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Laverty DJ, Gupta SK, Bradshaw GA, Hunter AS, Carlson BL, Calmo NM, Chen J, Tian S, Sarkaria JN, Nagel ZD. ATM inhibition exploits checkpoint defects and ATM-dependent double strand break repair in TP53-mutant glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5294. [PMID: 38906885 PMCID: PMC11192742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the balance between DNA double strand break repair (DSBR) pathways is essential for understanding treatment response in cancer. We report a method for simultaneously measuring non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). Using this method, we show that patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) samples with acquired temozolomide (TMZ) resistance display elevated HR and MMEJ activity, suggesting that these pathways contribute to treatment resistance. We screen clinically relevant small molecules for DSBR inhibition with the aim of identifying improved GBM combination therapy regimens. We identify the ATM kinase inhibitor, AZD1390, as a potent dual HR/MMEJ inhibitor that suppresses radiation-induced phosphorylation of DSBR proteins, blocks DSB end resection, and enhances the cytotoxic effects of TMZ in treatment-naïve and treatment-resistant GBMs with TP53 mutation. We further show that a combination of G2/M checkpoint deficiency and reliance upon ATM-dependent DSBR renders TP53 mutant GBMs hypersensitive to TMZ/AZD1390 and radiation/AZD1390 combinations. This report identifies ATM-dependent HR and MMEJ as targetable resistance mechanisms in TP53-mutant GBM and establishes an approach for simultaneously measuring multiple DSBR pathways in treatment selection and oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Laverty
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiajia Chen
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | | | | | - Zachary D Nagel
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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2
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Liu TT, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Ye B, Liu T, Yan L, Fan J, Xu J, Zhou Y, Xia Z, Deng X. Discovery of a Meisoindigo-Derived PROTAC as the ATM Degrader: Revolutionizing Colorectal Cancer Therapy via Synthetic Lethality with ATR Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7620-7634. [PMID: 38634707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Meisoindigo (Mei) has long been recognized in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment. To elucidate its molecular target and mechanisms, we embarked on designing and synthesizing a series of Mei-derived PROTACs. Through this endeavor, VHL-type PROTAC 9b was identified to be highly cytotoxic against SW620, SW480, and K562 cells. Employing DiaPASEF-based quantitative proteomic analysis, in combination with extensive validation assays, we unveiled that 9b potently and selectively degraded ATM across SW620 and SW480 cells in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. 9b-induced selective ATM degradation prompted DNA damage response cascades, thereby leading to the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. This pioneering discovery renders the advent of ATM degradation for anti-cancer therapy. Notably, 9b-induced ATM degradation synergistically enhanced the efficacy of ATR inhibitor AZD6738 both in vitro and in vivo. This work establishes the synthetic lethality-inducing properties of ATR inhibitors in the ATM-deficient context, thereby providing new avenues to innovative therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yuxing Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Baixin Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311106, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Linyang Yan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinbao Fan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zanxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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3
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Chen J, Laverty DJ, Talele S, Bale A, Carlson BL, Porath KA, Bakken KK, Burgenske DM, Decker PA, Vaubel RA, Eckel-Passow JE, Bhargava R, Lou Z, Hamerlik P, Harley B, Elmquist WF, Nagel ZD, Gupta SK, Sarkaria JN. Aberrant ATM signaling and homology-directed DNA repair as a vulnerability of p53-mutant GBM to AZD1390-mediated radiosensitization. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj5962. [PMID: 38354228 PMCID: PMC11064970 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj5962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ATM is a key mediator of radiation response, and pharmacological inhibition of ATM is a rational strategy to radiosensitize tumors. AZD1390 is a brain-penetrant ATM inhibitor and a potent radiosensitizer. This study evaluated the spectrum of radiosensitizing effects and the impact of TP53 mutation status in a panel of IDH1 wild-type (WT) glioblastoma (GBM) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). AZD1390 suppressed radiation-induced ATM signaling, abrogated G0-G1 arrest, and promoted a proapoptotic response specifically in p53-mutant GBM in vitro. In a preclinical trial using 10 orthotopic GBM models, AZD1390/RT afforded benefit in a cohort of TP53-mutant tumors but not in TP53-WT PDXs. In mechanistic studies, increased endogenous DNA damage and constitutive ATM signaling were observed in TP53-mutant, but not in TP53-WT, PDXs. In plasmid-based reporter assays, GBM43 (TP53-mutant) showed elevated DNA repair capacity compared with that in GBM14 (p53-WT), whereas treatment with AZD1390 specifically suppressed homologous recombination (HR) efficiency, in part, by stalling RAD51 unloading. Furthermore, overexpression of a dominant-negative TP53 (p53DD) construct resulted in enhanced basal ATM signaling, HR activity, and AZD1390-mediated radiosensitization in GBM14. Analyzing RNA-seq data from TCGA showed up-regulation of HR pathway genes in TP53-mutant human GBM. Together, our results imply that increased basal ATM signaling and enhanced dependence on HR represent a unique susceptibility of TP53-mutant cells to ATM inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Daniel J. Laverty
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Surabhi Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ashwin Bale
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brett L. Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kendra A. Porath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Katrina K. Bakken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Paul A. Decker
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rachael A. Vaubel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Brendan Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - William F. Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zachary D. Nagel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shiv K. Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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4
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Vokes NI, Galan Cobo A, Fernandez-Chas M, Molkentine D, Treviño S, Druker V, Qian Y, Patel S, Schmidt S, Hong L, Lewis J, Rinsurongkawong W, Rinsurongkawong V, Lee JJ, Negrao MV, Gibbons DL, Vaporciyan A, Le X, Wu J, Zhang J, Rigney U, Iyer S, Dean E, Heymach JV. ATM Mutations Associate with Distinct Co-Mutational Patterns and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4958-4972. [PMID: 37733794 PMCID: PMC10690143 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is the most frequently mutated DNA damage repair gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular correlates of ATM mutations and their clinical implications have not been fully elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Clinicopathologic and genomic data from 26,587 patients with NSCLC from MD Anderson, public databases, and a de-identified nationwide (US-based) NSCLC clinicogenomic database (CGDB) were used to assess the co-mutation landscape, protein expression, and mutational processes in ATM-mutant tumors. We used the CGDB to evaluate ATM-associated outcomes in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) with or without chemotherapy, and assessed the effect of ATM loss on STING signaling and chemotherapy sensitivity in preclinical models. RESULTS Nonsynonymous mutations in ATM were observed in 11.2% of samples (2,980/26,587) and were significantly associated with mutations in KRAS, but mutually exclusive with EGFR (q < 0.1). KRAS mutational status constrained the ATM co-mutation landscape, with strong mutual exclusivity with TP53 and KEAP1 within KRAS-mutated samples. Those ATM mutations that co-occurred with TP53 were more likely to be missense mutations and associate with high mutational burden, suggestive of non-functional passenger mutations. In the CGDB cohort, dysfunctional ATM mutations associated with improved OS only in patients treated with ICI-chemotherapy, and not ICI alone. In vitro analyses demonstrated enhanced upregulation of STING signaling in ATM knockout cells with the addition of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS ATM mutations define a distinct subset of NSCLC associated with KRAS mutations, increased TMB, decreased TP53 and EGFR co-occurrence, and potential increased sensitivity to ICIs in the context of DNA-damaging chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie I. Vokes
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ana Galan Cobo
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - David Molkentine
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Santiago Treviño
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vitaly Druker
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonia Patel
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie Schmidt
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lingzhi Hong
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeff Lewis
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Waree Rinsurongkawong
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - J. Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marcelo V. Negrao
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Don L. Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ara Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Una Rigney
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Iyer
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Dean
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John V. Heymach
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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5
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Wang Z, Himanen SV, Haikala HM, Friedel CC, Vihervaara A, Barborič M. Inhibition of CDK12 elevates cancer cell dependence on P-TEFb by stimulation of RNA polymerase II pause release. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10970-10991. [PMID: 37811895 PMCID: PMC10639066 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
P-TEFb and CDK12 facilitate transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. Given the prominence of both kinases in cancer, gaining a better understanding of their interplay could inform the design of novel anti-cancer strategies. While down-regulation of DNA repair genes in CDK12-targeted cancer cells is being explored therapeutically, little is known about mechanisms and significance of transcriptional induction upon inhibition of CDK12. We show that selective targeting of CDK12 in colon cancer-derived cells activates P-TEFb via its release from the inhibitory 7SK snRNP. In turn, P-TEFb stimulates Pol II pause release at thousands of genes, most of which become newly dependent on P-TEFb. Amongst the induced genes are those stimulated by hallmark pathways in cancer, including p53 and NF-κB. Consequently, CDK12-inhibited cancer cells exhibit hypersensitivity to inhibitors of P-TEFb. While blocking P-TEFb triggers their apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner, it impedes cell proliferation irrespective of p53 by preventing induction of genes downstream of the DNA damage-induced NF-κB signaling. In summary, stimulation of Pol II pause release at the signal-responsive genes underlies the functional dependence of CDK12-inhibited cancer cells on P-TEFb. Our study establishes the mechanistic underpinning for combinatorial targeting of CDK12 with either P-TEFb or the induced oncogenic pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Samu V Himanen
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi M Haikala
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Caroline C Friedel
- Institute of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Anniina Vihervaara
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matjaž Barborič
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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6
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Xie J, Kuriakose T, Bianski B, Twarog N, Savage E, Xu K, Zhu X, He C, Hansen B, Wang H, High A, Li Y, Rehg JE, Tillman HS, Freeman BB, Rankovic Z, Onar-Thomas A, Fan Y, Wu G, Peng J, Miller S, Baker SJ, Shelat AA, Tinkle CL. ATM inhibition enhances the efficacy of radiation across distinct molecular subgroups of pediatric high-grade glioma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1828-1841. [PMID: 36971093 PMCID: PMC10547515 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is largely incurable and accounts for most brain tumor-related deaths in children. Radiation is a standard therapy, yet the benefit from this treatment modality is transient, and most children succumb to disease within 2 years. Recent large-scale genomic studies suggest that pHGG has alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that induce resistance to DNA damaging agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential and molecular consequences of combining radiation with selective DDR inhibition in pHGG. METHODS We conducted an unbiased screen in pHGG cells that combined radiation with clinical candidates targeting the DDR and identified the ATM inhibitor AZD1390. Subsequently, we profiled AZD1390 + radiation in an extensive panel of early passage pHGG cell lines, mechanistically characterized response to the combination in vitro in sensitive and resistant cells and evaluated the combination in vivo using TP53 wild-type and TP53 mutant orthotopic xenografts. RESULTS AZD1390 significantly potentiated radiation across molecular subgroups of pHGG by increasing mutagenic nonhomologous end joining and augmenting genomic instability. In contrast to previous reports, ATM inhibition significantly improved the efficacy of radiation in both TP53 wild-type and TP53 mutant isogenic cell lines and distinct orthotopic xenograft models. Furthermore, we identified a novel mechanism of resistance to AZD1390 + radiation that was marked by an attenuated ATM pathway response which dampened sensitivity to ATM inhibition and induced synthetic lethality with ATR inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the clinical evaluation of AZD1390 in combination with radiation in pediatric patients with HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Teneema Kuriakose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Brandon Bianski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Nathaniel Twarog
