, Piao J, Namikawa Y, Yanagimachi M, Isoda T, Kanai A, Matsui H, Isobe T, Sato-Otsubo A, Higuchi N, Takada A, Okuno H, Saito S, Karakawa S, Kobayashi S, Hasegawa D, Fujisaki H, Hasegawa D, Koike K, Koike T, Rai S, Umeda K, Sano H, Sekinaka Y, Ogawa A, Kinoshita A, Shiba N, Miki M, Kimura F, Nakayama H, Nakazawa Y, Taga T, Taki T, Adachi S, Manabe A, Koh K, Ishida Y, Takita J, Ishikawa F, Goto H, Morio T, Mizutani S, Tojo A, Takagi M. Myeloid/natural killer (NK) cell precursor acute leukemia as a distinct leukemia type. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj4407. [PMID: 38091391 PMCID: PMC10848711 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid/natural killer (NK) cell precursor acute leukemia (MNKPL) has been described on the basis of its unique immunophenotype and clinical phenotype. However, there is no consensus on the characteristics for identifying this disease type because of its rarity and lack of defined distinctive molecular characteristics. In this study, multiomics analysis revealed that MNKPL is distinct from acute myeloid leukemia, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), and NOTCH1 and RUNX3 activation and BCL11B down-regulation are hallmarks of MNKPL. Although NK cells have been classically considered to be lymphoid lineage-derived, the results of our single-cell analysis using MNKPL cells suggest that NK cells and myeloid cells share common progenitor cells. Treatment outcomes for MNKPL are unsatisfactory, even when hematopoietic cell transplantation is performed. Multiomics analysis and in vitro drug sensitivity assays revealed increased sensitivity to l-asparaginase and reduced levels of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), supporting the clinically observed effectiveness of l-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chika Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Leukemia/Lymphoma Committee of Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakazono
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mieko Ito
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Maiko Sagisaka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukie Tanaka
- Research Core, Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinhua Piao
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Namikawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yanagimachi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Isoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Isobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Sato-Otsubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Higuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akiko Takada
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruna Okuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shoji Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Karakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujisaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Hasegawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children’s Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Koike
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Japan
| | - Takashi Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shinya Rai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Katsutsugu Umeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Sano
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yujin Sekinaka
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Norio Shiba
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mizuka Miki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Taga
- Leukemia/Lymphoma Committee of Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taki
- Leukemia/Lymphoma Committee of Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Leukemia/Lymphoma Committee of Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Leukemia/Lymphoma Committee of Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Leukemia/Lymphoma Committee of Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children’s Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishida
- Leukemia/Lymphoma Committee of Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
- Pediatric Medical Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Data Science and Faculty Affairs, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Leukemia/Lymphoma Committee of Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Travisano SI, Harrison MRM, Thornton ME, Grubbs BH, Quertermous T, Lien CL. Single-nuclei multiomic analyses identify human cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells associated with coronary arteries in the epicardium. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113106. [PMID: 37676760 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac lymphatic vessels play important roles in fluid homeostasis, inflammation, disease, and regeneration of the heart. The developing cardiac lymphatics in human fetal hearts are closely associated with coronary arteries, similar to those in zebrafish hearts. We identify a population of cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) that reside in the epicardium. Single-nuclei multiomic analysis of the human fetal heart reveals the plasticity and heterogeneity of the cardiac endothelium. Furthermore, we find that VEGFC is highly expressed in arterial endothelial cells and epicardium-derived cells, providing a molecular basis for the arterial association of cardiac lymphatic development. Using a cell-type-specific integrative analysis, we identify a population of cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells marked by the PROX1 and the lymphangiocrine RELN and enriched in binding motifs of erythroblast transformation specific (ETS) variant (ETV) transcription factors. We report the in vivo molecular characterization of human cardiac lymphatics and provide a valuable resource to understand fetal heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R M Harrison
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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8
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Bloom M, Oak N, Baskin-Doerfler R, Feng R, Iacobucci I, Baviskar P, Zhao X, Stroh AN, Li C, Ozark P, Tillman HS, Li Y, Verbist KC, Albeituni S, Scott DC, King MT, McKinney-Freeman SL, Weiss MJ, Yang JJ, Nichols KE. ETV6 represses inflammatory response genes and regulates HSPC function during stress hematopoiesis in mice. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5608-5623. [PMID: 37522715 PMCID: PMC10514086 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ETS variant 6 (ETV6) encodes a transcriptional repressor expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), where it is required for adult hematopoiesis. Heterozygous pathogenic germline ETV6 variants are associated with thrombocytopenia 5 (T5), a poorly understood genetic condition resulting in thrombocytopenia and predisposition to hematologic malignancies. To elucidate how germline ETV6 variants affect HSPCs and contribute to disease, we generated a mouse model harboring an Etv6R355X loss-of-function variant, equivalent to the T5-associated variant ETV6R359X. Under homeostatic conditions, all HSPC subpopulations are present in the bone marrow (BM) of Etv6R355X/+ mice; however, these animals display shifts in the proportions and/or numbers of progenitor subtypes. To examine whether the Etv6R355X/+ mutation affects HSPC function, we performed serial competitive transplantation and observed that Etv6R355X/+ lineage-sca1+cKit+ (LSK) cells exhibit impaired reconstitution, with near complete failure to repopulate irradiated recipients by the tertiary transplant. Mechanistic studies incorporating cleavage under target and release under nuclease assay, assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture identify ETV6 binding at inflammatory gene loci, including multiple genes within the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway in ETV6-sufficient mouse and human HSPCs. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing of BM cells isolated after transplantation reveals upregulation of inflammatory genes in Etv6R355X/+ progenitors when compared to Etv6+/+ counterparts. Corroborating these findings, Etv6R355X/+ HSPCs produce significantly more TNF than Etv6+/+ cells post-transplantation. We conclude that ETV6 is required to repress inflammatory gene expression in HSPCs under conditions of hematopoietic stress, and this mechanism may be critical to sustain HSPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Bloom
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Ruopeng Feng
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Pradyumna Baviskar
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Xujie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Alexa N. Stroh
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Patrick Ozark
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Heather S. Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yichao Li
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Sabrin Albeituni
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Danny C. Scott
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Moeko T. King
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Mitchell J. Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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9
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Choate LA, Jiang L, Stein MI, Shen W, Baughn LB, Peterson JF. Detection of an MN1::ETV6 Gene Fusion in a Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Erythroid Differentiation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Hematol 2023; 2023:9771388. [PMID: 37434656 PMCID: PMC10332927 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9771388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The MN1::ETV6 gene fusion resulting from t(12;22)(p13;q12) has been rarely reported in myeloid neoplasms. We describe a 69-year-old male with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with erythroid differentiation and t(12;22)(p13;q12) demonstrated by conventional chromosome studies. Subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization studies demonstrated a balanced ETV6 gene rearrangement (at 12p13). To further characterize this translocation, whole-genome sequencing was performed which confirmed t(12;22) with breakpoints involving the MN1 and ETV6 genes. Herein, we describe our case and review the literature to summarize the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with this rare but recurrent MN1::ETV6 gene fusion observed in myeloid neoplasms. Importantly, this case expands the clinical spectrum associated with the MN1::ETV6 gene fusion to include AML with erythroid differentiation. Lastly, this case demonstrates the importance of moving toward more comprehensive molecular testing to fully characterize the driver events in neoplastic genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Choate
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Liuyan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mariam I. Stein
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Linda B. Baughn
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jess F. Peterson
