1
|
Villoch-Fernandez J, Martínez-García N, Martín-López M, Maeso-Alonso L, López-Ferreras L, Vazquez-Jimenez A, Muñoz-Hidalgo L, Garcia-Romero N, Sanchez JM, Fernandez A, Ayuso-Sacido A, Marques MM, Marin MC. A novel TAp73-inhibitory compound counteracts stemness features of glioblastoma stem cells. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39090849 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and fatal type of primary malignant brain tumor for which effective therapeutics are still lacking. GB stem cells, with tumor-initiating and self-renewal capacity, are mostly responsible for GB malignancy, representing a crucial target for therapies. The TP73 gene, which is highly expressed in GB, gives rise to the TAp73 isoform, a pleiotropic protein that regulates neural stem cell biology; however, its role in cancer has been highly controversial. We inactivated TP73 in human GB stem cells and revealed that TAp73 is required for their stemness potential, acting as a regulator of the transcriptional stemness signatures, highlighting TAp73 as a possible therapeutic target. As proof of concept, we identified a novel natural compound with TAp73-inhibitory capacity, which was highly effective against GB stem cells. The treatment reduced GB stem cell-invasion capacity and stem features, at least in part by TAp73 repression. Our data are consistent with a novel paradigm in which hijacking of p73-regulated neurodevelopmental programs, including neural stemness, might sustain tumor progression, pointing out TAp73 as a therapeutic strategy for GB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Martínez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Spain
| | | | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Spain
| | | | - Lisandra Muñoz-Hidalgo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemí Garcia-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal y Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Kok CYL, Wang C, Ray D, Osterburg S, Dötsch V, Ghosh S, Sabapathy K. Dichotomous transactivation domains contribute to growth inhibitory and promotion functions of TAp73. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318591121. [PMID: 38739802 PMCID: PMC11127001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318591121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p73, a member of the p53 tumor-suppressor family, regulates cell death and also supports tumorigenesis, although the mechanistic basis for the dichotomous functions is poorly understood. We report here the identification of an alternate transactivation domain (TAD) located at the extreme carboxyl (C) terminus of TAp73β, a commonly expressed p73 isoform. Mutational disruption of this TAD significantly reduced TAp73β's transactivation activity, to a level observed when the amino (N)-TAD that is similar to p53's TAD, is mutated. Mutation of both TADs almost completely abolished TAp73β's transactivation activity. Expression profiling highlighted a unique set of targets involved in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion regulated by the C-TAD, resulting in FAK phosphorylation, distinct from the N-TAD targets that are common to p53 and are involved in growth inhibition. Interestingly, the C-TAD targets are also regulated by the oncogenic, amino-terminal-deficient DNp73β isoform. Consistently, mutation of C-TAD reduces cellular migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, selective binding of TAp73β to DNAJA1 is required for the transactivation of C-TAD target genes, and silencing DNAJA1 expression abrogated all C-TAD-mediated effects. Taken together, our results provide a mechanistic basis for the dichotomous functions of TAp73 in the regulation of cellular growth through its distinct TADs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore168583, Singapore
| | - Catherine Yen Li Kok
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore168583, Singapore
| | - Chao Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore168583, Singapore
| | - Debleena Ray
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore169857, Singapore
| | - Susanne Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes (CEF), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main60438, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes (CEF), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main60438, Germany
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Centre for Computational Biology & Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore169857, Singapore
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore168583, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637551, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ungefroren H, Reimann J, Konukiewitz B, Braun R, Wellner UF, Lehnert H, Marquardt JU. RAC1b Collaborates with TAp73α-SMAD4 Signaling to Induce Biglycan Expression and Inhibit Basal and TGF-β-Driven Cell Motility in Human Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:199. [PMID: 38255305 PMCID: PMC10813112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer type characterized by a marked desmoplastic tumor stroma that is formed under the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Data from mouse models of pancreatic cancer have revealed that transcriptionally active p73 (TAp73) impacts the TGF-β pathway through activation of Smad4 and secretion of biglycan (Bgn). However, whether this pathway also functions in human PDAC cells has not yet been studied. Here, we show that RNA interference-mediated silencing of TAp73 in PANC-1 cells strongly reduced the stimulatory effect of TGF-β1 on BGN. TAp73-mediated regulation of BGN, and inhibition of TGF-β signaling through a (Smad-independent) ERK pathway, are reminiscent of what we previously observed for the small GTPase, RAC1b, prompting us to hypothesize that in human PDAC cells TAp73 and RAC1b are part of the same tumor-suppressive pathway. Like TAp73, RAC1b induced SMAD4 protein and mRNA expression. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of RAC1b reduced TAp73 mRNA levels, while ectopic expression of RAC1b increased them. Inhibition of BGN synthesis or depletion of secreted BGN from the culture medium reproduced the promigratory effect of RAC1b or TAp73 silencing and was associated with increased basal and TGF-β1-dependent ERK activation. BGN also phenocopied the effects of RAC1b or TAp73 on the expression of downstream effectors, like the EMT markers E-cadherin, Vimentin and SNAIL, as well as on negative regulation of the ALK2-SMAD1/5 arm of TGF-β signaling. Collectively, we showed that tumor-suppressive TAp73-Smad4-Bgn signaling also operates in human cells and that RAC1b likely acts as an upstream activator of this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julissa Reimann
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Björn Konukiewitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Braun
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich F. Wellner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Jens-Uwe Marquardt
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Toyoda K, Yasunaga JI, Shichijo T, Arima Y, Tsujita K, Tanaka A, Salah T, Zhang W, Hussein O, Sonoda M, Watanabe M, Kurita D, Nakashima K, Yamada K, Miyoshi H, Ohshima K, Matsuoka M. HTLV-1 bZIP Factor-Induced Reprogramming of Lactate Metabolism and Epigenetic Status Promote Leukemic Cell Expansion. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:374-393. [PMID: 37162520 PMCID: PMC10473166 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acceleration of glycolysis is a common trait of cancer. A key metabolite, lactate, is typically secreted from cancer cells because its accumulation is toxic. Here, we report that a viral oncogene, HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), bimodally upregulates TAp73 to promote lactate excretion from adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) cells. HBZ protein binds to EZH2 and reduces its occupancy of the TAp73 promoter. Meanwhile, HBZ RNA activates TAp73 transcription via the BATF3-IRF4 machinery. TAp73 upregulates the lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4. Inactivation of TAp73 leads to intracellular accumulation of lactate, inducing cell death in ATL cells. Furthermore, TAp73 knockout diminishes the development of inflammation in HBZ-transgenic mice. An MCT1/4 inhibitor, syrosingopine, decreases the growth of ATL cells in vitro and in vivo. MCT1/4 expression is positively correlated with TAp73 in many cancers, and MCT1/4 upregulation is associated with dismal prognosis. Activation of the TAp73-MCT1/4 pathway could be a common mechanism contributing to cancer metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE An antisense gene encoded in HTLV-1, HBZ, reprograms lactate metabolism and epigenetic modification by inducing TAp73 in virus-positive leukemic cells. A positive correlation between TAp73 and its target genes is also observed in many other cancer cells, suggesting that this is a common mechanism for cellular oncogenesis. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 337.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Toyoda
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun-ichirou Yasunaga
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shichijo
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Azusa Tanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tarig Salah
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Osama Hussein
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miyu Sonoda
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miho Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurita
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nakashima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong X, Yan W, Sun W, Zhang Y, Yang HJ, Chen M, Chen H, de Vere White RW, Zhang J, Chen X. Isoform-specific disruption of the TP73 gene reveals a critical role for TAp73γ in tumorigenesis via leptin. eLife 2023; 12:e82115. [PMID: 37650871 PMCID: PMC10471163 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TP73, a member of the p53 family, is expressed as TAp73 and ΔNp73 along with multiple C-terminal isoforms (α-η). ΔNp73 is primarily expressed in neuronal cells and necessary for neuronal development. Interestingly, while TAp73α is a tumor suppressor and predominantly expressed in normal cells, TAp73 is found to be frequently altered in human cancers, suggesting a role of TAp73 C-terminal isoforms in tumorigenesis. To test this, the TCGA SpliceSeq database was searched and showed that exon 11 (E11) exclusion occurs frequently in several human cancers. We also found that p73α to p73γ isoform switch resulting from E11 skipping occurs frequently in human prostate cancers and dog lymphomas. To determine whether p73α to p73γ isoform switch plays a role in tumorigenesis, CRISPR technology was used to generate multiple cancer cell lines and a mouse model in that Trp73 E11 is deleted. Surprisingly, we found that in E11-deificient cells, p73γ becomes the predominant isoform and exerts oncogenic activities by promoting cell proliferation and migration. In line with this, E11-deficient mice were more prone to obesity and B-cell lymphomas, indicating a unique role of p73γ in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. Additionally, we found that E11-deficient mice phenocopies Trp73-deficient mice with short lifespan, infertility, and chronic inflammation. Mechanistically, we showed that Leptin, a pleiotropic adipocytokine involved in energy metabolism and oncogenesis, was highly induced by p73γ,necessary for p73γ-mediated oncogenic activity, and associated with p73α to γ isoform switch in human prostate cancer and dog lymphoma. Finally, we showed that E11-knockout promoted, whereas knockdown of p73γ or Leptin suppressed, xenograft growth in mice. Our study indicates that the p73γ-Leptin pathway promotes tumorigenesis and alters lipid metabolism, which may be targeted for cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmudong Kong
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Wensheng Yan
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Hee Jung Yang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Ralph W de Vere White
- Department of Urology Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ungefroren H, Konukiewitz B, Braun R, Wellner UF, Lehnert H, Marquardt JU. TAp73 Inhibits EMT and Cell Migration in Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Promoting SMAD4 Expression and SMAD4-Dependent Inhibition of ERK Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3791. [PMID: 37568607 PMCID: PMC10417771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease due to early metastatic spread, late diagnosis and the lack of efficient therapies. A major driver of cancer progression and hurdle to successful treatment is transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Recent data from pancreatic cancer mouse models showed that transcriptionally active p73 (TAp73), a p53 family member, inhibits tumor progression through promoting tumor suppressive canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling, while preventing non-canonical TGF-β signaling through extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2. Here, we studied whether this mechanism also operates in human PDAC. Using the PDAC-derived tumor cell lines PANC-1, HPAFII and L3.6pl, we showed that TAp73 induces the expression of the epithelial marker and invasion suppressor E-cadherin and the common-mediator Smad, SMAD4, while at the same time suppressing expression of the EMT master regulator SNAIL and basal and TGF-β1-induced activation of ERK1 and ERK2. Using dominant-negative and RNA interference-based inhibition of SMAD4 function, we went on to show that inhibition of ERK activation by TAp73 is mediated through SMAD4. Intriguingly, both SMAD4 and the α isoform of TAp73-but not the β isoform-interfered with cell migration, as shown by xCELLigence technology. Our findings highlighted the role of TAp73-SMAD4 signaling in tumor suppression of human PDAC and identified direct inhibition of basal and TGF-β-stimulated pro-invasive ERK activation as an underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (R.B.); (U.F.W.)