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Evan Savage
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Ke Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Chen He
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Baranda Hansen
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Anthony High
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Yuxin Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | | | - Burgess B Freeman
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Shared Resource, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Shondra Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Anang A Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Christopher L Tinkle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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7
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Mattioli R, Ilari A, Colotti B, Mosca L, Fazi F, Colotti G. Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines in cancers: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101205. [PMID: 37515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines have been important and effective treatments against a number of cancers since their discovery. However, their use in therapy has been complicated by severe side effects and toxicity that occur during or after treatment, including cardiotoxicity. The mode of action of anthracyclines is complex, with several mechanisms proposed. It is possible that their high toxicity is due to the large set of processes involved in anthracycline action. The development of resistance is a major barrier to successful treatment when using anthracyclines. This resistance is based on a series of mechanisms that have been studied and addressed in recent years. This work provides an overview of the anthracyclines used in cancer therapy. It discusses their mechanisms of activity, toxicity, and chemoresistance, as well as the approaches used to improve their activity, decrease their toxicity, and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Priya B, Dubey G, Kirubakaran S. Exploring SPK98 for the Selective Sensitization of ATM- or P53-Deficient Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4954-4962. [PMID: 36777575 PMCID: PMC9909806 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Frequent mutation in the ATM/P53 signaling pathway has been documented in many human cancers. Reportedly, cancer cells with deficient P53/ATM pathways depend on functional Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein for survival. This has prompted research in developing ATR inhibitors for the selective sensitization of cancer cells that are P53/ATM-deficient, but no clinical success has been attained thus far. This study explores the therapeutic potential of SPK98, an analogue of Torin2 in P53- and ATM-deficient cancer cells. Furthermore, the prospect of improving the therapeutic outcome of the genotoxic agent was also explored. SPK98 was shown to inhibit full-length human ATR protein purified from HEK293T cells. Cellular investigation using SPK98 demonstrated that it selectively sensitizes P53- and ATM-deficient cells at low concentrations compared to P53-/ATM-proficient cells. Furthermore, SPK98 drives the cancer cells toward cell death by promoting the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. Taken together, our findings suggest that SPK98 is a promising therapeutic molecule for P53- or ATM-deficient malignancy that merits additional preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Priya
- Discipline
of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Gurudutt Dubey
- Discipline
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Sivapriya Kirubakaran
- Discipline
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
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9
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Miser-Salihoglu E, Demokan S, Karanlik H, Karahalil B, Önder S, Cömert S, Yardim-Akaydin S. Investigation of mRNA Expression Levels of Tip60 and Related DNA Repair Genes in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:125-134. [PMID: 36463002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies in breast cancer (BC) have been shown that many tumor cells carry mutations that disrupt the DNA damage response mechanism. In eukaryotic cells, the overexpression or deprivation of DSBs repair genes is linked closely to a higher risk of cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, mRNA expression levels of some genes, such as Tip60, ATM, p53, CHK2, BRCA1, H2AX, which are associated with DNA damage repair, were measured using RT-PCR method in tumor and matched-normal tissues of 58 patients with BC. RESULTS According to the study results, 55% in Tip60, 59% in ATM, 57% in BRCA1, 48% in H2AX, 66% in CHK2, and 43% in p53 decreased in tumor tissue of patients compared to the matched normal tissue. When evaluated according to molecular subtypes, expression of all genes in the pathway was found significantly higher in normal tissues than in tumor tissues especially in Luminal B and Luminal B+HER2 groups. One of the most important results of the study is that CHK2 mRNA expressions in normal tissues were higher than tumor tissue in 90% of patients in Luminal B and Luminal B-HER2 + groups. This is the first study showing DNA repair genes' expressions in molecular subtypes of breast cancer. In general, the decrease in the expression of DNA damage repair genes in tumor tissue indicates that these genes may have a role in the development of BC. Our study results also suggest that CHK2 may be a candidate marker in the molecular classification of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Miser-Salihoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Semra Demokan
- Department of Basic Oncology, Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Karanlik
- Department of Surgery, Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bensu Karahalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semen Önder
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevde Cömert
- Department of Basic Oncology, Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Yardim-Akaydin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Tozaki Y, Aoki H, Kato R, Toriuchi K, Arame S, Inoue Y, Hayashi H, Kubota E, Kataoka H, Aoyama M. The Combination of ATM and Chk1 Inhibitors Induces Synthetic Lethality in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030735. [PMID: 36765693 PMCID: PMC9913148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities induce the DNA damage response (DDR), which enables DNA repair at cell cycle checkpoints. Although the DDR is thought to function in preventing the onset and progression of cancer, DDR-related proteins are also thought to contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and drug resistance by preventing irreparable genomic abnormalities from inducing cell death. In the present study, the combination of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated serine/threonine kinase (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibition exhibited synergistic antitumor effects and induced synergistic lethality in colorectal cancer cells at a low dose. The ATM and Chk1 inhibitors synergistically promoted the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 by decreasing the phosphorylation levels of T14 and Y15. Furthermore, the combined treatment increased the number of sub-G1-stage cells, phospho-histone H2A.X-positive cells, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells among colon cancer cells, suggesting that the therapy induces apoptosis. Finally, the combined treatment exhibited a robust antitumor activity in syngeneic tumor model mice. These findings should contribute to the development of new treatments for colorectal cancer that directly exploit the genomic instability of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tozaki
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Rina Kato
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kohki Toriuchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Saki Arame
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-836-3451
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11
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de Campos Nebel M, Palmitelli M, Pérez Maturo J, González-Cid M. Alternative end-joining originates stable chromosome aberrations induced by etoposide during targeted inhibition of DNA-PKcs in ATM-deficient tumor cells. Chromosome Res 2022; 30:459-476. [PMID: 35604590 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-022-09700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ATM and DNA-PKcs coordinate the DNA damage response at multiple levels following the exposure to chemotherapy. The Topoisomerase II poison etoposide (ETO) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), but it is responsible from the chromosomal rearrangements frequently found in therapy-related secondary tumors. Targeted inhibition of DNA-PKcs in ATM-defective tumors combined with radio- or chemotherapy has been proposed as relevant therapies. Here, we explored the DNA repair mechanisms and the genetic consequences of targeting the non-oncogenic addiction to DNA-PKcs of ATM-defective tumor cells after exposure to ETO. We demonstrated that chemical inhibition of DNA-PKcs followed by treatment with ETO resulted in the accumulation of chromatid breaks and decreased mitotic index in both A-T cells and ATM-knocked-down (ATMkd) tumor cells. The HR repair process in DNA-PKcs-inhibited ATMkd cells amplified the RAD51 foci number, with no correlated increase in sister chromatid exchanges. The analysis of post-mitotic DNA lesions presented an augmented number of persistent unresolved DSB, without alterations in the cell cycle progression. Long-term examination of chromosome aberrations revealed a strikingly high number of chromatid and chromosome exchanges. By using genetic and pharmacological abrogation of PARP-1, we demonstrated that alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) repair pathway is responsible for those chromosome abnormalities generated by limiting c-NHEJ activities during directed inhibition of DNA-PKcs in ATM-deficient cells. Targeting the non-oncogenic addiction to DNA-PKcs of ATM-defective tumors stimulates the DSB repair by alt-EJ, which is liable for the origin of cells carrying stable chromosome aberrations that may eventually restrict the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Campos Nebel
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Micaela Palmitelli
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Pérez Maturo
- Programa de Medicina de Precisión Y Genómica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas,, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Pilar, Argentina
- Consultorio Y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Neurología "José María Ramos Mejía" Y División Neurología, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires,, Argentina
| | - Marcela González-Cid
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Nuclear Proteomics of Induced Leukemia Cell Differentiation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203221. [PMID: 36291090 PMCID: PMC9600443 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of induced granulocytic differentiation help to reveal molecular mechanisms of cell maturation. The nuclear proteome represents a rich source of regulatory molecules, including transcription factors (TFs). It is important to have an understanding of molecular perturbations at the early stages of the differentiation processes. By applying the proteomic quantitative profiling using isobaric labeling, we found that the contents of 214, 319, 376, 426, and 391 proteins were altered at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 72 h, respectively, compared to 0 h in the HL-60 cell nuclear fraction under all-trans-retinoid acid (ATRA) treatment. From 1860 identified nuclear proteins, 231 proteins were annotated as proteins with transcription factor (TF) activity. Six TFs (RREB1, SRCAP, CCDC124, TRIM24, BRD7, and BUD31) were downregulated and three TFs EWSR1, ENO1, and FUS were upregulated at early time points (3–12 h) after ATRA treatment. Bioinformatic annotation indicates involvement of the HL-60 nuclear proteome in DNA damage recognition in the RUNX1-triggered pathway, and in the p53-regulation pathway. By applying scheduled multiple reaction monitoring using stable isotopically labeled peptide standards (MRM/SIS), we found a persistent increase in the content of the following proteins: PRAM1, CEPBP, RBPJ, and HIC1 in the HL-60 cell nuclear fraction during ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation. In the case of STAT1, CASP3, PARP1, and PRKDC proteins, a transient increase in their content was observed at early time points (3–12 h) after the ATRA treatment. Obtained data on nuclear proteome composition and dynamics during granulocytic differentiation could be beneficial for the development of new treatment approaches for leukemias with the mutated p53 gene.
