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Wang M, Pan B, Hu Y, Gao J, Hou L, Yu Z, Li M, Zhao Z. STIL facilitates the development and malignant progression of triple-negative breast cancer through activation of Fanconi anemia pathway via interacting with KLF16. Transl Oncol 2024; 46:102010. [PMID: 38823260 PMCID: PMC11177054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND STIL is an important cell cycle-regulating protein specifically recruited to the mitotic centrosome to promote the replication of centrioles in dividing cells. However, the potential role of STIL in the regulation of the biological functions of triple-negative breast cancer remains still unclear. METHODS We screened for differentially expressed STIL in the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The expression of STIL protein in 10 pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was further assessed by western blotting. Functionally, the knockdown and overexpression of STIL have been used to explore the effects of STIL on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, RNA-seq, dual-luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation assay, and DNA pull-down assay were performed. RESULTS Breast cancer tissues and cells have higher STIL expression than normal tissues and cells. STIL knockdown impairs breast cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas STIL overexpression accelerates these processes. STIL promotes breast cancer progression by regulating FANCD2 expression, and exploration of its molecular mechanism demonstrated that STIL interacts with KLF16 to regulate the expression of FANCD2. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings identified STIL as a critical promoter of breast cancer progression that interacts with KLF16 to regulate Fanconi anemia pathway protein FANCD2. In summary, STIL is a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Jiyue Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Lu Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China.
| | - Zuowei Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China.
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2
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Li S, Tang M, Xiong Y, Feng X, Wang C, Nie L, Huang M, Zhang H, Yin L, Zhu D, Yang C, Ma T, Chen J. Systematic investigation of BRCA1-A, -B, and -C complexes and their functions in DNA damage response and DNA repair. Oncogene 2024; 43:2621-2634. [PMID: 39068216 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BRCA1, a breast cancer susceptibility gene, has emerged as a central mediator that brings together multiple signaling complexes in response to DNA damage. The A, B, and C complexes of BRCA1, which are formed based on their phosphorylation-dependent interactions with the BRCA1-C-terminal domains, contribute to the roles of BRCA1 in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint control. However, their functions in DNA damage response remain to be fully appreciated. Specifically, there has been no systematic investigation of the roles of BRCA1-A, -B, and -C complexes in the regulation of BRCA1 localization and functions, in part because of cellular lethality associated with loss of CtIP protein, which is an essential component in BRCA1-C complex. To systematically investigate the functions of these complexes in DNA damage response, we depleted a key component in each of these complexes. We used the degradation tag system to inducibly deplete endogenous CtIP and obtained a series of RAP80/FANCJ/CtIP single-, double-, and triple-knockout cells. We showed that loss of BRCA1-B/FANCJ and BRCA1-C/CtIP, but not BRCA1-A/RAP80, resulted in reduced cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to DNA damage. BRCA1-C/CtIP and BRCA1-A/RAP80 were involved in BRCA1 recruitment to sites of DNA damage. However, BRCA1-A/RAP80 was not essential for damage-induced BRCA1 localization. Instead, RAP80/H2AX and CtIP have redundant roles in BRCA1 recruitment. Altogether, our systematic analysis uncovers functional differences between BRCA1-A, -B, and -C complexes and provides new insights into the roles of these BRCA1-associated protein complexes in DNA damage response and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Litong Nie
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Shah R, Aslam MA, Spanjaard A, de Groot D, Zürcher LM, Altelaar M, Hoekman L, Pritchard CEJ, Pilzecker B, van den Berk PCM, Jacobs H. Dual role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen monoubiquitination in facilitating Fanconi anemia-mediated interstrand crosslink repair. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae242. [PMID: 38957451 PMCID: PMC11217772 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) repair pathway governs repair of highly genotoxic DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and relies on translesion synthesis (TLS). TLS is facilitated by REV1 or site-specific monoubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (PCNA-Ub) at lysine 164 (K164). A PcnaK164R/K164R but not Rev1-/- mutation renders mammals hypersensitive to ICLs. Besides the FA pathway, alternative pathways have been associated with ICL repair (1, 2), though the decision making between those remains elusive. To study the dependence and relevance of PCNA-Ub in FA repair, we intercrossed PcnaK164R/+; Fancg-/+ mice. A combined mutation (PcnaK164R/K164R; Fancg-/- ) was found embryonically lethal. RNA-seq of primary double-mutant (DM) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) revealed elevated levels of replication stress-induced checkpoints. To exclude stress-induced confounders, we utilized a Trp53 knock-down to obtain a model to study ICL repair in depth. Regarding ICL-induced cell toxicity, cell cycle arrest, and replication fork progression, single-mutant and DM MEFs were found equally sensitive, establishing PCNA-Ub to be critical for FA-ICL repair. Immunoprecipitation and spectrometry-based analysis revealed an unknown role of PCNA-Ub in excluding mismatch recognition complex MSH2/MSH6 from being recruited to ICLs. In conclusion, our results uncovered a dual function of PCNA-Ub in ICL repair, i.e. exclude MSH2/MSH6 recruitment to channel the ICL toward canonical FA repair, in addition to its established role in coordinating TLS opposite the unhooked ICL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Shah
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Assad Aslam
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department/Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aldo Spanjaard
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel de Groot
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Zürcher