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Zerella JR, Homan CC, Arts P, Brown AL, Scott HS, Hahn CN. Transcription factor genetics and biology in predisposition to bone marrow failure and hematological malignancy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1183318. [PMID: 37377909 PMCID: PMC10291195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1183318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a critical role as key mediators of a multitude of developmental pathways, with highly regulated and tightly organized networks crucial for determining both the timing and pattern of tissue development. TFs can act as master regulators of both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, tightly controlling the behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). These networks control the functional regulation of HSPCs including self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation dynamics, which are essential to normal hematopoiesis. Defining the key players and dynamics of these hematopoietic transcriptional networks is essential to understanding both normal hematopoiesis and how genetic aberrations in TFs and their networks can predispose to hematopoietic disease including bone marrow failure (BMF) and hematological malignancy (HM). Despite their multifaceted and complex involvement in hematological development, advances in genetic screening along with elegant multi-omics and model system studies are shedding light on how hematopoietic TFs interact and network to achieve normal cell fates and their role in disease etiology. This review focuses on TFs which predispose to BMF and HM, identifies potential novel candidate predisposing TF genes, and examines putative biological mechanisms leading to these phenotypes. A better understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of hematopoietic TFs, as well as identifying novel genes and genetic variants predisposing to BMF and HM, will accelerate the development of preventative strategies, improve clinical management and counseling, and help define targeted treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarna R. Zerella
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Claire C. Homan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher N. Hahn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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Homan CC, Scott HS, Brown AL. Hereditary platelet disorders associated with germ line variants in RUNX1, ETV6, and ANKRD26. Blood 2023; 141:1533-1543. [PMID: 36626254 PMCID: PMC10651873 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary platelet disorders (HPDs) are a group of blood disorders with variable severity and clinical impact. Although phenotypically there is much overlap, known genetic causes are many, prompting the curation of multigene panels for clinical use, which are being deployed in increasingly large-scale populations to uncover missing heritability more efficiently. For some of these disorders, in particular RUNX1, ETV6, and ANKRD26, pathogenic germ line variants in these genes also come with a risk of developing hematological malignancy (HM). Although they may initially present as similarly mild-moderate thrombocytopenia, each of these 3 disorders have distinct penetrance of HM and a different range of somatic alterations associated with malignancy development. As our ability to diagnose HPDs has improved, we are now faced with the challenges of integrating these advances into routine clinical practice for patients and how to optimize management and surveillance of patients and carriers who have not developed malignancy. The volume of genetic information now being generated has created new challenges in how to accurately assess and report identified variants. The answers to all these questions involve international initiatives on rare diseases to better understand the biology of these disorders and design appropriate models and therapies for preclinical testing and clinical trials. Partnered with this are continued technological developments, including the rapid sharing of genetic variant information and automated integration with variant classification relevant data, such as high-throughput functional data. Collective progress in this area will drive timely diagnosis and, in time, leukemia preventive therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C. Homan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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12
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Papadopoulou V, Schoumans J, Scarpelli I, Blum S. Description of an Institutional Cohort of Myeloid Neoplasms Carrying ETV6-Locus Deletions or ETV6 Rearrangements. Acta Haematol 2023; 146:401-407. [PMID: 36848872 PMCID: PMC10614221 DOI: 10.1159/000529844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding for transcription factor ETV6 presents recurrent lesions in hematologic neoplasms, most notably the ETV6-RUNX1 rearrangement in childhood B-ALL. The role of ETV6 for normal hematopoiesis is unknown, but loss of its function probably participates in oncogenic procedures. In myeloid neoplasms, ETV6-locus (12p13) deletions are rare but recurrent; ETV6 translocations are even rarer, but those reported seem to have phenotype-defining consequences. We herein describe the genetic and hematologic profile of myeloid neoplasms with ETV6 deletions (10 cases), or translocations (4 cases) diagnosed in the last 10 years in our institution. We find complex caryotype to be the most prevalent cytogenetics among patients with 12p13 deletion (8/10 patients), with most frequent coexisting anomalies being monosomy 7 or deletion 7q32 (5/10), monosomy 5 or del5q14-15 (5/10), and deletion/inversion of chromosome 20 (5/10), and most frequent point mutation being TP53 mutation (6/10 patients). Mechanisms of synergy of these lesions are unknown. We describe the entire genetic profile and hematologic phenotype of cases with extremely rare ETV6 translocations, confirming the biphenotypic T/myeloid nature of acute leukemia associated to ETV6-NCOA2 rearrangement, the association of t (1;12) (p36; p13) and of the CHIC2-ETV6 fusion with MDS/AML, and the association of the ETV6-ACSL6 rearrangement with myeloproliferative neoplasm with eosinophilia. Mutation of the intact ETV6 allele was present in two cases and seems to be subclonal to the chromosomal lesions. Decoding the mechanisms of disease related to ETV6 haploinsufficiency or rearrangements is important for the understanding of pathogenesis of myeloid neoplasms and fundamental research must be guided by observational cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Papadopoulou
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Ilaria Scarpelli
- Oncogenetics Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Blum
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Wang Y, Huang Z, Sun M, Huang W, Xia L. ETS transcription factors: Multifaceted players from cancer progression to tumor immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188872. [PMID: 36841365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The E26 transformation specific (ETS) family comprises 28 transcription factors, the majority of which are involved in tumor initiation and development. Serving as a group of functionally heterogeneous gene regulators, ETS factors possess a structurally conserved DNA-binding domain. As one of the most prominent families of transcription factors that control diverse cellular functions, ETS activation is modulated by multiple intracellular signaling pathways and post-translational modifications. Disturbances in ETS activity often lead to abnormal changes in oncogenicity, including cancer cell survival, growth, proliferation, metastasis, genetic instability, cell metabolism, and tumor immunity. This review systematically addresses the basics and advances in studying ETS factors, from their tumor relevance to clinical translational utility, with a particular focus on elucidating the role of ETS family in tumor immunity, aiming to decipher the vital role and clinical potential of regulation of ETS factors in the cancer field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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14
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Lu DY, Ellegast JM, Ross KN, Malone CF, Lin S, Mabe NW, Dharia NV, Meyer A, Conway A, Su AH, Selich-Anderson J, Taslim C, Byrum AK, Seong BKA, Adane B, Gray NS, Rivera MN, Lessnick SL, Stegmaier K. The ETS transcription factor ETV6 constrains the transcriptional activity of EWS-FLI to promote Ewing sarcoma. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:285-297. [PMID: 36658220 PMCID: PMC9928584 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are frequently mutated in cancer. Paediatric cancers exhibit few mutations genome-wide but frequently harbour sentinel mutations that affect TFs, which provides a context to precisely study the transcriptional circuits that support mutant TF-driven oncogenesis. A broadly relevant mechanism that has garnered intense focus involves the ability of mutant TFs to hijack wild-type lineage-specific TFs in self-reinforcing transcriptional circuits. However, it is not known whether this specific type of circuitry is equally crucial in all mutant TF-driven cancers. Here we describe an alternative yet central transcriptional mechanism that promotes Ewing sarcoma, wherein constraint, rather than reinforcement, of the activity of the fusion TF EWS-FLI supports cancer growth. We discover that ETV6 is a crucial TF dependency that is specific to this disease because it, counter-intuitively, represses the transcriptional output of EWS-FLI. This work discovers a previously undescribed transcriptional mechanism that promotes cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Y Lu
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jana M Ellegast
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth N Ross
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clare F Malone
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Mabe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neekesh V Dharia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashleigh Meyer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy Conway
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angela H Su
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Selich-Anderson
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cenny Taslim
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrea K Byrum
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bo Kyung A Seong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Biniam Adane
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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ETV6 dependency in Ewing sarcoma by antagonism of EWS-FLI1-mediated enhancer activation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:298-308. [PMID: 36658219 PMCID: PMC10101761 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The EWS-FLI1 fusion oncoprotein deregulates transcription to initiate the paediatric cancer Ewing sarcoma. Here we used a domain-focused CRISPR screen to implicate the transcriptional repressor ETV6 as a unique dependency in this tumour. Using biochemical assays and epigenomics, we show that ETV6 competes with EWS-FLI1 for binding to select DNA elements enriched for short GGAA repeat sequences. Upon inactivating ETV6, EWS-FLI1 overtakes and hyper-activates these cis-elements to promote mesenchymal differentiation, with SOX11 being a key downstream target. We show that squelching of ETV6 with a dominant-interfering peptide phenocopies these effects and suppresses Ewing sarcoma growth in vivo. These findings reveal targeting of ETV6 as a strategy for neutralizing the EWS-FLI1 oncoprotein by reprogramming of genomic occupancy.