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13
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Albarakati N, Al-Shareeda A, Ramadan M, Al-Sowayan B, Negm O, Nedjadi T. Interaction between HER2 and ATM predicts poor survival in bladder cancer patients. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4959-4973. [PMID: 36056635 PMCID: PMC9549494 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is considered one of the interesting prognostic biomarkers in bladder cancer. However, the mechanism of bladder cancer development in relation to HER2 status remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated HER2‐Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase interaction and their impact on patient survival and cancer aggressiveness. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts, we demonstrated that ATM expression (protein/mRNA) is increased in HER2 deficient compared with proficient HER2 patients. This finding was then validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). Correlation analysis (using low expression vs high expression as a discriminator) revealed a significant association of ATM low and HER2 high status with several clinicopathological variables such as high tumour grade, late disease stage and tumour shape. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that ATM low and HER2 high is a powerful prognosticator of both overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Furthermore, using bioinformatics and protein/protein interaction analyses, we identified 66 putative overlapping proteins with direct link between HER2 and ATM most of which are functionally involved in transcription regulation, apoptotic process and cell proliferation. Interestingly, the results showed that these proteins are strongly linked with PI3K‐Akt pathway, p53 pathway and microRNAs in cancer. Altogether, our data pinpoint an important biological role of the interconnection between HER2 and ATM. The latter appear to be an independent prognostic biomarker and may serve as targets to develop novel combination therapies to improve the outcome of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Albarakati
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Shareeda
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of the Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Ramadan
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Population Health Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batla Al-Sowayan
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola Negm
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Taoufik Nedjadi
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Gulliver C, Hoffmann R, Baillie GS. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinases as therapeutic targets and stratification indicators for prostate cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106230. [PMID: 35609768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response is an integral part of a cells' ability to maintain genomic integrity by responding to and ameliorating DNA damage, or initiating cell death for irrepairably damaged cells. This response is often hijacked by cancer cells to evade cell death allowing mutant cells to persist, as well as in the development of treatment resistance to DNA damaging agents such as chemotherapy and radiation. Prostate cancer (PCa) cells often exhibit alterations in DNA damage response genes including ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), correlating with aggressive disease phenotype. The recent success of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition has led to several clinically approved PARP inhibitors for the treatment of men with metastatic PCa, however a key limitation is the development of drug resistance and relapse. An alternative approach is selectively targeting ATM and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) which, due to their position at the forefront of the DDR, represent attractive pharmacological targets. ATR inhibition has been shown to act synergistically with PARP inhibition and other cancer treatments to enhance anti-tumour activity. ATM-deficiency is a common characteristic of PCa and a synthetic lethal relationship exists between ATM and ATR, with ATR inhibition inducing selective cell death in ATM-deficient PCa cells. The current research highlights the feasibility of therapeutically targeting ATR in ATM-deficient prostate tumours and in combination with other treatments to enhance overall efficacy and reduce therapeutic resistance. ATM also represents an important molecular biomarker to stratify patients into targeted treatment groups and aid prognosis for personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Gulliver
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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15
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Perspective on the Use of DNA Repair Inhibitors as a Tool for Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071821. [PMID: 35406593 PMCID: PMC8997380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current routine treatment for glioblastoma (GB), the most lethal high-grade brain tumor in adults, aims to induce DNA damage in the tumor. However, the tumor cells might be able to repair that damage, which leads to therapy resistance. Fortunately, DNA repair defects are common in GB cells, and their survival is often based on a sole backup repair pathway. Hence, targeted drugs inhibiting essential proteins of the DNA damage response have gained momentum and are being introduced in the clinic. This review gives a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting DDR kinases for imaging in order to determine the DNA repair phenotype of GB, as well as for effective radionuclide therapy. Finally, four new promising radiopharmaceuticals are suggested with the potential to lead to a more personalized GB therapy. Abstract Despite numerous innovative treatment strategies, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains challenging. With the current state-of-the-art therapy, most GB patients succumb after about a year. In the evolution of personalized medicine, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is gaining momentum, for example, to stratify patients based on specific biomarkers. One of these biomarkers is deficiencies in DNA damage repair (DDR), which give rise to genomic instability and cancer initiation. However, these deficiencies also provide targets to specifically kill cancer cells following the synthetic lethality principle. This led to the increased interest in targeted drugs that inhibit essential DDR kinases (DDRi), of which multiple are undergoing clinical validation. In this review, the current status of DDRi for the treatment of GB is given for selected targets: ATM/ATR, CHK1/2, DNA-PK, and PARP. Furthermore, this review provides a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting these DDR kinases to (1) evaluate the DNA repair phenotype of GB before treatment decisions are made and (2) induce DNA damage via TRT. Finally, by applying in-house selection criteria and analyzing the structural characteristics of the DDRi, four drugs with the potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals are suggested.
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16
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Dylgjeri E, Knudsen KE. DNA-PKcs: A Targetable Protumorigenic Protein Kinase. Cancer Res 2022; 82:523-533. [PMID: 34893509 PMCID: PMC9306356 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a pleiotropic protein kinase that plays critical roles in cellular processes fundamental to cancer. DNA-PKcs expression and activity are frequently deregulated in multiple hematologic and solid tumors and have been tightly linked to poor outcome. Given the potentially influential role of DNA-PKcs in cancer development and progression, therapeutic targeting of this kinase is being tested in preclinical and clinical settings. This review summarizes the latest advances in the field, providing a comprehensive discussion of DNA-PKcs functions in cancer and an update on the clinical assessment of DNA-PK inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Dylgjeri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E. Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Author: Karen E. Knudsen, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1050, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Phone: 215-503-5692; E-mail:
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17
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SHMT2 inhibition disrupts the TCF3 transcriptional survival program in Burkitt lymphoma. Blood 2022; 139:538-553. [PMID: 34624079 PMCID: PMC8938936 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive lymphoma type that is currently treated by intensive chemoimmunotherapy. Despite the favorable clinical outcome for most patients with BL, chemotherapy-related toxicity and disease relapse remain major clinical challenges, emphasizing the need for innovative therapies. Using genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we identified B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, specific transcriptional regulators, and one-carbon metabolism as vulnerabilities in BL. We focused on serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2), a key enzyme in one-carbon metabolism. Inhibition of SHMT2 by either knockdown or pharmacological compounds induced anti-BL effects in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SHMT2 inhibition led to a significant reduction of intracellular glycine and formate levels, which inhibited the mTOR pathway and thereby triggered autophagic degradation of the oncogenic transcription factor TCF3. Consequently, this led to a collapse of tonic BCR signaling, which is controlled by TCF3 and is essential for BL cell survival. In terms of clinical translation, we also identified drugs such as methotrexate that synergized with SHMT inhibitors. Overall, our study has uncovered the dependency landscape in BL, identified and validated SHMT2 as a drug target, and revealed a mechanistic link between SHMT2 and the transcriptional master regulator TCF3, opening up new perspectives for innovative therapies.
