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Zakari S, Niels NK, Olagunju GV, Nnaji PC, Ogunniyi O, Tebamifor M, Israel EN, Atawodi SE, Ogunlana OO. Emerging biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of cancer: a systematic review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1405267. [PMID: 39132504 PMCID: PMC11313249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1405267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a global health challenge, necessitating continuous advancements in diagnostic and treatment strategies. This review focuses on the utility of non-invasive biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and treatment, their role in early detection, disease monitoring, and personalized therapeutic interventions. Through a systematic review of the literature, we identified 45 relevant studies that highlight the potential of these biomarkers across various cancer types, such as breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers. The non-invasive biomarkers discussed include liquid biopsies, epigenetic markers, non-coding RNAs, exosomal cargo, and metabolites. Notably, liquid biopsies, particularly those based on circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), have emerged as the most promising method for early, non-invasive cancer detection due to their ability to provide comprehensive genetic and epigenetic information from easily accessible blood samples. This review demonstrates how non-invasive biomarkers can facilitate early cancer detection, accurate subtyping, and tailored treatment strategies, thereby improving patient outcomes. It underscores the transformative potential of non-invasive biomarkers in oncology, highlighting their application for enhancing early detection, survival rates, and treatment precision in cancer care. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023474749 PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023474749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Zakari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Nguedia K. Niels
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Grace V. Olagunju
- Department of Molecular Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Precious C. Nnaji
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwabusayo Ogunniyi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Mercy Tebamifor
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel N. Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Sunday E. Atawodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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2
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Beech C, Hechtman JF. Molecular Approach to Colorectal Carcinoma: Current Evidence and Clinical Application. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:221-238. [PMID: 38821642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common cancer types in men and women, responsible for both the third highest incidence of new cancer cases and the third highest cause of cancer deaths. In the last several decades, the molecular mechanisms surrounding colorectal carcinoma's tumorigenesis have become clearer through research, providing new avenues for diagnostic testing and novel approaches to therapeutics. Laboratories are tasked with providing the most current information to help guide clinical decisions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge surrounding colorectal carcinoma tumorigenesis and highlight clinically relevant molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Beech
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaclyn F Hechtman
- Molecular and GI Pathologist, NeoGenomics Laboratories, Fort Myers, FL, USA.
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Pothuraju R, Khan I, Jain M, Bouvet M, Malafa M, Roy HK, Kumar S, Batra SK. Colorectal cancer murine models: Initiation to metastasis. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216704. [PMID: 38360138 PMCID: PMC11257378 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in prevention and treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Animal models, including xenografts, syngeneic, and genetically engineered, have emerged as indispensable tools in cancer research. These models offer a valuable platform to address critical questions regarding molecular pathogenesis and test therapeutic interventions before moving on to clinical trials. Advancements in CRC animal models have also facilitated the advent of personalized and precision medicine. Patient-derived xenografts and genetically engineered mice that mirror features of human tumors allow for tailoring treatments to specific CRC subtypes, improving treatment outcomes and quality of life. To overcome the limitations of individual model systems, recent studies have employed a multi-modal approach, combining different animal models, 3D organoids, and in vitro studies. This integrative approach provides a comprehensive understanding of CRC biology, including the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic responses, driving the development of more effective and personalized therapeutic interventions. This review discusses the animal models used for CRC research, including recent advancements and limitations of these animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hemant K Roy
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX-77030, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
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Cheng J, Zhou J. Unraveling the gut health puzzle: exploring the mechanisms of butyrate and the potential of High-Amylose Maize Starch Butyrate (HAMSB) in alleviating colorectal disturbances. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1285169. [PMID: 38304546 PMCID: PMC10830644 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1285169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal disturbances encompass a variety of disorders that impact the colon and rectum, such as colitis and colon cancer. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, plays a pivotal role in supporting gut health by nourishing colonocytes, promoting barrier function, modulating inflammation, and fostering a balanced microbiome. Increasing colorectal butyrate concentration may serve as a critical strategy to improve colon function and reduce the risk of colorectal disturbances. Butyrylated high-amylose maize starch (HAMSB) is an edible ingredient that efficiently delivers butyrate to the colon. HAMSB is developed by esterifying a high-amylose starch backbone with butyric anhydride. With a degree of substitution of 0.25, each hydroxy group of HAMSB is substituted by a butyryl group in every four D-glucopyranosyl units. In humans, the digestibility of HAMSB is 68% (w/w), and 60% butyrate molecules attached to the starch backbone is absorbed by the colon. One clinical trial yielded two publications, which showed that HAMSB significantly reduced rectal O6-methyl-guanine adducts and epithelial proliferation induced by the high protein diet. Fecal microbial profiles were assessed in three clinical trials, showing that HAMSB supplementation was consistently linked to increased abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis. In animal studies, HAMSB was effective in reducing the risk of diet- or AOM-induced colon cancer by reducing genetic damage, but the mechanisms differed. HAMSB functioned through affecting cecal ammonia levels by modulating colon pH in diet-induced cancer, while it ameliorated chemical-induced colon cancer through downregulating miR19b and miR92a expressions and subsequently activating the caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, animal studies showed that HAMSB improved colitis via regulating the gut immune modulation by inhibiting histone deacetylase and activating G protein-coupled receptors, but its role in bacteria-induced colon colitis requires further investigation. In conclusion, HAMSB is a food ingredient that may deliver butyrate to the colon to support colon health. Further clinical trials are warranted to validate earlier findings and determine the minimum effective dose of HAMSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Cheng
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Department, Ingredion Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Department, Ingredion Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
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Brockmueller A, Buhrmann C, Moravejolahkami AR, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol and p53: How are they involved in CRC plasticity and apoptosis? J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00005-5. [PMID: 38190940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), which is mainly caused by epigenetic and lifestyle factors, is very often associated with functional plasticity during its development. In addition, the malignant plasticity of CRC cells underscores one of their survival abilities to functionally adapt to specific stresses, including inflammation, that occur during carcinogenesis. This leads to the generation of various subsets of cancer cells with phenotypic diversity and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), formation of cancer cell stem cells (CSCs) and metabolic reprogramming. This can enhance cancer cell differentiation and facilitate tumorigenic potential, drug resistance and metastasis. AIM OF REVIEW The tumor protein p53 acts as one of the central suppressors of carcinogenesis by regulating its target genes, whose proteins are involved in the plasticity of cancer cells, autophagy, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest published research on resveratrol's effect in the prevention of CRC, its regulatory actions, specifically on the p53 pathway, and its treatment options. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, is a potent inducer of a variety of tumor-controlling. However, the underlying mechanisms linking the p53 signaling pathway to the functional anti-plasticity effect of resveratrol in CRC are still poorly understood. Therefore, this review discusses novel relationships between anti-cellular plasticity/heterogeneity, pro-apoptosis and modulation of tumor protein p53 signaling in CRC oncogenesis, as one of the crucial mechanisms by which resveratrol prevents malignant phenotypic changes leading to cell migration and drug resistance, thus improving the ongoing treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze Buhrmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Amir Reza Moravejolahkami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Yin J, Huang H, Zheng M, Hu J. An ultrasonic biosample disruptor with two triangular teeth on its radiation face. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300263. [PMID: 38009259 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been used in biosample disruption such as disruption of algal cell and DNA. New structure of ultrasonic biosample disruptor (UBD) needs to be explored to increase the energy efficiency. In this study, an UBD with two triangular teeth on the bottom radiation face of the water tank has been proposed, to concentrate the acoustic energy into the slot between the two neighboring triangular teeth, in order to raise the acoustic energy utilization and fragmentation performance. The acoustic energy concentration into the slot is verified by the FEM computation, and the improvement of fragmentation performance is experimentally confirmed with spirulina and tribonema, compared to the traditional UBD which has a flat radiation face. The number proportion of fragment in the length range of 10-20 μm generated by the UBD proposed in this work is 17.08% and 10.82% more than that generated by the traditional UBD for the two samples, respectively. Besides, the UBD proposed in this work has a much smaller standard deviation of DNA fragment length (47 bp) than the traditional UBD (249 bp), with a similar mean length of fragments. Moreover, the maximum weight proportion of fragment in the range of 100-300 bp, generated by the UBD proposed in this work, is 71.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Junhui Hu
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
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Winter SE, Bäumler AJ. Gut dysbiosis: Ecological causes and causative effects on human disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2316579120. [PMID: 38048456 PMCID: PMC10722970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316579120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a role in many human diseases, but high-throughput sequence analysis does not provide a straightforward path for defining healthy microbial communities. Therefore, understanding mechanisms that drive compositional changes during disease (gut dysbiosis) continues to be a central goal in microbiome research. Insights from the microbial pathogenesis field show that an ecological cause for gut dysbiosis is an increased availability of host-derived respiratory electron acceptors, which are dominant drivers of microbial community composition. Similar changes in the host environment also drive gut dysbiosis in several chronic human illnesses, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms informs approaches to causatively link compositional changes in the gut microbiota to an exacerbation of symptoms. The emerging picture suggests that homeostasis is maintained by host functions that control the availability of resources governing microbial growth. Defining dysbiosis as a weakening of these host functions directs attention to the underlying cause and identifies potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian E. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA95616
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Andreas J. Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
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8
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Pasquereau-Kotula E, du Merle L, Sismeiro O, Pietrosemoli N, Varet H, Legendre R, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S. Transcriptome profiling of human col\onic cells exposed to the gut pathobiont Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294868. [PMID: 38033043 PMCID: PMC10688619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus sp. gallolyticus (SGG) is a gut pathobiont involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To decipher SGG contribution in tumor initiation and/or acceleration respectively, a global transcriptome was performed in human normal colonic cells (FHC) and in human tumoral colonic cells (HT29). To identify SGG-specific alterations, we chose the phylogenetically closest relative, Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus (SGM) as control bacterium. We show that SGM, a bacterium generally considered as safe, did not induce any transcriptional changes on the two human colonic cells. The transcriptional reprogramming induced by SGG in normal FHC and tumoral HT29 cells was significantly different, although most of the genes up- and down-regulated were associated with cancer disease. Top up-regulated genes related to cancer were: (i) IL-20, CLK1, SORBS2, ERG1, PIM1, SNORD3A for normal FHC cells and (ii) TSLP, BHLHA15, LAMP3, ZNF27B, KRT17, ATF3 for cancerous HT29 cells. The total number of altered genes were much higher in cancerous than in normal colonic cells (2,090 vs 128 genes being affected, respectively). Gene set enrichment analysis reveals that SGG-induced strong ER- (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and UPR- (unfolded protein response) activation in colonic epithelial cells. Our results suggest that SGG induces a pro-tumoral shift in human colonic cells particularly in transformed cells potentially accelerating tumor development in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pasquereau-Kotula