| | - Björn Konukiewitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Rüdiger Braun
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (R.B.); (U.F.W.)
| | - Ulrich Friedrich Wellner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (R.B.); (U.F.W.)
| | | | - Jens-Uwe Marquardt
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hur SK, Somerville TD, Wu XS, Maia-Silva D, Demerdash OE, Tuveson DA, Notta F, Vakoc CR. p73 activates transcriptional signatures of basal lineage identity and ciliogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537667. [PMID: 37131797 PMCID: PMC10153254 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), tumor cells are known to acquire transcriptional and morphological properties of the basal (also known as squamous) epithelial lineage, which leads to more aggressive disease characteristics. Here, we show that a subset of basal-like PDAC tumors aberrantly express p73 (TA isoform), which is a known transcriptional activator of basal lineage identity, ciliogenesis, and tumor suppression in normal tissue development. Using gain- and loss- of function experiments, we show that p73 is necessary and sufficient to activate genes related to basal identity (e.g. KRT5), ciliogenesis (e.g. FOXJ1), and p53-like tumor suppression (e.g. CDKN1A) in human PDAC models. Owing to the paradoxical combination of oncogenic and tumor suppressive outputs of this transcription factor, we propose that PDAC cells express a low level of p73 that is optimal for promoting lineage plasticity without severe impairment of cell proliferation. Collectively, our study reinforces how PDAC cells exploit master regulators of the basal epithelial lineage during disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella K. Hur
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, U.S.A
| | | | - Xiaoli S. Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, U.S.A
| | - Diogo Maia-Silva
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, U.S.A
| | | | - David A. Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, U.S.A
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang J, Sun W, Yan W, Kong X, Shen T, Laubach K, Chen M, Chen X. TP73 Isoform-specific disruption reveals a critical role of TAp73beta in growth suppression and inflammatory response. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 36631448 PMCID: PMC9834251 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TP73 is expressed as multiple N- and C-terminal isoforms through two separate promoters or alternative splicing. While N-terminal p73 isoforms have been well studied, very little is known about p73 C-terminal isoforms. Thus, CRISPR was used to delete TP73 Exon13 (E13-KO) to induce p73α to p73β isoform switch. We showed that E13-KO led to decreased cell proliferation and migration and sensitized cells to ferroptosis, which can be reverted by knockdown of TAp73β in E13-KO cells. To understand the biological function of p73β in vivo, we generated a mouse model in that the Trp73 E13 was deleted by CRISPR. We showed that p73α to p73β isoform switch led to increased cellular senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We also showed that E13-deficient mice exhibited shorter life span and were prone to spontaneous tumors, chronic inflammation and liver steatosis as compared to WT mice. Additionally, we found that the incidence of chronic inflammation and liver steatosis was higher in E13-deficient mice than that in Trp73-deficient mice, suggesting that p73β is a strong inducer of inflammatory response. Mechanistically, we showed that TAp73β was able to induce cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO-1), leading to cysteine depletion and subsequently, enhanced ferroptosis and growth suppression. Conversely, knockdown of CDO-1 was able to alleviate the growth suppression and ferroptosis in E13-KO cells. Together, our data suggest that at a physiologically relevant level, TAp73β is a strong inducer of growth suppression but insufficient to compensate for loss of TAp73α in tumor suppression due to aberrant induction of inflammatory response and liver steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA.
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA
- Berkeley Regional Lab, Pathology/Lab-Histology Department, The Permanente Medical group, Berkeley, CA, 94085, USA
| | - Xiangmudong Kong
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA
| | - Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Califronia, Davis, USA
| | - Kyra Laubach
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaur S, Kurokawa M. Regulation of Oocyte Apoptosis: A View from Gene Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021345. [PMID: 36674865 PMCID: PMC9861590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis and development, including in the ovarian reserve. In humans, hundreds of thousands of oocytes are produced in the fetal ovary. However, the majority die by apoptosis before birth. After puberty, primordial follicles develop into mature follicles. While only a large dominant follicle is selected to ovulate, smaller ones undergo apoptosis. Despite numerous studies, the mechanism of oocyte death at the molecular level remains elusive. Over the last two and a half decades, many knockout mouse models disrupting key genes in the apoptosis pathway have been generated. In this review, we highlight some of the phenotypes and discuss distinct and overlapping roles of the apoptosis regulators in oocyte death and survival. We also review how the transcription factor p63 and its family members may trigger oocyte apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Deciphering the Role of p53 and TAp73 in Neuroblastoma: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246212. [PMID: 36551697 PMCID: PMC9777536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonic cancer that develops from neural crest stem cells, being one of the most common malignancies in children. The clinical manifestation of this disease is highly variable, ranging from spontaneous regression to increased aggressiveness, which makes it a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric oncology. The p53 family proteins p53 and TAp73 play a key role in protecting cells against genomic instability and malignant transformation. However, in NB, their activities are commonly inhibited by interacting proteins such as murine double minute (MDM)2 and MDMX, mutant p53, ΔNp73, Itch, and Aurora kinase A. The interplay between the p53/TAp73 pathway and N-MYC, a known biomarker of poor prognosis and drug resistance in NB, also proves to be decisive in the pathogenesis of this tumor. More recently, a strong crosstalk between microRNAs (miRNAs) and p53/TAp73 has been established, which has been the focused of great attention because of its potential for developing new therapeutic strategies. Collectively, this review provides an updated overview about the critical role of the p53/TAp73 pathway in the pathogenesis of NB, highlighting encouraging clues for the advance of alternative NB targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Logotheti S, Pavlopoulou A, Marquardt S, Takan I, Georgakilas AG, Stiewe T. p73 isoforms meet evolution of metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:853-869. [PMID: 35948758 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer largely adheres to Darwinian selection. Evolutionary forces are prominent during metastasis, the final and incurable disease stage, where cells acquire combinations of advantageous phenotypic features and interact with a dynamically changing microenvironment, in order to overcome the metastatic bottlenecks, while therapy exerts additional selective pressures. As a strategy to increase their fitness, tumors often co-opt developmental and tissue-homeostasis programs. Herein, 25 years after its discovery, we review TP73, a sibling of the cardinal tumor-suppressor TP53, through the lens of cancer evolution. The TP73 gene regulates a wide range of processes in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and cancer via an overwhelming number of functionally divergent isoforms. We suggest that TP73 neither merely mimics TP53 via its p53-like tumor-suppressive functions, nor has black-or-white-type effects, as inferred by the antagonism between several of its isoforms in processes like apoptosis and DNA damage response. Rather, under dynamic conditions of selective pressure, the various p73 isoforms which are often co-expressed within the same cancer cells may work towards a common goal by simultaneously activating isoform-specific transcriptional and non-transcriptional programs. Combinatorial co-option of these programs offers selective advantages that overall increase the likelihood for successfully surpassing the barriers of the metastatic cascade. The p73 functional pleiotropy-based capabilities might be present in subclonal populations and expressed dynamically under changing microenvironmental conditions, thereby supporting clonal expansion and propelling evolution of metastasis. Deciphering the critical p73 isoform patterns along the spatiotemporal axes of tumor evolution could identify strategies to target TP73 for prevention and therapy of cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Logotheti
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece.