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16
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Cook MR, Karp JE, Lai C. The spectrum of genetic mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome: Should we update prognostication? EJHAEM 2022; 3:301-313. [PMID: 35846202 PMCID: PMC9176033 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is dependent upon the presence and magnitude of diverse genetic and molecular aberrations. The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and revised IPSS (IPSS-R) are the most widely used classification and prognostic systems; however, somatic mutations are not currently incorporated into these systems, despite evidence of their independent impact on prognosis. Our manuscript reviews prognostic information for TP53, EZH2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, RUNX1, SRSF2, CBL, IDH 1/2, TET2, BCOR, ETV6, GATA2, U2AF1, ZRSR2, RAS, STAG2, and SF3B1. Mutations in TP53, EZH2, ASXL1, DNMT3A, RUNX1, SRSF2, and CBL have extensive evidence for their negative impact on survival, whereas SF3B1 is the lone mutation carrying a favorable prognosis. We use the existing literature to propose the incorporation of somatic mutations into the IPSS-R. More data are needed to define the broad spectrum of other genetic lesions, as well as the impact of variant allele frequencies, class of mutation, and impact of multiple interactive genomic lesions. We postulate that the incorporation of these data into MDS prognostication systems will not only enhance our therapeutic decision making but lead to targeted treatment in an attempt to improve outcomes in this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Cook
- Division of Hematology and OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Judith E. Karp
- Divison of Hematology and OncologyThe Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins University HospitalBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Catherine Lai
- Division of Hematology and OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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17
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Hung D, Lenton D, Eslick R, Blennerhassett R, Joshi M, McCaughan G, Day S, Wright D. Chromosome microarray characterisation of chromosome arm 12p loss associated with complex molecular karyotype and recurrent adverse cytogenetic markers in multiple myeloma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:668-677. [PMID: 34041820 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number loss within chromosome 12 short arm (12p) has gained attention as an adverse cytogenetic marker in multiple myeloma. The prognostic significance and characterisation of the common minimal deleted region remains controversial between various studies with loss of CD27 proposed as the putative critical gene. We aimed to determine the frequency of 12p loss, its correlation with adverse cytogenetic markers further to define and characterise 12p deletions. Our study included a prospective cohort of 574 multiple myeloma patients referred for cytogenetic testing, including interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation for IGH (14q32.33) translocations and chromosome microarray. Loss of 12p was detected in 54/574 (9.4%) patients and when compared with the non-12p loss group [520/574 (90.6%)], 12p loss patients demonstrated a statistically significant association with specific recurrent cytogenetic markers: complex molecular karyotypes (98.1% vs 45.2%), 1p loss (50.0% vs 20.2%), t(4;14) (20.4% vs 7.7%), 8p loss (37.0% vs 15.0%), 13/13q loss (70.4% vs 41.7%), and 17p loss (33.3% vs 6.5%). The size and location of 12p losses were heterogeneous with a common 0.88 Mb minimally deleted region that included ~9 genes from ETV6 to CDKN1B in 52/54 (~96.3%) patients but did not include CD27. Our findings support 12p loss being a secondary chromosome abnormality frequently co-occurring with adverse cytogenetic markers and complex molecular karyotypes indicative of chromosome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Hung
- Cytogenetics Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Douglas Lenton
- Clinical Haematology Services, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renee Eslick
- Haematology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Maansi Joshi
- Department of Haematology, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgia McCaughan
- Haematology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha Day
- Haematology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dale Wright
- Cytogenetics Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Roy U, Raghavan SC. Deleterious point mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Mechanistic insights into leukemogenesis. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1210-1220. [PMID: 33634864 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is characterized by the leukemogenic transformation of immature T cells, which accumulate an array of genetic and epigenetic lesions, leading to a sustained proliferation of abnormal T cells. Genetic alterations in the DNA repair genes, protooncogenes, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifiers have been studied in the past decade using next-generation sequencing and high-resolution copy number arrays. While other genomic lesions like chromosomal rearrangements, inversions, insertions, and gene fusions have been well studied at functional level, the mechanism of generation of driver mutations in T-ALL is the subject of current investigation. Novel oncogenic mutations in the TP53, BRCA2, PTEN, IL7R, RAS, NOTCH1, ETV6, BCL11B, WT1, DNMT3A, PRC2, PHF6, USP7, KDM6A and an array of other genes disrupt the genetic and epigenetic homeostasis in T-ALL. In this review, we have summarized the mechanistic role of deleterious driver mutations in T-ALL initiation and progression. We speculate that the formation of non-B DNA structures could be one of the primary reasons for the occurrence of different genomic lesions seen in T-ALL, which warrants further investigation. Understanding the mechanism behind the genesis of oncogenic mutations will pave the way to develop targeted therapies that can improve the overall survival and treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urbi Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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19
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Duddu S, Chakrabarti R, Ghosh A, Shukla PC. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transcription Factors in Cardiovascular Pathology. Front Genet 2020; 11:588602. [PMID: 33193725 PMCID: PMC7596349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.588602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors as multifaceted modulators of gene expression that play a central role in cell proliferation, differentiation, lineage commitment, and disease progression. They interact among themselves and create complex spatiotemporal gene regulatory networks that modulate hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, and conditional differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into cells of cardiovascular lineage. Additionally, bone marrow-derived stem cells potentially contribute to the cardiovascular cell population and have shown potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are currently debatable. This review focuses on some key transcription factors and associated epigenetic modifications that modulate the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells. In addition to this, we aim to summarize different potential clinical therapeutic approaches in cardiac regeneration therapy and recent discoveries in stem cell-based transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Praphulla Chandra Shukla
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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20
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Fisher MH, Kirkpatrick GD, Stevens B, Jones C, Callaghan M, Rajpurkar M, Fulbright J, Cooper MA, Rowley J, Porter CC, Gutierrez-Hartmann A, Jones K, Jordan C, Pietras EM, Di Paola J. ETV6 germline mutations cause HDAC3/NCOR2 mislocalization and upregulation of interferon response genes. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140332. [PMID: 32841218 PMCID: PMC7526537 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ETV6 is an ETS family transcription factor that plays a key role in hematopoiesis and megakaryocyte development. Our group and others have identified germline mutations in ETV6 resulting in autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia and predisposition to malignancy; however, molecular mechanisms defining the role of ETV6 in megakaryocyte development have not been well established. Using a combination of molecular, biochemical, and sequencing approaches in patient-derived PBMCs, we demonstrate abnormal cytoplasmic localization of ETV6 and the HDAC3/NCOR2 repressor complex that led to overexpression of HDAC3-regulated interferon response genes. This transcriptional dysregulation was also reflected in patient-derived platelet transcripts and drove aberrant proplatelet formation in megakaryocytes. Our results suggest that aberrant transcription may predispose patients with ETV6 mutations to bone marrow inflammation, dysplasia, and megakaryocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlie H. Fisher
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program
- Medical Scientist Training Program, and
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory D. Kirkpatrick
- Medical Scientist Training Program, and
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brett Stevens
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Courtney Jones
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Callaghan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Madhvi Rajpurkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joy Fulbright
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Megan A. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesse Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Craig Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric M. Pietras
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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21