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
| | - Laurence du Merle
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
| | - Odile Sismeiro
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Pietrosemoli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
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Kumarasamy G, Mohd Salim NH, Mohd Afandi NS, Hazlami Habib MA, Mat Amin ND, Ismail MN, Musa M. Glycoproteomics-based liquid biopsy: translational outlook for colorectal cancer clinical management in Southeast Asia. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2313-2332. [PMID: 37937446 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) signifies a significant healthcare challenge in Southeast Asia. Despite advancements in screening approaches and treatment modalities, significant medical gaps remain, ranging from prevention and early diagnosis to determining targeted therapy and establishing personalized approaches to managing CRC. There is a need to expand more validated biomarkers in clinical practice. An advanced technique incorporating high-throughput mass spectrometry as a liquid biopsy to unravel a repertoire of glycoproteins and glycans would potentially drive the development of clinical tools for CRC screening, diagnosis and monitoring, and it can be further adapted to the existing standard-of-care procedure. Therefore this review offers a perspective on glycoproteomics-driven liquid biopsy and its potential integration into the clinical care of CRC in the southeast Asia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaayathri Kumarasamy
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hakimah Mohd Salim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syafiqah Mohd Afandi
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11900, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Afiq Hazlami Habib
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11900, Malaysia
| | - Nor Datiakma Mat Amin
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11900, Malaysia
- Nature Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, 52109, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11900, Malaysia
| | - Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
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Ascrizzi S, Arillotta GM, Grillone K, Caridà G, Signorelli S, Ali A, Romeo C, Tassone P, Tagliaferri P. Lynch Syndrome Biopathology and Treatment: The Potential Role of microRNAs in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3930. [PMID: 37568746 PMCID: PMC10417124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS), also known as Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome which causes about 2-3% of cases of colorectal carcinoma. The development of LS is due to the genetic and epigenetic inactivation of genes involved in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system, causing an epiphenomenon known as microsatellite instability (MSI). Despite the fact that the genetics of the vast majority of MSI-positive (MSI+) cancers can be explained, the etiology of this specific subset is still poorly understood. As a possible new mechanism, it has been recently demonstrated that the overexpression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), such as miR-155, miR-21, miR-137, can induce MSI or modulate the expression of the genes involved in LS pathogenesis. MiRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by playing a critical role in the modulation of key oncogenic pathways. Increasing evidence of the link between MSI and miRNAs in LS prompted a deeper investigation into the miRNome involved in these diseases. In this regard, in this study, we discuss the emerging role of miRNAs as crucial players in the onset and progression of LS as well as their potential use as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the current view of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ascrizzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Grazia Maria Arillotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Giulio Caridà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Stefania Signorelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Caterina Romeo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
- Medical Oncology and Translational Medical Oncology Units, University Hospital Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
- Medical Oncology and Translational Medical Oncology Units, University Hospital Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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11
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DAL Z, ARU B. The role of curcumin on apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis on colorectal cancer in vitro. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:883-893. [PMID: 38031951 PMCID: PMC10760590 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Many factors such as stress, lifestyle, and dietary habits are known to play a role in the initiation and progression of the disease. Herbal therapeutic agents including curcumin can hold a great potential against cancer treatment; however, their efficacy on CRC is still under investigation. Herein, we evaluated the anticancer mechanism of curcumin on four different CRC cell lines. METHODS Cells were treated with curcumin for 24, 48 and 72 h, and IC50 doses for each cell line were calculated. Mechanistic studies were conducted with the lowest IC50 dose determined for each cell line by evaluating apoptosis and necrosis, cell division, and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. RESULTS Curcumin treatment significantly decreased viability while increasing the SubG1 phase in all cell lines tested, indicating apoptosis is the main programmed cell death pathway activated upon curcumin treatment in CRC. In terms of pyroptosis, components of NLRP3 inflammasome were found to be elevated in SW480 and HCT116 cell lines, although to a lesser extent in the latter, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was not observed in LoVo and HT29 cells. DISCUSSION Our results reveal that while curcumin effectively induces apoptosis, its effects on NLRP3-inflammasome mediated pyroptosis vary. Our results underline the need for further research focusing on the other inflammasome complexes to confirm the differential effects of curcumin on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep DAL
- 6th Phase Student, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Başak ARU
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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12
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Pisani LF, Teani I, Vecchi M, Pastorelli L. Interleukin-33: Friend or Foe in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers? Cells 2023; 12:1481. [PMID: 37296602 PMCID: PMC10252908 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, has crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and repair, type 2 immunity, inflammation, and viral infection. IL-33 is a novel contributing factor in tumorigenesis and plays a critical role in regulating angiogenesis and cancer progression in a variety of human cancers. The partially unraveled role of IL-33/ST2 signaling in gastrointestinal tract cancers is being investigated through the analysis of patients' samples and by studies in murine and rat models. In this review, we discuss the basic biology and mechanisms of release of the IL-33 protein and its involvement in gastrointestinal cancer onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Francesca Pisani
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Teani
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pastorelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
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13
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Alam MR, Seo KJ, Abdul-Ghafar J, Yim K, Lee SH, Jang HJ, Jung CK, Chong Y. Recent application of artificial intelligence on histopathologic image-based prediction of gene mutation in solid cancers. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad151. [PMID: 37114657 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of genetic mutations in cancers is important because distinct mutational profiles help determine individualized drug therapy. However, molecular analyses are not routinely performed in all cancers because they are expensive, time-consuming and not universally available. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown the potential to determine a wide range of genetic mutations on histologic image analysis. Here, we assessed the status of mutation prediction AI models on histologic images by a systematic review. METHODS A literature search using the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases was conducted in August 2021. The articles were shortlisted by titles and abstracts. After a full-text review, publication trends, study characteristic analysis and comparison of performance metrics were performed. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were found mostly from developed countries, and their number is increasing. The major targets were gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, lung and head and neck cancers. Most studies used the Cancer Genome Atlas, with a few using an in-house dataset. The area under the curve of some of the cancer driver gene mutations in particular organs was satisfactory, such as 0.92 of BRAF in thyroid cancers and 0.79 of EGFR in lung cancers, whereas the average of all gene mutations was 0.64, which is still suboptimal. CONCLUSION AI has the potential to predict gene mutations on histologic images with appropriate caution. Further validation with larger datasets is still required before AI models can be used in clinical practice to predict gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rizwan Alam
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangil Yim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Jang
- Catholic Big Data Integration Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosep Chong
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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14
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Pu W, Zhang H, Zhang T, Guo X, Wang X, Tang S. Inhibitory effects of Clostridium butyricum culture and supernatant on inflammatory colorectal cancer in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1004756. [PMID: 37081884 PMCID: PMC10111964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1004756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum (CB) is a spore-forming, gram-positive and obligate anaerobic rod bacterium. CB can modulate the composition of the gut microbiome and promote the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestine by generating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which in turn protect against colitis and prevents the formation of inflammatory-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) by ameliorating colon inflammatory processes. Yet, it remains unclear whether the culture and supernatant of CB could directly influence inflammatory CRC in mice. In this study, azoxymethane (AOM)+dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) was used to induce CRC model in C57BL/6 mice. Next, the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and cytokines TNF-α, were measured and the pathohistological examination of the large intestine was performed. Both CB culture and supernatant were found to have anti-inflammatory properties. Subsequently, Western blot and Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that CB and supernatant regulate the NF-κB/p65 pathway to inhibit the development and progression of inflammatory CRC in AOM+DSS-treated mice, which could be due to the high levels of butyric acid in the supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nan Chong Central Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nan Chong Central Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoguang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Nan Chong Central Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Nucler Medicine, Nan Chong Central Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, China
| | - Shaohui Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohui Tang,
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15
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Kelm M, Wiegering A, Germer CT, Flemming S. [Surgical strategies for hereditary colorectal cancer]. CHIRURGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 94:412-416. [PMID: 36856815 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-023-01823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary colorectal cancer (hCRC) represents a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In addition to the usual diagnostic methods, the family history, histological confirmation and mutation analysis play an important role in identifying the type of hereditary CRC. The diagnosis and classification of hCRC are carried out based on the anamnesis, clinical presentation and histology and the further treatment is determined depending on the underlying type of hCRC. For familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) coloproctomucosectomy after the end of puberty is always recommended, whereas the treatment recommendations for other forms, such as attenuated FAP (aFAP), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome), range from close surveillance and endoscopic control, through segmental resection up to colectomy. Irrespective of the type of hCRC, the treatment regimens necessitate an individualized approach and require close interdisciplinary cooperation. When colorectal resection is performed, minimally invasive procedures should principally be prioritized and some studies could demonstrate a potential benefit of robotic surgery compared to laparoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kelm
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - A Wiegering
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - C-T Germer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - S Flemming
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.