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stephan Marquardt
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Health Care Systems, Medical School Berlin, Hochschule Für Gesundheit Und Medizin, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Lung Health, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maeso-Alonso L, Alonso-Olivares H, Martínez-García N, López-Ferreras L, Villoch-Fernández J, Puente-Santamaría L, Colas-Algora N, Fernández-Corona A, Lorenzo-Marcos ME, Jiménez B, Holmgren L, Wilhelm M, Millan J, Del Peso L, Claesson-Welsh L, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 is required for vessel integrity controlling endothelial junctional dynamics through Angiomotin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:535. [PMID: 36180740 PMCID: PMC9525397 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of blood vessel integrity, which is critical for normal physiology and organ function, is controlled at multiple levels, including endothelial junctions. However, the mechanism that controls the adequate assembly of endothelial cell junctions is not fully defined. Here, we uncover TAp73 transcription factor as a vascular architect that orchestrates transcriptional programs involved in cell junction establishment and developmental blood vessel morphogenesis and identify Angiomotin (AMOT) as a TAp73 direct transcriptional target. Knockdown of p73 in endothelial cells not only results in decreased Angiomotin expression and localization at intercellular junctions, but also affects its downstream function regarding Yes-associated protein (YAP) cytoplasmic sequestration upon cell–cell contact. Analysis of adherens junctional morphology after p73-knockdown in human endothelial cells revealed striking alterations, particularly a sharp increase in serrated junctions and actin bundles appearing as stress fibers, both features associated with enhanced barrier permeability. In turn, stabilization of Angiomotin levels rescued those junctional defects, confirming that TAp73 controls endothelial junction dynamics, at least in part, through the regulation of Angiomotin. The observed defects in monolayer integrity were linked to hyperpermeability and reduced transendothelial electric resistance. Moreover, p73-knockout retinas showed a defective sprout morphology coupled with hemorrhages, highlighting the physiological relevance of p73 regulation in the maintenance of vessel integrity in vivo. We propose a new model in which TAp73 acts as a vascular architect integrating transcriptional programs that will impinge with Angiomotin/YAP signaling to maintain junctional dynamics and integrity, while balancing endothelial cell rearrangements in angiogenic vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Hugo Alonso-Olivares
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Nicole Martínez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Javier Villoch-Fernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Laura Puente-Santamaría
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Benilde Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IdiPaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaime Millan
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Del Peso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IdiPaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, y Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
p53 Controls Meiotic Prophase Progression and Crossover Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179818. [PMID: 36077210 PMCID: PMC9456223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis initiates with the formation of double strand breaks (DSBs) throughout the genome. To avoid genomic instability, these DSBs need to be correctly repaired by homologous recombination. Surveillance mechanisms involving the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway ATM-CHK2-p53 can detect the persistence of unrepaired DBSs and activate the recombination-dependent arrest at the pachytene stage. However, a complete understanding of p53 functions under normal physiological conditions remains lacking. Here, we report a detailed analysis of the p53 role during meiotic prophase in mice spermatocytes. We show that the absence of p53 regulates prophase progression by slowing down the pachytene stage when the recombination-dependent arrest occurs. Furthermore, our results show that p53 is necessary for proper crossover (CO) formation and localization. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of p53 roles during the meiotic prophase.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rabow Z, Laubach K, Kong X, Shen T, Mohibi S, Zhang J, Fiehn O, Chen X. p73α1, an Isoform of the p73 Tumor Suppressor, Modulates Lipid Metabolism and Cancer Cell Growth via Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1. Cells 2022; 11:2516. [PMID: 36010592 PMCID: PMC9406568 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. p73, a p53 family member, regulates cellular processes and is expressed as multiple isoforms. However, the role of p73 in regulating lipid metabolism is not well-characterized. Previously, we found that loss of p73 exon 12 (E12) leads to an isoform switch from p73α to p73α1, the latter of which has strong tumor suppressive activity. In this study, comprehensive untargeted metabolomics was performed to determine whether p73α1 alters lipid metabolism in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. RNA-seq and molecular biology approaches were combined to identify lipid metabolism genes altered upon loss of E12 and identify a direct target of p73α1. We found that loss of E12 leads to decreased levels of phosphatidylcholines, and this was due to decreased expression of genes involved in phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Additionally, we found that E12-knockout cells had increased levels of phosphatidylcholines containing saturated fatty acids (FAs) and decreased levels of phosphatidylcholines containing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). We then found that p73α1 inhibits cancer cell viability through direct transcriptional suppression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD1), which converts saturated FAs to MUFAs. Finally, we showed that p73α1-mediated suppression of SCD1 leads to increased ratios of saturated FAs to MUFAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Rabow
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyra Laubach
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiangmudong Kong
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shakur Mohibi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen Y, Dou Z, Chen X, Zhao D, Che T, Su W, Qu T, Zhang T, Xu C, Lei H, Li Q, Zhang H, Di C. Overexpression of splicing factor poly(rC)-binding protein 1 elicits cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and p73 splicing in human cervical carcinoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3475-3484. [PMID: 35896897 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Splicing factor poly(rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is a novel tumor suppressor that is downregulated in several cancers thereby regulating tumor formation and metastasis. However, the involvement of PCBP1 in apoptosis of cancer cells and the molecular mechanism remains elusive. On this basis, we sought to investigate the role of splicing factor PCBP1 in the apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells. METHODS To investigate PCBP1 functions in vitro, we overexpressed PCBP1 in human cervical cancer cells. A series of cytological function assays were employed to study to the role of PCBP1 in cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RESULTS Overexpression of PCBP1 was found to greatly repress proliferation of HeLa cells in a time-dependent manner. It also induced a significant increase in G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpressed PCBP1 favored the production of long isoforms of p73, thereby inducing upregulated ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, the release of cytochrome c and the expression of caspase-3. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that PCBP1 played a vital role in p73 splicing, cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in human cervical carcinoma cells. Targeting PCBP1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhihui Dou
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Dapeng Zhao
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Translational Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, 215153, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Genomic and Molecular Diagnosis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Wei Su
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Tao Qu
- Department of Biotherapy Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Caipeng Xu
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huiweng Lei
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China. .,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China. .,Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China. .,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China. .,Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Cuixia Di
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China. .,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China. .,Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Therapeutic Potential of the Restoration of the p53 Protein Family Members in the EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137213. [PMID: 35806218 PMCID: PMC9267050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent development of precision medicine and targeted therapies, lung cancer remains the top cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The patients diagnosed with metastatic disease have a five-year survival rate lower than 6%. In metastatic disease, EGFR is the most common driver of mutation, with the most common co-driver hitting TP53. EGFR-positive patients are offered the frontline treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, yet the development of resistance and the lack of alternative therapies make this group of patients only fit for clinical trial participation. Since mutant p53 is the most common co-driver in the metastatic setting, therapies reactivating the p53 pathway might serve as a promising alternative therapeutic approach in patients who have developed a resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review focuses on the molecular background of EGFR-mutated lung cancer and discusses novel therapeutic options converging on the reactivation of p53 tumor suppressor pathways.
Collapse
|
17
|
p73α1, a p73 C-terminal isoform, regulates tumor suppression and the inflammatory response via Notch1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123202119. [PMID: 35617425 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123202119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance p73 is expressed as multiple C-terminal isoforms, but their expression and activity are largely unknown. Here, we identified p73α1 as a p73 C-terminal isoform that results from exon 12 (E12) exclusion. We showed that E12 deficiency in mice leads to systemic inflammation but not spontaneous tumors. We also showed that Notch1 is regulated by p73α1 and plays a critical role in p73-dependent tumor suppression and systemic inflammation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Osterburg C, Dötsch V. Structural diversity of p63 and p73 isoforms. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:921-937. [PMID: 35314772 PMCID: PMC9091270 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The p53 protein family is the most studied protein family of all. Sequence analysis and structure determination have revealed a high similarity of crucial domains between p53, p63 and p73. Functional studies, however, have shown a wide variety of different tasks in tumor suppression, quality control and development. Here we review the structure and organization of the individual domains of p63 and p73, the interaction of these domains in the context of full-length proteins and discuss the evolutionary origin of this protein family.
