1
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Chang L, Chen Q, Wang B, Liu J, Zhang M, Zhu W, Jiang J. Single cell RNA analysis uncovers the cell differentiation and functionalization for air breathing of frog lung. Commun Biol 2024; 7:665. [PMID: 38816547 PMCID: PMC11139932 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution and development of vertebrate lungs have been widely studied due to their significance in terrestrial adaptation. Amphibians possess the most primitive lungs among tetrapods, underscoring their evolutionary importance in bridging the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life. However, the intricate process of cell differentiation during amphibian lung development remains poorly understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify 13 cell types in the developing lungs of a land-dwelling frog (Microhyla fissipes). We elucidate the differentiation trajectories and mechanisms of mesenchymal cells, identifying five cell fates and their respective driver genes. Using temporal dynamics analyses, we reveal the gene expression switches of epithelial cells, which facilitate air breathing during metamorphosis. Furthermore, by integrating the published data from another amphibian and two terrestrial mammals, we illuminate both conserved and divergent cellular repertoires during the evolution of tetrapod lungs. These findings uncover the frog lung cell differentiation trajectories and functionalization for breathing in air and provide valuable insights into the cell-type evolution of vertebrate lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiongyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Leung AOW, Poon ACH, Wang X, Feng C, Chen P, Zheng Z, To MK, Chan WCW, Cheung M, Chan D. Suppression of apoptosis impairs phalangeal joint formation in the pathogenesis of brachydactyly type A1. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2229. [PMID: 38472182 PMCID: PMC10933404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis occurs during development when a separation of tissues is needed. Synovial joint formation is initiated at the presumptive site (interzone) within a cartilage anlagen, with changes in cellular differentiation leading to cavitation and tissue separation. Apoptosis has been detected in phalangeal joints during development, but its role and regulation have not been defined. Here, we use a mouse model of brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1) with an IhhE95K mutation, to show that a missing middle phalangeal bone is due to the failure of the developing joint to cavitate, associated with reduced apoptosis, and a joint is not formed. We showed an intricate relationship between IHH and interacting partners, CDON and GAS1, in the interzone that regulates apoptosis. We propose a model in which CDON/GAS1 may act as dependence receptors in this context. Normally, the IHH level is low at the center of the interzone, enabling the "ligand-free" CDON/GAS1 to activate cell death for cavitation. In BDA1, a high concentration of IHH suppresses apoptosis. Our findings provided new insights into the role of IHH and CDON in joint formation, with relevance to hedgehog signaling in developmental biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian On Wah Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew Chung Hin Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Hebei Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong -Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengfan Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael KaiTsun To
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong -Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson Cheuk Wing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong -Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Inoue Y, Kumagai K, Ishikawa K, Kato I, Kusaba Y, Naka T, Nagashima K, Choe H, Ike H, Kobayashi N, Inaba Y. Increased Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling is associated with chondrogenesis in meniscal degeneration. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38440852 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between chondrogenic differentiation and Wnt signal expression in the degenerative process of the human meniscus. Menisci were obtained from patients with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA), and degeneration was histologically assessed using a grading system. Immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot analysis were performed to examine the expressions of chondrogenic markers and of the components of Wnt signaling. Histological analyses showed that meniscal degeneration involved a transition from a fibroblastic to a chondrogenic phenotype with the upregulation of SOX9, collagen type II, collagen type XI, and aggrecan, which were associated with increased Wnt5a and ROR2 and decreased TCF7 expressions. OA menisci showed significantly higher expressions of Wnt5a and ROR2 and significantly lower expressions of AXIN2 and TCF7 than non-OA menisci on real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. These results potentially demonstrated that increased expression of Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling promoted chondrogenesis with decreased expression in downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This study provides insights into the role of Wnt signaling in the process of meniscal degeneration, shifting to a chondrogenic phenotype. The findings suggested that the increased expression of Wnt5a/ROR2 and decreased expression of the downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are associated with chondrogenesis in meniscal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kimi Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Youhei Kusaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuma Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nagashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hyonmin Choe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ike
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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4
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Manigbas CA, Jadhav B, Garg P, Shadrina M, Lee W, Martin-Trujillo A, Sharp AJ. A phenome-wide association study of tandem repeat variation in 168,554 individuals from the UK Biobank. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.22.24301630. [PMID: 38343850 PMCID: PMC10854328 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.24301630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Most genetic association studies focus on binary variants. To identify the effects of multi-allelic variation of tandem repeats (TRs) on human traits, we performed direct TR genotyping and phenome-wide association studies in 168,554 individuals from the UK Biobank, identifying 47 TRs showing causal associations with 73 traits. We replicated 23 of 31 (74%) of these causal associations in the All of Us cohort. While this set included several known repeat expansion disorders, novel associations we found were attributable to common polymorphic variation in TR length rather than rare expansions and include e.g. a coding polyhistidine motif in HRCT1 influencing risk of hypertension and a poly(CGC) in the 5'UTR of GNB2 influencing heart rate. Causal TRs were strongly enriched for associations with local gene expression and DNA methylation. Our study highlights the contribution of multi-allelic TRs to the "missing heritability" of the human genome.
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5
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Grall E, Feregrino C, Fischer S, De Courten A, Sacher F, Hiscock TW, Tschopp P. Self-organized BMP signaling dynamics underlie the development and evolution of digit segmentation patterns in birds and mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304470121. [PMID: 38175868 PMCID: PMC10786279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304470121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Repeating patterns of synovial joints are a highly conserved feature of articulated digits, with variations in joint number and location resulting in diverse digit morphologies and limb functions across the tetrapod clade. During the development of the amniote limb, joints form iteratively within the growing digit ray, as a population of distal progenitors alternately specifies joint and phalanx cell fates to segment the digit into distinct elements. While numerous molecular pathways have been implicated in this fate choice, it remains unclear how they give rise to a repeating pattern. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial gene expression profiling, we investigate the transcriptional dynamics of interphalangeal joint specification in vivo. Combined with mathematical modeling, we predict that interactions within the BMP signaling pathway-between the ligand GDF5, the inhibitor NOGGIN, and the intracellular effector pSMAD-result in a self-organizing Turing system that forms periodic joint patterns. Our model is able to recapitulate the spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics observed in vivo, as well as phenocopy digit malformations caused by BMP pathway perturbations. By contrasting in silico simulations with in vivo morphometrics of two morphologically distinct digits, we show how changes in signaling parameters and growth dynamics can result in variations in the size and number of phalanges. Together, our results reveal a self-organizing mechanism that underpins amniote digit segmentation and its evolvability and, more broadly, illustrate how Turing systems based on a single molecular pathway may generate complex repetitive patterns in a wide variety of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Grall
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Christian Feregrino
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Fischer
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Aline De Courten
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Sacher
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Tom W. Hiscock
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Tschopp
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
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Tonutti A, Granata V, Marrella V, Sobacchi C, Ragusa R, Sconza C, Rani N, Di Matteo B, Ceribelli A. The role of WNT and IL-1 signaling in osteoarthritis: therapeutic implications for platelet-rich plasma therapy. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1201019. [PMID: 37362206 PMCID: PMC10285667 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1201019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Different from inflammatory arthritis, where biologicals and targeted synthetic molecules have revolutionized the disease course, no drug has demonstrated a disease modifying activity in osteoarthritis, which remains one of the most common causes of disability and chronic pain worldwide. The pharmacological therapy of osteoarthritis is mainly directed towards symptom and pain relief, and joint replacement is still the only curative strategy. Elucidating the disease pathophysiology is essential to understand which mechanisms can be targeted by innovative therapies. It has extensively been demonstrated that aberrant WNT and IL-1 signaling pathways are responsible for cartilage degeneration, impaired chondrocyte metabolism and differentiation, increased extracellular matrix degradation, and altered subchondral bone homeostasis. Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous blood derivative containing a concentration of platelets that is much higher than the whole blood counterpart and has shown promising results in the treatment of early knee osteoarthritis. Among the proposed mechanisms, the modulation of WNT and IL-1 pathways is of paramount importance and is herein reviewed in light of the proposed regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tonutti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Valentina Granata
- Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Milan Unit, National Research Council—Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Marrella
- Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Milan Unit, National Research Council—Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Sobacchi
- Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Milan Unit, National Research Council—Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Ragusa
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Sconza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Rani
- Conservative Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Berardo Di Matteo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Division of Orthopedics, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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7