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16
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Jardim SR, de Souza LMP, de Souza HSP. The Rise of Gastrointestinal Cancers as a Global Phenomenon: Unhealthy Behavior or Progress? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3640. [PMID: 36834334 PMCID: PMC9962127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The overall burden of cancer is rapidly increasing worldwide, reflecting not only population growth and aging, but also the prevalence and spread of risk factors. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including stomach, liver, esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, represent more than a quarter of all cancers. While smoking and alcohol use are the risk factors most commonly associated with cancer development, a growing consensus also includes dietary habits as relevant risk factors for GI cancers. Current evidence suggests that socioeconomic development results in several lifestyle modifications, including shifts in dietary habits from local traditional diets to less-healthy Western diets. Moreover, recent data indicate that increased production and consumption of processed foods underlies the current pandemics of obesity and related metabolic disorders, which are directly or indirectly associated with the emergence of various chronic noncommunicable conditions and GI cancers. However, environmental changes are not restricted to dietary patterns, and unhealthy behavioral features should be analyzed with a holistic view of lifestyle. In this review, we discussed the epidemiological aspects, gut dysbiosis, and cellular and molecular characteristics of GI cancers and explored the impact of unhealthy behaviors, diet, and physical activity on developing GI cancers in the context of progressive societal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigues Jardim
- Division of Worker’s Health, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucila Marieta Perrotta de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, RJ, Brazil
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17
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Dai W, Yang J, Liu X, Mei Q, Peng W, Hu X. Anti-colorectal cancer of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf. and targets prediction via network pharmacology and molecular docking study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:4. [PMID: 36624500 PMCID: PMC9827653 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf. (AGS), a Chinese folk medicine widely grows in the south of China and several studies reported that AGS could inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer, liver cancer, and bladder cancer cell lines. However, little is known about its anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) efficiency. METHODS In the present study, a combination of MTT assay, network pharmacological analysis, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation study was used to investigate the active ingredients, and targets of AGS against CRC, as well as the potential mechanism. RESULTS MTT assay showed that three kinds of fractions from AGS, including the n-butanol extract (NBAGS), ethyl acetate fraction (EAAGS), and petroleum ether fraction (PEAGS) significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells, with the IC50 values of 197.24, 264.85, 15.45 µg/mL on HCT116 cells, and 523.6, 323.59, 150.31 µg/mL on SW620 cells, respectively. Eleven active ingredients, including, 11-O-galloylbergenin, 11-O-protocatechuoylbergenin, 11-O-syringylbergenin, ardisiacrispin B, bergenin, epicatechin-3-gallate, gallic acid, quercetin, stigmasterol, stigmasterol-3-o-β-D-glucopyranoside were identified. A total of 173 targets related to the bioactive components and 21,572 targets related to CRC were picked out through database searching. Based on the crossover targets of AGS and CRC, a protein-protein interaction network was built up by the String database, from which it was concluded that the core targets would be SRC, MAPK1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, MAPK8. Besides, GO analysis showed that the numbers of biological process, cellular component, and molecular function of AGS against CRC were 1079, 44, and 132, respectively, and KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that 96 signaling pathways in all would probably be involved in AGS against CRC, among which MAPK signaling pathway, lipid, and atherosclerosis, proteoglycans in cancer, prostate cancer, adherens junction would probably be the major pathways. The docking study verified that AGS had multiple ingredients and multiple targets against CRC. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis showed that the binding would be stable via forming hydrogen bonds. CONCLUSION Our study showed that AGS had good anti-CRC potency with the characteristics of multi-ingredients, -targets, and -signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Dai
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 528401 Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 528401 Zhongshan, PR China ,Zhongshan Torch Development Zone People’s Hospital, 528401 Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 528401 Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Quanxi Mei
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, 518101 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Weijie Peng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 528401 Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Xianjing Hu
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 523808 Dongguan, PR China
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18
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Gogoi P, Kaur G, Singh NK. Nanotechnology for colorectal cancer detection and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6497-6511. [PMID: 36569271 PMCID: PMC9782835 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i46.6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Across the globe, people in the age group older than 50 are at a higher risk of CRC. Genetic and environmental risk factors play a significant role in the development of CRC. If detected early, CRC is preventable and treatable. Currently, available screening methods and therapies for CRC treatment reduce the incidence rate among the population, but the micrometastasis of cancer may lead to recurrence. Therefore, the challenge is to develop an alternative therapy to overcome this complication. Nanotechnology plays a vital role in cancer treatment and offers targeted chemotherapies directly and selectively to cancer cells, with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, nanotechnology elevates the chances of patient survival in comparison to traditional chemotherapies. The potential of nanoparticles includes that they may be used simultaneously for diagnosis and treatment. These exciting properties of nanoparticles have enticed researchers worldwide to unveil their use in early CRC detection and as effective treatment. This review discusses contemporary methods of CRC screening and therapies for CRC treatment, while the primary focus is on the theranostic approach of nanotechnology in CRC treatment and its prospects. In addition, this review aims to provide knowledge on the advancement of nanotechnology in CRC and as a starting point for researchers to think about new therapeutic approaches using nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Gogoi
- Integrative Biosciences Center, OVAS, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, OVAS, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Integrative Biosciences Center, OVAS, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
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19
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Maity M, Pramanik U, Hathwar VR, Brandao P, Mukherjee S, Maity S, Maity R, Maity T, Chandra Samanta B. Biophysical insights into the binding capability of Cu(II) schiff base complex with BSA protein and cytotoxicity studies against SiHa. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Shyr C, Blackford AL, Huang T, Ke J, Ouardaoui N, Trippa L, Syngal S, Ukaegbu C, Uno H, Nafa K, Stadler ZK, Offit K, Amos CI, Lynch PM, Chen S, Giardiello FM, Buchanan DD, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Southey MC, Win AK, Figueiredo JC, Braun D, Parmigiani G. A validation of models for prediction of pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes. Genet Med 2022; 24:2155-2166. [PMID: 35997715 PMCID: PMC10312204 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Models used to predict the probability of an individual having a pathogenic homozygous or heterozygous variant in a mismatch repair gene, such as MMRpro, are widely used. Recently, MMRpro was updated with new colorectal cancer penetrance estimates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance of MMRpro and other models for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer. METHODS We performed a validation study of 4 models, Leiden, MMRpredict, PREMM5, and MMRpro, using 784 members of clinic-based families from the United States. Predicted probabilities were compared with germline testing results and evaluated for discrimination, calibration, and predictive accuracy. We analyzed several strategies to combine models and improve predictive performance. RESULTS MMRpro with additional tumor information (MMRpro+) and PREMM5 outperformed the other models in discrimination and predictive accuracy. MMRpro+ was the best calibrated with an observed to expected ratio of 0.98 (95% CI = 0.89-1.08). The combination models showed improvement over PREMM5 and performed similar to MMRpro+. CONCLUSION MMRpro+ and PREMM5 performed well in predicting the probability of having a pathogenic homozygous or heterozygous variant in a mismatch repair gene. They serve as useful clinical decision tools for identifying individuals who would benefit greatly from screening and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Theodore Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jianfeng Ke
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nofal Ouardaoui
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Lorenzo Trippa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Sapna Syngal
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Division, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chinedu Ukaegbu
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Division, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Hajime Uno
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; McGraw/Patterson Center for Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Khedoudja Nafa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnostic Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Zsofia K Stadler
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY; Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY; Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick M Lynch
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Francis M Giardiello
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Danielle Braun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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21
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Geographic Distribution and Time Trends of Colorectal Cancer in Brazil from 2005 to 2018. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4708-4718. [PMID: 35040020 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the geographic distribution and time trends of CRC in Brazil. METHODS Data were retrospectively retrieved from January 2005 to December 2018 from the Brazilian Public Health System. The incidence and lethality rates of CRC per 100,000 inhabitants in each municipality were estimated from hospitalizations and in-hospital deaths and were classified by age, sex, and demographic features. RESULTS During the study period, the mean incidence of CRC estimated from hospitalizations and adjusted to available hospital beds more than tripled from 14.6 to 51.4 per 100,000 inhabitants (352%). Increases in CRC incidence were detected in all age ranges, particularly among people aged 50-69 years (266%). Incidence rates increased in all 5 macroregions, with a clear South to North gradient. The greatest changes in incidence and lethality rates were registered in small-sized municipalities. CRC lethality estimated from in-hospital deaths decreased similarly in both sexes, from 12 to 8% for males and females, from 2005 to 2018. The decline in lethality rates was seen in all age ranges, mainly in people aged 50 to 69 years (- 38%). CONCLUSIONS CRC incidence is increasing, predominantly above fifty years of age, and also in areas previously considered as having low incidence, but the increase is not paralleled by lethality rates. This suggests recent improvements in CRC screening programs and treatment, but also supports the spread of environmental risk factors throughout the country.