Facts
Distinct physiological roles/functions are performed by specific isoforms.
The non-divided transactivation domain of p63 has a constitutively high activity while the transactivation domains of p53/p73 are divided into two subdomains that are regulated by phosphorylation.
Mdm2 binds to all three family members but ubiquitinates only p53.
TAp63α forms an autoinhibited dimeric state while all other vertebrate p53 family isoforms are constitutively tetrameric.
The oligomerization domain of p63 and p73 contain an additional helix that is necessary for stabilizing the tetrameric states. During evolution this helix got lost independently in different phylogenetic branches, while the DNA binding domain became destabilized and the transactivation domain split into two subdomains.
Open questions
Is the autoinhibitory mechanism of mammalian TAp63α conserved in p53 proteins of invertebrates that have the same function of genomic quality control in germ cells?
What is the physiological function of the p63/p73 SAM domains?
Do the short isoforms of p63 and p73 have physiological functions?
What are the roles of the N-terminal elongated TAp63 isoforms, TA* and GTA?
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate whether HRG gene C633T rs9898 and TP73 gene rs4648551 A > G polymorphisms have an effect on ovulation and response to the gonadotropin treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were received from a total of 206 individuals (116 patients from whom good quality and optimal of numbers oocytes have not been able to be obtained at the IVF Center of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine and 90 controls). Genomic DNA was extracted by DNA isolation and SNP genotyping was performed by real-time qPCR method. RESULTS According to the results, a significant difference was observed between the patient and control groups in terms of the TP73 gene variant, however there was no significant difference regarding HRG gene polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that while AG genotype for TP73 could be a genetic marker for ovarian response, HRG gene C633T variation is not associated with ovarian response in our cohort. Further studies with larger study groups are required to investigate possible associations of these gene variants with ovarian response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Bakay
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ulas Coban
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Alper Arslan
- Medical Biology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Davut Guven
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sengul Tural
- Medical Biology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Matsumoto H, Ando S, Yoshimoto E, Numano T, Sultana N, Fukamachi K, Iinuma M, Okuda K, Kimura K, Suzui M. Extracts of Musa basjoo induce growth inhibition and changes in the protein expression of cell cycle control molecules in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:99. [PMID: 35154430 PMCID: PMC8822496 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harutoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Saeko Ando
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Eri Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Takamasa Numano
- Research and Development Division, DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491‑0113, Japan
| | - Nahida Sultana
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Munekazu Iinuma
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501‑1196, Japan
| | - Kensuke Okuda
- Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo 658‑8558, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Masumi Suzui
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
MDM2, MDMX, and p73 regulate cell-cycle progression in the absence of wild-type p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102420118. [PMID: 34716260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102420118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein, known to be critically important in several processes including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, is highly regulated by multiple mechanisms, most certifiably the Murine Double Minute 2-Murine Double Minute X (MDM2-MDMX) heterodimer. The role of MDM2-MDMX in cell-cycle regulation through inhibition of p53 has been well established. Here we report that in cells either lacking p53 or expressing certain tumor-derived mutant forms of p53, loss of endogenous MDM2 or MDMX, or inhibition of E3 ligase activity of the heterocomplex, causes cell-cycle arrest. This arrest is correlated with a reduction in E2F1, E2F3, and p73 levels. Remarkably, direct ablation of endogenous p73 produces a similar effect on the cell cycle and the expression of certain E2F family members at both protein and messenger RNA levels. These data suggest that MDM2 and MDMX, working at least in part as a heterocomplex, may play a p53-independent role in maintaining cell-cycle progression by promoting the activity of E2F family members as well as p73, making them a potential target of interest in cancers lacking wild-type p53.
Collapse
|
23
|
Logotheti S, Richter C, Murr N, Spitschak A, Marquardt S, Pützer BM. Mechanisms of Functional Pleiotropy of p73 in Cancer and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737735. [PMID: 34650986 PMCID: PMC8506118 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p73 is a structural and functional homolog of TP53, the most famous and frequently mutated tumor-suppressor gene. The TP73 gene can synthesize an overwhelming number of isoforms via splicing events in 5′ and 3′ ends and alternative promoter usage. Although it originally came into the spotlight due to the potential of several of these isoforms to mimic p53 functions, it is now clear that TP73 has its own unique identity as a master regulator of multifaceted processes in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. This remarkable functional pleiotropy is supported by a high degree of mechanistic heterogeneity, which extends far-beyond the typical mode of action by transactivation and largely relies on the ability of p73 isoforms to form protein–protein interactions (PPIs) with a variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Importantly, each p73 isoform carries a unique combination of functional domains and residues that facilitates the establishment of PPIs in a highly selective manner. Herein, we summarize the expanding functional repertoire of TP73 in physiological and oncogenic processes. We emphasize how TP73’s ability to control neurodevelopment and neurodifferentiation is co-opted in cancer cells toward neoneurogenesis, an emerging cancer hallmark, whereby tumors promote their own innervation. By further exploring the canonical and non-canonical mechanistic patterns of p73, we apprehend its functional diversity as the result of a sophisticated and coordinated interplay of: (a) the type of p73 isoforms (b) the presence of p73 interaction partners in the cell milieu, and (c) the architecture of target gene promoters. We suppose that dysregulation of one or more of these parameters in tumors may lead to cancer initiation and progression by reactivating p73 isoforms and/or p73-regulated differentiation programs thereof in a spatiotemporally inappropriate manner. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms supporting p73 functional diversity is of paramount importance for the efficient and precise p73 targeting not only in cancer, but also in other pathological conditions where TP73 dysregulation is causally involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Logotheti
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christin Richter
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nico Murr
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alf Spitschak
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Marquardt
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte M Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vagnini LD, Renzi A, Petersen CG, Dieamant F, Oliveira JBA, Canas MDCT, Franco Junior JG, Oliani AH. Correlation of TP53 (rs1625895), TP73 (rs3765730), MMP9 (rs17576), and MTHFR (rs868014) polymorphisms with low ovarian reserve. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 269:132-137. [PMID: 34953598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) TP53 rs1625895, TP73 rs3765730, MMP9 rs17576, and MTHFR rs868014 on ovarian reserve (OR) in infertile patients. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 145 infertile women. The patients were divided into two groups according to ovarian reserve, characterized by association between AMH levels and AFC:After patient distribution, both groups were compared (LOR X NOR) regarding the genotypes of the SNPs TP53 T/C rs1625895, TP73 G/A rs3765730, MMP9 Gln/Arg rs17576, and MTHFR A/G rs868014. RESULT(S) The frequency of the TP53-T/T genotype was greater in the LOR and the TP53-C/C genotype was more frequent in patients with NOR. This association was confirmed by the frequency of alleles, where the presence of the T allele was significantly higher in patients who exhibited LOR (P = 0.0003). The frequency of the TP73-G/G genotype and of the G allele was higher in the LOR group (P = 0.01). Considering the MMP9 gene, the frequency of the Gln/Gln genotype was higher in the LOR group. However, the Gln/Arg genotype and the Arg allele prevailed in the NOR group (P = 0.006). The frequency of the MTHFR-A/A genotype was higher in the LOR group, whereas that of the MTHFR-GG genotype was higher in the NOR group. The presence of allele A was significantly higher in the LOR group (P = 0.002). The regression analysis shows that patients who present the TP53-T/T, TP73-G/G, MMP9-Gln/Gln, and MTHFR-A/A genotypes are 3.6X, 3.1X, 3.2X, and 3.7X more likely of having LOR, respectively. In addition, the association of the TP53/TT + TP73/GG genotypes increased the chance of women being included in the LOR group in 5.7-fold. CONCLUSION(S) The genotypes TP53-T/T, TP73-G/G, MMP9-Gln/Gln, and MTHFR-A/A increase the chance of women to exhibit LOR. These polymorphisms could be useful as genetic markers of low ovarian reserve in infertile patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Vagnini
- Paulista Centre for Diagnosis Research and Training, CPDP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Renzi
- Paulista Centre for Diagnosis Research and Training, CPDP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Cláudia G Petersen
- Paulista Centre for Diagnosis Research and Training, CPDP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Centre for Human Reproduction Prof Franco Jr, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dieamant
- Centre for Human Reproduction Prof Franco Jr, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - João Batista A Oliveira
- Paulista Centre for Diagnosis Research and Training, CPDP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Centre for Human Reproduction Prof Franco Jr, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - José G Franco Junior
- Paulista Centre for Diagnosis Research and Training, CPDP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Centre for Human Reproduction Prof Franco Jr, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio H Oliani
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nguyen D, Yang K, Chiao L, Deng Y, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Zeng SX, Lu H. Inhibition of tumor suppressor p73 by nerve growth factor receptor via chaperone-mediated autophagy. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:700-712. [PMID: 32285119 PMCID: PMC7749740 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressr p73 is a homolog of p53 and is capable of inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Here, we identify nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR, p75NTR, or CD271) as a novel negative p73 regulator. p73 activates NGFR transcription, which, in turn, promotes p73 degradation in a negative feedback loop. NGFR directly binds to p73 central DNA-binding domain and suppresses p73 transcriptional activity as well as p73-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. Surprisingly, we uncover a previously unknown mechanism of NGFR-facilitated p73 degradation through the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway. Collectively, our studies demonstrate a new oncogenic function for NGFR in inactivating p73 activity by promoting its degradation through the CMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lucia Chiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