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Li X, Han Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Feng C. Role of Wnt signaling pathway in joint development and cartilage degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1181619. [PMID: 37363728 PMCID: PMC10285172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1181619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disease that affects approximately 500 million people worldwide. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment available to stop or delay the degenerative progression of joint disease. Wnt signaling pathways play fundamental roles in the regulation of growth, development, and homeostasis of articular cartilage. This review aims to summarize the role of Wnt pathways in joint development during embryonic stages and in cartilage maintenance throughout adult life. Specifically, we focus on aberrant mechanical loading and inflammation as major players in OA progression. Excessive mechanical load activates Wnt pathway in chondrocytes, resulting in chondrocyte apoptosis, matrix destruction and other osteoarthritis-related changes. Additionally, we discuss emerging Wnt-related modulators and present an overview of emerging treatments of OA targeting Wnt signaling. Ultimately, this review provides valuable insights towards discovering new drugs or gene therapies targeting Wnt signaling pathway for diagnosing and treating osteoarthritis and other degenerative joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guimiao Li
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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8
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Gill AK, McCormick PJ, Sochart D, Nalesso G. Wnt signalling in the articular cartilage: A matter of balance. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:56-63. [PMID: 36843204 PMCID: PMC10009303 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the articular cartilage is a hallmark of osteoarthritis, a progressive and chronic musculoskeletal condition, affecting millions of people worldwide. The activation of several signalling cascades is altered during disease development: among them, the Wnt signalling plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Increasing evidence is showing that its activation needs to be maintained within a certain range to avoid the triggering of degenerative mechanisms. In this review, we summarise our current knowledge about how a balanced activation of the Wnt signalling is maintained in the articular cartilage, with a particular focus on receptor-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur Gill
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - David Sochart
- South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom, UK
| | - Giovanna Nalesso
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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9
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Yao Q, Wu X, Tao C, Gong W, Chen M, Qu M, Zhong Y, He T, Chen S, Xiao G. Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:56. [PMID: 36737426 PMCID: PMC9898571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing and tearing of articular cartilage, but it is now more commonly referred to as a chronic whole-joint disorder that is initiated with biochemical and cellular alterations in the synovial joint tissues, which leads to the histological and structural changes of the joint and ends up with the whole tissue dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for OA, partly due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanism of the initiation and progression of the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of pathological signaling pathways and key molecules involved in OA pathogenesis is crucial for therapeutic target design and drug development. In this review, we first summarize the epidemiology of OA, including its prevalence, incidence and burdens, and OA risk factors. We then focus on the roles and regulation of the pathological signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, focal adhesion, HIFs, TGFβ/ΒΜP and FGF signaling pathways, and key regulators AMPK, mTOR, and RUNX2 in the onset and development of OA. In addition, the roles of factors associated with OA, including MMPs, ADAMTS/ADAMs, and PRG4, are discussed in detail. Finally, we provide updates on the current clinical therapies and clinical trials of biological treatments and drugs for OA. Research advances in basic knowledge of articular cartilage biology and OA pathogenesis will have a significant impact and translational value in developing OA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chu Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiyuan Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingjue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Murphy P, Rolfe RA. Building a Co-ordinated Musculoskeletal System: The Plasticity of the Developing Skeleton in Response to Muscle Contractions. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023; 236:81-110. [PMID: 37955772 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal musculature and the cartilage, bone and other connective tissues of the skeleton are intimately co-ordinated. The shape, size and structure of each bone in the body is sculpted through dynamic physical stimuli generated by muscle contraction, from early development, with onset of the first embryo movements, and through repair and remodelling in later life. The importance of muscle movement during development is shown by congenital abnormalities where infants that experience reduced movement in the uterus present a sequence of skeletal issues including temporary brittle bones and joint dysplasia. A variety of animal models, utilising different immobilisation scenarios, have demonstrated the precise timing and events that are dependent on mechanical stimulation from movement. This chapter lays out the evidence for skeletal system dependence on muscle movement, gleaned largely from mouse and chick immobilised embryos, showing the many aspects of skeletal development affected. Effects are seen in joint development, ossification, the size and shape of skeletal rudiments and tendons, including compromised mechanical function. The enormous plasticity of the skeletal system in response to muscle contraction is a key factor in building a responsive, functional system. Insights from this work have implications for our understanding of morphological evolution, particularly the challenging concept of emergence of new structures. It is also providing insight for the potential of physical therapy for infants suffering the effects of reduced uterine movement and is enhancing our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in skeletal tissue differentiation, with potential for informing regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Murphy
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Rebecca A Rolfe
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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11
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Li H, Leung JCK, Yiu WH, Chan LYY, Li B, Lok SWY, Xue R, Zou Y, Lai KN, Tang SCW. Tubular β-catenin alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1061. [PMID: 36539406 PMCID: PMC9768165 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria take part in a network of intracellular processes that regulate homeostasis. Defects in mitochondrial function are key pathophysiological changes during AKI. Although Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic kidney fibrosis, little is known of the influence of β-catenin on mitochondrial function in AKI. To decipher this interaction, we generated an inducible mouse model of tubule-specific β-catenin overexpression (TubCat), and a model of tubule-specific β-catenin depletion (TubcatKO), and induced septic AKI in these mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and aseptic AKI with bilateral ischemia-reperfusion. In both AKI models, tubular β-catenin stabilization in TubCat animals significantly reduced BUN/serum creatinine, tubular damage (NGAL-positive tubules), apoptosis (TUNEL-positive cells) and necroptosis (phosphorylation of MLKL and RIP3) through activating AKT phosphorylation and p53 suppression; enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis (increased PGC-1α and NRF1) and restored mitochondrial mass (increased TIM23) to re-establish mitochondrial homeostasis (increased fusion markers OPA1, MFN2, and decreased fission protein DRP1) through the FOXO3/PGC-1α signaling cascade. Conversely, kidney function loss and histological damage, tubular cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction were all aggravated in TubCatKO mice. Mechanistically, β-catenin transfection maintained mitochondrial mass and activated PGC-1α via FOXO3 in LPS-exposed HK-2 cells. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that tubular β-catenin mitigates cell death and restores mitochondrial homeostasis in AKI through the common mechanisms associated with activation of AKT/p53 and FOXO3/PGC-1α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph C. K. Leung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Han Yiu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Loretta Y. Y. Chan
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Li
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah W. Y. Lok
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Xue
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixin Zou
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kar Neng Lai
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sydney C. W. Tang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Hsieh CC, Yen BL, Chang CC, Hsu PJ, Lee YW, Yen ML, Yet SF, Chen L. Wnt antagonism without TGFβ induces rapid MSC chondrogenesis via increasing AJ interactions and restricting lineage commitment. iScience 2022; 26:105713. [PMID: 36582823 PMCID: PMC9792887 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain one of the best cell sources for cartilage, a tissue without regenerative capacity. However, MSC chondrogenesis is commonly induced through TGFβ, a pleomorphic growth factor without specificity for this lineage. Using tissue- and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs, we demonstrate an efficient and precise approach to induce chondrogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin antagonism alone without TGFβ. Compared to TGFβ, Wnt/β-catenin antagonism more rapidly induced MSC chondrogenesis without eliciting off-target lineage specification toward smooth muscle or hypertrophy; this was mediated through increasing N-cadherin levels and β-catenin interactions-key components of the adherens junctions (AJ)-and increasing cytoskeleton-mediated condensation. Validation with transcriptomic analysis of human chondrocytes compared to MSCs and osteoblasts showed significant downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ signaling along with upregulation of α-catenin as an upstream regulator. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding developmental pathways and structural modifications in achieving efficient MSC chondrogenesis for translational application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chan Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County35053, Taiwan
| | - B. Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County35053, Taiwan
- Corresponding author
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County35053, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County35053, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital and College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County35053, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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13
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Satake T, Komura S, Aoki H, Hirakawa A, Imai Y, Akiyama H. Induction of iPSC-derived Prg4-positive cells with characteristics of superficial zone chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synovial cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:30. [PMID: 35870887 PMCID: PMC9308249 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lubricin, a proteoglycan encoded by the PRG4 gene, is synthesised by superficial zone (SFZ) chondrocytes and synovial cells. It reduces friction between joints and allows smooth sliding of tendons. Although lubricin has been shown to be effective against osteoarthritis and synovitis in animals, its clinical application remains untested. In this study, we aimed to induce lubricin-expressing cells from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and applied them locally via cell transplantation. Methods To generate iPSCs, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and L-MYC were transduced into fibroblasts derived from Prg4-mRFP1 transgenic mice. We established a protocol for the differentiation of iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells and characterised their mRNA expression profile. Finally, we injected Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells into the paratenon, surrounding the Achilles tendons and knee joints of severe combined immunodeficient mice and assessed lubricin expression. Result Wnt3a, activin A, TGF-β1, and bFGF were applied to induce the differentiation of iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells. Markers related to SFZ chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) were expressed during differentiation. RNA-sequencing indicated that iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells manifested expression profiles typical of SFZ chondrocytes and FLSs. Transplanted iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells survived around the Achilles tendons and in knee joints. Conclusions The present study describes a protocol for the differentiation of iPSC-derived Prg4-positive cells with characteristics of SFZ chondrocytes and FLSs. Transplantation of lubricin-expressing cells offers promise as a therapy against arthritis and synovitis.