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22
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Chhetri D, Vengadassalapathy S, Venkadassalapathy S, Balachandran V, Umapathy VR, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S, Patil S, Iyaswamy A, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. Pleiotropic effects of DCLK1 in cancer and cancer stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965730. [PMID: 36250024 PMCID: PMC9560780 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a protein molecule, has been identified as a tumor stem cell marker in the cancer cells of gastrointestinal, pancreas, and human colon. DCLK1 expression in cancers, such as breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, hepatic cell carcinoma, tuft cells, and human cholangiocarcinoma, has shown a way to target the DCLK1 gene and downregulate its expression. Several studies have discussed the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation along with neoplastic cell arrest when the DCLK1 gene, which is expressed in both cancer and normal cells, was targeted successfully. In addition, previous studies have shown that DCLK1 plays a vital role in various cancer metastases. The correlation of DCLK1 with numerous stem cell receptors, signaling pathways, and genes suggests its direct or an indirect role in promoting tumorigenesis. Moreover, the impact of DCLK1 was found to be related to the functioning of an oncogene. The downregulation of DCLK1 expression by using targeted strategies, such as embracing the use of siRNA, miRNA, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, nanomolecules, specific monoclonal antibodies, and silencing the pathways regulated by DCLK1, has shown promising results in both in vitro and in vivo studies on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. In this review, we will discuss about the present understanding of DCLK1 and its role in the progression of GI cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyashree Chhetri
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | | | - Varadharaju Balachandran
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Centre for Parkinsons Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
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Drug-Resistant Stem Cells: Novel Approach for Colon Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137055. [PMID: 35806056 PMCID: PMC9266363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression of female breast and colon cancer represents a major cause of mortality in women. Spontaneous/acquired resistance to conventional and targeted chemo-endocrine therapy is associated with the emergence of drug-resistant tumor-initiating cancer stem cell populations. The cancer-initiating premalignant stem cells exhibit activation of select cancer cell signaling pathways and undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition, leading to the evolution of a metastatic phenotype. The development of reliable cancer stem cell models provides valuable experimental approaches to identify novel testable therapeutic alternatives for therapy-resistant cancer. Drug-resistant stem cell models for molecular subtypes of clinical breast cancer and for genetically predisposed colon cancer are developed by selecting epithelial cells that survive in the presence of cytostatic concentrations of relevant therapeutic agents. These putative stem cells are characterized by the expression status of select cellular and molecular stem cell markers. The stem cell models are utilized as experimental approaches to examine the stem-cell-targeted growth inhibitory efficacy of naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals. The present review provides a systematic discussion on (i) conceptual and experimental aspects relevant to the chemo-endocrine therapy of breast and colon cancer, (ii) molecular/cellular aspects of cancer stem cells and (iii) potential stem-cell-targeting lead compounds as testable alternatives against the progression of therapy-resistant breast and colon cancer.
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Cariello M, Zerlotin R, Pasculli E, Piccinin E, Peres C, Porru E, Roda A, Gadaleta RM, Moschetta A. Intestinal FXR Activation via Transgenic Chimera or Chemical Agonism Prevents Colitis-Associated and Genetically-Induced Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133081. [PMID: 35804854 PMCID: PMC9265121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Disruption of Bile Acids (BA) regulation with increased BA concentration and modulation or their detergent pro-inflammatory activity has been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is the master regulator of BA homeostasis; FXR is a nuclear receptor that transcriptionally modulates their synthesis, transport and metabolism. In this study, we demonstrated that intestinal FXR activation prevented both inflammation- and genetically-driven colorectal tumorigenesis by modulating BA pool size and composition. This could open new avenues for the therapeutic management of intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. Abstract The Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is the master regulator of Bile Acids (BA) homeostasis orchestrating their synthesis, transport and metabolism. Disruption of BA regulation has been linked to gut-liver axis diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, firstly we examined the role of constitutive activation of intestinal FXR in CRC; then we pre-clinically investigated the therapeutic potential of a diet enriched with a synthetic FXR agonist in two models of CRC (chemically-induced and genetic models). We demonstrated that mice with intestinal constitutive FXR activation are protected from AOM/DSS-induced CRC with a significant reduction of tumor number compared to controls. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of chemical FXR agonism in a DSS model of colitis in wild type (WT) and FXRnull mice. WT mice administered with the FXR activating diet showed less morphological alterations and decreased inflammatory infiltrates compared to controls. The FXR activating diet also protected WT mice from AOM/DSS-induced CRC by reducing tumors’ number and size. Finally, we proved that the FXR activating diet prevented spontaneous CRC in APCMin/+ mice via an FXR-dependent modulation of BA homeostasis. Our results demonstrate that intestinal FXR activation prevented both inflammation- and genetically-driven colorectal tumorigenesis by modulating BA pool size and composition. This could open new avenues for the therapeutic management of intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (R.Z.); (E.P.); (C.P.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (R.Z.); (E.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Emanuela Pasculli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (R.Z.); (E.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Claudia Peres
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (R.Z.); (E.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Emanuele Porru
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (A.R.)
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (A.R.)
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Maria Gadaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (R.Z.); (E.P.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.G.); (A.M.); Tel.: +39-3515833893 (R.M.G.); +39-0805593262 (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (R.Z.); (E.P.); (C.P.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.G.); (A.M.); Tel.: +39-3515833893 (R.M.G.); +39-0805593262 (A.M.)
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Tosti E, Almeida AS, Tran TT, Barbachan e Silva M, Broin PÓ, Dubin R, Chen K, Beck AP, Mclellan AS, Vilar E, Golden A, O’Toole PW, Edelmann W. Loss of MMR and TGFBR2 Increases the Susceptibility to Microbiota-Dependent Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:693-717. [PMID: 35688320 PMCID: PMC9421583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are causative in Lynch syndrome and a significant proportion of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs). MMR-deficient (dMMR) CRCs display increased mutation rates, with mutations frequently accumulating at short repetitive DNA sequences throughout the genome (microsatellite instability). The TGFBR2 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in dMMR CRCs. Therefore, we generated an animal model to study how the loss of both TGFBR2 signaling impacts dMMR-driven intestinal tumorigenesis in vivo and explore the impact of the gut microbiota. METHODS We generated VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice in which Msh2loxP and Tgfbr2loxP alleles are inactivated by Villin-Cre recombinase in the intestinal epithelium. VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice were analyzed for their rate of intestinal cancer development and for the mutational spectra and gene expression profiles of tumors. In addition, we assessed the impact of chemically induced chronic inflammation and gut microbiota composition on colorectal tumorigenesis. RESULTS VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice developed small intestinal adenocarcinomas and CRCs with histopathological features highly similar to CRCs in Lynch syndrome patients. The CRCs in VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice were associated with the presence of colitis and displayed genetic and histological features that resembled inflammation-associated CRCs in human patients. The development of CRCs in VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice was strongly modulated by the gut microbiota composition, which in turn was impacted by the TGFBR2 status of the tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a synergistic interaction between MMR and TGFBR2 inactivation in inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis and highlight the crucial impact of the gut microbiota on modulating the incidence of inflammation-associated CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tosti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Elena Tosti, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. fax: 718-430-8574
| | - Ana S. Almeida
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tam T.T. Tran
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mariel Barbachan e Silva
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pilib Ó. Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Dubin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Amanda P. Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Andrew S. Mclellan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron Golden
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Winfried Edelmann, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. fax: 718-430-8574.
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Krasteva N, Georgieva M. Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Based on Nanomaterials. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061213. [PMID: 35745786 PMCID: PMC9227901 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health problem responsible for 10% of all cancer incidences and 9.4% of all cancer deaths worldwide. The number of new cases increases per annum, whereas the lack of effective therapies highlights the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Conventional treatment methods, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are widely applied in oncology practice. Their therapeutic success is little, and therefore, the search for novel technologies is ongoing. Many efforts have focused recently on the development of safe and efficient cancer nanomedicines. Nanoparticles are among them. They are uniquewith their properties on a nanoscale and hold the potential to exploit intrinsic metabolic differences between cancer and healthy cells. This feature allows them to induce high levels of toxicity in cancer cells with little damage to the surrounding healthy tissues. Graphene oxide is a promising 2D material found to play an important role in cancer treatments through several strategies: direct killing and chemosensitization, drug and gene delivery, and phototherapy. Several new treatment approaches based on nanoparticles, particularly graphene oxide, are currently under research in clinical trials, and some have already been approved. Here, we provide an update on the recent advances in nanomaterials-based CRC-targeted therapy, with special attention to graphene oxide nanomaterials. We summarise the epidemiology, carcinogenesis, stages of the CRCs, and current nanomaterials-based therapeutic approaches for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (M.G.); Tel.: +359-889-577-074 (N.K.); +359-896-833-604 (M.G.)
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (M.G.); Tel.: +359-889-577-074 (N.K.); +359-896-833-604 (M.G.)