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Biswas A, Rajesh Y, Mitra P, Mandal M. ETV6 gene aberrations in non-haematological malignancies: A review highlighting ETV6 associated fusion genes in solid tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188389. [PMID: 32659251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ETV6 (translocation-Ets-leukemia virus) gene is a transcriptional repressor mainly involved in haematopoiesis and maintenance of vascular networks and has developed to be a major oncogene with the potential ability of forming fusion partners with many other genes with carcinogenic consequences. ETV6 fusions function primarily by constitutive activation of kinase activity of the fusion partners, modifications in the normal functions of ETV6 transcription factor, loss of function of ETV6 or the partner gene and activation of a proto-oncogene near the site of translocation. The role of ETV6 fusion gene in tumorigenesis has been well-documented and more variedly found in haematological malignancies. However, the role of the ETV6 oncogene in solid tumors has also risen to prominence due to an increasing number of cases being reported with this malignancy. Since, solid tumors can be well-targeted, the diagnosis of this genre of tumors based on ETV6 malignancy is of crucial importance for treatment. This review highlights the important ETV6 associated fusions in solid tumors along with critical insights as to existing and novel means of targeting it. A consolidation of novel therapies such as immune, gene, RNAi, stem cell therapy and protein degradation hitherto unused in the case of ETV6 solid tumor malignancies may open further therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pralay Mitra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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22
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Abstract
We and others recently described families with germline heterozygote mutations in ETV6 leading to autosomal dominant highly penetrant thrombocytopenia, red cell macrocytosis and predisposition to leukemia.The bone marrow of affected individuals shows erythroid dysplasia and hyperplasia of small, hypolobulated immature megakaryocytes suggesting a differentiation arrest. This discovery led to subsequent studies that confirmed our findings and to additional larger studies that demonstrated a 1% frequency of germline ETV6 mutations among 4405 individuals with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Additionally, a 4.5% prevalence of ETV6 germline mutations was reported in families with inherited thrombocytopenia. Preliminary data suggest that decreased ETV6 function leads to MK maturation arrest, impaired platelet production and differentially expressed platelet transcripts among individuals affected with ETV6 mutations when compared to control relatives. Additionally, individuals with some ETV6 mutation exhibit bleeding that appears disproportionate to the mildly reduced platelet count, suggesting a platelet function deficit. Furthermore, recent studies describe decreased ability of platelets from individuals with ETV6 mutations to spread on fibrinogen covered surfaces. Overall, ETV6 germline mutations represent a new cancer predisposition thrombocytopenia with platelet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marlie H Fisher
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA
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23
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Gianni F, Belver L, Ferrando A. The Genetics and Mechanisms of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:a035246. [PMID: 31570389 PMCID: PMC7050584 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from early T-cell progenitors. The recognition of clinical, genetic, transcriptional, and biological heterogeneity in this disease has already translated into new prognostic biomarkers, improved leukemia animal models, and emerging targeted therapies. This work reviews our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gianni
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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24
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Bloom M, Maciaszek JL, Clark ME, Pui CH, Nichols KE. Recent advances in genetic predisposition to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:55-70. [PMID: 31657974 PMCID: PMC10576863 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1685866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Historically, the majority of childhood cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), were not thought to have a hereditary basis. However, recent germline genomic studies have revealed that at least 5 - 10% of children with cancer (and approximately 3 - 4% of children with ALL) develop the disease due to an underlying genetic predisposition.Areas covered: This review discusses several recently identified ALL predisposing conditions and provides updates on other more well-established syndromes. It also covers topics related to the evaluation and management of children and family members at increased ALL risk.Expert opinion: Germline predisposition is gaining recognition as an important risk factor underlying the development of pediatric ALL. The challenge now lies in how best to capitalize on germline genetic information to improve ALL diagnosis, treatment, and perhaps even prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Bloom
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jamie L. Maciaszek
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary Egan Clark
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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25
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Borna S, Drobek A, Kralova J, Glatzova D, Splichalova I, Fabisik M, Pokorna J, Skopcova T, Angelisova P, Kanderova V, Starkova J, Stanek P, Matveichuk OV, Pavliuchenko N, Kwiatkowska K, Protty MB, Tomlinson MG, Alberich‐Jorda M, Korinek V, Brdicka T. Transmembrane adaptor protein WBP1L regulates CXCR4 signalling and murine haematopoiesis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1980-1992. [PMID: 31845480 PMCID: PMC6991692 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
WW domain binding protein 1-like (WBP1L), also known as outcome predictor of acute leukaemia 1 (OPAL1), is a transmembrane adaptor protein, expression of which correlates with ETV6-RUNX1 (t(12;21)(p13;q22)) translocation and favourable prognosis in childhood leukaemia. It has a broad expression pattern in haematopoietic and in non-haematopoietic cells. However, its physiological function has been unknown. Here, we show that WBP1L negatively regulates signalling through a critical chemokine receptor CXCR4 in multiple leucocyte subsets and cell lines. We also show that WBP1L interacts with NEDD4-family ubiquitin ligases and regulates CXCR4 ubiquitination and expression. Moreover, analysis of Wbp1l-deficient mice revealed alterations in B cell development and enhanced efficiency of bone marrow cell transplantation. Collectively, our data show that WBP1L is a novel regulator of CXCR4 signalling and haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Borna
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Ales Drobek
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jarmila Kralova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Daniela Glatzova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryJ. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Matej Fabisik
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jana Pokorna
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Tereza Skopcova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Pavla Angelisova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Veronika Kanderova
- CLIP ‐ Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague and Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP ‐ Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague and Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petr Stanek
- Second Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Orest V. Matveichuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Nataliia Pavliuchenko
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Majd B. Protty
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Present address:
Sir Geraint Evans Cardiovascular Research BuildingCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Meritxell Alberich‐Jorda
- Laboratory of HematooncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Vladimir Korinek
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Tomas Brdicka
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
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26
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Di Paola J, Porter CC. ETV6-related thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition. Blood 2019; 134:663-667. [PMID: 31248877 PMCID: PMC6706811 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019852418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ line mutations in ETV6 are responsible for a familial thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition syndrome. Thrombocytopenia is almost completely penetrant and is usually mild. Leukemia is reported in ∼30% of carriers and is most often B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mechanisms by which ETV6 dysfunction promotes thrombocytopenia and leukemia remain unclear. Care for individuals with ETV6-related thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition includes genetic counseling, treatment or prevention of excessive bleeding and surveillance for the development of hematologic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; and
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27
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Abstract
Recent molecular studies of spitzoid neoplasms have identified mutually exclusive kinase fusions involving ROS1, ALK, RET, BRAF, NTRK1, MET, and NTRK3 as early initiating genomic events. Pigmented spindle cell nevus (PSCN) of Reed is a morphologic variant of Spitz and may be very diagnostically challenging, having histologic features concerning for melanoma. Their occurrence in younger patients, lack of association to sun exposure, and rapid early growth phase similar to Spitz nevi suggest fusions may also play a significant role in these lesions. However, to date, there is little data in the literature focused on the molecular characterization of PSCN of Reed with next-generation sequencing. We analyzed a total of 129 melanocytic neoplasms with RNA sequencing including 67 spitzoid neoplasms (10 Spitz nevi, 44 atypical Spitz tumors, 13 spitzoid melanomas) and 23 PSCN of Reed. Although only 2 of 67 (3.0%) of spitzoid lesions had NTRK3 fusions, 13 of 23 (57%) of PSCN of Reed harbored NTRK3 fusions with 5' partners ETV6 (12p13) in 2 cases and MYO5A (15q21) in 11 cases. NTRK3 fusions were confirmed with a fluorescent in situ hybridization break-apart probe. The presence of a NTRK3 fusion correlated with younger age (P=0.021) and adnexal extension (P=0.001). Other minor fusions identified in PSCN of Reed included MYO5A-MERTK (2), MYO5A-ROS1, MYO5A-RET, and ETV6-PITX3 leading to a total of 78% with fusions. Our study suggests that the majority of PSCN of Reed are the result of genomic fusions, and the most frequent and characteristic genomic aberration is an NTRK3 fusion.