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14
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Zhang CH, Gao Y, Hung HH, Zhuo Z, Grodzinsky AJ, Lassar AB. Creb5 coordinates synovial joint formation with the genesis of articular cartilage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7295. [PMID: 36435829 PMCID: PMC9701237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While prior work has established that articular cartilage arises from Prg4-expressing perichondrial cells, it is not clear how this process is specifically restricted to the perichondrium of synovial joints. We document that the transcription factor Creb5 is necessary to initiate the expression of signaling molecules that both direct the formation of synovial joints and guide perichondrial tissue to form articular cartilage instead of bone. Creb5 promotes the generation of articular chondrocytes from perichondrial precursors in part by inducing expression of signaling molecules that block a Wnt5a autoregulatory loop in the perichondrium. Postnatal deletion of Creb5 in the articular cartilage leads to loss of both flat superficial zone articular chondrocytes coupled with a loss of both Prg4 and Wif1 expression in the articular cartilage; and a non-cell autonomous up-regulation of Ctgf. Our findings indicate that Creb5 promotes joint formation and the subsequent development of articular chondrocytes by driving the expression of signaling molecules that both specify the joint interzone and simultaneously inhibit a Wnt5a positive-feedback loop in the perichondrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hai Zhang
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yao Gao
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Han-Hwa Hung
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Zhu Zhuo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XBioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Alan J. Grodzinsky
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Andrew B. Lassar
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
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15
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Induced inactivation of Wnt16 in young adult mice has no impact on osteoarthritis development. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277495. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disorder and a major cause of disability in the elderly population. WNT16 has been suggested to play important roles in joint formation, bone homeostasis and OA development, but the mechanism of action is not clear. Transgenic mice lacking Wnt16 expression (Wnt16-/-) have a more severe experimental OA than control mice. In addition, Wnt16-/- mice have a reduced cortical thickness and develop spontaneous fractures. Herein, we have used Cre-Wnt16flox/flox mice in which Wnt16 can be conditionally ablated at any age through tamoxifen-inducible Cre-mediated recombination. Wnt16 deletion was induced in 7-week-old mice to study if the Cre-Wnt16flox/flox mice have a more severe OA phenotype after destabilizing the medial meniscus (DMM surgery) than littermate controls with normal Wnt16 expression (Wnt16flox/flox). WNT16 deletion was confirmed in articular cartilage and cortical bone in Cre-Wnt16flox/flox mice, shown by immunohistochemistry and reduced cortical bone area compared to Wnt16flox/flox mice. After DMM surgery, there was no difference in OA severity in the articular cartilage in the knee joint between the Cre-Wnt16flox/flox and Wnt16flox/flox mice in neither female nor male mice. In addition, there was no difference in osteophyte size in the DMM-operated tibia between the genotypes. In conclusion, inactivation of Wnt16 in adult mice do not result in a more severe OA phenotype after DMM surgery. Thus, presence of WNT16 in adult mice does not have an impact on experimental OA development. Taken together, our results from Cre-Wnt16flox/flox mice and previous results from Wnt16-/- mice suggest that WNT16 is crucial during synovial joint establishment leading to limited joint degradation also later in life, after onset of OA. This may be important when developing new therapeutics for OA treatment.
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16
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Wang F, Rummukainen P, Pehkonen M, Säämänen AM, Heino TJ, Kiviranta R. Mesenchymal cell-derived Wnt1 signaling regulates subchondral bone remodeling but has no effects on the development of growth plate or articular cartilage in mice. Bone 2022; 163:116497. [PMID: 35863746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte differentiation is a principal progress in endochondral ossification and in the formation of secondary ossification center (SOC) during the long bone development. We have previously reported that targeted deletion of Wnt1 in mesenchymal progenitors (Wnt1Prrx-/-) leads to spontaneous fractures and severe osteopenia in mouse long bones, suggesting that Wnt1 is a key regulator of bone metabolism. However, the effect of Wnt1 on the regulation of cartilage development and chondrocyte differentiation remained unknown. In this study, WNT1 protein expression was observed in lateral superficial cartilage and growth plate pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes in mice. Wnt1 mRNA expression was detected in epiphyseal cartilage from E16.5 to 3 month-old mice. Detailed histological analyses revealed that the average thickness and chondrocyte density of proximal tibial articular cartilage and growth plate were unchanged between Wnt1Prrx-/- and control mice. However, μCT analysis of tibial epiphyses showed that the subchondral bone mass was reduced in Wnt1Prrx-/- mice compared to control mice, as demonstrated by decreased bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and increased trabecular separation in Wnt1Prrx-/- mice. Mechanistically, histomorphometric analyses showed that the reduced subchondral bone mass in Wnt1Prrx-/- mice was due to impaired bone formation and enhanced bone resorption. In vitro, exogenous Wnt1 inhibited chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in both cell autonomous and juxtacrine manners, while matrix mineralization and the expression of Mmp13, Mmp9 and Opn were induced in a juxtacrine manner. Taken together, mesenchymal cell-derived Wnt1 is an important regulator of subchondral bone remodeling, although it has no effect on the regulation of growth plate or articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Matias Pehkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Terhi J Heino
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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17
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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Wu M, Chen G. Wnt signaling: essential roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone metabolism and therapeutic implications for bone and skeletal disorders. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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18
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Teufel S, Wolff L, König U, Kobayashi A, Behringer R, Hartmann C. Mice Lacking Wnt9a or Wnt4 Are Prone to Develop Spontaneous Osteoarthritis With Age and Display Alteration in Either the Trabecular or Cortical Bone Compartment. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1335-1351. [PMID: 35560108 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease of the joint, with a complex multifactorial not yet fully understood etiology. Over the past years, the Wnt signaling pathway has been implicated in osteoarthritis. In a recent genomewide association study (GWAS), the chromosomal location on chromosome 1, linked to the Wnt3a-Wnt9a gene locus, was identified as the most significant locus associated with a thumb osteoarthritis endophenotype. Previously, it was shown that WNT9a is involved in maintaining synovial cell identity in the elbow joint during embryogenesis. Here, we report that the conditional loss of Wnt9a in the Prx1-Cre expressing limb mesenchyme or Prg4-CreER expressing cells predispositions the mice to develop spontaneous OA-like changes with age. In addition, the trabecular bone volume is altered in these mice. Similarly, mice with a conditional loss of Wnt4 in the limb mesenchyme are also more prone to develop spontaneously OA-like joint alterations with age. These mice display additional alterations in their cortical bone. The combined loss of Wnt9a and Wnt4 increased the likelihood of the mice developing osteoarthritis-like changes and enhanced disease severity in the affected mice. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teufel
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Dept. Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Wolff
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Dept. Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich König
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Dept. Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Akio Kobayashi
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Department of Kidney Development, Kumamoto University, Japan.,MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Division of Basic Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard Behringer
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Division of Basic Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine Hartmann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Dept. Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
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19
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Wang Y, Venkatesh A, Xu J, Xu M, Williams J, Smallwood PM, James A, Nathans J. The WNT7A/WNT7B/GPR124/RECK signaling module plays an essential role in mammalian limb development. Development 2022; 149:275368. [PMID: 35552394 PMCID: PMC9148564 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In central nervous system vascular endothelial cells, signaling via the partially redundant ligands WNT7A and WNT7B requires two co-activator proteins, GPR124 and RECK. WNT7A and RECK have been shown previously to play a role in limb development, but the mechanism of RECK action in this context is unknown. The roles of WNT7B and GPR124 in limb development have not been investigated. Using combinations of conventional and/or conditional loss-of-function alleles for mouse Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Gpr124 and Reck, including a Reck allele that codes for a protein that is specifically defective in WNT7A/WNT7B signaling, we show that reductions in ligand and/or co-activator function synergize to cause reduced and dysmorphic limb bone growth. Two additional limb phenotypes – loss of distal Lmx1b expression and ectopic growth of nail-like structures – occur with reduced Wnt7a/Wnt7b gene copy number and, respectively, with Reck mutations and with combined Reck and Gpr124 mutations. A third limb phenotype – bleeding into a digit – occurs with the most severe combinations of Wnt7a/Wnt7b, Reck and Gpr124 mutations. These data imply that the WNT7A/WNT7B-FRIZZLED-LRP5/LRP6-GPR124-RECK signaling system functions as an integral unit in limb development. Summary: Genetic analyses in mice show that the WNT7A/WNT7B-FRIZZLED-LRP5/LRP6-GPR124-RECK signaling system, first defined in the context of CNS angiogenesis and barrier development, also functions as an integral unit in limb development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arjun Venkatesh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip M. Smallwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aaron James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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20
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Takahata Y, Hagino H, Kimura A, Urushizaki M, Yamamoto S, Wakamori K, Murakami T, Hata K, Nishimura R. Regulatory Mechanisms of Prg4 and Gdf5 Expression in Articular Cartilage and Functions in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094672. [PMID: 35563063 PMCID: PMC9105027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid aging of society, the numbers of patients with joint disease continue to increase. Accordingly, a large number of patients require appropriate treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), the most frequent bone and joint disease. Thought to be caused by the degeneration and destruction of articular cartilage following persistent and excessive mechanical stimulation of the joints, OA can significantly impair patient quality of life with symptoms such as knee pain, lower limb muscle weakness, or difficulty walking. Because articular cartilage has a low self-repair ability and an extremely low proliferative capacity, healing of damaged articular cartilage has not been achieved to date. The current pharmaceutical treatment of OA is limited to the slight alleviation of symptoms (e.g., local injection of hyaluronic acid or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs); hence, the development of effective drugs and regenerative therapies for OA is highly desirable. This review article summarizes findings indicating that proteoglycan 4 (Prg4)/lubricin, which is specifically expressed in the superficial zone of articular cartilage and synovium, functions in a protective manner against OA, and covers the transcriptional regulation of Prg4 in articular chondrocytes. We also focused on growth differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5), which is specifically expressed on the surface layer of articular cartilage, particularly in the developmental stage, describing its regulatory mechanisms and functions in joint formation and OA pathogenesis. Because several genetic studies in humans and mice indicate the involvement of these genes in the maintenance of articular cartilage homeostasis and the presentation of OA, molecular targeting of Prg4 and Gdf5 is expected to provide new insights into the aetiology, pathogenesis, and potential treatment of OA.