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18
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An ATM/CHK2 Signaling Pathway Induces Nuclear Translocation of SRPK2 in Cisplatin-Treated HeLa Cells. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents are frequently used to treat various cancers, but the mechanisms mediating the cellular response to the drugs are still not fully understood. We previously reported that the nuclear translocation of serine/arginine protein kinases (SRPKs), triggered by the exposure of cells to DNA damage-inducers, plays a pivotal role in drug responsiveness. Here, we investigated the mechanism linking the nuclear accumulation of SRPK2 to the cisplatin treatment of HeLa cells. We present experimental evidence that nuclear SRPK2 acts downstream of Chk2 in the ATM/Chk2 cascade. The inhibition of ATM or Chk2 kinase activity by specific low-molecular-weight inhibitors restricted SRPK2 to the cytoplasm and conferred tolerance to cisplatin treatment. A similar effect was achieved by treating cells with SRPIN340, a selective SRPK1/2 inhibitor, thus confirming previous findings that kinase activity is indispensable for the nuclear import of SRPKs. These data add to previous findings that support a decisive role of SRPKs in coordinating cellular response to DNA damage.
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19
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Pan YH, Zhang JX, Chen X, Liu F, Cao JZ, Chen Y, Chen W, Luo JH. Predictive Value of the TP53/ PIK3CA/ ATM Mutation Classifier for Patients With Bladder Cancer Responding to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643282. [PMID: 34421886 PMCID: PMC8371040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only a proportion of patients with bladder cancer may benefit from durable response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. More precise indicators of response to immunotherapy are warranted. Our study aimed to construct a more precise classifier for predicting the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Methods This multi-cohort study examined the top 20 frequently mutated genes in five cohorts of patients with bladder cancer and developed the TP53/PIK3CA/ATM mutation classifier based on the MSKCC ICI cohort. The classifier was then validated in a validation set consisting of IMvigor210 cohort and Broad/Dana-Farber cohort. The molecular profile and immune infiltration characteristics in each subgroup as defined by this classifier were explored. Results Among all 881 patients with bladder cancer, the mutation frequency of TP53, PIK3CA, and ATM ranked in the top 20 mutated genes. The TP53/PIK3CA/ATM mutation classifier was constructed based on the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) ICI cohort and only showed predictive value for patients with bladder cancer who received ICI therapy (median overall survival: low-risk group, not reached; moderate-risk group, 13.0 months; high-risk group, 8.0 months; P<0.0001). Similar results were found in subgroups of MSKCC ICI cohort defined by tumor mutation burden. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the risk group defined by the classifier served as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with bladder cancer. Efficacy of the classifier was verified in a validation set consisting of IMvigor210 cohort and Broad/Dana-Farber cohort. Lower expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and less tumor immune infiltration were observed in the high-risk group than the other two groups of the TCGA cohort and the IMvigor210 cohort. Conclusion Our study constructed a TP53/PIK3CA/ATM mutation classifier to predict the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for patients with bladder cancer. This classifier can potentially complement the tumor mutation burden and guide clinical ICI treatment decisions according to distinct risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Pan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Zheng Cao
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hang Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Koneru B, Farooqi A, Nguyen TH, Chen WH, Hindle A, Eslinger C, Makena MR, Burrow TA, Wilson J, Smith A, Pilla Reddy V, Cadogan E, Durant ST, Reynolds CP. ALT neuroblastoma chemoresistance due to telomere dysfunction-induced ATM activation is reversible with ATM inhibitor AZD0156. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/607/eabd5750. [PMID: 34408079 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancers overcome replicative immortality by activating either telomerase or an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. ALT occurs in ~25% of high-risk neuroblastomas, and progression in patients with ALT neuroblastoma during or after front-line therapy is frequent and often fatal. Temozolomide + irinotecan is commonly used as salvage therapy for neuroblastoma. Patient-derived cell lines and xenografts established from patients with relapsed ALT neuroblastoma demonstrated de novo resistance to temozolomide + irinotecan [SN-38 in vitro, P < 0.05; in vivo mouse event-free survival (EFS), P < 0.0001] vs. telomerase-positive neuroblastomas. We observed that ALT neuroblastoma cells manifested constitutive ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation due to spontaneous telomere dysfunction which was not observed in telomerase-positive neuroblastoma cells. We demonstrated that induction of telomere dysfunction resulted in ATM activation that, in turn, conferred resistance to temozolomide + SN-38 (4.2-fold change in IC50, P < 0.001). ATM knockdown (shRNA) or inhibition using a clinical-stage small-molecule inhibitor (AZD0156) reversed resistance to temozolomide + irinotecan in ALT neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro (P < 0.001) and in four ALT xenografts in vivo (EFS, P < 0.0001). AZD0156 showed modest to no enhancement of temozolomide + irinotecan activity in telomerase-positive neuroblastoma cell lines and xenografts. Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibition using AZD6738 did not enhance temozolomide + SN-38 activity in ALT neuroblastoma cells. Thus, ALT neuroblastoma chemotherapy resistance occurs via ATM activation and is reversible with ATM inhibitor AZD0156. Combining AZD0156 with temozolomide + irinotecan warrants clinical testing for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishna Koneru
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ahsan Farooqi
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Thinh H Nguyen
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Wan Hsi Chen
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ashly Hindle
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Cody Eslinger
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Monish Ram Makena
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Trevor A Burrow
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Joanne Wilson
- Early Oncology, R&D AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Aaron Smith
- Early Oncology, R&D AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge SG8 6EE, UK
| | | | | | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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21
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Stucci LS, Internò V, Tucci M, Perrone M, Mannavola F, Palmirotta R, Porta C. The ATM Gene in Breast Cancer: Its Relevance in Clinical Practice. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050727. [PMID: 34068084 PMCID: PMC8152746 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular alterations of the Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) gene are frequently detected in breast cancer (BC), with an incidence ranging up to 40%. The mutated form, the Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene, is involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and telomere maintenance, and its role as a risk factor for cancer development is well established. Recent studies have confirmed that some variants of ATM are associated with an increased risk of BC development and a worse prognosis. Thus, many patients harboring ATM mutations develop intermediate- and high-grade disease, and there is a higher rate of lymph node metastatic involvement. The evidence concerning a correlation of ATM gene mutations and the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in BC management are controversial. In fact, ATM mutations may sensitize cancer cells to platinum-derived drugs, as BRCA1/2 mutations do, whereas their implications in objective responses to hormonal therapy or target-based agents are not well defined. Herein, we conducted a review of the role of ATM gene mutations in BC development, prognosis, and different treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Internò
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Marco Tucci
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
- National Cancer Research Center, Tumori Institute IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Perrone
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Sciences and Technologies of Laboratory Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Camillo Porta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
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22
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Liang S, Yu H. Revealing new therapeutic opportunities through drug target prediction: a class imbalance-tolerant machine learning approach. Bioinformatics 2021; 36:4490-4497. [PMID: 32399556 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION In silico drug target prediction provides valuable information for drug repurposing, understanding of side effects as well as expansion of the druggable genome. In particular, discovery of actionable drug targets is critical to developing targeted therapies for diseases. RESULTS Here, we develop a robust method for drug target prediction by leveraging a class imbalance-tolerant machine learning framework with a novel training scheme. We incorporate novel features, including drug-gene phenotype similarity and gene expression profile similarity that capture information orthogonal to other features. We show that our classifier achieves robust performance and is able to predict gene targets for new drugs as well as drugs that potentially target unexplored genes. By providing newly predicted drug-target associations, we uncover novel opportunities of drug repurposing that may benefit cancer treatment through action on either known drug targets or currently undrugged genes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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23
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Barnieh FM, Loadman PM, Falconer RA. Progress towards a clinically-successful ATR inhibitor for cancer therapy. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100017. [PMID: 34909652 PMCID: PMC8663972 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is now known to play an important role in both cancer development and its treatment. Targeting proteins such as ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related) kinase, a major regulator of DDR, has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment, with ATR inhibitors having shown anti-tumour activity not just as monotherapies, but also in potentiating the effects of conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. This review focuses on the biology of ATR, its functional role in cancer development and treatment, and the rationale behind inhibition of this target as a therapeutic approach, including evaluation of the progress and current status of development of potent and specific ATR inhibitors that have emerged in recent decades. The current applications of these inhibitors both in preclinical and clinical studies either as single agents or in combinations with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are also extensively discussed. This review concludes with some insights into the various concerns raised or observed with ATR inhibition in both the preclinical and clinical settings, with some suggested solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Barnieh
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Paul M. Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Robert A. Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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24
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Joko R, Yamada D, Nakamura M, Yoshida A, Takihira S, Takao T, Lu M, Sato K, Ito T, Kunisada T, Nakata E, Ozaki T, Takarada T. PRRX1 promotes malignant properties in human osteosarcoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100960. [PMID: 33395745 PMCID: PMC7726447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PRRX1 is a poor-prognosis marker of human osteosarcoma. PRRX1 promotes proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance in human osteosarcoma. Forskolin was identified using RNA expression signatures of PRRX1 knockdown. Forskolin decreased proliferation and migration in human osteosarcoma.
Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is a marker of limb bud mesenchymal cells, and deficiency of p53 or Rb in Prrx1-positive cells induces osteosarcoma in several mouse models. However, the regulatory roles of PRRX1 in human osteosarcoma have not been defined. In this study, we performed PRRX1 immunostaining on 35 human osteosarcoma specimens to assess the correlation between PRRX1 level and overall survival. In patients with osteosarcoma, the expression level of PRRX1 positively correlated with poor prognosis or the ratio of lung metastasis. Additionally, we found PRRX1 expression on in 143B cells, a human osteosarcoma line with a high metastatic capacity. Downregulation of PRRX1 not only suppressed proliferation and invasion but also increased the sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. When 143B cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice, PRRX1 knockdown decreased tumor sizes and rates of lung metastasis. Interestingly, forskolin, a chemical compound identified by Connectivity Map analysis using RNA expression signatures during PRRX1 knockdown, decreased tumor proliferation and cell migration to the same degree as PRRX1 knockdown. These results demonstrate that PRRX1 promotes tumor malignancy in human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Joko
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Aki Yoshida
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shota Takihira
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ito
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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25
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Characterization of SPK 98, a Torin2 analog, as ATR and mTOR dual kinase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127517. [PMID: 32911078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of Torin2, a second-generation ATP-competitive inhibitor, analogues were biologically characterized to identify their potential for ATR and mTOR kinase inhibition. Compound SPK 98 was observed to inhibit ATR/mTOR kinase selectively over ATM kinase in HCT 116 cell line. In addition to that, SPK 98 on 30 min incubation with human, mice and rat liver microsomes showed improved properties with an increased half-life (a maximum T ½ of 157 min) and internal clearance in mouse as compared to Torin2. Further, SPK 98 was also noticed to indulge in inducing premature chromatin condensation as a result of ATR/mTOR kinase inhibition at 50 nM. In a nutshell, our work presents the identification and characterization of SPK 98, a small molecule inhibitor, which exhibits improved specific inhibition for ATR at a lower concentration than Torin2.
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26
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Abstract
Cancer cells die when their decimated DNA damage response (DDR) unsuccessfully handles DNA damage. This notion has been successfully exploited when targeting PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) in homologous recombination-deficient cells. With the greater understanding of DDR achieved in the last decade, new cancer therapy targets within the DDR network have been identified. Intriguingly, many of the molecules that have advanced into clinical trials are inhibitors of DDR kinases. This special issue is devoted to discussing the mechanism of cell killing and the level of success that such inhibitors have reached in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Gottifredi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Carrassa L, Colombo I, Damia G, Bertoni F. Targeting the DNA damage response for patients with lymphoma: Preclinical and clinical evidences. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 90:102090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Dong Q, Zhou C, Ren H, Zhang Z, Cheng F, Xiong Z, Chen C, Yang J, Gao J, Zhang Y, Xu L, Fang J, Cao Y, Wei H, Wu Z. Lactate-induced MRP1 expression contributes to metabolism-based etoposide resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:167. [PMID: 33097055 PMCID: PMC7583203 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming contributes significantly to tumor development and is tightly linked to drug resistance. The chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (VP-16) has been used clinically in the treatment of lung cancer but possess different sensitivity and efficacy towards SCLC and NSCLC. Here, we assessed the impact of etoposide on glycolytic metabolism in SCLC and NSCLC cell lines and investigated the role of metabolic rewiring in mediating etoposide resistance. METHODS glycolytic differences of drug-treated cancer cells were determined by extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), glucose consumption, lactate production and western blot. DNA damage was evaluated by the comet assay and western blot. Chemoresistant cancer cells were analyzed by viability, apoptosis and western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used for analysis of DNA-protein interaction. RESULTS Here we showed that exposure to chemotherapeutic drug etoposide induces an exacerbation of ROS production which activates HIF-1α-mediated the metabolic reprogramming toward increased glycolysis and lactate production in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We identified lactic acidosis as the key that confers multidrug resistance through upregulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1, encoded by ABCC1), a member of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. Mechanistically, lactic acid coordinates TGF-β1/Snail and TAZ/AP-1 pathway to induce formation of Snail/TAZ/AP-1 complex at the MRP1/ABCC1 promoter. Induction of MRP1 expression inhibits genotoxic and apoptotic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs by increasing drug efflux. Furthermore, titration of lactic acid with NaHCO3 was sufficient to overcome resistance. CONCLUSIONS The chemotherapeutic drug etoposide induces the shift toward aerobic glycolysis in the NSCLC rather than SCLC cell lines. The increased lactic acid in extracellular environment plays important role in etoposide resistance through upregulation of MRP expression. These data provide first evidence for the increased lactate production, upon drug treatment, contributes to adaptive resistance in NSCLC and reveal potential vulnerabilities of lactate metabolism and/or pathway suitable for therapeutic targeting. Video Abstract The chemotherapeutic drug etoposide induces metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis in the NSCLC cells. The secreted lactic acid coordinates TGF-β1/Snail and TAZ/AP-1 pathway to activate the expression of MRP1/ABCC1 protein, thus contributing to chemoresistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Anhui Province Key laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Chenkang Zhou
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Anhui provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,School of laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Haodong Ren
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Anhui provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,School of pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Anhui Province Key laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Anhui Province Key laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Zhenkai Xiong
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Chuantao Chen
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Jianke Yang
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Jiguang Gao
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Jian Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Yuxiang Cao
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,School of laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Huijun Wei
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Anhui Province Key laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Anhui provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Research laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China. .,Anhui Province Key laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China. .,School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.
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29
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Song J, Yu J, Jeong LS, Lee SK. A Novel cytarabine analog evokes synthetic lethality by targeting MK2 in p53-deficient cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:54-65. [PMID: 33075425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most nucleoside anticancer drugs show a primary resistance to p53-deficient or p53-mutated cancer cells and are limited in the clinic to the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, 2'-fluoro-4'-seleno-ara-C (F-Se-Ara-C), a new generation of cytarabine (Ara-C) analogs, exhibited potent antitumor activity against the p53-deficient prostate cancer cell line PC-3. The distinct activity of F-Se-Ara-C was achieved by targeting the synthetic lethal interaction between p53 and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2). MK2 is a checkpoint effector for DNA damage responses to drive cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in p53-deficient cancer cells. Therefore, targeting MK2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy that induces apoptosis for cancers deficient in p53. F-Se-Ara-C effectively induced anti-prostate cancer activity in vitro and in vivo by inhibition of MK2 activation in p53-deficient prostate cancer cells. Moreover, combining F-Se-Ara-C with cabozantinib, an anticancer drug currently in clinical use, induced synergistic antitumor activity in p53-deficient prostate cancer cells. Taken together, these data show that F-Se-Ara-C may become great anticancer drug candidate with its unique mechanism of action for overcoming the apoptotic resistance of p53-deficient cells by targeting the synthetic lethal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinha Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Bröckelmann PJ, de Jong MRW, Jachimowicz RD. Targeting DNA Repair, Cell Cycle, and Tumor Microenvironment in B Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102287. [PMID: 33066395 PMCID: PMC7602196 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA double-strand break (DSB) is the most cytotoxic lesion and compromises genome stability. In an attempt to efficiently repair DSBs, cells activate ATM kinase, which orchestrates the DNA damage response (DDR) by activating cell cycle checkpoints and initiating DSB repair pathways. In physiological B cell development, however, programmed DSBs are generated as intermediates for effective immune responses and the maintenance of genomic integrity. Disturbances of these pathways are at the heart of B cell lymphomagenesis. Here, we review the role of DNA repair and cell cycle control on B cell development and lymphomagenesis. In addition, we highlight the intricate relationship between the DDR and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Lastly, we provide a clinical perspective by highlighting treatment possibilities of defective DDR signaling and the TME in mantle cell lymphoma, which serves as a blueprint for B cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Bröckelmann
- Max Planck Research Group Mechanisms of DNA Repair, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathilde R. W. de Jong
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron D. Jachimowicz
- Max Planck Research Group Mechanisms of DNA Repair, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)221-37970-580
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31
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Huang TT, Brill E, Nair JR, Zhang X, Wilson KM, Chen L, Thomas CJ, Lee JM. Targeting the PI3K/mTOR Pathway Augments CHK1 Inhibitor-Induced Replication Stress and Antitumor Activity in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5380-5392. [PMID: 32998994 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in industrialized countries and has limited treatment options. Targeting ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related/cell-cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-mediated S-phase and G2-M-phase cell-cycle checkpoints has been a promising therapeutic strategy in HGSOC. To improve the efficacy of CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i), we conducted a high-throughput drug combination screening in HGSOC cells. PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors (PI3K/mTORi) showed supra-additive cytotoxicity with CHK1i. Combined treatment with CHK1i and PI3K/mTORi significantly attenuated cell viability and increased DNA damage, chromosomal breaks, and mitotic catastrophe compared with monotherapy. PI3K/mTORi decelerated fork speed by promoting new origin firing via increased CDC45, thus potentiating CHK1i-induced replication stress. PI3K/mTORi also augmented CHK1i-induced DNA damage by attenuating DNA homologous recombination repair activity and RAD51 foci formation. High expression of replication stress markers was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HGSOC. Our findings indicate that combined PI3K/mTORi and CHK1i induces greater cell death in HGSOC cells and in vivo models by causing lethal replication stress and DNA damage. This insight can be translated therapeutically by further developing combinations of PI3K and cell-cycle pathway inhibitors in HGSOC. SIGNIFICANCE: Dual inhibition of CHK1 and PI3K/mTOR pathways yields potent synthetic lethality by causing lethal replication stress and DNA damage in HGSOC, warranting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Ethan Brill
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jayakumar R Nair