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28
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Abstract
Advances in genomic research and risk-directed therapy have led to improvements in the long-term survival and quality of life outcomes of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The application of next-generation sequencing technologies, especially transcriptome sequencing, has resulted in the identification of novel molecular subtypes of ALL with prognostic and therapeutic implications, as well as cooperative mutations that account for much of the heterogeneity in clinical responses observed among patients with specific ALL subtypes. In addition, germline genetic variants have been shown to influence the risk of developing ALL and/or the responses of non-malignant and leukaemia cells to therapy; shared pathways for drug activation and metabolism are implicated in treatment-related toxicity and drug sensitivity or resistance, depending on whether the genetic changes are germline, somatic or both. Indeed, although once considered a non-hereditary disease, genomic investigations of familial and sporadic ALL have revealed a growing number of genetic alterations or conditions that predispose individuals to the development of ALL and treatment-related second cancers. The identification of these genetic alterations holds the potential to direct genetic counselling, testing and possibly monitoring for the early detection of ALL and other cancers. Herein, we review these advances in our understanding of the genomic landscape of childhood ALL and their clinical implications.
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29
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Galera P, Dulau-Florea A, Calvo KR. Inherited thrombocytopenia and platelet disorders with germline predisposition to myeloid neoplasia. Int J Lab Hematol 2019; 41 Suppl 1:131-141. [PMID: 31069978 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular genetic sequencing techniques have contributed to the elucidation of previously unknown germline mutations responsible for inherited thrombocytopenia (IT). Regardless of age of presentation and severity of symptoms related to thrombocytopenia and/or platelet dysfunction, a subset of patients with IT are at increased risk of developing myeloid neoplasms during their life time, particularly those with germline autosomal dominant mutations in RUNX1, ANKRD26, and ETV6. Patients may present with isolated thrombocytopenia and megakaryocytic dysmorphia or atypia on baseline bone marrow evaluation, without constituting myelodysplasia (MDS). Bone marrow features may overlap with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or sporadic MDS leading to misdiagnosis. Progression to myelodysplastic syndrome/ acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) may be accompanied by progressive bi- or pancytopenia, multilineage dysplasia, increased blasts, cytogenetic abnormalities, acquisition of bi-allelic mutations in the underlying gene with germline mutation, or additional somatic mutations in genes associated with myeloid malignancy. A subset of patients may present with MDS/AML at a young age, underscoring the growing concern for evaluating young patients with MDS/AML for germline mutations predisposing to myeloid neoplasm. Early recognition of germline mutation and predisposition to myeloid malignancy permits appropriate treatment, adequate monitoring for disease progression, proper donor selection for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as genetic counseling of the affected patients and their family members. Herein, we describe the clinical and diagnostic features of IT with germline mutations predisposing to myeloid neoplasms focusing on mutations involving RUNX1, ANKRD26, and ETV6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Galera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hematology Section, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alina Dulau-Florea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hematology Section, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hematology Section, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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30
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Li L, Rispoli R, Patient R, Ciau-Uitz A, Porcher C. Etv6 activates vegfa expression through positive and negative transcriptional regulatory networks in Xenopus embryos. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1083. [PMID: 30842454 PMCID: PMC6403364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGFA signaling controls physiological and pathological angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Although many context-dependent signaling pathways downstream of VEGFA have been uncovered, vegfa transcriptional regulation in vivo remains unclear. Here, we show that the ETS transcription factor, Etv6, positively regulates vegfa expression during Xenopus blood stem cell development through multiple transcriptional inputs. In agreement with its established repressive functions, Etv6 directly inhibits expression of the repressor foxo3, to prevent Foxo3 from binding to and repressing the vegfa promoter. Etv6 also directly activates expression of the activator klf4; reflecting a genome-wide paucity in ETS-binding motifs in Etv6 genomic targets, Klf4 then recruits Etv6 to the vegfa promoter to activate its expression. These two mechanisms (double negative gate and feed-forward loop) are classic features of gene regulatory networks specifying cell fates. Thus, Etv6's dual function, as a transcriptional repressor and activator, controls a major signaling pathway involved in endothelial and blood development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Rossella Rispoli
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Aldo Ciau-Uitz
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Catherine Porcher
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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31
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Churpek JE, Bresnick EH. Transcription factor mutations as a cause of familial myeloid neoplasms. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:476-488. [PMID: 30707109 DOI: 10.1172/jci120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and evolution of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are driven by genomic events that disrupt multiple genes controlling hematopoiesis. Human genetic studies have discovered germline mutations in single genes that instigate familial MDS/AML. The best understood of these genes encode transcription factors, such as GATA-2, RUNX1, ETV6, and C/EBPα, which establish and maintain genetic networks governing the genesis and function of blood stem and progenitor cells. Many questions remain unanswered regarding how genes and circuits within these networks function in physiology and disease and whether network integrity is exquisitely sensitive to or efficiently buffered from perturbations. In familial MDS/AML, mutations change the coding sequence of a gene to generate a mutant protein with altered activity or introduce frameshifts or stop codons or disrupt regulatory elements to alter protein expression. Each mutation has the potential to exert quantitatively and qualitatively distinct influences on networks. Consistent with this mechanistic diversity, disease onset is unpredictable and phenotypic variability can be considerable. Efforts to elucidate mechanisms and forge prognostic and therapeutic strategies must therefore contend with a spectrum of patient-specific leukemogenic scenarios. Here we illustrate mechanistic advances in our understanding of familial MDS/AML syndromes caused by germline mutations of hematopoietic transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Churpek
- Section of Hematology/Oncology and Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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32
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Lu R, Rogan PK. Transcription factor binding site clusters identify target genes with similar tissue-wide expression and buffer against mutations. F1000Res 2018; 7:1933. [PMID: 31001412 PMCID: PMC6464064 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17363.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The distribution and composition of cis-regulatory modules composed of transcription factor (TF) binding site (TFBS) clusters in promoters substantially determine gene expression patterns and TF targets. TF knockdown experiments have revealed that TF binding profiles and gene expression levels are correlated. We use TFBS features within accessible promoter intervals to predict genes with similar tissue-wide expression patterns and TF targets. Methods: Genes with correlated expression patterns across 53 tissues and TF targets were respectively identified from Bray-Curtis Similarity and TF knockdown experiments. Corresponding promoter sequences were reduced to DNase I-accessible intervals; TFBSs were then identified within these intervals using information theory-based position weight matrices for each TF (iPWMs) and clustered. Features from information-dense TFBS clusters predicted these genes with machine learning classifiers, which were evaluated for accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. Mutations in TFBSs were analyzed to in silico examine their impact on cluster densities and the regulatory states of target genes. Results: We initially chose the glucocorticoid receptor gene ( NR3C1), whose regulation has been extensively studied, to test this approach. SLC25A32 and TANK were found to exhibit the most similar expression patterns to NR3C1. A Decision Tree classifier exhibited the largest area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve in detecting such genes. Target gene prediction was confirmed using siRNA knockdown of TFs, which was found to be more accurate than those predicted after CRISPR/CAS9 inactivation. In-silico mutation analyses of TFBSs also revealed that one or more information-dense TFBS clusters in promoters are required for accurate target gene prediction. Conclusions: Machine learning based on TFBS information density, organization, and chromatin accessibility accurately identifies gene targets with comparable tissue-wide expression patterns. Multiple information-dense TFBS clusters in promoters appear to protect promoters from effects of deleterious binding site mutations in a single TFBS that would otherwise alter regulation of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Lu
- Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Peter K. Rogan
- Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Cytognomix, London, Ontario, N5X 3X5, Canada
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33
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Lu R, Rogan PK. Transcription factor binding site clusters identify target genes with similar tissue-wide expression and buffer against mutations. F1000Res 2018; 7:1933. [PMID: 31001412 PMCID: PMC6464064 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17363.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The distribution and composition of cis-regulatory modules composed of transcription factor (TF) binding site (TFBS) clusters in promoters substantially determine gene expression patterns and TF targets. TF knockdown experiments have revealed that TF binding profiles and gene expression levels are correlated. We use TFBS features within accessible promoter intervals to predict genes with similar tissue-wide expression patterns and TF targets using Machine Learning (ML). Methods: Bray-Curtis Similarity was used to identify genes with correlated expression patterns across 53 tissues. TF targets from knockdown experiments were also analyzed by this approach to set up the ML framework. TFBSs were selected within DNase I-accessible intervals of corresponding promoter sequences using information theory-based position weight matrices (iPWMs) for each TF. Features from information-dense clusters of TFBSs were input to ML classifiers which predict these gene targets along with their accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. Mutations in TFBSs were analyzed in silico to examine their impact on TFBS clustering and predict changes in gene regulation. Results: The glucocorticoid receptor gene ( NR3C1), whose regulation has been extensively studied, was selected to test this approach. SLC25A32 and TANK exhibited the most similar expression patterns to NR3C1. A Decision Tree classifier exhibited the best performance in detecting such genes, based on Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC). TF target gene prediction was confirmed using siRNA knockdown, which was more accurate than CRISPR/CAS9 inactivation. TFBS mutation analyses revealed that accurate target gene prediction required at least 1 information-dense TFBS cluster. Conclusions: ML based on TFBS information density, organization, and chromatin accessibility accurately identifies gene targets with comparable tissue-wide expression patterns. Multiple information-dense TFBS clusters in promoters appear to protect promoters from effects of deleterious binding site mutations in a single TFBS that would otherwise alter regulation of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Lu
- Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Peter K. Rogan
- Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Cytognomix, London, Ontario, N5X 3X5, Canada
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34
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Xie W, Wang SA, Hu S, Xu J, Medeiros LJ, Tang G. Myeloproliferative neoplasm with ABL1/ETV6 rearrangement mimics chronic myeloid leukemia and responds to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Genet 2018; 228-229:41-46. [PMID: 30553471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) associated with ABL1-ETV6 fusions are rare and poorly characterized. To date, less than 20 cases of ABL1-ETV6+ MPN have been reported. We report a 47-year-old man who presented with MPN with clinicopathologic features resembling chronic myeloid leukemia, but there was no evidence of t(9;22)(p34.1;q11.2) or BCR-ABL1 fusion. Conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed ins(12;9)(p13;q34q34) that led to ETV6-ABL1 fusion. The patient responded well to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and achieved remission for 7 years.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Dasatinib/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/drug therapy
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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35
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Neveu B, Caron M, Lagacé K, Richer C, Sinnett D. Genome wide mapping of ETV6 binding sites in pre-B leukemic cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15526. [PMID: 30341373 PMCID: PMC6195514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the transcriptional repressor ETV6 are associated with hematological malignancies. Notably, the t(12;21) translocation leading to an ETV6-AML1 fusion gene is the most common genetic alteration found in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Moreover, most of these patients also lack ETV6 expression, suggesting a tumor suppressor function. To gain insights on ETV6 DNA-binding specificity and genome wide transcriptional regulation capacities, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments coupled to deep sequencing in a t(12;21)-positive pre-B leukemic cell line. This strategy led to the identification of ETV6-bound regions that were further associated to gene expression. ETV6 binding is mostly cell type-specific as only few regions are shared with other blood cell subtypes. Peaks localization and motif enrichment analyses revealed that this unique binding profile could be associated with the ETV6-AML1 fusion protein specific to the t(12;21) background. This study underscores the complexity of ETV6 binding and uncovers ETV6 transcriptional network in pre-B leukemia cells bearing the recurrent t(12;21) translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neveu
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Maxime Caron
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Karine Lagacé
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Chantal Richer
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
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36
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Roberts KG, Janke LJ, Zhao Y, Seth A, Ma J, Finkelstein D, Smith S, Ebata K, Tuch BB, Hunger SP, Mullighan CG. ETV6-NTRK3 induces aggressive acute lymphoblastic leukemia highly sensitive to selective TRK inhibition. Blood 2018; 132:861-865. [PMID: 29880614 PMCID: PMC6107883 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-05-849554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aman Seth
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, and
| | | | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Childhood Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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37
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Malouf C, Ottersbach K. Molecular processes involved in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:417-446. [PMID: 28819864 PMCID: PMC5765206 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell leukaemia is one of the most frequent malignancies in the paediatric population, but also affects a significant proportion of adults in developed countries. The majority of infant and paediatric cases initiate the process of leukaemogenesis during foetal development (in utero) through the formation of a chromosomal translocation or the acquisition/deletion of genetic material (hyperdiploidy or hypodiploidy, respectively). This first genetic insult is the major determinant for the prognosis and therapeutic outcome of patients. B cell leukaemia in adults displays similar molecular features as its paediatric counterpart. However, since this disease is highly represented in the infant and paediatric population, this review will focus on this demographic group and summarise the biological, clinical and epidemiological knowledge on B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of four well characterised subtypes: t(4;11) MLL-AF4, t(12;21) ETV6-RUNX1, t(1;19) E2A-PBX1 and t(9;22) BCR-ABL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Malouf
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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38
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39
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Potts KS, Bowman TV. Modeling Myeloid Malignancies Using Zebrafish. Front Oncol 2017; 7:297. [PMID: 29255698 PMCID: PMC5722844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human myeloid malignancies represent a substantial disease burden to individuals, with significant morbidity and death. The genetic underpinnings of disease formation and progression remain incompletely understood. Large-scale human population studies have identified a high frequency of potential driver mutations in spliceosomal and epigenetic regulators that contribute to malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and leukemias. The high conservation of cell types and genes between humans and model organisms permits the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of leukemic development and potential therapeutic testing in genetically pliable pre-clinical systems. Due to the many technical advantages, such as large-scale screening, lineage-tracing studies, tumor transplantation, and high-throughput drug screening approaches, zebrafish is emerging as a model system for myeloid malignancies. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MDS and leukemia using the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Potts
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Teresa V Bowman
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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40
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Abstract
Key Points
Leukemic cells in an inv(3)(q21q26) EVI1 misexpression mouse model are able to differentiate toward myeloid lineage. Gata2 heterozygous deletion accelerates EVI1 misexpression leukemia by inducing a proliferation and differentiation defect in leukemia cells.