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21
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Rolfe RA, Shea CA, Murphy P. Geometric analysis of chondrogenic self-organisation of embryonic limb bud cells in micromass culture. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:49-62. [PMID: 34988666 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal control of chondrogenesis generates precise, species-specific patterns of skeletal structures in the developing vertebrate limb. The pattern-template is laid down when mesenchymal cells at the core of the early limb bud condense and undergo chondrogenic differentiation. Although the mechanisms involved in organising such complex patterns are not fully understood, the interplay between BMP and Wnt signalling pathways is fundamental. Primary embryonic limb bud cells grown under high-density micromass culture conditions spontaneously create a simple cartilage nodule pattern, presenting a model to investigate pattern generation. We describe a novel analytical approach to quantify geometric properties and spatial relationships between chondrogenic condensations, utilizing the micromass model. We follow the emergence of pattern in live cultures with nodules forming at regular distances, growing and changing shape over time. Gene expression profiling supports rapid chondrogenesis and transition to hypertrophy, mimicking the process of endochondral ossification within the limb bud. Manipulating the signalling environment through addition of BMP or Wnt ligands, as well as the BMP pathway antagonist Noggin, altered the differentiation profile and nodule pattern. BMP2 addition increased chondrogenesis while WNT3A or Noggin had the opposite effect, but with distinct pattern outcomes. Titrating these pro- and anti-chondrogenic factors and examining the resulting patterns support the hypothesis that regularly spaced cartilage nodules formed by primary limb bud cells in micromass culture are influenced by the balance of Wnt and BMP signalling under a Turing-like mechanism. This study demonstrates an approach for investigating the mechanisms governing chondrogenic spatial organization using simple micromass culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Rolfe
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claire A Shea
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paula Murphy
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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22
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Towler OW, Shore EM. BMP signaling and skeletal development in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Dev Dyn 2022; 251:164-177. [PMID: 34133058 PMCID: PMC9068236 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare genetic disease caused by increased BMP pathway signaling due to mutation of ACVR1, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 1 receptor. The primary clinical manifestation of FOP is extra-skeletal bone formation (heterotopic ossification) within soft connective tissues. However, the underlying ACVR1 mutation additionally alters skeletal bone development and nearly all people born with FOP have bilateral malformation of the great toes as well as other skeletal malformations at diverse anatomic sites. The specific mechanisms through which ACVR1 mutations and altered BMP pathway signaling in FOP influence skeletal bone formation during development remain to be elucidated; however, recent investigations are providing a clearer understanding of the molecular and developmental processes associated with ACVR1-regulated skeletal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Will Towler
- The Center for Research in FOP & Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eileen M. Shore
- The Center for Research in FOP & Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Huang BL, Mackem S. Rethinking positional information and digit identity: The role of late interdigit signaling. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:1414-1422. [PMID: 34811837 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal work from John Fallon's lab has illuminated how digit identity determination involves ongoing late regulation and occurs progressively during phalanx formation. Complementary genetic analyses in mice and several papers in this special issue have begun to flesh out how interdigit signaling accomplishes this, but major questions remain unaddressed, including how uncommitted progenitors from which phalanges arise are maintained, and what factors set limits on digit extension and phalanx number, particularly in mammals. This review summarizes what has been learned in the two decades since control of digit identity by late interdigit signals was first identified and what remains poorly understood, and will hopefully spark renewed interest in a process that is critical to evolutionary limb adaptations but nevertheless remains enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bau-Lin Huang
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Mackem
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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24
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Wu C, Yu J, Xu G, Bao G, Zhang J, Xue P, Jiang J, Chen J, Chen C, Hong H, Cui Z. Wnt16 protects chondrocytes from lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in low back pain patients. Somatosens Mot Res 2021; 38:339-346. [PMID: 34553673 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2021.1977267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low back pain (LBP) is a long-lasting and chronic symptom without any exact cause. This study attempts to propose a new staging system based on the original grading system combined with pathological results and clinical symptoms to better clarify the dynamic evolution of LBP related to cartilage degeneration during facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA). To explore a potential target for diagnosis, treatment, and drug intervention of facet joint osteoarthritis related LBP via protecting chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the facet joints were divided into 4 groups according to our new degenerative staging system based on Weishaupt grade, CT and MRI. Collect the facet joint samples from patients whom suffered lumbar fusion surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Molecular biology experiments were used to explore the effect of Wnt16 on the degeneration of facet joints. Micro-CT examination and pain stimulation test checked the biological function of Wnt16 in rats. RESULTS Wnt16 was significantly increased and more aggregated in the facet joint chondrocytes in the Phase III and Phase IV, which is consistent with the pathological findings of cartilage degeneration (OARSI). We found that Wnt16 participated in the regulation of FJOA via Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro, which was inhibited by specific inhibitor DKK1. The rats, rich expressed Wnt16, showed higher paw withdrawal thresholds and prolonged paw withdrawal latency to FJOA related LBP. Micro-CT examination for the lumbar spine of rats showed Wnt16 protected the chondrocytes from FJOA. CONCLUSIONS This study defined a new staging system for LBP related cartilage degeneration of facet joint based on the original grading system combined with pathological results and clinical symptoms. Wnt16 is expected to be a potential target for treatment of FJOA via protecting chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Jinjuan Yu
- Outpatient Department, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Pengfei Xue
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
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25
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Petsouki E, Gerakopoulos V, Szeto N, Chang W, Humphrey MB, Tsiokas L. FBW7 couples structural integrity with functional output of primary cilia. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1066. [PMID: 34518642 PMCID: PMC8438042 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural defects in primary cilia have robust effects in diverse tissues and systems. However, how disorders of ciliary length lead to functional outcomes are unknown. We examined the functional role of a ciliary length control mechanism of FBW7-mediated destruction of NDE1, in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. We show that FBW7 functions as a master regulator of both negative (NDE1) and positive (TALPID3) regulators of ciliogenesis, with an overall positive net effect on primary cilia formation, MSC differentiation to osteoblasts, and bone architecture. Deletion of Fbxw7 suppresses ciliation, Hedgehog activity, and differentiation, which are partially rescued in Fbxw7/Nde1-null cells. We also show that NDE1, despite suppressing ciliogenesis, promotes MSC differentiation by increasing the activity of the Hedgehog pathway by direct binding and enhancing GLI2 activity in a cilia-independent manner. We propose that FBW7 controls a protein-protein interaction network coupling ciliary structure and function, which is essential for stem cell differentiation. Petsouki et al. dissect the importance of FBW7-mediated regulation of NDE1 and TALPID3 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). They find that by modulating the abundance of negative (NDE1) and positive (TALPID3) cilia regulators, FBW7 contributes to both the assembly and signaling functions of primary cilia that are necessary for osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsouki
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vasileios Gerakopoulos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicholas Szeto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medicine, Oklahoma City Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Leonidas Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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26
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Cong Q, Liu Y, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Xu R, Cheng C, Chung HS, Yan M, Zhou H, Liao Z, Gao B, Bocobo GA, Covington TA, Song HJ, Su P, Yu PB, Yang Y. A self-amplifying loop of YAP and SHH drives formation and expansion of heterotopic ossification. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/599/eabb2233. [PMID: 34162750 PMCID: PMC8638088 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs as a common complication after injury or in genetic disorders. The mechanisms underlying HO remain incompletely understood, and there are no approved prophylactic or secondary treatments available. Here, we identify a self-amplifying, self-propagating loop of Yes-associated protein (YAP)-Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a core molecular mechanism underlying diverse forms of HO. In mouse models of progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH), a disease caused by null mutations in GNAS, we found that Gnas-/- mesenchymal cells secreted SHH, which induced osteoblast differentiation of the surrounding wild-type cells. We further showed that loss of Gnas led to activation of YAP transcription activity, which directly drove Shh expression. Secreted SHH further induced YAP activation, Shh expression, and osteoblast differentiation in surrounding wild-type cells. This self-propagating positive feedback loop was both necessary and sufficient for HO expansion and could act independently of Gnas in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), another genetic HO, and nonhereditary HO mouse models. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of YAP or SHH abolished HO in POH and FOP and acquired HO mouse models without affecting normal bone homeostasis, providing a previously unrecognized therapeutic rationale to prevent, reduce, and shrink HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yaxing Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caiqi Cheng
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meijun Yan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Bocobo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taylor A Covington
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyeon Ju Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Paul B Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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27
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Teufel S, Köckemann P, Fabritius C, Wolff LI, Bertrand J, Pap T, Hartmann C. Loss of the WNT9a ligand aggravates the rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in hTNF transgenic mice. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:494. [PMID: 33990546 PMCID: PMC8121832 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Agonists and antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway are modulators of pathological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their activity is primarily modifying bone loss and bone formation, as shown in animal models of RA. More recently, modulation of Wnt signaling by the antagonist Sclerostin has also been shown to influence soft-tissue-associated inflammatory aspects of the disease pointing towards a role of Wnt signaling in soft-tissue inflammation as well. Yet, nothing is known experimentally about the role of Wnt ligands in RA. Here we provide evidence that altering Wnt signaling at the level of a ligand affects all aspects of the rheumatoid arthritic disease. WNT9a levels are increased in the pannus tissue of RA patients, and stimulation of synovial fibroblasts (SFB) with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) leads to increased transcription of Wnt9a. Loss of Wnt9a in a chronic TNF-dependent RA mouse model results in an aggravation of disease progression with enhanced pannus formation and joint destruction. Yet, loss of its activity in the acute K/BxN serum-transfer induced arthritis (STIA) mouse model, which is independent of TNF signaling, has no effect on disease severity or progression. Thus, suggesting a specific role for WNT9a in TNF-triggered RA. In synovial fibroblasts, WNT9a can activate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but it can also activate P38- and downregulate NFκB signaling. Based on in vitro data, we propose that loss of Wnt9a creates a slight proinflammatory and procatabolic environment that boosts the TNF-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teufel
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Köckemann
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Fabritius
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena I Wolff
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Hartmann
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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28
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Zlobin AS, Nikulin PS, Volkova NA, Zinovieva NA, Iolchiev BS, Bagirov VA, Borodin PM, Aksenovich TI, Tsepilov YA. Multivariate Analysis Identifies Eight Novel Loci Associated with Meat Productivity Traits in Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:367. [PMID: 33806625 PMCID: PMC8002146 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their economic value, sheep remain relatively poorly studied animals in terms of the number of known loci and genes associated with commercially important traits. This gap in our knowledge can be filled in by performing new genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or by re-analyzing previously documented data using novel powerful statistical methods. This study is focused on the search for new loci associated with meat productivity and carcass traits in sheep. With a multivariate approach applied to publicly available GWAS results, we identified eight novel loci associated with the meat productivity and carcass traits in sheep. Using an in silico follow-up approach, we prioritized 13 genes in these loci. One of eight novel loci near the FAM3C and WNT16 genes has been replicated in an independent sample of Russian sheep populations (N = 108). The novel loci were added to our regularly updated database increasing the number of known loci to more than 140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Zlobin
- Kurchatov Genomics Center of IC&G, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Pavel S. Nikulin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.N.); (P.M.B.); (T.I.A.)
| | - Natalia A. Volkova
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (N.A.V.); (N.A.Z.); (B.S.I.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Natalia A. Zinovieva
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (N.A.V.); (N.A.Z.); (B.S.I.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Baylar S. Iolchiev
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (N.A.V.); (N.A.Z.); (B.S.I.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Vugar A. Bagirov
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (N.A.V.); (N.A.Z.); (B.S.I.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Pavel M. Borodin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.N.); (P.M.B.); (T.I.A.)
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (N.A.V.); (N.A.Z.); (B.S.I.); (V.A.B.)
- Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Aksenovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.N.); (P.M.B.); (T.I.A.)
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (N.A.V.); (N.A.Z.); (B.S.I.); (V.A.B.)
- Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yakov A. Tsepilov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.N.); (P.M.B.); (T.I.A.)
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (N.A.V.); (N.A.Z.); (B.S.I.); (V.A.B.)
- Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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29
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Sun K, Guo J, Yao X, Guo Z, Guo F. Growth differentiation factor 5 in cartilage and osteoarthritis: A possible therapeutic candidate. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12998. [PMID: 33522652 PMCID: PMC7941218 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) is essential for cartilage development and homeostasis. The expression and function of GDF-5 are highly associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). OA, characterized by progressive degeneration of joint, particularly in cartilage, causes severe social burden. However, there is no effective approach to reverse the progression of this disease. Over the past decades, extensive studies have demonstrated the protective effects of GDF-5 against cartilage degeneration and defects. Here, we summarize the current literature describing the role of GDF-5 in development of cartilage and joints, and the association between the GDF-5 gene polymorphisms and OA susceptibility. We also shed light on the protective effects of GDF-5 against OA in terms of direct GDF-5 supplementation and modulation of the GDF-5-related signalling. Finally, we discuss the current limitations in the application of GDF-5 for the clinical treatment of OA. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the role of GDF-5 in cartilage and emphasizes GDF-5 as a potential therapeutic candidate in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jiachao Guo
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhou Guo
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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30
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Liu X, Li X, Hua B, Yang X, Zheng J, Liu S. WNT16 is upregulated early in mouse TMJ osteoarthritis and protects fibrochondrocytes against IL-1β induced inflammatory response by regulation of RUNX2/MMP13 cascade. Bone 2021; 143:115793. [PMID: 33301961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
WNT16 has been shown to play important roles in joint formation, bone homeostasis and knee joint osteoarthritis. However, whether WNT16 has any effect during temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is still unknown. Here, we first established a surgically induced TMJOA model by performing partial discectomy in discs of TMJ in mice. Further, we investigated the role of WNT16 during the initiation and progression of TMJOA. Our results showed that WNT16 expression is upregulated early at 4 weeks after initiation of osteoarthritis by partial discectomy in mouse TMJ cartilage, but decreased after 12 weeks post-surgery. Further cellular and molecular analyses revealed that WNT16 signals via both the canonical WNT/β-catenin and non-canonical WNT/JNK-cJUN pathways, upregulates the expression of Lubricin and SOX9, and protects against IL-1β induced inflammatory response by regulation of RUNX2/MMP13 cascade in fibrochondrocytes. In conclusion, WNT16 may play an important role in the early stage of TMJOA by regulating cartilage anabolic and catabolic factors, and may serve as novel therapeutic targets for TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingqiang Hua
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfa Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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A molecular docking study: Cepharanthine protects articular cartilage against arthritis by Wnt/PI3K/TLR-3 signaling. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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32
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De Palma A, Nalesso G. WNT Signalling in Osteoarthritis and Its Pharmacological Targeting. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:337-356. [PMID: 34510305 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly disabling musculoskeletal condition affecting millions of people worldwide. OA is characterised by progressive destruction and irreversible morphological changes of joint tissues and architecture. At molecular level, de-regulation of several pathways contributes to the disruption of tissue homeostasis in the joint. Overactivation of the WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway has been associated with degenerative processes in OA. However, the multiple layers of complexity in the modulation of the signalling and the still insufficient knowledge of the specific molecular drivers of pathogenetic mechanisms have made difficult the pharmacological targeting of this pathway for therapeutic purposes. This review aims to provide an overview of the WNT/β-catenin signalling in OA with a particular focus on its role in the articular cartilage. Pathway components whose targeting showed therapeutic potential will be highlighted and described. A specific section will be dedicated to Lorecivivint, the first inhibitor of the β-catenin-dependent pathway currently in phase III clinical trial as OA-modifying agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Palma
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Giovanna Nalesso
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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33
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Song X, Hu H, Zhao M, Ma T, Gao L. Prospects of circadian clock in joint cartilage development. FASEB J 2020; 34:14120-14135. [PMID: 32946614 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001597r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Altering the food intake, exercise, and sleep patterns have a great influence on the homeostasis of the biological clock. This leads to accelerated aging of the articular cartilage, susceptibility to arthropathy and other aspects. Deficiency or overexpression of certain circadian clock-related genes accelerates the cartilage deterioration and leads to phenotypic variation in different joints. The process of joint cartilage development includes the formation of joint site, interzone, joint cavitation, epiphyseal ossification center, and cartilage maturation. The mechanism by which, biological clock regulates the cell-cycle, growth, metabolism, and other biological processes of chondrocytes is poorly understood. Here, we summarized the interaction between biological clock proteins and developmental pathways in chondrogenesis and provided the evidence from other tissues that further predicts the molecular patterns of these protein-protein networks in activation, proliferation, and differentiation. The purpose of this review is to gain deeper understanding of the evolution of cartilage and its irreversibility seen in damage and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianwen Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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34
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Eldridge SE, Barawi A, Wang H, Roelofs AJ, Kaneva M, Guan Z, Lydon H, Thomas BL, Thorup AS, Fernandez BF, Caxaria S, Strachan D, Ali A, Shanmuganathan K, Pitzalis C, Whiteford JR, Henson F, McCaskie AW, De Bari C, Dell'Accio F. Agrin induces long-term osteochondral regeneration by supporting repair morphogenesis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/559/eaax9086. [PMID: 32878982 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage loss leads to osteoarthritis, the most common cause of disability for which there is no cure. Cartilage regeneration, therefore, is a priority in medicine. We report that agrin is a potent chondrogenic factor and that a single intraarticular administration of agrin induced long-lasting regeneration of critical-size osteochondral defects in mice, with restoration of tissue architecture and bone-cartilage interface. Agrin attracted joint resident progenitor cells to the site of injury and, through simultaneous activation of CREB and suppression of canonical WNT signaling downstream of β-catenin, induced expression of the chondrogenic stem cell marker GDF5 and differentiation into stable articular chondrocytes, forming stable articular cartilage. In sheep, an agrin-containing collagen gel resulted in long-lasting regeneration of bone and cartilage, which promoted increased ambulatory activity. Our findings support the therapeutic use of agrin for joint surface regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Eldridge
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Aida Barawi
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hui Wang
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Magdalena Kaneva
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Zeyu Guan
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Helen Lydon
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Bethan L Thomas
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anne-Sophie Thorup
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Beatriz F Fernandez
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sara Caxaria
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Danielle Strachan
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kanatheepan Shanmuganathan
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - James R Whiteford
- Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Frances Henson
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrew W McCaskie
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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35
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Dan J, Zhou Q, Wang X, Li W, Zhou L, Yang L, Xie L. Insulin Promotes Corneal Nerve Repair and Wound Healing in Type 1 Diabetic Mice by Enhancing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2237-2250. [PMID: 32858016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The insulin and Wnt signaling pathways are involved in cell proliferation, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. However, their interrelationship in the pathophysiological process of diabetic corneal injury remains unclear. In this study, the role of insulin in the diabetic cornea was investigated in vitro, using cultured TKE2 cells and trigeminal ganglion neurons, and in vivo, by assessing corneal wound-healing responses in diabetic mice. A selective Wnt antagonist (XAV-939) and activator (BML-284) were used to regulate the interactions between insulin and the Wnt pathway. The results demonstrated that insulin promoted corneal epithelial wound healing and sensation recovery, whereas the expression of molecules involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was also up-regulated in the injured corneal epithelium. However, XAV-939 limited the insulin-induced epithelial and corneal nerve repair. By contrast, BML-284 treatment promoted the healing of the corneal epithelium and corneal nerve repair in diabetic mice. These results indicate that insulin, via Wnt signaling, contributes to diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve injury recovery and is, therefore, a potential protective factor for diabetic corneal epithelial wounds and nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Dan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weina Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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36
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Thorup AS, Dell'Accio F, Eldridge SE. Lessons from joint development for cartilage repair in the clinic. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:360-376. [PMID: 32738003 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 250 years ago, William Hunter stated that when cartilage is destroyed it never recovers. In the last 20 years, the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to joint formation and the knowledge that some of these mechanisms are reactivated in the homeostatic responses of cartilage to injury has offered an unprecedented therapeutic opportunity to achieve cartilage regeneration. Very large investments in ambitious clinical trials are finally revealing that, although we do not have perfect medicines yet, disease modification is a feasible possibility for human osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Thorup
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne E Eldridge
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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37
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Ma SKY, Chan ASF, Rubab A, Chan WCW, Chan D. Extracellular Matrix and Cellular Plasticity in Musculoskeletal Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:781. [PMID: 32984311 PMCID: PMC7477050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity refers to the ability of cell fates to be reprogrammed given the proper signals, allowing for dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation into different cell fates. In vitro, this can be induced through direct activation of gene expression, however this process does not naturally occur in vivo. Instead, the microenvironment consisting of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and signaling factors, directs the signals presented to cells. Often the ECM is involved in regulating both biochemical and mechanical signals. In stem cell populations, this niche is necessary for maintenance and proper function of the stem cell pool. However, recent studies have demonstrated that differentiated or lineage restricted cells can exit their current state and transform into another state under different situations during development and regeneration. This may be achieved through (1) cells responding to a changing niche; (2) cells migrating and encountering a new niche; and (3) formation of a transitional niche followed by restoration of the homeostatic niche to sequentially guide cells along the regenerative process. This review focuses on examples in musculoskeletal biology, with the concept of ECM regulating cells and stem cells in development and regeneration, extending beyond the conventional concept of small population of progenitor cells, but under the right circumstances even “lineage-restricted” or differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to enter into a different fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ka Yan Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Aqsa Rubab