TAp73 represses NF-κB-mediated recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017089118. [PMID: 33649219 PMCID: PMC7958209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017089118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Understanding this complex disease is therefore of great importance. Here, we report that loss of TAp73, a known tumor suppressor and member of the p53 protein family, leads to increased activation of the NF-κB pathway, secretion of the chemokine CCL2, and an increase in protumoral macrophage infiltration in human breast cancer. Both high levels of CCL2 and high macrophage infiltration are known to correlate with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. This study identifies TAp73 as a regulator of macrophage recruitment and highlights a role for TAp73 in immune cell regulation in cancer. Infiltration of tumor-promoting immune cells is a strong driver of tumor progression. Especially the accumulation of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment is known to facilitate tumor growth and to correlate with poor prognosis in many tumor types. TAp73, a member of the p53/p63/p73 family, acts as a tumor suppressor and has been shown to suppress tumor angiogenesis. However, what role TAp73 has in regulating immune cell infiltration is unknown. Here, we report that low levels of TAp73 correlate with an increased NF-κB–regulated inflammatory signature in breast cancer. Furthermore, we show that loss of TAp73 results in NF-κB hyperactivation and secretion of Ccl2, a known NF-κB target and chemoattractant for monocytes and macrophages. Importantly, TAp73-deficient tumors display an increased accumulation of protumoral macrophages that express the mannose receptor (CD206) and scavenger receptor A (CD204) compared to controls. The relevance of TAp73 expression in human breast carcinoma was further accentuated by revealing that TAp73 expression correlates negatively with the accumulation of protumoral CD163+ macrophages in breast cancer patient samples. Taken together, our findings suggest that TAp73 regulates macrophage accumulation and phenotype in breast cancer through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
|
27
|
Laubach K, Zhang J, Chen X. The p53 Family: A Role in Lipid and Iron Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715974. [PMID: 34395447 PMCID: PMC8358664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family of tumor suppressors, which includes p53, p63, and p73, has a critical role in many biological processes, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation. In addition to tumor suppression, the p53 family proteins also participate in development, multiciliogenesis, and fertility, indicating these proteins have diverse roles. In this review, we strive to cover the relevant studies that demonstrate the roles of p53, p63, and p73 in lipid and iron metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tissue-specific expression of p73 and p63 isoforms in human tissues. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:745. [PMID: 34315849 PMCID: PMC8316356 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
p73 and p63 are members of the p53 family that exhibit overlapping and distinct functions in development and homeostasis. The evaluation of p73 and p63 isoform expression across human tissue can provide greater insight to the functional interactions between family members. We determined the mRNA isoform expression patterns of TP73 and TP63 across a panel of 36 human tissues and protein expression within the highest-expressing tissues. TP73 and TP63 expression significantly correlated across tissues. In tissues with concurrent mRNA expression, nuclear co-expression of both proteins was observed in a majority of cells. Using GTEx data, we quantified p73 and p63 isoform expression in human tissue and identified that the α-isoforms of TP73 and TP63 were the predominant isoform expressed in nearly all tissues. Further, we identified a previously unreported p73 mRNA product encoded by exons 4 to 14. In sum, these data provide the most comprehensive tissue-specific atlas of p73 and p63 protein and mRNA expression patterns in human and murine samples, indicating coordinate expression of these transcription factors in the majority of tissues in which they are expressed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Maeso-Alonso L, López-Ferreras L, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 as a Tissue Architect. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716957. [PMID: 34368167 PMCID: PMC8343074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP73 gene belongs to the p53 family comprised by p53, p63, and p73. In response to physiological and pathological signals these transcription factors regulate multiple molecular pathways which merge in an ensemble of interconnected networks, in which the control of cell proliferation and cell death occupies a prominent position. However, the complex phenotype of the Trp73 deficient mice has revealed that the biological relevance of this gene does not exclusively rely on its growth suppression effects, but it is also intertwined with other fundamental roles governing different aspects of tissue physiology. p73 function is essential for the organization and homeostasis of different complex microenvironments, like the neurogenic niche, which supports the neural progenitor cells and the ependyma, the male and female reproductive organs, the respiratory epithelium or the vascular network. We propose that all these, apparently unrelated, developmental roles, have a common denominator: p73 function as a tissue architect. Tissue architecture is defined by the nature and the integrity of its cellular and extracellular compartments, and it is based on proper adhesive cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions as well as the establishment of cellular polarity. In this work, we will review the current understanding of p73 role as a neurogenic niche architect through the regulation of cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics and Planar Cell Polarity, and give a general overview of TAp73 as a hub modulator of these functions, whose alteration could impinge in many of the Trp73 -/- phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
López-Ferreras L, Martínez-García N, Maeso-Alonso L, Martín-López M, Díez-Matilla Á, Villoch-Fernandez J, Alonso-Olivares H, Marques MM, Marin MC. Deciphering the Nature of Trp73 Isoforms in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Models: Generation of Isoform-Specific Deficient Cell Lines Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133182. [PMID: 34202306 PMCID: PMC8268375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Trp73 gene is involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes such as response to stress, differentiation and tissue architecture. This gene gives rise to structurally different N and C-terminal isoforms which lead to differences in its biological activity in a cell type dependent manner. However, there is a current lack of physiological models to study these isoforms. The aim of this study was to generate specific p73-isoform-deficient mouse embryonic stem cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Their special features, self-renewal and pluripotency, make embryonic stem cells a useful research tool that allows the generation of cells from any of the three germ layers carrying specific inactivation of p73-isoforms. Characterization of the generated cell lines indicates that while the individual elimination of TA- or DN-p73 isoform is compatible with pluripotency, it results in alterations of the transcriptional profiles and the pluripotent state of the embryonic stem cells in an isoform-specific manner. Abstract The p53 family has been widely studied for its role in various physiological and pathological processes. Imbalance of p53 family proteins may contribute to developmental abnormalities and pathologies in humans. This family exerts its functions through a profusion of isoforms that are generated by different promoter usage and alternative splicing in a cell type dependent manner. In particular, the Trp73 gene gives rise to TA and DN-p73 isoforms that confer p73 a dual nature. The biological relevance of p73 does not only rely on its tumor suppression effects, but on its pivotal role in several developmental processes. Therefore, the generation of cellular models that allow the study of the individual isoforms in a physiological context is of great biomedical relevance. We generated specific TA and DN-p73-deficient mouse embryonic stem cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system and validated them as physiological bona fide p73-isoform knockout models. Global gene expression analysis revealed isoform-specific alterations of distinctive transcriptional networks. Elimination of TA or DN-p73 is compatible with pluripotency but prompts naïve pluripotent stem cell transition into the primed state, compromising adequate lineage differentiation, thus suggesting that differential expression of p73 isoforms acts as a rheostat during early cell fate determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena López-Ferreras
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Nicole Martínez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Biomar Microbial Technologies, Parque Tecnológico de León, Armunia, 24009 León, Spain
| | - Ángela Díez-Matilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
| | - Javier Villoch-Fernandez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Hugo Alonso-Olivares
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Margarita M. Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (M.C.M.); Tel.: +34-987-291757 (M.M.M.); +34-987-291490 (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria C. Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (M.C.M.); Tel.: +34-987-291757 (M.M.M.); +34-987-291490 (M.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mazor G, Smirnov D, Ben David H, Khrameeva E, Toiber D, Rotblat B. TP73-AS1 is induced by YY1 during TMZ treatment and highly expressed in the aging brain. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14843-14861. [PMID: 34115613 PMCID: PMC8221307 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a factor associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM). It is therefore important to understand the molecular features of aging contributing to GBM morbidity. TP73-AS1 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) over expressed in GBM tumors shown to promote resistance to the chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ), and tumor aggressiveness. How the expression of TP73-AS1 is regulated is not known, nor is it known if its expression is associated with aging. By analyzing transcriptional data obtained from natural and pathological aging brain, we found that the expression of TP73-AS1 is high in pathological and naturally aging brains. YY1 physically associates with the promoter of TP73-AS1 and we found that along with TP73-AS1, YY1 is induced by TMZ. We found that the TP73-AS1 promoter is activated by TMZ, and by YY1 over expression. Using CRISPRi to deplete YY1, we found that YY1 promotes up regulation of TP73-AS1 and the activation of its promoter during TMZ treatment. In addition, we identified two putative YY1 binding sites within the TP73-AS1 promoter, and used mutagenesis to find that they are essential for TMZ mediated promoter activation. Together, our data positions YY1 as an important TP73-AS1 regulator, demonstrating that TP73-AS1 is expressed in the natural and pathological aging brain, including during neurodegeneration and cancer. Our findings advance our understanding of TP73-AS1 expression, bringing forth a new link between TMZ resistance and aging, both of which contribute to GBM morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gal Mazor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Dmitri Smirnov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.,Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia.,The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Hila Ben David