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Microbiome Analysis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer by 16S Ribosomal RNA Sequencing in the Southeast of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the colon microbiome may be involved in CRC development. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the composition and diversity of the colon microbiome by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing between CRC patients and healthy controls. Microbiome composition and diversity were also examined based on gender. Methods: The colon microbiome richness and diversity of samples from 17 CRC patients and 13 healthy controls were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity were calculated to determine the differences in colon microbiome diversity. Results: Alpha and beta diversity showed significant differences between the CRC and healthy control groups regarding the microbiome. Our results showed that CRC samples had the highest richness and diversity. The total number (P ≤ 0.01), phylogenetic diversity (P ≤ 0.01), Chao1 (P ≤ 0.01), Shannon (P ≤ 0.05), and Simpson (P ≤ 0.01) indices were significantly higher in the CRC group than in the healthy control group. In addition, the comparison between females and males showed that the microbiome diversity was higher in the CRC female (CRC-F) group than in other groups. Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Akkermansia, Leptotrichia, Streptococcus, and ParaBacteroides were more commonly observed in the CRC group, while Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae (unknown genus), Ruminococcus, and Campylobacter were more commonly observed in the healthy control group. Conclusions: This study showed differences between the CRC and healthy control groups regarding the diversity and composition of the colon microbiome, suggesting a contribution of the microbiome in the development and progression of CRC.
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Ma F, Sun M, Song Y, Wang A, Jiang S, Qian F, Mu G, Tuo Y. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-12 Alleviates Inflammation and Colon Cancer Symptoms in AOM/DSS-Treated Mice through Modulating the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091916. [PMID: 35565884 PMCID: PMC9100115 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous research, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-12 alleviated inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice by regulating intestinal microbiota and preventing colon shortening (p < 0.05). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether L. plantarum-12 could ameliorate the colon cancer symptoms of azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that L. plantarum-12 alleviated colonic shortening (from 7.43 ± 0.15 to 8.23 ± 0.25) and weight loss (from 25.92 ± 0.21 to 27.75 ± 0.88) in AOM/DSS-treated mice. L. plantarum-12 oral administration down-regulated pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α (from 350.41 ± 15.80 to 247.72 ± 21.91), IL-8 (from 322.19 ± 11.83 to 226.08 ± 22.06), and IL-1β (111.43 ± 8.14 to 56.90 ± 2.70) levels and up-regulated anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (from 126.08 ± 24.92 to 275.89 ± 21.87) level of AOM/DSS-treated mice. L. plantarum-12 oral administration restored the intestinal microbiota dysbiosis of the AOM/DSS treated mice by up-regulating beneficial Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae levels and down-regulating pathogenic Proteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae levels. As a result, the fecal metabolites of the AOM/DSS-treated mice were altered, including xanthosine, uridine, 3,4-methylenesebacic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecanedioic acid, 4-hydroxyhexanoylglycine, beta-leucine, and glycitein, by L. plantarum-12 oral administration. Furthermore, L. plantarum-12 oral administration significantly ameliorated the colon injury of the AOM/DSS-treated mice by enhancing colonic tight junction protein level and promoting tumor cells death via down-regulating PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and up-regulating pro-apoptotic Bax. (p < 0.05). Taken together, L. plantarum-12 oral administration could ameliorate the colon cancer burden and inflammation of AOM-DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice through regulating the intestinal microbiota, manipulating fecal metabolites, enhancing colon barrier function, and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. These results suggest that L. plantarum-12 might be an excellent probiotic candidate for the prevention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (F.M.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (F.Q.)
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mengying Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (F.M.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (F.Q.)
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yinglong Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (F.M.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (F.Q.)
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Arong Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (F.M.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (F.Q.)
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (F.M.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (F.Q.)
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (F.M.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (F.Q.)
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (F.M.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (F.Q.)
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (Y.T.); Tel./Fax: +86-0411-86324506 (G.M.); +86-0411-86322121 (Y.T.)
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (F.M.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (F.Q.)
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (Y.T.); Tel./Fax: +86-0411-86324506 (G.M.); +86-0411-86322121 (Y.T.)
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A Comprehensive View on the Quercetin Impact on Colorectal Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061873. [PMID: 35335239 PMCID: PMC8953922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third type of cancer in incidence and second in mortality worldwide, with the newly diagnosed case number on the rise. Among the diagnosed patients, approximately 70% have no hereditary germ-line mutations or family history of pathology, thus being termed sporadic CRC. Diet and environmental factors are to date considered solely responsible for the development of sporadic CRC; therefore; attention should be directed towards the discovery of preventative actions to combat the CRC initiation, promotion, and progression. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid plant secondary metabolite with a well-characterized antioxidant activity. It has been extensively reported as an anti-carcinogenic agent in the scientific literature, and the modulated targets of quercetin have been also characterized in the context of CRC, mainly in original research publications. In this fairly comprehensive review, we summarize the molecular targets of quercetin reported to date in in vivo and in vitro CRC models, while also giving background information about the signal transduction pathways that it up- and downregulates. Among the most relevant modulated pathways, the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, MAPK/Erk, JNK, or p38, p53, and NF-κB have been described. With this work, we hope to encourage further quests in the elucidation of quercetin anti-carcinogenic activity as single agent, as dietary component, or as pharmaconutrient delivered in the form of plant extracts.
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Parsa FG, Nobili S, Karimpour M, Aghdaei HA, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Mini E. Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Colorectal Cancer: A Novel Opportunity for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030396. [PMID: 35330396 PMCID: PMC8950345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and has the second highest mortality rate globally. Thanks to the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, several novel candidate genes have been proposed for CRC susceptibility. Germline biallelic mutations in one or more of the 22 currently recognized Fanconi anemia (FA) genes have been associated with Fanconi anemia disease, while germline monoallelic mutations, somatic mutations, or the promoter hypermethylation of some FANC genes increases the risk of cancer development, including CRC. The FA pathway is a substantial part of the DNA damage response system that participates in the repair of DNA inter-strand crosslinks through homologous recombination (HR) and protects genome stability via replication fork stabilization, respectively. Recent studies revealed associations between FA gene/protein tumor expression levels (i.e., FANC genes) and CRC progression and drug resistance. Moreover, the FA pathway represents a potential target in the CRC treatment. In fact, FANC gene characteristics may contribute to chemosensitize tumor cells to DNA crosslinking agents such as oxaliplatin and cisplatin besides exploiting the synthetic lethal approach for selective targeting of tumor cells. Hence, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the function of the FA pathway in DNA repair and genomic integrity with a focus on the FANC genes as potential predisposition factors to CRC. We then introduce recent literature that highlights the importance of FANC genes in CRC as promising prognostic and predictive biomarkers for disease management and treatment. Finally, we represent a brief overview of the current knowledge around the FANC genes as synthetic lethal therapeutic targets for precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghorbani Parsa
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran; (F.G.P.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mina Karimpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran;
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran; (F.G.P.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran
- Correspondence: (E.N.-M.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.N.-M.); (E.M.)
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Sougiannis AT, VanderVeen B, Chatzistamou I, Kubinak JL, Nagarkatti M, Fan D, Murphy EA. Emodin reduces tumor burden by diminishing M2-like macrophages in colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G383-G395. [PMID: 35018819 PMCID: PMC8897011 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00303.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Emodin, a natural anthraquinone, has been shown to have antitumorigenic properties and may be an effective therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its clinical development has been hampered by a poor understanding of its mechanism of action. The purpose of this study was to 1) evaluate the efficacy of emodin in mouse models of intestinal/colorectal cancer and 2) to examine the impact of emodin on macrophage behavior in the context of CRC. We used a genetic model of intestinal cancer (ApcMin/+) and a chemically induced model of CRC [azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)]. Emodin was administered orally (40 or 80 mg/kg in AOM/DSS and 80 mg/kg in ApcMin/+) three times a week to observe its preventative effects. Emodin reduced polyp count and size in both rodent models (P < 0.05). We further analyzed the colon microenvironment of AOM/DSS mice and found that mice treated with emodin exhibited lower protumorigenic M2-like macrophages and a reduced ratio of M2/M1 macrophages within the colon (P < 0.05). Despite this, we did not detect any significant changes in M2-associated cytokines (IL10, IL4, and Tgfb1) nor M1-associated cytokines (IL6, TNFα, IL1β, and IFNγ) within excised polyps. However, there was a significant increase in NOS2 expression (M1 marker) in mice treated with 80 mg/kg emodin (P < 0.05). To confirm emodin's effects on macrophages, we exposed bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to C26 colon cancer cell conditioned media. Supporting our in vivo data, emodin reduced M2-like macrophages. Overall, these data support the development of emodin as a natural compound for prevention of CRC given its ability to target protumor macrophages.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study confirms that emodin is an effective primary therapy against the onset of genetic and chemically induced sporadic colorectal cancer. We established that emodin reduces the M2-like protumorigenic macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we provide evidence that emodin may be acting to antagonize the P2X7 receptor within the bone tissue and consequently decrease the activation of proinflammatory cells, which may have implications for recruitment of cells to the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Sougiannis
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina,4College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Brandon VanderVeen
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina,3AcePre, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jason L. Kubinak
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Daping Fan
- 2Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina,3AcePre, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - E. Angela Murphy
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina,3AcePre, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