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson Cheuk Wing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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38
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Matsushita Y, Ono W, Ono N. Growth plate skeletal stem cells and their transition from cartilage to bone. Bone 2020; 136:115359. [PMID: 32276155 PMCID: PMC7246136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The growth plate is an essential component of endochondral bone development. Not surprisingly, the growth plate and its surrounding structure, the perichondrium, contain a wealth of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and progenitor cells that robustly contribute to bone development. Recent in vivo lineage-tracing studies using mouse genetic models provide substantial insight into the diversity and versatility of these skeletal stem and progenitor cell populations, particularly shedding light on the importance of the transition from cartilage to bone. Chondrocytes and perichondrial cells are inseparable twins that develop from condensing undifferentiated mesenchymal cells during the fetal stage; although morphologically and functionally distinct, these cells ultimately serve for the same goal, that is, to make bone bigger and stronger. Even in the postnatal stage, a small subset of growth plate chondrocytes can transform into osteoblasts and marrow stromal cells; this is in part fueled by a unique type of SSCs maintained in the resting zone of the growth plate, which continue to self-renew for the long term. Here, we discuss diverse skeletal stem and progenitor cell populations in the growth plate and the perichondrium and their transition from cartilage to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushita
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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39
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Bertrand J, Kräft T, Gronau T, Sherwood J, Rutsch F, Lioté F, Dell'Accio F, Lohmann CH, Bollmann M, Held A, Pap T. BCP crystals promote chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation in OA cartilage by sequestering Wnt3a. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:975-984. [PMID: 32371389 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcification of cartilage with basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals is a common phenomenon during osteoarthritis (OA). It is directly linked to the severity of the disease and known to be associated to hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes. One morphogen regulating hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation is Wnt3a. METHODS Calcification and sulfation of extracellular matrix of the cartilage was analysed over a time course from 6 to 22 weeks in mice and different OA grades of human cartilage. Wnt3a and ß-catenin was stained in human and murine cartilage. Expression of sulfation modulating enzymes (HS2St1, HS6St1) was analysed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The influence of BCP crystals on the chondrocyte phenotype was investigated using quantitative RT-PCR for the marker genes Axin2, Sox9, Col2, MMP13, ColX and Aggrecan. Using western blot for β-catenin and pLRP6 we investigated the activation of Wnt signalling. The binding capacity of BCP for Wnt3a was analysed using immunohistochemical staining and western blot. RESULTS Here, we report that pericellular matrix sulfation is increased in human and murine OA. Wnt3a co-localised with heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the pericellular matrix of chondrocytes in OA cartilage, in which canonical Wnt signalling was activated. In vitro, BCP crystals physically bound to Wnt3a. Interestingly, BCP crystals were sufficient to induce canonical Wnt signalling as assessed by phosphorylation of LRP6 and stabilisation of β-catenin, and to induce a hypertrophic shift of the chondrocyte phenotype. CONCLUSION Consequently, our data identify BCP crystals as a concentrating factor for Wnt3a in the pericellular matrix and an inducer of chondrocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tabea Kräft
- Division of Mol Medicine of Musculoskeletal Tissue, University Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Tobias Gronau
- Division of Mol Medicine of Musculoskeletal Tissue, University Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Joanna Sherwood
- Division of Mol Medicine of Musculoskeletal Tissue, University Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- INSERM UMR-1132, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, London, UK
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Bollmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annelena Held
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Division of Mol Medicine of Musculoskeletal Tissue, University Munster, Munster, Germany
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40
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Adebayo OO, Holyoak DT, van der Meulen MCH. Mechanobiological Mechanisms of Load-Induced Osteoarthritis in the Mouse Knee. J Biomech Eng 2020; 141:2736041. [PMID: 31209459 DOI: 10.1115/1.4043970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide, yet its disease mechanism is not clearly understood. Animal models have been established to study disease progression by initiating OA through modified joint mechanics or altered biological activity within the joint. However, animal models often do not have the capability to directly relate the mechanical environment to joint damage. This review focuses on a novel in vivo approach based on controlled, cyclic tibial compression to induce OA in the mouse knee. First, we discuss the development of the load-induced OA model, its different loading configurations, and other techniques used by research laboratories around the world. Next, we review the lessons learned regarding the mechanobiological mechanisms of load-induced OA and relate these findings to the current understanding of the disease. Then, we discuss the role of specific genetic and cellular pathways involved in load-induced OA progression and the contribution of altered tissue properties to the joint response to mechanical loading. Finally, we propose using this approach to test the therapeutic efficacy of novel treatment strategies for OA. Ultimately, elucidating the mechanobiological mechanisms of load-induced OA will aid in developing targeted treatments for this disabling disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek T Holyoak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Marjolein C H van der Meulen
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.,Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 e-mail:
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41
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Scoones JC, Hiscock TW. A dot-stripe Turing model of joint patterning in the tetrapod limb. Development 2020; 147:dev183699. [PMID: 32127348 PMCID: PMC7174842 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Iterative joints are a hallmark of the tetrapod limb, and their positioning is a key step during limb development. Although the molecular regulation of joint formation is well studied, it remains unclear what controls the location, number and orientation (i.e. the pattern) of joints within each digit. Here, we propose the dot-stripe mechanism for joint patterning, comprising two coupled Turing systems inspired by published gene expression patterns. Our model can explain normal joint morphology in wild-type limbs, hyperphalangy in cetacean flippers, mutant phenotypes with misoriented joints and suggests a reinterpretation of the polydactylous Ichthyosaur fins as a polygonal joint lattice. By formulating a generic dot-stripe model, describing joint patterns rather than molecular joint markers, we demonstrate that the insights from the model should apply regardless of the biological specifics of the underlying mechanism, thus providing a unifying framework to interrogate joint patterning in the tetrapod limb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom W Hiscock
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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42
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Zhang Y, Annusver K, Sunadome K, Kameneva P, Edwards S, Lei G, Kasper M, Chagin AS, Adameyko I, Xie M. Epiphyseal Cartilage Formation Involves Differential Dynamics of Various Cellular Populations During Embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:122. [PMID: 32211405 PMCID: PMC7066500 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A joint connects two or more bones together to form a functional unit that allows different types of bending and movement. Little is known about how the opposing ends of the connected bones are developed. Here, applying various lineage tracing strategies we demonstrate that progenies of Gdf5-, Col2-, Prrx1-, and Gli1-positive cells contribute to the growing epiphyseal cartilage in a spatially asymmetrical manner. In addition, we reveal that cells in the cartilaginous anlagen are likely to be the major sources for epiphyseal cartilage. Moreover, Gli1-positive cells are found to proliferate along the skeletal edges toward the periarticular region of epiphyseal surface. Finally, a switch in the mechanism of growth from cell division to cell influx likely occurs in the epiphyseal cartilage when joint cavitation has completed. Altogether, our findings reveal an asymmetrical mechanism of growth that drives the formation of epiphyseal cartilage ends, which might implicate on how the articular surface of these skeletal elements acquires their unique and sophisticated shape during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kazunori Sunadome
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Polina Kameneva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Steven Edwards
- Light Sheet Microscopy Pilot Facility at SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meng Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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43
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Kania K, Colella F, Riemen AHK, Wang H, Howard KA, Aigner T, Dell'Accio F, Capellini TD, Roelofs AJ, De Bari C. Regulation of Gdf5 expression in joint remodelling, repair and osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:157. [PMID: 31932746 PMCID: PMC6957535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) is a key risk locus for osteoarthritis (OA). However, little is known regarding regulation of Gdf5 expression following joint tissue damage. Here, we employed Gdf5-LacZ reporter mouse lines to assess the spatiotemporal activity of Gdf5 regulatory sequences in experimental OA following destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) and after acute cartilage injury and repair. Gdf5 expression was upregulated in articular cartilage post-DMM, and was increased in human OA cartilage as determined by immunohistochemistry and microarray analysis. Gdf5 expression was also upregulated during cartilage repair in mice and was switched on in injured synovium in prospective areas of cartilage formation, where it inversely correlated with expression of the transcriptional co-factor Yes-associated protein (Yap). Indeed, overexpression of Yap suppressed Gdf5 expression in chondroprogenitors in vitro. Gdf5 expression in both mouse injury models required regulatory sequence downstream of Gdf5 coding exons. Our findings suggest that Gdf5 upregulation in articular cartilage and synovium is a generic response to knee injury that is dependent on downstream regulatory sequence and in progenitors is associated with chondrogenic specification. We propose a role for Gdf5 in tissue remodelling and repair after injury, which may partly underpin its association with OA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kania
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fabio Colella
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Anna H K Riemen
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Hui Wang
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Aigner
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical Center Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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44