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kelli M Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lu Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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Völkel G, Laban S, Fürstberger A, Kühlwein SD, Ikonomi N, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C, Neuberg DS, Gaidzik V, Döhner H, Kraus JM, Kestler HA. Analysis, identification and visualization of subgroups in genomics. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5909009. [PMID: 32954413 PMCID: PMC8138884 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease involving multiple somatic mutations that accumulate during its progression. In the past years, the wide availability of genomic data from patients’ samples opened new perspectives in the analysis of gene mutations and alterations. Hence, visualizing and further identifying genes mutated in massive sets of patients are nowadays a critical task that sheds light on more personalized intervention approaches. Results Here, we extensively review existing tools for visualization and analysis of alteration data. We compare different approaches to study mutual exclusivity and sample coverage in large-scale omics data. We complement our review with the standalone software AVAtar (‘analysis and visualization of alteration data’) that integrates diverse aspects known from different tools into a comprehensive platform. AVAtar supplements customizable alteration plots by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for subset identification and provides an innovative and user-friendly interface for the evaluation of concurrent solutions. A use case from personalized medicine demonstrates its unique features showing an application on vaccination target selection. Availability AVAtar is available at: https://github.com/sysbio-bioinf/avatar Contact hans.kestler@uni-ulm.de, phone: +49 (0) 731 500 24 500, fax: +49 (0) 731 500 24 502
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Verena Gaidzik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
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File DM, Morgan KP, Khagi S. Durable Near-Complete Response to Olaparib Plus Temozolomide and Radiation in a Patient With ATM-Mutated Glioblastoma and MSH6-Deficient Lynch Syndrome. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:PO.20.00112. [PMID: 32923878 PMCID: PMC7446372 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. File
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katherine P. Morgan
- University of North Carolina Medical Center and University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Simon Khagi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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Armstrong SA, Schultz CW, Azimi-Sadjadi A, Brody JR, Pishvaian MJ. ATM Dysfunction in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and Associated Therapeutic Implications. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 18:1899-1908. [PMID: 31676541 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal solid malignancies with very few therapeutic options to treat advanced or metastatic disease. The utilization of genomic sequencing has identified therapeutically relevant alterations in approximately 25% of PDAC patients, most notably in the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes, rendering cancer cells more sensitive to DNA-damaging agents and to DNA damage response inhibitors, such as PARP inhibitors. ATM is one of the most commonly mutated DDR genes, with somatic mutations identified in 2% to 18% of PDACs and germline mutations identified in 1% to 34% of PDACs. ATM plays a complex role as a cell-cycle checkpoint kinase, regulator of a wide array of downstream proteins, and responder to DNA damage for genome stability. The disruption of ATM signaling leads to downstream reliance on ATR and CHK1, among other DNA-repair mechanisms, which may enable exploiting the inhibition of downstream proteins as therapeutic targets in ATM-mutated PDACs. In this review, we detail the function of ATM, review the current data on ATM deficiency in PDAC, examine the therapeutic implications of ATM alterations, and explore the current clinical trials surrounding the ATM pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Armstrong
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Christopher W Schultz
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ariana Azimi-Sadjadi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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35
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CD147 promotes DNA damage response and gemcitabine resistance via targeting ATM/ATR/p53 and affects prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:62-70. [PMID: 32456796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of chemoresistance is a major clinical challenge for pancreatic cancer (PC) treatment. Chemoresistance is largely attributed to aberrant DNA damage repair. However, the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Here, we showed that CD147 was strongly correlated to DNA damage response (DDR) indices and poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. CD147 knockdown or monoclonal antibodies improved the killing effects of gemcitabine in gemcitabine resistant cells, exhibiting reduced activation of ATM/p53. Moreover, we found the interaction of CD147 with ATM, ATR and p53, which was augmented in gemcitabine resistant cells. High CD147/p-ATM/p-ATR/p-p53 cytoplasmic expression associated with poor survival of PC patients. Our studies thus identify CD147 as a critical player in DDR programing that affects gemcitabine therapeutic outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients.
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36
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Yin M, Grivas P, Wang QE, Mortazavi A, Emamekhoo H, Holder SL, Drabick JJ, Woo MSA, Pal S, Vasekar M, Folefac E, Clinton SK, Monk P, Joshi M. Prognostic Value of DNA Damage Response Genomic Alterations in Relapsed/Advanced Urothelial Cancer. Oncologist 2020; 25:680-688. [PMID: 32275806 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage response (DDR) genomic alterations may play an important role in clinical outcomes of patients with urothelial cancer (UC). However, data on the prognostic role of DDR gene alterations in patients with advanced UC remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected data of three independent patient cohorts with relapsed or advanced UC including 81 and 91 patients from four institutions who underwent FoundationOne genomic sequencing as well as 129 patients selected from The Cancer Genome Atlas bladder cohort. Fisher's exact test was used to determine differences of mutation frequency among the three cohorts. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Overall survival (OS) was measured from time of initial diagnosis and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. RESULTS DDR genomic alterations were present in 76.5% (62/81), 40.7% (37/91), and 51.2% (66/129) of the three cohorts. ATM alterations consistently correlated with significantly shorter OS, whereas other DDR alterations (excluding ATM) were associated with better prognosis. In 152 patients treated with platinum pooled from the three cohorts, the prognostic value of alterations in ATM as compared with other predefined DDR genes was substantially different (ATM: adjusted HR [HR], 2.03; 95% CI, 1.03-4; p = .04; other DDR: adjusted HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31-0.8; p = .003). CONCLUSIONS Genomic alterations in ATM and other DDR genes may have opposite prognostic value in relapsed and/or advanced UC. ATM may have a complex role in UC progression. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Somatic mutations of DNA damage response (DDR) genes are frequently found in urothelial cancer and appear to play an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, treatment response, and outcomes. In a set of DDR genes, ATM alterations were associated with worse survival, while other alterations were associated with better survival in advanced urothelial cancer. The results of this study suggest a complex role of ATM in tumor progression and call for further studies to determine the underlying mechanisms and biomarker clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yin
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Petros Grivas
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hamid Emamekhoo
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edmund Folefac
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul Monk
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Monika Joshi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Handa K, Jindal R. Genotoxicity induced by hexavalent chromium leading to eryptosis in Ctenopharyngodon idellus. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125967. [PMID: 32069732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of eryptosis as a result of genotoxic action of Cr(VI), seen through micronucleus and comet assay in the peripheral erythrocytes of Ctenopharyngodon idellus was evaluated through RT-qPCR. For this, fish was exposed to sublethal concentration of hexavalent chromium (5.30 and 10.63 mg/L), and the blood was sampled on different endpoints (15, 30 and 45 days). Accumulation of chromium in the erythrocytes was also studied, which depicted a significant increase in toxicant concentration and time dependent manner. Both concentrations of hexavalent chromium induced DNA damage, visible in the form of comet tails. The presence of micronuclei in the erythrocytes was accompanied with occurrence of nuclear bud (NBu), lobed nucleus (Lb), notched nucleus (Nt), vacuolated nucleus (Vn), binucleated cell (Bn) as nuclear abnormalities; and acanthocytes (Ac), echinocytes (Ec), notched cells (Nc), microcytes (Mc) and vacuolated cytoplasm (Vc) as cytoplasmic abnormalities. The expression of genes related to intrinsic apoptotic pathway induced by Cr(VI) presented significant (p < 0.05) upregulation in the expression of p53, Bax, Apaf-1, caspase9 and caspase3, and downregulation of Bcl2; inferring the initiation of apoptotic pathway. The ration of Bax and Bcl2 also appended the apoptotic state of the erythrocytes. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that genotoxicity induced by hexavalent chromium lead to eryptosis in C. idellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Handa
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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38
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Alhmoud JF, Woolley JF, Al Moustafa AE, Malki MI. DNA Damage/Repair Management in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1050. [PMID: 32340362 PMCID: PMC7226105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is well recognized as a critical factor in cancer development and progression. DNA lesions create an abnormal nucleotide or nucleotide fragment, causing a break in one or both chains of the DNA strand. When DNA damage occurs, the possibility of generated mutations increases. Genomic instability is one of the most important factors that lead to cancer development. DNA repair pathways perform the essential role of correcting the DNA lesions that occur from DNA damaging agents or carcinogens, thus maintaining genomic stability. Inefficient DNA repair is a critical driving force behind cancer establishment, progression and evolution. A thorough understanding of DNA repair mechanisms in cancer will allow for better therapeutic intervention. In this review we will discuss the relationship between DNA damage/repair mechanisms and cancer, and how we can target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad F. Alhmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - John F. Woolley
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Liverpool University, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK;
| | | | - Mohammed Imad Malki
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P. O. Box 2713, Qatar;
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39
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Bruine de Bruin L, Schuuring E, de Bock GH, Slagter-Menkema L, Mastik MF, Noordhuis MG, Langendijk JA, Kluin PM, van der Laan BFAM. High pATM is Associated With Poor Local Control in Supraglottic Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy. Laryngoscope 2020; 130:1954-1960. [PMID: 32275333 PMCID: PMC7384019 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Most early stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) are treated with radiotherapy. Discovery of new biomarkers are needed to improve prediction of outcome after radiotherapy and to identify potential targets for systemic targeted therapy. The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene plays a critical role in DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation. Methods The prognostic value of immunohistochemical expression of pATM, pChk2, and p53 were investigated in 141 patients with T1‐T2 LSCC curatively treated with external beam radiotherapy. Uni‐ and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the relation between expression levels of markers and local control. Results Local control was significantly worse in cases with high levels of pATM (HR 2.14; 95% CI, 1.08–4.24; P = .03). No significant associations with local control were found for pChk2 and p53 expression. The association of high pATM expression with poor local control was only found for supraglottic LSCC (HR 10.9; 95% CI, 1.40–84.4; P = .02). Conclusion Our findings suggest a potential role for ATM in response to radiotherapy in early stage supraglottic LSCC and imply ATM inhibition as a possibility to improve response to radiotherapy. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 130: 1954–1960, 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Bruine de Bruin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorian Slagter-Menkema
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje G Noordhuis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip M Kluin
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Jette NR, Kumar M, Radhamani S, Arthur G, Goutam S, Yip S, Kolinsky M, Williams GJ, Bose P, Lees-Miller SP. ATM-Deficient Cancers Provide New Opportunities for Precision Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030687. [PMID: 32183301 PMCID: PMC7140103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are currently used in the treatment of several cancers carrying mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, with many more potential applications under study and in clinical trials. Here, we discuss the potential for extending PARP inhibitor therapies to tumours with deficiencies in the DNA damage-activated protein kinase, Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM). We highlight our recent findings that PARP inhibition alone is cytostatic but not cytotoxic in ATM-deficient cancer cells and that the combination of a PARP inhibitor with an ATR (ATM, Rad3-related) inhibitor is required to induce cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Jette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (N.R.J.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (G.J.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Mehul Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (N.R.J.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (G.J.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Suraj Radhamani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (N.R.J.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (G.J.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Greydon Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (N.R.J.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (G.J.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Siddhartha Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (N.R.J.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (G.J.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Steven Yip