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41
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Rasighaemi P, Ward AC. ETV6 and ETV7: Siblings in hematopoiesis and its disruption in disease. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:106-115. [PMID: 28693791 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ETV6 (TEL1) and ETV7 (TEL2) are closely-related members of the ETS family of transcriptional regulators. Both ETV6 and ETV7 have been demonstrated to play key roles in hematopoiesis, particularly with regard to maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and control of lineage-specific differentiation, with evidence of functional interactions between both proteins. ETV6 has been strongly implicated in the molecular etiology of a number of hematopoietic diseases, including as a tumor suppressor, an oncogenic fusion partner, and an important regulator of thrombopoiesis, but recent evidence has also identified ETV7 as a potential oncogene in certain malignancies. This review provides an overview of ETV6 and ETV7 and their contribution to both normal and disrupted hematopoiesis. It also highlights the key clinical implications of the growing knowledge base regarding ETV6 abnormalities with respect to prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rasighaemi
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
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42
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Feurstein S, Godley LA. Germline ETV6 mutations and predisposition to hematological malignancies. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:189-195. [PMID: 28555414 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with thrombocytopenia 5 have an autosomal dominant disorder of decreased platelet number with tendency to bleed, usually presenting in childhood, and have been found to have germline mutations in ETV6, which encodes a master hematopoietic transcription factor. Some patients who present similarly have inherited mutations in RUNX1 or ANKRD26. All three germline syndromes are also associated with a predisposition to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute leukemia (AL). Since the first description of germline ETV6 mutations, 18 families have been reported. The common phenotype is mild to moderate thrombocytopenia with a variable predisposition to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and MDS. This review will focus upon the role of ETV6 in hematopoiesis, especially in myeloid differentiation and maturation, and will describe the functional effects of mutant ETV6. The review will also provide an overview of common clinical features as well as recommendations for patient screening and follow-up and will debate whether additional clinical features should be included with the germline ETV6 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Feurstein
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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43
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Krzanowski J, Madzio J, Pastorczak A, Tracz A, Braun M, Tabarkiewicz J, Pluta A, Młynarski W, Zawlik I. Selected miRNA levels are associated with IKZF1 microdeletions in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3853-3861. [PMID: 28927157 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of children with high-risk relapsed B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is poor. The present study assessed the utility and prognostic value of selected microRNA (miRNA/miR) in BCP-ALL. The changes in the expression levels of these miRNAs regarding known gene lesions affecting lymphoid development [early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1), ETS variant 6 (ETV6), IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1), paired box 5 (PAX5), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN) 2A/CDKN2B, retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1), B-cell translocation gene 1 protein (BTG1)] were analyzed. The following miRNAs were analyzed: miR-24, miR-31, miR-128, miR-542, and miR-708. The present study focused on patients with deletions of the IKAROS transcriptional factor gene IKZF1, which is currently considered to be an independent negative prognostic factor for ALL outcome. It was demonstrated that the expression level of miR-128 was significantly lower in patients with IKZF1 deletion compared with patients without IKZF1 deletion. Additionally, low expression of miR-542 was associated with CDKN2A/B and miR-31deletions, and low expression of miR-24 was associated with miR-31 deletion. Low expression of miR-31, miR-24, miR-708 and miR-128 was associated with PAX5 deletion, high expression of miR-24 and miR-542 was associated with PAR1 deletion and high expression of miR-708 was associated with ETV6 deletion. The expression of the selected miRNAs was not associated with deletions of BTG1, EBF1 and RB1. These data, by emphasizing the association of miRNAs expression level with microdeletions, may assist to elucidate ALL biology and contribute to future studies on the possible applications of the miRNA profile for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krzanowski
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - J Madzio
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland
| | - A Tracz
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland
| | - M Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - J Tabarkiewicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.,Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - A Pluta
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - W Młynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland
| | - I Zawlik
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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44
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Léon C, Dupuis A, Gachet C, Lanza F. The contribution of mouse models to the understanding of constitutional thrombocytopenia. Haematologica 2017; 101:896-908. [PMID: 27478199 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.139394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutional thrombocytopenias result from platelet production abnormalities of hereditary origin. Long misdiagnosed and poorly studied, knowledge about these rare diseases has increased considerably over the last twenty years due to improved technology for the identification of mutations, as well as an improvement in obtaining megakaryocyte culture from patient hematopoietic stem cells. Simultaneously, the manipulation of mouse genes (transgenesis, total or conditional inactivation, introduction of point mutations, random chemical mutagenesis) have helped to generate disease models that have contributed greatly to deciphering patient clinical and laboratory features. Most of the thrombocytopenias for which the mutated genes have been identified now have a murine model counterpart. This review focuses on the contribution that these mouse models have brought to the understanding of hereditary thrombocytopenias with respect to what was known in humans. Animal models have either i) provided novel information on the molecular and cellular pathways that were missing from the patient studies; ii) improved our understanding of the mechanisms of thrombocytopoiesis; iii) been instrumental in structure-function studies of the mutated gene products; and iv) been an invaluable tool as preclinical models to test new drugs or develop gene therapies. At present, the genetic determinants of thrombocytopenia remain unknown in almost half of all cases. Currently available high-speed sequencing techniques will identify new candidate genes, which will in turn allow the generation of murine models to confirm and further study the abnormal phenotype. In a complementary manner, programs of random mutagenesis in mice should also identify new candidate genes involved in thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Léon
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
| | - Christian Gachet
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
| | - François Lanza
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
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45
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Abstract
The ETV6 (also known as TEL) gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that plays a critical role in hematopoiesis and in embryonic development. While somatic ETV6 translocations and missense mutations are frequently observed in human cancers, the role of ETV6 in malignant transformation was unclear. Recently, autosomal dominant germline ETV6 mutations were discovered in families with inherited thrombocytopenia and a propensity to develop hematological malignancy, unequivocally demonstrating a role for ETV6 in leukemogenesis. Studies of germline ETV6 mutations also uncovered an important function of ETV6 in megakaryocyte development. Here we discuss our current understanding of the role of ETV6 in malignancy and in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Hock
- Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA.
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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46
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Poggi M, Canault M, Favier M, Turro E, Saultier P, Ghalloussi D, Baccini V, Vidal L, Mezzapesa A, Chelghoum N, Mohand-Oumoussa B, Falaise C, Favier R, Ouwehand WH, Fiore M, Peiretti F, Morange PE, Saut N, Bernot D, Greinacher A, BioResource N, Nurden AT, Nurden P, Freson K, Trégouët DA, Raslova H, Alessi MC. Germline variants in ETV6 underlie reduced platelet formation, platelet dysfunction and increased levels of circulating CD34+ progenitors. Haematologica 2017; 102:282-294. [PMID: 27663637 PMCID: PMC5286936 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.147694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in ETV6, which encodes a transcription repressor of the E26 transformation-specific family, have recently been reported to be responsible for inherited thrombocytopenia and hematologic malignancy. We sequenced the DNA from cases with unexplained dominant thrombocytopenia and identified six likely pathogenic variants in ETV6, of which five are novel. We observed low repressive activity of all tested ETV6 variants, and variants located in the E26 transformation-specific binding domain (encoding p.A377T, p.Y401N) led to reduced binding to corepressors. We also observed a large expansion of megakaryocyte colony-forming units derived from variant carriers and reduced proplatelet formation with abnormal cytoskeletal organization. The defect in proplatelet formation was also observed in control CD34+ cell-derived megakaryocytes transduced with lentiviral particles encoding mutant ETV6. Reduced expression levels of key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton CDC42 and RHOA were measured. Moreover, changes in the actin structures are typically accompanied by a rounder platelet shape with a highly heterogeneous size, decreased platelet arachidonic response, and spreading and retarded clot retraction in ETV6 deficient platelets. Elevated numbers of circulating CD34+ cells were found in p.P214L and p.Y401N carriers, and two patients from different families suffered from refractory anemia with excess blasts, while one patient from a third family was successfully treated for acute myeloid leukemia. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the role of ETV6 as a driver of cytoskeletal regulatory gene expression during platelet production, and the impact of variants resulting in platelets with altered size, shape and function and potentially also in changes in circulating progenitor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Poggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marie Favier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
- Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, University Paris Sud, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology and National Health Service Blood & Transplant, Cambridge University, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Saultier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Lea Vidal
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
| | - Anna Mezzapesa
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
| | - Nadjim Chelghoum
- Post-Genomic Platform of Pitié-Salpêtrière (P3S), Pierre and Marie Curie University, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Badreddine Mohand-Oumoussa
- Post-Genomic Platform of Pitié-Salpêtrière (P3S), Pierre and Marie Curie University, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Céline Falaise