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Telang N. Drug-Resistant Stem Cells: Novel Approach for Colon Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052519. [PMID: 35269660 PMCID: PMC8910557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next to breast cancer, advanced stage metastatic colon cancer represents a major cause for mortality in women. Germline or somatic mutations in tumor suppressor genes or in DNA mismatch repair genes represent risk factors for genetic predisposition of colon cancer that are also detectable in sporadic colon cancer. Conventional chemotherapy for colon cancer includes combination of 5-fluoro-uracil with oxaliplatin and irinotecan or targeted therapy with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Major limitations of these therapeutic interventions are associated with systemic toxicity, acquired tumor resistance and the emergence of drug resistant stem cells that favor initiation, progression and metastasis of therapy-resistant disease. These limitations emphasize an unmet need to identify tumor stem cell selective testable alternatives. Drug-resistant stem cell models facilitate the identification of new testable alternatives from natural phytochemicals and herbal formulations. The goal of this review is to provide an overview relevant to the current status of conventional/targeted therapy, the role of cancer stem cells and the status of testable alternatives for therapy-resistant colon cancer. Experimental models: Hyper-proliferative and tumorigenic cell lines from genetically predisposed colonic tissues of female mice represent experimental models. Chemotherapeutic agents select drug-resistant phenotypes that exhibit upregulated expressions of cellular and molecular stem cell markers. Mechanistically distinct natural phytochemicals effectively inhibit stem cell growth and downregulate the expressions of stem cell markers. CONCLUSIONS The present review discusses the status of colon cancer therapy and inherent limitations, cancer stem cell biology, potential lead compounds and their advantages over chemotherapy. The present experimental approaches will facilitate the identification of pharmacological and naturally-occurring agents as lead compounds for stem cell targeted therapy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Telang
- Cancer Prevention Research Program, Palindrome Liaisons Consultants, Montvale, NJ 07645-1559, USA
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Small-size (40 µm) Beads Loaded with Irinotecan in the Treatment of Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2022; 45:770-779. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-03039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Voskarides K. An evolutionary explanation for antibiotics’ association with increased colon cancer risk. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:214-220. [PMID: 35539898 PMCID: PMC9081870 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 10 studies have confirmed the association of antibiotic overuse with colorectal cancer. The exact cause is unknown, but most authors hypothesize that disturbance of colon microbiota is the main culprit. In this commentary, an evolutionary explanation is proposed. It is well known that antibiotics can induce antibiotic resistance in bacteria through selection of mutators—DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) strains. Mutators have an increased survival potential due to their high mutagenesis rate. Antibiotics can also cause stress in human cells. Selection of dMMR colon cells may be advantageous under this stress, mimicking selection of bacterial mutators. Concomitantly, mismatch repair deficiency is a common cause of cancer, this may explain the increased cancer risk after multiple cycles of oral antibiotics. This proposed rationale is described in detail, along with supporting evidence from the peer-reviewed literature and suggestions for testing hypothesis validity. Treatment schemes could be re-evaluated, considering toxicity and somatic selection mechanisms. Lay Summary The association of antibiotics with colon cancer is well established but of unknown cause. Under an evolutionary framework, antibiotics may select for stress-resistant cancerous cells that lack mechanisms for DNA mismatch repair (MMR). This mimics the selection of antibiotic resistant ‘mutators’—MMR-deficient micro-organisms—highly adaptive due to their increased mutagenesis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Voskarides
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Ceravolo AH, Yang JJ, Latham A, Markowitz AJ, Shia J, Mermelstein J, Calo D, Gerdes H, Ludwig E, Schattner MA, Stadler ZK, Kantor E, Du M, Mendelsohn RB. Effectiveness of a surveillance program of upper endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal cancers in Lynch syndrome patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:231-238. [PMID: 34698909 PMCID: PMC8760159 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-04053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer and is associated with an increased lifetime risk of gastric and duodenal cancers of 8-16% and 7%, respectively; therefore, we aim to describe an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) surveillance program for upper gastrointestinal (GI) precursor lesions and cancer in LS patients. METHODS Patients who either had positive genetic testing or met clinical criteria for LS who had a surveillance EGD at our institution from 1996 to 2017 were identified. Patients were included if they had at least two EGDs or an upper GI cancer detected on the first surveillance EGD. EGD and pathology reports were extracted manually. RESULTS Our cohort included 247 patients with a mean age of 47.1 years (SD 12.6) at first EGD. Patients had a mean of 3.5 EGDs (range 1-16). Mean duration of follow-up was 5.7 years. Average interval between EGDs was 2.3 years. Surveillance EGD detected precursor lesions in 8 (3.2%) patients, two (0.8%) gastric cancers and two (0.8%) duodenal cancers. Two interval cancers were diagnosed: a duodenal adenocarcinoma was detected 2 years, 8 months after prior EGD and a jejunal adenocarcinoma was detected 1 year, 9 months after prior EGD. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that surveillance EGD is a useful tool to help detect precancerous and cancerous upper GI lesions in LS patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine a program of surveillance EGDs in LS patients. More data are needed to determine the appropriate surveillance interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda H Ceravolo
- Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Janie J Yang
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Latham
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnold J Markowitz
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joe Mermelstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Delia Calo
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans Gerdes
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmy Ludwig
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark A Schattner
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zsofia K Stadler
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kantor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin B Mendelsohn
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Bronikowska J, Kłósek M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Czuba ZP. The modulating effect of methoxy-derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcones on the release of IL-8, MIF, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 by colon cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112428. [PMID: 34800781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The search for effective and minimally invasive methods of treating colon cancer is the aim of modern medicine. Chalcones and their derivatives have shown an anticancer activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of methoxy-derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcones: 2'-hydroxy-3"-methoxychalcone (TJ3), 2'-hydroxy-2"-methoxychalcone (TJ6) and 2'-hydroxy-4"-metoxychalcone (TJ7) at the concentrations of 10 µM and 25 µM on the release of IL-8, MIF, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 by colon cancer SW480 and SW620 cell lines. The cytokines and adhesion molecules were detected using the Bio-Plex Magnetic Luminex Assay and the Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. Our results showed that all tested methoxy-derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcone compounds significantly reduced ICAM-1 released by SW480 cancer cells. The tested compounds at both concentrations did not significantly affect VCAM-1 released by SW480 and SW620 cancer cell lines. All methoxy-derivatives significantly reduced the concentration of MIF in dose dependent manner on SW480 cells. The TJ3 at the concentration of 25 µM significantly decreased IL-8 secreted by SW480 and SW620 cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that tested methoxy-derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcones showed modulating effect on colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bronikowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kłósek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Zenon P Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
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Turhan VB, Ünsal A, Gök HF, Öztürk B, Öztürk D, Simsek GG, Buluş H. Predictive Value of Preoperative Neutrophil-Lymphocyte and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio in Determining the Stage of Colon Tumors. Cureus 2021; 13:e18381. [PMID: 34725625 PMCID: PMC8555626 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biomarkers such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with the colon tumor stage and prognosis. Therefore, in our study, we investigated whether these biomarkers are important in determining the colon cancer stage. Materials and methods The outcomes in 268 patients operated on with the diagnosis of colon cancer between January 2011 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship of the stage of the patients with the NLR or PLR was evaluated. In addition, according to the stage of colorectal tumors, stage I and other stages (stages II, III, and IV) were compared in terms of NLR and PLR. Groups that had lymph node (LN) metastasis were compared with those that did not. Finally, groups with and without metastasis were also compared. Results In our cohort, 144 patients (57.6%) were male, and 84 (42.4%) were female. The mean age was found to be 68.28 ±12.71 years. The patients were evaluated according to their stages: 26 patients were stage I, 78 patients were stage II, 75 patients were stage III, and 19 patients were stage IV. There was a significant difference in NLR values between the groups (p: 0.05). Also, 104 patients were LN-negative (stages I-II), and 94 patients were LN-positive (stages III-IV). When PLR was compared between the two groups, no significant difference was found between tumor stages and these values (p: 0.099). However, there was a significant difference in NLR values (p: 0.034). Conclusion Based on our findings, it has been concluded that increased PLR may not be associated with the colon cancer stage. However, the increase in NLR was found to be correlated with tumor stage and LN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Barış Turhan
- General Surgery, Health Sciences University Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Abdulkadir Ünsal
- General Surgery, Health Sciences University Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Halil Fatih Gök
- General Surgery, Health Sciences University Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Bülent Öztürk
- General Surgery, Health Sciences University Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Doğan Öztürk
- General Surgery, Health Sciences University Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Gulcin Guler Simsek
- Pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Hakan Buluş
- General Surgery, Health Sciences University Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
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Brown H, Esterházy D. Intestinal immune compartmentalization: implications of tissue specific determinants in health and disease. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1259-1270. [PMID: 34211125 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The emerging concept of tissue specific immunity has opened the gates to new inquiries into what factors drive immune cell niche adaptation and the implications on immune homeostasis, organ specific immune diseases, and therapeutic efficacy. These issues are particularly complicated at barrier sites, which are directly exposed to an ever-changing environment. In particular, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract faces even further challenges given the profound functional and structural differences along its length, raising the possibility that it may even have to be treated as multiple organs when seeking to answer these questions. In this review, we evaluate what is known about the tissue intrinsic and extrinsic factors shaping immune compartments in the intestine. We then discuss the physiological and pathological consequences of a regionally distinct immune system in a single organ, but also discuss where our insight into the role of the compartment for disease development is still very limited. Finally, we discuss the technological and therapeutic implications this compartmentalization has. While the gut is perhaps one of the most intensely studied systems, many of these aspects apply to understanding tissue specific immunity of other organs, most notably other barrier sites such as skin, lung, and the urogenital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Brown
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daria Esterházy
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Beech C, Hechtman JF. Molecular Approach to Colorectal Carcinoma: Current Evidence and Clinical Application. Surg Pathol Clin 2021; 14:429-441. [PMID: 34373094 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common cancer types in men and women, responsible for both the third highest incidence of new cancer cases and the third highest cause of cancer deaths. In the last several decades, the molecular mechanisms surrounding colorectal carcinoma's tumorigenesis have become clearer through research, providing new avenues for diagnostic testing and novel approaches to therapeutics. Laboratories are tasked with providing the most current information to help guide clinical decisions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge surrounding colorectal carcinoma tumorigenesis and highlight clinically relevant molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Beech
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaclyn F Hechtman
- Molecular and GI Pathologist, NeoGenomics Laboratories, Fort Myers, FL, USA.