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada;
| | - Michael Kolinsky
- Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Gareth J. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (N.R.J.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (G.J.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (N.R.J.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (G.J.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Susan P. Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (N.R.J.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (G.J.W.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
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41
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Lavin MF, Yeo AJ. Clinical potential of ATM inhibitors. Mutat Res 2020; 821:111695. [PMID: 32304909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The protein defective in the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia, ATM, plays a central role in responding to DNA double strand breaks and other lesions to protect the genome against DNA damage and in this way minimize the risk of mutations that can lead to abnormal cellular behaviour. Its function in normal cells is to protect the cell against genotoxic stress but inadvertently it can assist cancer cells by providing resistance against chemotherapeutic agents and thus favouring tumour growth and survival. However, it is now evident that ATM also functions in a DNA damage-independent fashion to protect the cell against other forms of stress such as oxidative and nutrient stress and this non-canonical mechanism may also be relevant to cancer susceptibility in individuals who lack a functional ATM gene. Thus the use of ATM inhibitors to combat resistance in tumours may extend beyond a role for this protein in the DNA damage response. Here, we provide some background on ATM and its activation and investigate the efficacy of ATM inhibitors in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Lavin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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42
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Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is involved in many cellular pathways. It has a key role in the cellular response to DNA damage, in the repair of DNA double-strand break (DNA-DSBs) and as a consequence an important role in maintaining genomic integrity. In addition, DNA-PK has been shown to modulate transcription, to be involved in the development of the immune system and to protect telomeres. These pleotropic involvements and the fact that its expression is de-regulated in cancer have made DNA-PK an intriguing therapeutic target in cancer therapy, especially when combined with agents causing DNA-DSBs such as topoisomerase II inhibitors and ionizing radiation. Different small molecule inhibitors of DNA-PK have been recently synthesized and some are now being tested in clinical trials. This review discusses what is known about DNA-PK, its role in tumor biology, DNA repair and cancer therapy and critically discusses its inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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43
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Lacombe J, Cretignier T, Meli L, Wijeratne EMK, Veuthey JL, Cuendet M, Gunatilaka AAL, Zenhausern F. Withanolide D Enhances Radiosensitivity of Human Cancer Cells by Inhibiting DNA Damage Non-homologous End Joining Repair Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1468. [PMID: 31970089 PMCID: PMC6960174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with surgery and chemotherapy, radiation therapy (RT) is an important modality in cancer treatment, and the development of radiosensitizers is a current key challenge in radiobiology to maximize RT efficiency. In this study, the radiosensitizing effect of a natural compound from the withanolide family, withanolide D (WD), was assessed. Clonogenic assays showed that a 1 h WD pretreatment (0.7 μM) before irradiation decreased the surviving fraction of several cancer cell lines. To determine the mechanisms by which WD achieved its radiosensitizing effect, we then assessed whether WD could promote radiation-induced DNA damages and inhibit double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair in SKOV3 cells. Comet and γH2AX/53BP1 foci formation assays confirmed that DSBs were higher between 1 and 24 h after 2 Gy-irradiation in WD-treated cells compared to vehicle-treated cells, suggesting that WD induced the persistence of radiation-induced DNA damages. Immunoblotting was then performed to investigate protein expression involved in DNA repair pathways. Interestingly, DNA-PKc, ATM, and their phosphorylated forms appeared to be inhibited 24 h post-irradiation in WD-treated samples. XRCC4 expression was also down-regulated while RAD51 expression did not change compared to vehicle-treated cells suggesting that only non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways was inhibited by WD. Mitotic catastrophe (MC) was then investigated in SKOV3, a p53-deficient cell line, to assess the consequence of such inhibition. MC was induced after irradiation and was predominant in WD-treated samples as shown by the few numbers of cells pursuing into anaphase and the increased amount of bipolar metaphasic cells. Together, these data demonstrated that WD could be a promising radiosensitizer candidate for RT by inhibiting NHEJ pathway and promoting MC. Additional studies are required to better understand its efficiency and mechanism of action in more relevant clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Titouan Cretignier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Meli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources & the Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources & the Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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44
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Kakihara Y, Kiguchi T, Ohazama A, Saeki M. R2TP/PAQosome as a promising chemotherapeutic target in cancer. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:38-42. [PMID: 31890057 PMCID: PMC6926247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
R2TP/PAQosome (particle for arrangement of quaternary structure) is a novel multisubunit chaperone specialized in the assembly/maturation of protein complexes that are involved in essential cellular processes such as PIKKs (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-like kinases) signaling, snoRNP (small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein) biogenesis, and RNAP II (RNA polymerase II) complex formation. In this review article, we describe the current understanding of R2TP/PAQosome functions and characteristics as well as how the chaperone complex is involved in oncogenesis, highlighting DNA damage response, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway as well as snoRNP biogenesis. Also, we discuss its possible involvement in HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) including OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma). Finally, we provide an overview of current anti-cancer drug development efforts targeting R2TP/PAQosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Kakihara
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kiguchi
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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45
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Liao X, Vavinskaya V, Sun K, Hao Y, Li X, Valasek M, Xu R, Polydorides AD, Houldsworth J, Harpaz N. Mutation profile of high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. Histopathology 2019; 76:461-469. [PMID: 31491041 DOI: 10.1111/his.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS High-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (HAMN) was recently proposed as a disease entity histologically analogous to low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN), but characterised by high-grade cytological atypia. The pathogenesis and clinical features of HAMN have not been fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine cases of HAMN, eight LAMN, 10 appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinomas (MACA) and five appendiceal serrated polyps resected between 2008 and 2017 contributed by three medical centres underwent targeted next-generation sequencing of 50 cancer-related genes. The patients in each category had similar profiles with respect to gender, age, tumour stage and follow-up intervals. Both LAMN and HAMN harboured mutations of KRAS [nine of nine and eight of eight (100%), respectively] and GNAS [five of eight (63%) and five of nine (56%), respectively] in significantly higher proportions than MACA [KRAS, seven of 10 (70%, P = 0.04); GNAS: one of 10 (10%, P = 0.02)] and serrated polyps [KRAS, one of five (20%, P = 0.0007); GNAS: none of five (0%, P = 0.04)]. Four cases of HAMN, but none of LAMN, harboured mutations of TP53 [four of nine (44%)] and/or ATM [two of nine (22%)]. Three cases of HAMN (33%) showed extra-appendiceal spread with retention of the same mutational profiles in the intra- and extra-appendiceal components. The 10 cases of MACA harboured a similar prevalence of TP53 mutations (n = 5, 50%) as HAMN but, unlike LAMN and HAMN, some harboured mutations in PIK3CA, APC, FBXW7, PTEN and SMAD4. CONCLUSIONS HAMN and LAMN share high rates of KRAS and GNAS co-mutations supporting a common histogenesis and distinguishing them from MACA. Acquisition of TP53 or ATM mutations by HAMN may drive its progression to a more advanced phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn Medical Center at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vera Vavinskaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yansheng Hao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn Medical Center at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Valasek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ruliang Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jane Houldsworth
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn Medical Center at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- Department of Medicine, Icahn Medical Center at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Rezaeian AH, Khanbabaei H, Calin GA. Therapeutic Potential of the miRNA-ATM Axis in the Management of Tumor Radioresistance. Cancer Res 2019; 80:139-150. [PMID: 31767626 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is widely known for its function as a chief mobilizer of the DNA damage response (DDR) upon DNA double-strand breaks. ATM orchestrates the DDR by modulating the expression of various miRNAs through several mechanisms. On the other hand, a set of miRNAs contribute to tight regulation of ATM by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region of ATM mRNA. This review addresses the therapeutic application and molecular mechanisms that underlie the intricate interactions between miRNAs and ATM. It also describes therapeutic delivery of miRNAs in different environments such as hypoxic tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - George A Calin
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and the Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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47
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Torgovnick A, Heger JM, Liaki V, Isensee J, Schmitt A, Knittel G, Riabinska A, Beleggia F, Laurien L, Leeser U, Jüngst C, Siedek F, Vogel W, Klümper N, Nolte H, Wittersheim M, Tharun L, Castiglione R, Krüger M, Schauss A, Perner S, Pasparakis M, Büttner R, Persigehl T, Hucho T, Herter-Sprie GS, Schumacher B, Reinhardt HC. The Cdkn1a SUPER Mouse as a Tool to Study p53-Mediated Tumor Suppression. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1027-1039.e6. [PMID: 30355482 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdkn1a, which encodes p21, functions as a major route for p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest. However, the consequence of Cdkn1a gene dosage on tumor suppression has not been systematically investigated. Here, we employed BAC transgenesis to generate a Cdkn1aSUPER mouse, which harbors an additional Cdkn1a allele within its natural genomic context. We show that these mice display enhanced cell-cycle arrest and reduced apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. Furthermore, using a chemically induced skin cancer model and an autochthonous Kras-driven lung adenocarcinoma model, we show that Cdkn1aSUPER mice display a cancer protection phenotype that is indistinguishable from that observed in Tp53SUPER animals. Moreover, we demonstrate that Tp53 and Cdkn1a cooperate in mediating cancer resistance, using a chemically induced fibrosarcoma model. Overall, our Cdkn1aSUPER allele enabled us to assess the contribution of Cdkn1a to Tp53-mediated tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Torgovnick
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jan Michel Heger
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Liaki
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gero Knittel
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arina Riabinska
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucie Laurien
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uschi Leeser
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Gubener Straße 39, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Siedek
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Vogel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23538 Lübeck and 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23538 Lübeck and 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Wittersheim
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Tharun
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberta Castiglione
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23538 Lübeck and 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 21, 50931 Cologne
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Grit Sophie Herter-Sprie
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 21, 50931 Cologne.