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.,The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122885. [PMID: 34207603 PMCID: PMC8227208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kong X, Wang D, Sun W, Chen M, Chen J, Shi J, Zhang J, Chen X. Small Proline-Rich Protein 2A and 2D Are Regulated by the RBM38-p73 Axis and Associated with p73-Dependent Suppression of Chronic Inflammation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112829. [PMID: 34204113 PMCID: PMC8201237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Small proline-rich protein 2A and 2D (SPRR2A and SPRR2D) are structure proteins of cornified cell envelopes and function as a protective barrier against diverse external insults. However, the role of SPRR2A/2D in chronic inflammation remains unclear. Here, we showed that SPRR2A/2D expression is controlled by a regulatory loop formed by RNA-binding protein RBM38 and tumor suppressor p73. We also found that RBM38-mediated expression of SPRR2A/2D was p73-dependent and that induction of SPRR2A/2D during keratinocyte differentiation was dependent on both p73 and Rbm38. Furthermore, We found that Rbm38−/−;Trp73+/− mice exhibited weak expression of SPRR2A/2D in multiple tissues and were susceptible to systemic chronic inflammation. Together, our data reveal that SPRR2A/2D are novel targets of the RBM38-p73 loop and contribute to p73-dependent suppression of chronic inflammation. Abstract Small proline-rich protein 2A and 2D (SPRR2A and SPRR2D) provide barrier function in terminally differentiated stratified squamous epithelia through the epidermal differentiation complex. However, little is known how SPRR2A/2D expression is controlled and their role in chronic inflammation. Here, we showed that that SPRR2A/2D expression is controlled by a regulatory loop formed by RNA-binding protein RBM38 and tumor suppressor p73. Specifically, we found that SPRR2A/2D expression was induced by ectopic expression of RBM38 or p73 but suppressed by knockout of Rbm38 or p73. We also found that RBM38-mediated expression of SPRR2A/2D was p73-dependent and that induction of SPRR2A/2D during keratinocyte differentiation was dependent on both p73 and Rbm38. Additionally, we found that SPRR2A/2D expression was closely associated with p73 expression in normal and cancerous tissues. To determine the biological function of the RBM38-p73 loop potentially via SPRR2A/2D, we generated a cohort of wild-type, Rbm38−/−, Trp73+/−, and Rbm38−/−;Trp73+/− mice. We found that Rbm38−/−;Trp73+/− mice had a much shorter lifespan than that for Rbm38−/−—and to a lesser extent for Trp73+/− mice—but were less prone to spontaneous tumors than Trp73+/− or Rbm38−/− mice. We also found that Rbm38−/−;Trp73+/− mice exhibited weak expression of SPRR2A/2D in multiple tissues and were susceptible to systemic chronic inflammation, suggesting that decreased SPRR2A/2D expression is likely responsible for chronic inflammation in Rbm38−/−;Trp73+/− mice, leading to a shortened lifespan. Together, our data reveal that SPRR2A/2D are novel targets of the RBM38-p73 loop and contribute to p73-dependent suppression of chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmudong Kong
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (X.K.); (D.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (X.K.); (D.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (X.K.); (D.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (X.K.); (D.W.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (X.K.); (D.W.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Malik N, Yan H, Yang HH, Ayaz G, DuBois W, Tseng YC, Kim YI, Jiang S, Liu C, Lee M, Huang J. CBFB cooperates with p53 to maintain TAp73 expression and suppress breast cancer. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009553. [PMID: 33945523 PMCID: PMC8121313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CBFB gene is frequently mutated in several types of solid tumors. Emerging evidence suggests that CBFB is a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, our understanding of the tumor suppressive function of CBFB remains incomplete. Here, we analyze genetic interactions between mutations of CBFB and other highly mutated genes in human breast cancer datasets and find that CBFB and TP53 mutations are mutually exclusive, suggesting a functional association between CBFB and p53. Integrated genomic studies reveal that TAp73 is a common transcriptional target of CBFB and p53. CBFB cooperates with p53 to maintain TAp73 expression, as either CBFB or p53 loss leads to TAp73 depletion. TAp73 re-expression abrogates the tumorigenic effect of CBFB deletion. Although TAp73 loss alone is insufficient for tumorigenesis, it enhances the tumorigenic effect of NOTCH3 overexpression, a downstream event of CBFB loss. Immunohistochemistry shows that p73 loss is coupled with higher proliferation in xenografts. Moreover, TAp73 loss-of-expression is a frequent event in human breast cancer tumors and cell lines. Together, our results significantly advance our understanding of the tumor suppressive functions of CBFB and reveal a mechanism underlying the communication between the two tumor suppressors CBFB and p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Malik
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hualong Yan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Howard H Yang
- High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gamze Ayaz
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendy DuBois
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chou Tseng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Young-Im Kim
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shunlin Jiang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Lee
- High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jing Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Melino G. Molecular Mechanisms and Function of the p53 Protein Family Member - p73. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1202-1209. [PMID: 33202205 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 years after identification of p53 and its crucial function in cancer progression, two members of the same protein family were identified, namely p63 and p73. Since then, a body of information has been accumulated on each of these genes and their interrelations. Biological role of p73 has been elucidated thanks to four distinct knockout mice models: (i) with deletion of the entire TP73 gene, (ii) with deletion of exons encoding the full length TAp73 isoforms, (iii) with deletions of exons encoding the shorter DNp73 isoform, and (iv) with deletion of exons encoding C-terminal of the alpha isoform. This work, as well as expression studies in cancer and overwhelming body of molecular studies, allowed establishing major role of TP73 both in cancer and in neuro-development, as well as ciliogenesis, and metabolism. Here, we recapitulate the major milestones of this endeavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Marchetti P, Antonov A, Anemona L, Vangapandou C, Montanaro M, Botticelli A, Mauriello A, Melino G, Catani MV. New immunological potential markers for triple negative breast cancer: IL18R1, CD53, TRIM, Jaw1, LTB, PTPRCAP. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 35201443 PMCID: PMC8777524 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, and settings of specific prognostic factors and efficacious therapies are made difficult by phenotypic heterogeneity of BC subtypes. Therefore, there is a current urgent need to define novel predictive genetic predictors that may be useful for stratifying patients with distinct prognostic outcomes. Here, we looked for novel molecular signatures for triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). By a bioinformatic approach, we identified a panel of genes, whose expression was positively correlated with disease-free survival in TNBC patients, namely IL18R1, CD53, TRIM, Jaw1, LTB, and PTPRCAP, showing specific immune expression profiles linked to survival prediction; most of these genes are indeed expressed in immune cells and are required for productive lymphocyte activation. According to our hypothesis, these genes were not, or poorly, expressed in different TNBC cell lines, derived from either primary breast tumours or metastatic pleural effusions. This conclusion was further supported in vivo, as immuno-histochemical analysis on biopsies of TNBC invasive ductal carcinomas highlighted differential expression of these six genes in cancer cells, as well as in intra- and peri-tumoral infiltrating lymphocytes. Our data open to the possibility that inter-tumour heterogeneity of immune markers might have predictive value; further investigations are recommended in order to establish the real power of cancer-related immune profiles as prognostic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marchetti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexey Antonov
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR UK
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chaitania Vangapandou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cam M, Charan M, Welker AM, Dravid P, Studebaker AW, Leonard JR, Pierson CR, Nakano I, Beattie CE, Hwang EI, Kambhampati M, Nazarian J, Finlay JL, Cam H. ΔNp73/ETS2 complex drives glioblastoma pathogenesis- targeting downstream mediators by rebastinib prolongs survival in preclinical models of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:345-356. [PMID: 31763674 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the least successfully treated cancers. It is essential to understand the basic biology of this lethal disease and investigate novel pharmacological targets to treat GBM. The aims of this study were to determine the biological consequences of elevated expression of ΔNp73, an N-terminal truncated isoform of TP73, and to evaluate targeting of its downstream mediators, the angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1)/tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2 (Tie2) axis, by using a highly potent, orally available small-molecule inhibitor (rebastinib) in GBM. METHODS ΔNp73 expression was assessed in glioma sphere cultures, xenograft glioblastoma tumors, and glioblastoma patients by western blot, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) and sequential ChIP were performed to determine the interaction between ΔNp73 and E26 transformation-specific (ETS) proto-oncogene 2 (ETS2) proteins. The oncogenic consequences of ΔNp73 expression in glioblastomas were examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments, including orthotopic zebrafish and mouse intracranial-injection models. Effects of rebastinib on growth of established tumors and survival were examined in an intracranial-injection mouse model. RESULTS ΔNp73 upregulates both ANGPT1 and Tie2 transcriptionally through ETS conserved binding sites on the promoters by interacting with ETS2. Elevated expression of ΔNp73 promotes tumor progression by mediating angiogenesis and survival. Therapeutic targeting of downstream ΔNp73 signaling pathways by rebastinib inhibits growth of established tumors and extends survival in preclinical models of glioblastoma. CONCLUSION Aberrant expression of ΔNp73 in GBM promotes tumor progression through autocrine and paracrine signaling dependent on Tie2 activation by ANGPT1. Disruption of this signaling by rebastinib improves tumor response to treatment in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Manish Charan
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alessandra M Welker
- Cancer Center and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Piyush Dravid
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adam W Studebaker
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey R Leonard
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher R Pierson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Christine E Beattie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eugene I Hwang
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Madhuri Kambhampati
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Jonathan L Finlay
- Neuro-oncology Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hakan Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Distinct p63 and p73 Protein Interactions Predict Specific Functions in mRNA Splicing and Polyploidy Control in Epithelia. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010025. [PMID: 33375680 PMCID: PMC7824480 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial organs are the first barrier against microorganisms and genotoxic stress, in which the p53 family members p63 and p73 have both overlapping and distinct functions. Intriguingly, p73 displays a very specific localization to basal epithelial cells in human tissues, while p63 is expressed in both basal and differentiated cells. Here, we analyse systematically the literature describing p63 and p73 protein-protein interactions to reveal distinct functions underlying the aforementioned distribution. We have found that p73 and p63 cooperate in the genome stability surveillance in proliferating cells; p73 specific interactors contribute to the transcriptional repression, anaphase promoting complex and spindle assembly checkpoint, whereas p63 specific interactors play roles in the regulation of mRNA processing and splicing in both proliferating and differentiated cells. Our analysis reveals the diversification of the RNA and DNA specific functions within the p53 family.