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Ren J, Guo B, Sui H, Chen J, Zhang L, Lv C, Li B. The effects of aerobic exercise on the intestinal tumors and flora of the Apc Min/+ mouse. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:305-318. [PMID: 34436759 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal tumor is one of the most common tumors that seriously threaten the health of residents all over the world. Studies suggest that the imbalance of intestinal flora is associated with tumorgenesis; meanwhile, long-term regular aerobic exercise can improve the occurrence and development of tumors. However, moderate aerobic exercise affecting the development of intestinal tumors and their related flora has not been explored. Thus, the purpose of our study is to explore the effects of aerobic exercise on intestinal tumor growth and flora changes in ApcMin/+ mice, and try to answer whether there is a correlation between them after exercise intervention. METHODS In this study, 18 required ApcMin/+ mice were randomly divided into Model group (n = 6), Exercise group (n = 6), and Aspirin group (positive control, n = 6), while C57BL/6 J wild-type mice were used as the blank control group. Each group is given corresponding intervention. Weight monitoring, tumor counts, hematoxylin-eosin staining, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC), fecal sampling and grouping, and bacterial 16S rDNA gene analysis were completed after 12 weeks' intervention for each group of mice. RESULTS As a result, we were able to show significant improvements in mice' body weight changing rates (Exercise group 8.6% higher than Model control group), tumor numbers (Exercise group 4.33 ± 0.94 vs. Model control group 7.33 ± 2.49, Then put the slides into xylenewith tumor inhibition rate 40.93%), tumor pathological staging (Exercise group mainly low-grade tumorous adenomas vs. Model group mainly high-grade adenomas), and TUNEL staining (Exercise group 8.59% higher positive rate of apoptotic cells in tumors than Model group). The 16s rRNA sequencing analysis results showed that aerobic exercise could regulate the abundance of some genus (16/149, P < 0.01), and the number of intestinal tumors correlates with changes in the abundance of some bacteria in the intestinal flora (positive correlation with probiotics abundance and negative correlation with conditioned pathogens). DISCUSSION Changes in flora abundance may be one of the reasons for aerobic exercise to reduce the number of intestinal tumors, probably mediated by cell apoptosis. Future studies should focus on the potential mechanism of aerobic exercise in preventing intestinal tumorgenesis, especially the molecular mechanism through intestinal flora. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise has a preventive effect on intestinal tumors in ApcMin/+ mice, and can regulate the abundance of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ren
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - B Guo
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - H Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201803, China
| | - J Chen
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - C Lv
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - B Li
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Rahimi A, Khalil A, Faisal A, Lai KW. CT-MRI Dual Information Registration for the Diagnosis of Liver Cancer: A Pilot Study Using Point-Based Registration. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 18:61-66. [PMID: 34433403 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210825155659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of liver cancer may increase life expectancy. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play a vital role in diagnosing liver cancer. Together, both modalities offer significant individual and specific diagnosis data to physicians; however, they lack the integration of both types of information. To address this concern, a registration process has to be utilized for the purpose, as multimodal details are crucial in providing the physician with complete information. OBJECTIVE The aim was to present a model of CT-MRI registration used to diagnose liver cancer, specifically for improving the quality of the liver images and provide all the required information for earlier detection of the tumors. This method should concurrently address the issues of imaging procedures for liver cancer to fasten the detection of the tumor from both modalities. METHODS In this work, a registration scheme for fusing the CT and MRI liver images is studied. A feature point-based method with normalized cross-correlation has been utilized to aid in the diagnosis of liver cancer and provide multimodal information to physicians. Data on ten patients from an online database were obtained. For each dataset, three planar views from both modalities were interpolated and registered using feature point-based methods. The registration of algorithms was carried out by MATLAB (vR2019b, Mathworks, Natick, USA) on an Intel(R) Core (TM) i5-5200U CPU @ 2.20 GHz computer. The accuracy of the registered image is being validated qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS The results show that an accurate registration is obtained with minimal distance errors by which CT and MRI were accurately registered based on the validation of the experts. The RMSE ranges from 0.02 to 1.01 for translation, which is equivalent in magnitude to approximately 0 to 5 pixels for CT and registered image resolution. CONCLUSION The CT-MRI registration scheme can provide complementary information on liver cancer to physicians, thus improving the diagnosis and treatment planning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisyah Rahimi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. Malaysia
| | - Azira Khalil
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. Malaysia
| | - Amir Faisal
- Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, 35365. Indonesia
| | - Khin Wee Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
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Hochfelder CG, Mehta V, Kabarriti R, McGinn AP, Castellucci E, Ow TJ. Survival analysis of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer comparing patients who received primary surgery to those who received chemoradiation: An analysis of the NCDB. Oral Oncol 2021; 121:105470. [PMID: 34418696 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to use the American College of Surgeons' National Cancer Database (NCDB) to examine the association between primary treatment and overall survival (OS) among patients with locoregionally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. METHODS 6,055 adult patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 with stage III or IV, M0, hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were identified within the NCDB. Patients who received primary chemoradiation (CRT) were compared to those that received surgery with adjuvant radiation or chemoradiation (S + Adj). OS was compared between treatment groups using Kaplan-Meier analyses, propensity score adjustment, and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The median survival was 22.7 months (IQR 11.0-49.0). The S + Adj group had a significantly higher comorbidity score, higher grade disease, and more advanced stage disease than the CRT group. S + Adj was associated with significantly improved survival when compared to CRT (p < 0.0001). A propensity score adjusting for facility type, facility location, care at multiple facilities, histology, and T stage was developed. S + Adj was associated with longer survival (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.64-0.80) when compared to CRT in a multivariable Cox regression analysis (adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, insurance status, a comorbidity index, diagnosis year, treatment delay, N stage, and the propensity score). S + Adj was associated with significantly improved survival among those with T2 disease (p = 0.02), T3 disease (p = 0.02), and T4 disease (p < 0.0001) in sensitivity analyses examining these subcohorts independently. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer reported in NCDB, treatment with S + Adj was associated with longer survival compared to those treated with primary CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Hochfelder
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Vikas Mehta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3400 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
| | - Rafi Kabarriti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
| | - Aileen P McGinn
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Enrico Castellucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
| | - Thomas J Ow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3400 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States; Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3400 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States.
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Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients with Hemorrhoids: A 10-Year Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168655. [PMID: 34444406 PMCID: PMC8394877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk of developing CRC in people with hemorrhoids. Using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we established three sets of retrospective study cohorts with and without hemorrhoids. The first set of cohorts were matched by sex and age, the second set of cohorts were matched by propensity score without including colonoscopies, and the third set of cohorts were matched by propensity score with colonoscopies, colorectal adenomas, and appendectomies included. In the second set of cohorts, 36,864 persons with hemorrhoids that were diagnosed from 2000 to 2010 and a comparison cohort, with the same size and matched by propensity score, were established and followed up to the end of 2011 to assess the incidence and Cox proportional regression-measured hazard ratio (HR) of CRC. The overall incidence rate of CRC was 2.39 times greater in the hemorrhoid cohort than it was in the comparison cohort (1.29 vs. 0.54 per 1000 person-years), with a multivariable model measured adjusted HR of 2.18 (95% CI = 1.78–2.67) after controlling for sex, age, and comorbidity. Further analysis on the CRC incidence rates among colorectal sites revealed higher incidence rates at the rectum and sigmoid than at other sites, with adjusted HRs 2.20 (95% CI = 1.48–3.28) and 1.79 (95% CI = 1.06–3.02), respectively. The overall incidence rates of both cohorts were similar in the first and second sets of cohorts, whereas the rate was lower in the third set of hemorrhoid cohorts than in the respective comparison cohorts, probably because of overmatching. Our findings suggest that patients with hemorrhoids were at an elevated risk of developing CRC. Colonoscopy may be strongly suggested for identifying CRC among those with hemorrhoids, especially if they have received a positive fecal occult blood test result.