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 21, 50931 Cologne.
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Varela-López A, Battino M, Navarro-Hortal MD, Giampieri F, Forbes-Hernández TY, Romero-Márquez JM, Collado R, Quiles JL. An update on the mechanisms related to cell death and toxicity of doxorubicin and the protective role of nutrients. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110834. [PMID: 31577924 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), is a very effective chemotherapeutic agent against cancer whose clinical use is limited by toxicity. Different strategies have been proposed to attenuate toxicity, including combined therapy with bioactive compounds. This review update mechanisms of action and toxicity of doxorubicin and the role of nutrients like vitamins (A, C, E), minerals (selenium) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Protective activities against DOX toxicity in liver, kidney, skin, bone marrow, testicles or brain have been reported, but these have not been evaluated for all of the reviewed nutrients. In most cases oxidation-related effects were present either, by reducing ROS levels and/or increasing antioxidant defenses. Antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are also commonly reported. In some cases, interferences with autophagy and calcium homeostasis also have shown to be affected. Notwithstanding, there is a wide variety in duration and doses of treatment tested for both, compounds and DOX, which make difficult to compare the results of the studies. In spite of the reduction of DOX cardiotoxicity in health models, DOX anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines or xenograft models usually did not result compromised when this has been evaluated. Importantly, clinical studies are needed to confirm all the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche Ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez, Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Nutrition and Food Science Group. Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche Ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez, Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group. Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Collado
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Chen Y, Chen G, Li J, Huang YY, Li Y, Lin J, Chen LZ, Lu JP, Wang YQ, Wang CX, Pan LK, Xia XF, Yi X, Chen CB, Zheng XW, Guo ZQ, Pan JJ. Association of Tumor Protein p53 and Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Comutation With Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Mortality in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1911895. [PMID: 31539077 PMCID: PMC6755545 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can elicit durable antitumor responses in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but only 20% to 25% of patients respond to treatment. As important genes in the DNA damage response pathway, comutation in the tumor protein p53 (TP53) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) genes may be associated with genomic instability and hypermutation. However, the prevalence of TP53 and ATM comutation and its association with response to ICIs are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of the TP53 and ATM comutation, the potential mechanism, and its association with response to ICIs among patients with NSCLC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multiple-cohort study included patients with NSCLC from the Geneplus Institute, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) databases and from the POPLAR and OAK randomized controlled trials. Samples in the Geneplus cohort were collected and analyzed from April 30, 2015, through February 28, 2019. Data from TCGA, the MSKCC, and the POPLAR and OAK cohorts were obtained on January 1, 2019, and analyzed from January 1 to April 10, 2019. Next-generation sequencing assays were performed on tumor samples by the Geneplus Institute. Genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data were obtained from TCGA and MSKCC databases. EXPOSURES Comprehensive genetic profiling was performed to determine the prevalence of TP53 and ATM comutation and its association with prognosis and response to ICIs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcomes were TP53 and ATM comutation frequency, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, gene set enrichment analysis, and immune profile in NSCLC. RESULTS Patients with NSCLC analyzed in this study included 2020 patients in the Geneplus cohort (mean [SD] age, 59.5 [10.5] years; 1168 [57.8%] men), 1031 patients in TCGA cohort (mean [SD] age, 66.2 [9.5] years; 579 [56.2%] men), 1527 patients in the MSKCC cohort (662 [43.4%] men), 350 patients in the MSKCC cohort who were treated with ICIs (mean [SD] age, 61.4 [13.8] years; 170 [48.6%] men), and 853 patients in the POPLAR and OAK cohort (mean [SD] age, 63.0 [9.1] years; 527 [61.8%] men). Sites of TP53 and ATM comutation were found scattered throughout the genes, and no significant difference was observed in the frequency of TP53 and ATM comutation within the histologic subtypes and driver genes. In 5 independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC, TP53 and ATM comutation was associated with a significantly higher tumor mutation burden compared with the sole mutation and with no mutation (TCGA, MSKCC, Geneplus, and POPLAR and OAK cohort). Among patients treated with ICIs in the MSKCC cohort, TP53 and ATM comutation was associated with better OS than a single mutation and no mutation among patients with any cancer (median OS: TP53 and ATM comutation, not reached; TP53 mutation alone, 14.0 months; ATM mutation alone, 40.0 months; no mutation, 22.0 months; P = .001; NSCLC median OS: TP53 and ATM comutation, not reached; TP53 mutation alone, 11.0 months; ATM mutation alone, 16.0 months; no mutation, 14.0 months; P = .24). Similar results were found in the POPLAR and OAK cohort in which the disease control benefit rate, progression-free survival, and OS were all greater in patients with the TP53 and ATM comutation compared with the other 3 groups (median progression-free survival: TP53 and ATM comutation, 10.4 months; TP53 mutation, 1.6 months; ATM mutation, 3.5 months; no mutation, 2.8 months; P = .01; median OS: TP53 and ATM comutation, 22.1 months; TP53 mutation, 8.3 months; ATM mutation, 15.8 months; no mutation, 15.3 months; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study's findings suggest that the TP53 and ATM comutation occurs in a subgroup of patients with NSCLC and is associated with an increased tumor mutation burden and response to ICIs. This suggests that TP53 and ATM comutation may have implications as a biomarker for guiding ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yi Li
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhu Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Leong Kin Pan
- China Certification and Inspection Group, Kuok Kim Medical Center III, Macao, China
- Hui Xian Medical Center, Macao, China
| | | | - Xin Yi
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Ben Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Wei Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ji Pan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Jette NR, Radhamani S, Arthur G, Ye R, Goutam S, Bolyos A, Petersen LF, Bose P, Bebb DG, Lees-Miller SP. Combined poly-ADP ribose polymerase and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated/Rad3-related inhibition targets ataxia-telangiectasia mutated-deficient lung cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:600-610. [PMID: 31481733 PMCID: PMC6889280 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up to 40% of lung adenocarcinoma have been reported to lack ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein expression. We asked whether ATM-deficient lung cancer cell lines are sensitive to poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and determined the mechanism of action of olaparib in ATM-deficient A549 cells. Methods We analysed drug sensitivity data for olaparib and talazoparib in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) project. We deleted ATM from A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and determined the effects of olaparib and the ATM/Rad3-related (ATR) inhibitor VE-821 on cell viability. Results IC50 values for both olaparib and talazoparib positively correlated with ATM mRNA levels and gene amplification status in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. ATM mutation was associated with a significant decrease in the IC50 for olaparib while a similar trend was observed for talazoparib. A549 cells with deletion of ATM were sensitive to ionising radiation and olaparib. Olaparib induced phosphorylation of DNA damage markers and reversible G2 arrest in ATM-deficient cells, while the combination of olaparib and VE-821 induced cell death. Conclusions Patients with tumours characterised by ATM-deficiency may benefit from treatment with a PARP inhibitor in combination with an ATR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Jette
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Suraj Radhamani
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Greydon Arthur
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ruiqiong Ye
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Goutam
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Anthony Bolyos
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lars F Petersen
- Department Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D Gwyn Bebb
- Department Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Susan P Lees-Miller
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Department Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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