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Towler OW, Shore EM, Kaplan FS. Skeletal malformations and developmental arthropathy in individuals who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Bone 2020; 130:115116. [PMID: 31655222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is primarily a disease of progressive heterotopic ossification (HO) leading to impaired mobility throughout life. An additional diagnostic feature is a characteristic malformation of the great toes. The culpable gene for FOP,ACVR1 (activin A receptor type 1) has a clear effect on the induction of extra-skeletal bone formation. However, this bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway receptor is expressed widely throughout skeletal development and has a seminal role in axial and appendicular chondrogenesis, prompting suspicion of widespread bone and joint defects in those with ACVR1 mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed baseline whole body (minus skull) computed tomographic (CT) scans of 113 individuals with classic clinical features of FOP and the ACVR1 (R206H) mutation who were enrolled in a non-interventional natural history study ((NCT02322255)) for skeletal malformations, atypical morphology, intra-articular synovial osteochondromatosis, developmental arthropathy, and associated degenerative joint phenotypes. Individuals were evaluated in three age groups: 4-13; 14-25; and 25-56 years old, based on historical models of FOP disease progression. RESULTS We found widespread evidence of developmental arthropathy throughout the axial and appendicular skeleton in all age groups (61M, 52F; ages: 4-56 years). Asymmetric narrowing and subchondral sclerosis were present throughout the joints of the normotopic skeleton and osteophytes were common in the hips and knees of individuals who have FOP in all age groups. The costovertebral joints, intervertebral facet joints, and proximal tibio-fibular joints frequently showed partial or total intra-articular ankylosis, particularly after age 13. The hips of FOP subjects are frequently malformed and dysplastic. We also found evidence of degenerative joint phenotypes after age 13, particularly in the spine, sacro-iliac joints, and lower limbs. CONCLUSIONS The effects of ACVR1 mutation on the normotopic skeletons of individuals who have FOP extend beyond malformation of the great toes and include both morphological defects and developmental arthropathy. Associated degenerative joint disease occurring at multiple sites starts in adolescence and progresses throughout life. These phenotypes appear to be uncoupled from heterotopic bone formation, indicating a potential role for ACVR1 in the development and progression of degenerative joint disease. SIGNIFICANCE FOP is a disease of not only progressive heterotopic ossification, but also widespread and extensive developmental arthropathy and associated degenerative joint disease. These findings have relevance for understanding the natural history of FOP and for designing and evaluating clinical trials with emerging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Will Towler
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 309A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Departments of The Center for Research in FOP & Related Disorders, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 309A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 309A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Departments of Genetics, The University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 309A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Departments of The Center for Research in FOP & Related Disorders, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 309A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Frederick S Kaplan
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 309A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Departments of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 309A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Departments of The Center for Research in FOP & Related Disorders, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 309A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Guo J, Qu L, Dou TC, Shen MM, Hu YP, Ma M, Wang KH. Genome-wide association study provides insights into the genetic architecture of bone size and mass in chickens. Genome 2019; 63:133-143. [PMID: 31794256 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone size is an important trait for chickens because of its association with osteoporosis in layers and meat production in broilers. Here, we employed high density genotyping platforms to detect candidate genes for bone traits. Estimates of the narrow heritabilities ranged from 0.37 ± 0.04 for shank length to 0.59 ± 0.04 for tibia length. The dominance heritability was 0.12 ± 0.04 for shank length. Using a linear mixed model approach, we identified a promising locus within NCAPG on chromosome 4, which was associated with tibia length and mass, femur length and area, and shank length. In addition, three other loci were associated with bone size or mass at a Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significance threshold of 1%. One region on chicken chromosome 1 between 168.38 and 171.82 Mb harbored HTR2A, LPAR6, CAB39L, and TRPC4. A second region that accounted for 2.2% of the phenotypic variance was located around WNT9A on chromosome 2, where allele substitution was predicted to be associated with tibia length. Four candidate genes identified on chromosome 27 comprising SPOP, NGFR, GIP, and HOXB3 were associated with tibia length and mass, femur length and area, and shank length. Genome partitioning analysis indicated that the variance explained by each chromosome was proportional to its length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Liang Qu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Tao-Cun Dou
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Man-Man Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Yu-Ping Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Meng Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Ke-Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
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Growth Plate Chondrocytes: Skeletal Development, Growth and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236009. [PMID: 31795305 PMCID: PMC6929081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth plate chondrocytes play central roles in the proper development and growth of endochondral bones. Particularly, a population of chondrocytes in the resting zone expressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is now recognized as skeletal stem cells, defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal and clonally give rise to columnar chondrocytes in the postnatal growth plate. These chondrocytes also possess the ability to differentiate into a multitude of cell types including osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells during skeletal development. Using single-cell transcriptomic approaches and in vivo lineage tracing technology, it is now possible to further elucidate their molecular properties and cellular fate changes. By discovering the fundamental molecular characteristics of these cells, it may be possible to harness their functional characteristics for skeletal growth and regeneration. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular signatures defining growth plate chondrocytes.
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to articular cartilage homeostasis through lubricin induction in the superficial zone. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:247. [PMID: 31771658 PMCID: PMC6880374 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both loss- and gain-of-function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes result in exacerbation of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we examined the activity and roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the superficial zone (SFZ) of articular cartilage. Methods Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity was analyzed using TOPGAL mice. We generated Prg4-CreERT2;Ctnnb1fl/fl and Prg4-CreERT2;Ctnnb1-ex3fl/wt mice for loss- and gain-of-function, respectively, of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the SFZ. Regulation of Prg4 expression by Wnt/β-catenin signaling was examined in vitro, as were upstream and downstream factors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SFZ cells. Results Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, as determined by the TOPGAL reporter, was high specifically in the SFZ of mouse adult articular cartilage, where Prg4 is abundantly expressed. In SFZ-specific β-catenin-knockout mice, OA development was significantly accelerated, which was accompanied by decreased Prg4 expression and SFZ destruction. In contrast, Prg4 expression was enhanced and cartilage degeneration was suppressed in SFZ-specific β-catenin-stabilized mice. In primary SFZ cells, Prg4 expression was downregulated by β-catenin knockout, while it was upregulated by β-catenin stabilization by exon 3 deletion or treatment with CHIR99021. Among Wnt ligands, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, and Wnt9a were highly expressed in SFZ cells, and recombinant human WNT5A and WNT5B stimulated Prg4 expression. Mechanical loading upregulated expression of these ligands and further promoted Prg4 transcription. Moreover, mechanical loading and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation increased mRNA levels of Creb1, a potent transcription factor for Prg4. Conclusions We demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates Prg4 expression in the SFZ of mouse adult articular cartilage, which plays essential roles in the homeostasis of articular cartilage.
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Wang X, Cornelis FMF, Lories RJ, Monteagudo S. Exostosin-1 enhances canonical Wnt signaling activity during chondrogenic differentiation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1702-1710. [PMID: 31330188 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exostosin-1 (Ext1) encodes a glycosyltransferase required for heparan sulfate (HS) chain elongation in HS-proteoglycan biosynthesis. HS chains serve as binding partners for signaling proteins, affecting their distribution and activity. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway emerged as critical regulator of chondrogenesis. Yet, how EXT1 and HS affect Wnt/β-catenin signaling during chondrogenesis remains unexplored. METHOD Ext1 was stably knocked-down or overexpressed in ATDC5 chondrogenic cells cultured as micromasses. HS content was determined using ELISA. Chondrogenic markers Sox9, Col2a1, Aggrecan, and Wnt direct target gene Axin2 were measured by RT-qPCR. Proteoglycan content was evaluated by Alcian blue and DMMB assay, canonical Wnt signaling activation by β-catenin Western blot and TOP/FOP assay. ATDC5 cells and human articular chondrocytes were treated with Wnt activators CHIR99021 and recombinant WNT3A. RESULTS Ext1 knock-down reduced HS, and increased chondrogenic markers and proteoglycan accumulation. Ext1 knock-down reduced active Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, Ext1 overexpressing cells, with higher HS content, showed decreased chondrogenic differentiation and enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation led to a down-regulation of Ext1 expression in ATDC5 cells and in human articular chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS EXT1 affects chondrogenic differentiation of precursor cells, in part via changes in the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls Ext1 expression, suggesting a regulatory loop between EXT1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling during chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - F M F Cornelis
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - R J Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - S Monteagudo
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Yu SM, Han Y, Kim SJ. Simvastatin induces differentiation in rabbit articular chondrocytes via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Marín-Llera JC, Garciadiego-Cázares D, Chimal-Monroy J. Understanding the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms That Control Early Cell Fate Decisions During Appendicular Skeletogenesis. Front Genet 2019; 10:977. [PMID: 31681419 PMCID: PMC6797607 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the vertebrate skeleton is orchestrated in time and space by a number of gene regulatory networks that specify and position all skeletal tissues. During embryonic development, bones have two distinct origins: bone tissue differentiates directly from mesenchymal progenitors, whereas most long bones arise from cartilaginous templates through a process known as endochondral ossification. Before endochondral bone development takes place, chondrocytes form a cartilage analgen that will be sequentially segmented to form joints; thus, in the cartilage template, either the cartilage maturation programme or the joint formation programme is activated. Once the cartilage differentiation programme starts, the growth plate begins to form. In contrast, when the joint formation programme is activated, a capsule begins to form that contains special articular cartilage and synovium to generate a functional joint. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms controlling the earliest molecular events that regulate cell fate during skeletogenesis in long bones. We will explore the initial processes that lead to the recruitment of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, the commitment of chondrocyte lineages, and the formation of skeletal elements during morphogenesis. Thereafter, we will review the process of joint specification and joint morphogenesis. We will discuss the links between transcription factor activity, cell–cell interactions, cell–extracellular matrix interactions, growth factor signalling, and other molecular interactions that control mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell fate during embryonic skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cristina Marín-Llera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Chimal-Monroy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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