- French Reference-Center on Inherited Platelet Disorders, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Favier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology and National Health Service Blood & Transplant, Cambridge University, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathieu Fiore
- French Reference-Center on Inherited Platelet Disorders, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Pierre Emmanuel Morange
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
- French Reference-Center on Inherited Platelet Disorders, Marseille, France
| | - Noémie Saut
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
- French Reference-Center on Inherited Platelet Disorders, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Bernot
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nihr BioResource
- NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK
| | - Alan T Nurden
- LIRYC, Plateforme Technologique et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Paquita Nurden
- French Reference-Center on Inherited Platelet Disorders, Marseille, France
- LIRYC, Plateforme Technologique et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F-75013 Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), UMR_S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, University Paris Sud, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
- French Reference-Center on Inherited Platelet Disorders, Marseille, France
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47
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Pošćić N, Montanari T, D’Andrea M, Licastro D, Pilla F, Ajmone-Marsan P, Minuti A, Sgorlon S. Breed and adaptive response modulate bovine peripheral blood cells' transcriptome. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:11. [PMID: 28149510 PMCID: PMC5264304 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive response includes a variety of physiological modifications to face changes in external or internal conditions and adapt to a new situation. The acute phase proteins (APPs) are reactants synthesized against environmental stimuli like stress, infection, inflammation. METHODS To delineate the differences in molecular constituents of adaptive response to the environment we performed the whole-blood transcriptome analysis in Italian Holstein (IH) and Italian Simmental (IS) breeds. For this, 663 IH and IS cows from six commercial farms were clustered according to the blood level of APPs. Ten extreme individuals (five APP+ and APP- variants) from each farm were selected for the RNA-seq using the Illumina sequencing technology. Differentially expressed (DE) genes were analyzed using dynamic impact approach (DIA) and DAVID annotation clustering. Milk production data were statistically elaborated to assess the association of APP+ and APP- gene expression patterns with variations in milk parameters. RESULTS The overall de novo assembly of cDNA sequence data generated 13,665 genes expressed in bovine blood cells. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 1,152 DE genes in the comparison of all APP+ vs. all APP- variants; 531 and 217 DE genes specific for IH and IS comparison respectively. In all comparisons overexpressed genes were more represented than underexpressed ones. DAVID analysis revealed 369 DE genes across breeds, 173 and 73 DE genes in IH and IS comparison respectively. Among the most impacted pathways for both breeds were vitamin B6 metabolism, folate biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Both DIA and DAVID approaches produced a high number of significantly impacted genes and pathways with a narrow connection to adaptive response in cows with high level of blood APPs. A similar variation in gene expression and impacted pathways between APP+ and APP- variants was found between two studied breeds. Such similarity was also confirmed by annotation clustering of the DE genes. However, IH breed showed higher and more differentiated impacts compared to IS breed and such particular features in the IH adaptive response could be explained by its higher metabolic activity. Variations of milk production data were significantly associated with APP+ and APP- gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Pošćić
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Science (DI4A), University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Tommaso Montanari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Science (DI4A), University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia D’Andrea
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Danilo Licastro
- CBM S.c.r.l, SS 14 – km 163.5 AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, TS Italy
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Institute of Zootechnics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29133 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Institute of Zootechnics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29133 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Sandy Sgorlon
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Science (DI4A), University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
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48
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Sundaresh A, Williams O. Mechanism of ETV6-RUNX1 Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:201-216. [PMID: 28299659 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation is the most frequently occurring single genetic abnormality in pediatric leukemia. This translocation results in the fusion of the ETV6 and RUNX1 genes. Since its discovery in the 1990s, the function of the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene has attracted intense interest. In this chapter, we will summarize current knowledge on the clinical significance of ETV6-RUNX1, the experimental models used to unravel its function in leukemogenesis, the identification of co-operating mutations and the mechanisms responsible for their acquisition, the function of the encoded transcription factor and finally, the future therapeutic approaches available to mitigate the associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sundaresh
- Cancer section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Owen Williams
- Cancer section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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49
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Unnikrishnan A, Guan YF, Huang Y, Beck D, Thoms JAI, Peirs S, Knezevic K, Ma S, de Walle IV, de Jong I, Ali Z, Zhong L, Raftery MJ, Taghon T, Larsson J, MacKenzie KL, Van Vlierberghe P, Wong JWH, Pimanda JE. A quantitative proteomics approach identifies ETV6 and IKZF1 as new regulators of an ERG-driven transcriptional network. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10644-10661. [PMID: 27604872 PMCID: PMC5159545 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant stem cell-like gene regulatory networks are a feature of leukaemogenesis. The ETS-related gene (ERG), an important regulator of normal haematopoiesis, is also highly expressed in T-ALL and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, the transcriptional regulation of ERG in leukaemic cells remains poorly understood. In order to discover transcriptional regulators of ERG, we employed a quantitative mass spectrometry-based method to identify factors binding the 321 bp ERG +85 stem cell enhancer region in MOLT-4 T-ALL and KG-1 AML cells. Using this approach, we identified a number of known binders of the +85 enhancer in leukaemic cells along with previously unknown binders, including ETV6 and IKZF1. We confirmed that ETV6 and IKZF1 were also bound at the +85 enhancer in both leukaemic cells and in healthy human CD34+ haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Knockdown experiments confirmed that ETV6 and IKZF1 are transcriptional regulators not just of ERG, but also of a number of genes regulated by a densely interconnected network of seven transcription factors. At last, we show that ETV6 and IKZF1 expression levels are positively correlated with expression of a number of heptad genes in AML and high expression of all nine genes confers poorer overall prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Consensus Sequence
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Ikaros Transcription Factor/physiology
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Protein Binding
- Proteome
- Proteomics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Regulator ERG/physiology
- ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Unnikrishnan
- Adult Cancer Program, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yi F Guan
- Adult Cancer Program, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Adult Cancer Program, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Adult Cancer Program, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie A I Thoms
- Adult Cancer Program, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Sofie Peirs
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Software, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Kathy Knezevic
- Adult Cancer Program, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Shiyong Ma
- Adult Cancer Program, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Inge V de Walle
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ineke de Jong
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zara Ali
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052 Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mark J Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tom Taghon
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karen L MacKenzie
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052 Australia
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Software, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Jason W H Wong
- Adult Cancer Program, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Adult Cancer Program, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
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50
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Neveu B, Spinella JF, Richer C, Lagacé K, Cassart P, Lajoie M, Jananji S, Drouin S, Healy J, Hickson GRX, Sinnett D. CLIC5: a novel ETV6 target gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2016; 101:1534-1543. [PMID: 27540136 PMCID: PMC5479611 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.149740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common rearrangement in childhood precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation resulting in the ETV6-AML1 fusion gene. A frequent concomitant event is the loss of the residual ETV6 allele suggesting a critical role for the ETV6 transcriptional repressor in the etiology of this cancer. However, the precise mechanism through which loss of functional ETV6 contributes to disease pathogenesis is still unclear. To investigate the impact of ETV6 loss on the transcriptional network and to identify new transcriptional targets of ETV6, we used whole transcriptome analysis of both pre-B leukemic cell lines and patients combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation. Using this integrative approach, we identified 4 novel direct ETV6 target genes: CLIC5, BIRC7, ANGPTL2 and WBP1L To further evaluate the role of chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC5 in leukemogenesis, we generated cell lines overexpressing CLIC5 and demonstrated an increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. We further described the implications of CLIC5's ion channel activity in lysosomal-mediated cell death, possibly by modulating the function of the transferrin receptor with which it colocalizes intracellularly. For the first time, we showed that loss of ETV6 leads to significant overexpression of CLIC5, which in turn leads to decreased lysosome-mediated apoptosis. Our data suggest that heightened CLIC5 activity could promote a permissive environment for oxidative stress-induced DNA damage accumulation, and thereby contribute to leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neveu
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Spinella
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Molecular biology program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Karine Lagacé
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Simon Drouin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jasmine Healy
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gilles R X Hickson
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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