Collapse
|
39
|
She X, Lin Y, Liang R, Liu Z, Gao X, Ye J. RNA-Binding Motif Protein 38 as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13225-13236. [PMID: 33380811 PMCID: PMC7769143 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) act as a key factor in gene regulation by governing RNA metabolism. They contribute to the expression and functions of most RNAs by binding to them and forming complexes. RNA-binding motif protein 38 (RBM38), a member of the RBP family, alters the stability and translation of targeted mRNAs to affect various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and myogenic differentiation. RBM38 contains a highly conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM) consisting of two subunits, RNP1 and RNP2, which specifically bind to RNAs. Recent studies have revealed that RBM38 regulates the mRNA stability of several tumor-related genes, such as p53, mdm2, p63, p73, p21, and c-Myc, by binding to their 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs); thus, RBM38 modulates targeted gene expression and affects the biological processes of tumors. In addition, abnormal RBM38 expression in some malignant tumors and its correlation with prognosis have been documented in many studies, indicating its value for potential clinical applications. In this review, we present an overview of RBM38, specifically highlighting its relationship with tumor manifestation and development. A brief overview of the potential use of RBM38 in cancer therapy is also included to provide ideas for further research on RBM38.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin She
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Liang
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gebel J, Tuppi M, Sänger N, Schumacher B, Dötsch V. DNA Damaged Induced Cell Death in Oocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235714. [PMID: 33287328 PMCID: PMC7730327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of haploid gametes through meiosis is central to the principle of sexual reproduction. The genetic diversity is further enhanced by exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes by the crossover mechanism. This mechanism not only requires correct pairing of homologous chromosomes but also efficient repair of the induced DNA double-strand breaks. Oocytes have evolved a unique quality control system that eliminates cells if chromosomes do not correctly align or if DNA repair is not possible. Central to this monitoring system that is conserved from nematodes and fruit fly to humans is the p53 protein family, and in vertebrates in particular p63. In mammals, oocytes are stored for a long time in the prophase of meiosis I which, in humans, can last more than 50 years. During the entire time of this arrest phase, the DNA damage checkpoint remains active. The treatment of female cancer patients with DNA damaging irradiation or chemotherapeutics activates this checkpoint and results in elimination of the oocyte pool causing premature menopause and infertility. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of this quality control system and discuss potential therapeutic intervention for the preservation of the oocyte pool during chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Marcel Tuppi
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicole Sänger
- Department for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53217 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.G.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-798-29631
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Amelio I, Bertolo R, Bove P, Buonomo OC, Candi E, Chiocchi M, Cipriani C, Di Daniele N, Ganini C, Juhl H, Mauriello A, Marani C, Marshall J, Montanaro M, Palmieri G, Piacentini M, Sica G, Tesauro M, Rovella V, Tisone G, Shi Y, Wang Y, Melino G. Liquid biopsies and cancer omics. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:131. [PMID: 33298891 PMCID: PMC7691330 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the sequencing technologies allowed the generation of huge amounts of molecular data from a single cancer specimen, allowing the clinical oncology to enter the era of the precision medicine. This massive amount of data is highlighting new details on cancer pathogenesis but still relies on tissue biopsies, which are unable to capture the dynamic nature of cancer through its evolution. This assumption led to the exploration of non-tissue sources of tumoral material opening the field of liquid biopsies. Blood, together with body fluids such as urines, or stool, from cancer patients, are analyzed applying the techniques used for the generation of omics data. With blood, this approach would allow to take into account tumor heterogeneity (since the circulating components such as CTCs, ctDNA, or ECVs derive from each cancer clone) in a time dependent manner, resulting in a somehow "real-time" understanding of cancer evolution. Liquid biopsies are beginning nowdays to be applied in many cancer contexts and are at the basis of many clinical trials in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Amelio
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Claudio Buonomo
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Chiocchi
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipriani
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Marani
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - John Marshall
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Palmieri
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sica
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Celardo I, Melino G, Amelio I. Commensal microbes and p53 in cancer progression. Biol Direct 2020; 15:25. [PMID: 33213502 PMCID: PMC7678320 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-020-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aetiogenesis of cancer has not been fully determined. Recent advances have clearly defined a role for microenvironmental factors in cancer progression and initiation; in this context, microbiome has recently emerged with a number of reported correlative and causative links implicating alterations of commensal microbes in tumorigenesis. Bacteria appear to have the potential to directly alter physiological pathways of host cells and in specific circumstances, such as the mutation of the tumour suppressive factor p53, they can also directly switch the function of a gene from oncosuppressive to oncogenic. In this minireview, we report a number of examples on how commensal microbes alter the host cell biology, affecting the oncogenic process. We then discuss more in detail how interaction with the gut microbiome can affect the function of p53 mutant in the intestinal tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Celardo
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
p73: From the p53 shadow to a major pharmacological target in anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105245. [PMID: 33069756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p73, along with p53 and p63, belongs to the p53 family of transcription factors. Besides the p53-like tumor suppressive activities, p73 has unique roles, namely in neuronal development and differentiation. In addition, the TP73 gene is rarely mutated in tumors. This makes p73 a highly appealing therapeutic target, particularly towards cancers with a null or disrupted p53 pathway. Distinct isoforms are transcribed from the TP73 locus either with (TAp73) and without (ΔNp73) the N-terminal transactivation domain. Conversely to TA tumor suppressors, ΔN proteins exhibit oncogenic properties by inhibiting p53 and TA protein functions. As such, p73 isoforms compose a puzzled and challenging regulatory pathway. This state-of-the-art review affords an update overview on p73 structure, biological functions and pharmacological regulation. Importantly, it addresses the relevance of p73 isoforms in carcinogenesis, highlighting their potential as drug targets in anticancer therapy. A critical discussion of major pharmacological approaches to promote p73 tumor suppressive activities, with relevant survival outcomes for cancer patients, is also provided.