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Skopinska-Wisniewska J, De la Flor S, Kozlowska J. From Supramolecular Hydrogels to Multifunctional Carriers for Biologically Active Substances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7402. [PMID: 34299020 PMCID: PMC8307912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels are 3D, elastic, water-swelled materials that are held together by reversible, non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, ionic, host-guest interactions, and metal-ligand coordination. These interactions determine the hydrogels' unique properties: mechanical strength; stretchability; injectability; ability to self-heal; shear-thinning; and sensitivity to stimuli, e.g., pH, temperature, the presence of ions, and other chemical substances. For this reason, supramolecular hydrogels have attracted considerable attention as carriers for active substance delivery systems. In this paper, we focused on the various types of non-covalent interactions. The hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, ionic, coordination, and host-guest interactions between hydrogel components have been described. We also provided an overview of the recent studies on supramolecular hydrogel applications, such as cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory gels, antimicrobial activity, controlled gene drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Justyna Kozlowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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Telang N. Isolation and Characterization of Chemo-Resistant Stem Cells from a Mouse Model of Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 14:19-25. [PMID: 34234468 PMCID: PMC8254583 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s312929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Loss of function mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes is the primary genetic defects in high-risk hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). Cytotoxic chemotherapy and anti-inflammatory drugs are potential treatment options. These treatment options lead to systemic toxicity, acquired tumor resistance and the emergence of drug-resistant stem cells. A colonic epithelial cell culture model expressing the relevant genetic defects in chemo-resistant stem cells provides a relevant experimental system for HNPCC. Objective To develop a colonic epithelial cell culture system from a mouse model for HNPCC and to isolate and characterize drug-resistant stem cells. Experimental Models and Biomarkers The Mlh1[-/-]/Apc [-/-] Mlh1/1638N COL-Cl1 cells is a mouse model for HNPCC, and the 5-fluoro-uracil resistant (5-FU-R) phenotype represents a model for the drug-resistant stem cells. Tumor spheroid formation, and the expression of CD44, CD133 and c-Myc represent stem cell markers. Results The HNPCC model exhibits aneuploidy, hyper-proliferation, accelerated cell cycle progression and downregulated cellular apoptosis. Long-term exposure to 5-FU selects for the drug-resistant phenotype. These resistant cells exhibit increased formation of tumor spheroids and upregulated expression of cancer stem cell markers CD44, CD133 and c-Myc. Conclusion In the present study, a stem cell model for HNPCC was validated and offered a novel experimental approach to test stem cell-targeted alternatives to drug-resistant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Telang
- Cancer Prevention Research Program, Palindrome Liaisons Consultants, Montvale, NJ 07645-1559, USA
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Riddle MR, Aspiras A, Damen F, McGaugh S, Tabin JA, Tabin CJ. Genetic mapping of metabolic traits in the blind Mexican cavefish reveals sex-dependent quantitative trait loci associated with cave adaptation. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:94. [PMID: 34020589 PMCID: PMC8139031 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a longstanding interest in understanding how animals adapt to environments with limited nutrients, we have incomplete knowledge of the genetic basis of metabolic evolution. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, is a species of fish that consists of two morphotypes; eyeless cavefish that have adapted to a low-nutrient cave environment, and ancestral river-dwelling surface fish with abundant access to nutrients. Cavefish have evolved altered blood sugar regulation, starvation tolerance, increased fat accumulation, and superior body condition. To investigate the genetic basis of cavefish metabolic evolution we carried out a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis in surface/cave F2 hybrids. We genetically mapped seven metabolism-associated traits in hybrids that were challenged with a nutrient restricted diet. RESULTS We found that female F2 hybrids are bigger than males and have a longer hindgut, bigger liver, and heavier gonad, even after correcting for fish size. Although there is no difference between male and female blood sugar level, we found that high blood sugar is associated with weight gain in females and lower body weight and fat level in males. We identified a significant QTL associated with 24-h-fasting blood glucose level with the same effect in males and females. Differently, we identified sex-independent and sex-dependent QTL associated with fish length, body condition, liver size, hindgut length, and gonad weight. We found that some of the genes within the metabolism QTL display evidence of non-neutral evolution and are likely to be under selection. Furthermore, we report predicted nonsynonymous changes to the cavefish coding sequence of these genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals previously unappreciated genomic regions associated with blood glucose regulation, body condition, gonad size, and internal organ morphology. In addition, we find an interaction between sex and metabolism-related traits in A. mexicanus. We reveal coding changes in genes that are likely under selection in the low-nutrient cave environment, leading to a better understanding of the genetic basis of metabolic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty R Riddle
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Ariel Aspiras
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Fleur Damen
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Suzanne McGaugh
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Julius A Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Lv Y, Wang X, Ren Y, Fu X, Li T, Jiang Q. Construction of an immune-related signature with prognostic value for colon cancer. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10812. [PMID: 33996273 PMCID: PMC8106397 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is the third most common malignant tumor in the world. Although immunotherapy has been used in cancer treatment, there is still no first-line immunotherapy method for colon cancer. Therefore, it is essential to search for potential immunotherapy targets and molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS In this study, we downloaded transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and immune-related genes from the ImmPort database. Then we filtered genes with prognostic value and constructed an immune-related signature. Patients were classified into low- and high-risk groups, and we exerted a series of analysis between the signature and clinical phenotypes. Additionally, we used protein-protein interaction networks, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to explore the underlying mechanism of this signature. Furthermore, the accuracy of this signature was verified, using two data sets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). RESULTS We selected 12 immune-related genes to construct the immune-related signature. Low-risk group had a higher level of immunity compared to high-risk group. The expression level of HLA genes and checkpoint-related genes were statistically different in low- and high-risk groups. This signature showed its prognostic value in TCGA cohort and 2 GEO data sets. The signature also had strong correlation with TNM classification, stage, survival state and lymphatic invasion. The mechanism of the signature may be related to several transcription factors and CD8+ T cell in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this immune-related signature is of great prognosis value for colon cancer and its biofunction might be correlated with HLA genes, checkpoint-related genes and high-infiltrating T cells in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Lv
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Queen Mary College, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaorui Fu
- Queen Mary College, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Taiyuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qunguang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang S, Li X, Zhu L, Ming S, Wang H, Xie J, Ren L, Huang J, Liang D, Xiong L, Wang Y, Zhang D, Gong S, Wu Y, Geng L. CD163 + macrophages suppress T cell response by producing TGF-β in pediatric colorectal polyps. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107644. [PMID: 33878617 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The local immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma. Patients with colorectal polyps are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, the immunoregulation of early-stage colorectal polyps remain unknown. In the study, 202 biopsy samples from 80 pediatric patients with colorectal polyps and from 42 normal controls were collected. We found that the number of CD4+, CD8+T cells and CD19+B cells were reduced, whereas CD68+macrophages (Mϕ) were increased in colorectal polyps compared to the distal normal tissue from the same patients and the tissue from healthy donors. The frequency of Mϕwas negatively correlated with the number of CD4+ and CD8+T cells but not CD19+B cells in colorectal polyps. We further identified that CD163 was highly expressed on Mϕϕ from colorectal polyps compared to those from normal controls. Furthermore, real-time PCR revealed that TGF-β, but not IL-10 and IL-4, was increased in colorectal polyps. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry showed that TGF-β was predominantly produced by CD163+Mϕ. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the supernatant from cultured polyps induced CD163 expression and TGF-β production in blood-derived Mϕ. A co-culture experiment revealed that purified Mϕ from colorectal polyps suppressed T cell proliferation. Based on these results, we hypothesized that abundant CD163+Mϕ may promote the progression of colorectal polyps by inhibiting the local T cell response through TGF-β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Siqi Ming
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Defeng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Liya Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; Center for Infection and Immunity, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
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Chang CL, Huang CR, Chang SJ, Wu CC, Chen HH, Luo CW, Yip HK. CHD4 as an important mediator in regulating the malignant behaviors of colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1660-1670. [PMID: 33994851 PMCID: PMC8120460 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has ranked first in terms of incidence in Taiwan. Surgical resection combined with chemo-, radio-, or targeted-therapies are the main treatments for CRC patients in current clinical practice. However, many CRC patients still respond poorly to these treatments, leading to tumor recurrence and an unacceptably high incidence of metastasis and death. Therefore, appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and drug selection are pressing issues in clinical practice. The Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex is an important epigenetic regulator of chromatin structure and gene expression. An important component of this complex is chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), which is involved in DNA repair after injury. Recent studies have indicated that CHD4 has oncogenic functions that inhibit multiple tumor suppressor genes through epigenetic regulation. However, the role of CHD4 in CRC has not yet been well investigated. In this study, we compared CHD4 expression in CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We found higher levels of CHD4 expression in CRC patients. In a series of in vitro experiments, we found that CHD4 affected cell motility and drug sensitivity in CRC cells. In animal models, the depletion of CHD4 affected CRC tumor growth, and the combination of a histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) inhibitor and platinum drugs inhibited CHD4 expression and increased the cytotoxicity of platinum drugs. Moreover, CHD4 expression was also a prognostic biomarker in CRC patients. Based on the above results, we believe that CHD4 expression is a viable biomarker for predicting metastasis CRC patients, and it has the potential to become a target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lo Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ruei Huang
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Hwa Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Fidelle M, Yonekura S, Picard M, Cogdill A, Hollebecque A, Roberti MP, Zitvogel L. Resolving the Paradox of Colon Cancer Through the Integration of Genetics, Immunology, and the Microbiota. Front Immunol 2020; 11:600886. [PMID: 33381121 PMCID: PMC7768083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While colorectal cancers (CRC) are paradigmatic tumors invaded by effector memory lymphocytes, the mechanisms accounting for the relative resistance of MSI negative CRC to immunogenic cell death mediated by oxaliplatin and immune checkpoint inhibitors has remained an open conundrum. Here, we propose the viewpoint where its microenvironmental contexture could be explained -at least in part- by macroenvironmental cues constituted by the complex interplay between the epithelial barrier, its microbial ecosystem, and the local immune system. Taken together this dynamic ménage-à-trois offers novel coordinated actors of the humoral and cellular immune responses actionable to restore sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibition. Solving this paradox involves breaking tolerance to crypt stem cells by inducing the immunogenic apoptosis of ileal cells in the context of an ileal microbiome shifted towards immunogenic bacteria using cytotoxicants. This manoeuver results in the elicitation of a productive Tfh and B cell dialogue in mesenteric lymph nodes culminating in tumor-specific memory CD8+ T cell responses sparing the normal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Fidelle
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Satoru Yonekura
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marion Picard
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unit Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexandria Cogdill
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Paula Roberti
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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