Collapse
|
44
|
Amelio I, Bertolo R, Bove P, Candi E, Chiocchi M, Cipriani C, Di Daniele N, Ganini C, Juhl H, Mauriello A, Marani C, Marshall J, Montanaro M, Palmieri G, Piacentini M, Sica G, Tesauro M, Rovella V, Tisone G, Shi Y, Wang Y, Melino G. Cancer predictive studies. Biol Direct 2020; 15:18. [PMID: 33054808 PMCID: PMC7557058 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-020-00274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of individual or clusters of predictive genetic alterations might help in defining the outcome of cancer treatment, allowing for the stratification of patients into distinct cohorts for selective therapeutic protocols. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial childhood tumour, clinically defined in five distinct stages (1–4 & 4S), where stages 3–4 define chemotherapy-resistant, highly aggressive disease phases. NB is a model for geneticists and molecular biologists to classify genetic abnormalities and identify causative disease genes. Despite highly intensive basic research, improvements on clinical outcome have been predominantly observed for less aggressive cancers, that is stages 1,2 and 4S. Therefore, stages 3–4 NB are still complicated at the therapeutic level and require more intense fundamental research. Using neuroblastoma as a model system, here we herein outline how cancer prediction studies can help at steering preclinical and clinical research toward the identification and exploitation of specific genetic landscape. This might result in maximising the therapeutic success and minimizing harmful effects in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Amelio
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Chiocchi
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipriani
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Marani
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - John Marshall
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Palmieri
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sica
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The Janus-like role of proline metabolism in cancer. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:104. [PMID: 33083024 PMCID: PMC7560826 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of the non-essential amino acid L-proline is emerging as a key pathway in the metabolic rewiring that sustains cancer cells proliferation, survival and metastatic spread. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) enzymes, which catalyze the last step in proline biosynthesis and the first step of its catabolism, respectively, have been extensively associated with the progression of several malignancies, and have been exposed as potential targets for anticancer drug development. As investigations into the links between proline metabolism and cancer accumulate, the complexity, and sometimes contradictory nature of this interaction emerge. It is clear that the role of proline metabolism enzymes in cancer depends on tumor type, with different cancers and cancer-related phenotypes displaying different dependencies on these enzymes. Unexpectedly, the outcome of rewiring proline metabolism also differs between conditions of nutrient and oxygen limitation. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of proline metabolism in cancer; we collate the experimental evidence that links proline metabolism with the different aspects of cancer progression and critically discuss the potential mechanisms involved.
Collapse
|
46
|
Saki J, Sabaghan M, Arjmand R, Teimoori A, Rashno M, Saki G, Shojaee S. Spermatogonia apoptosis induction as a possible mechanism of Toxoplasma gondii-induced male infertility. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1164-1171. [PMID: 32963738 PMCID: PMC7491504 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.43535.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii as an intracellular protozoan is widely prevalent in humans and animals. Infection generally occurs through consuming food contaminated with oocysts and tissue cysts from undercooked meat. The parasite is carried in sexual fluids like semen but there is little information about the effect of T. gondii on the male reproductive system. In this study, we examined the effect of T. gondii tachyzoites on apoptosis induction in type B spermatogonia (GC-1) cells. Materials and Methods: Fresh tachyzoites taken of infected BALB/c mice, GC-1 spg cells were infected with increasing concentrations of tachyzoites of T. gondii, then apoptotic cells were identified and quantified by flow cytometry. The genes associated with apoptosis were evaluated by RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Results: PCR array analysis of 84 apoptosis-related genes demonstrated that 12 genes were up-regulated at least 4-fold and that one gene was down-regulated at least 2-fold in the T. gondii infection group compared with levels in the control group. The number of genes whose expression had increased during the period of infection with T. gondii was significantly higher than those whose expressions had decreased (18 versus 1) and Tnfrsf11b had the highest rate of gene expression. Conclusion: T. gondii induce in vitro apoptosis of GC-1 spg cells. This effect shows a trend of concentration-dependent increase so that with an increase in the ratio of parasite burden to spermatogonial cells, in addition to an increase in the number of genes whose expression has changed, the fold of these changes has increased as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasem Saki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Sabaghan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Arjmand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Saki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The Undervalued Avenue to Reinstate Tumor Suppressor Functionality of the p53 Protein Family for Improved Cancer Therapy-Drug Repurposing. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092717. [PMID: 32971841 PMCID: PMC7563196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 and p73 are critical tumor suppressors that are often inactivated in human cancers through various mechanisms. Owing to their high structural homology, the proteins have many joined functions and recognize the same set of genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. p53 is known as the 'guardian of the genome' and together with p73 forms a barrier against cancer development and progression. The TP53 is mutated in more than 50% of all human cancers and the germline mutations in TP53 predispose to the early onset of multiple tumors in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), the inherited cancer predisposition. In cancers where TP53 gene is intact, p53 is degraded. Despite the ongoing efforts, the treatment of cancers remains challenging. This is due to late diagnoses, the toxicity of the current standard of care and marginal benefit of newly approved therapies. Presently, the endeavors focus on reactivating p53 exclusively, neglecting the potential of the restoration of p73 protein for cancer eradication. Taken that several small molecules reactivating p53 failed in clinical trials, there is a need to develop new treatments targeting p53 proteins in cancer. This review outlines the most advanced strategies to reactivate p53 and p73 and describes drug repurposing approaches for the efficient reinstatement of the p53 proteins for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
48
|
Breast-Specific Epigenetic Regulation of DeltaNp73 and Its Role in DNA-Damage-Response of BRCA1-Mutated Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092367. [PMID: 32825620 PMCID: PMC7564633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of BRCA1/2 proteins is essential for maintaining genomic integrity in all cell types. However, why women who carry deleterious germline mutations in BRCA face an extremely high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers specifically has remained an enigma. We propose that breast-specific epigenetic modifications, which regulate tissue differentiation, could team up with BRCA deficiency and affect tissue susceptibility to cancer. In earlier work, we compared genome-wide methylation profiles of various normal epithelial tissues and identified breast-specific methylated gene promoter regions. Here, we focused on deltaNp73, the truncated isoform of p73, which possesses antiapoptotic and pro-oncogenic functions. We showed that the promoter of deltaNp73 is unmethylated in normal human breast epithelium and methylated in various other normal epithelial tissues and cell types. Accordingly, deltaNp73 was markedly induced by DNA damage in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) but not in other epithelial cell types. Moreover, the induction of deltaNp73 protected HMECs from DNA damage-induced cell death, and this effect was more substantial in HMECs from BRCA1 mutation carriers. Notably, when BRCA1 was knocked down in MCF10A, a non-malignant breast epithelial cell line, both deltaNp73 induction and its protective effect from cell death were augmented upon DNA damage. Interestingly, deltaNp73 induction also resulted in inhibition of BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression following DNA damage. In conclusion, breast-specific induction of deltaNp73 promotes survival of BRCA1-deficient mammary epithelial cells upon DNA damage. This might result in the accumulation of genomic alterations and allow the outgrowth of breast cancers. These findings indicate deltaNp73 as a potential modifier of breast cancer susceptibility in BRCA1 mutation carriers and may stimulate novel strategies of prevention and treatment for these high-risk women.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved p53 protein and its cellular pathways mediate tumour suppression through an informed, regulated and integrated set of responses to environmental perturbations resulting in either cellular death or the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The p53 and MDM2 proteins form a central hub in this pathway that receives stressful inputs via MDM2 and respond via p53 by informing and altering a great many other pathways and functions in the cell. The MDM2-p53 hub is one of the hubs most highly connected to other signalling pathways in the cell, and this may be why TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers. Initial or truncal TP53 gene mutations (the first mutations in a stem cell) are selected for early in cancer development inectodermal and mesodermal-derived tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells and then, following additional mutations, produce tumours from those tissue types. In endodermal-derived tissue-specific stem or progenitor cells, TP53 mutations are functionally selected as late mutations transitioning the mutated cell into a malignant tumour. The order in which oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes are functionally selected for in a stem cell impacts the timing and development of a tumour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J Levine
- Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Buckley N, Panatta E, Morone N, Noguchi M, Scorrano L, Knight RA, Amelio I, Melino G. P73 C-terminus is dispensable for multiciliogenesis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1833-1845. [PMID: 32584647 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1783055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family transcriptional factor p73 plays a pivotal role in development. Ablation of p73 results in severe neurodevelopmental defects, chronic infections, inflammation and infertility. In addition to this, Trp73-\- mice display severe alteration in the ciliated epithelial lining and the full-length N-terminal isoform TAp73 has been implicated in the control of multiciliogenesis transcriptional program. With our recently generated Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mouse model, we interrogate the physiological role of p73 C-terminal isoforms in vivo. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice lack exon 13 in Trp73 gene, producing an ectopic switch from the C-terminal isoforms p73α to p73β. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice show a pattern of expression of TAp73 comparable to the wild-type littermates, indicating that the α to β switch does not significantly alter the expression of the gene in this cell type. Moreover, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 do not display any significant alteration in the airway ciliated epithelium, suggesting that in this context p73β can fully substitute the function of the longer isoform p73α. Similarly, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 ciliated epithelium of the brain ependyma also does appear defective. In this district however expression of TAp73 is not detectable, indicating that expression of the gene might be compensated by alternative mechanisms. Overall our work indicates that C-terminus p73 is dispensable for the multiciliogenesis program and suggests a possible tissue-specific effect of p73 alternative splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall Buckley
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua , Padua, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|