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin E J Pritchard
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Transgenic Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Pilzecker
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C M van den Berk
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Berckmans Y, Ene HM, Ben-Meir K, Martinez-Conde A, Wouters R, Van den Ende B, Van Mechelen S, Monin R, Frechtel-Gerzi R, Gabay H, Dor-On E, Haber A, Weinberg U, Vergote I, Giladi M, Coosemans A, Palti Y. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) induce homologous recombination deficiency in ovarian cancer cells, thus mitigating drug resistance. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1402851. [PMID: 38993641 PMCID: PMC11238040 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1402851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality among gynecological malignancies. Carboplatin and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are often implemented in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Homologous recombination deficient (HRD) tumors demonstrate increased sensitivity to these treatments; however, many ovarian cancer patients are homologous recombination proficient (HRP). TTFields are non-invasive electric fields that induce an HRD-like phenotype in various cancer types. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of TTFields applied together with carboplatin or PARPi (olaparib or niraparib) in preclinical ovarian cancer models. Methods A2780 (HRP), OVCAR3 (HRD), and A2780cis (platinum-resistant) human ovarian cancer cells were treated in vitro with TTFields (1 V/cm RMS, 200 kHz, 72 h), alone or with various drug concentrations. Treated cells were measured for cell count, colony formation, apoptosis, DNA damage, expression of DNA repair proteins, and cell cycle. In vivo, ID8-fLuc (HRP) ovarian cancer cells were inoculated intraperitoneally to C57BL/6 mice, which were then treated with either sham, TTFields (200 kHz), olaparib (50 mg/kg), or TTFields plus olaparib; over a period of four weeks. Tumor growth was analyzed using bioluminescent imaging at treatment cessation; and survival analysis was performed. Results The nature of TTFields-drug interaction was dependent on the drug's underlying mechanism of action and on the genetic background of the cells, with synergistic interactions between TTFields and carboplatin or PARPi seen in HRP and resistant cells. Treated cells demonstrated elevated levels of DNA damage, accompanied by G2/M arrest, and induction of an HRD-like phenotype. In the tumor-bearing mice, TTFields and olaparib co-treatment resulted in reduced tumor volume and a survival benefit relative to olaparib monotherapy and to control. Conclusion By inducing an HRD-like phenotype, TTFields sensitize HRP and resistant ovarian cancer cells to treatment with carboplatin or PARPi, potentially mitigating a-priori and de novo drug resistance, a major limitation in ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Berckmans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Roxanne Wouters
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bieke Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mechelen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecologic Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - An Coosemans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Luo Y, Song Y, Xiang C, He Y, Wang K, Yu Y, Wang Z, Peng W, Ding Y, Liu S, Wu C. Therapeutic targeting of ARID1A-deficient cancer cells with RITA (Reactivating p53 and inducing tumor apoptosis). Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:375. [PMID: 38811536 PMCID: PMC11136964 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
ARID1A, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, is frequently mutated in various cancer types and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we observed that ARID1A-deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) cells showed synthetic lethal effects with a p53 activator, RITA (reactivating p53 and inducing tumor apoptosis). RITA, an inhibitor of the p53-MDM2 interaction, exhibits increased sensitivity in ARID1A-deficient cells compared to ARID1A wild-type cells. Mechanistically, the observed synthetic lethality is dependent on both p53 activation and DNA damage accumulation, which are regulated by the interplay between ARID1A and RITA. ARID1A loss exhibits an opposing effect on p53 targets, leading to decreased p21 expression and increased levels of proapoptotic genes, PUMA and NOXA, which is further potentiated by RITA treatment, ultimately inducing cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, ARID1A loss aggravates RITA-induced DNA damage accumulation by downregulating Chk2 phosphorylation. Taken together, ARID1A loss significantly heightens sensitivity to RITA in CRC, revealing a novel synthetic lethal interaction between ARID1A and RITA. These findings present a promising therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer characterized by ARID1A loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuchen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yijiang Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yilin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kejin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingnan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenxuan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Changjie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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6
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Zhao SJ, Prior D, Heske CM, Vasquez JC. Therapeutic Targeting of DNA Repair Pathways in Pediatric Extracranial Solid Tumors: Current State and Implications for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1648. [PMID: 38730598 PMCID: PMC11083679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is fundamental to tumorigenesis, and the inability to repair DNA damage is a hallmark of many human cancers. DNA is repaired via the DNA damage repair (DDR) apparatus, which includes five major pathways. DDR deficiencies in cancers give rise to potential therapeutic targets, as cancers harboring DDR deficiencies become increasingly dependent on alternative DDR pathways for survival. In this review, we summarize the DDR apparatus, and examine the current state of research efforts focused on identifying vulnerabilities in DDR pathways that can be therapeutically exploited in pediatric extracranial solid tumors. We assess the potential for synergistic combinations of different DDR inhibitors as well as combinations of DDR inhibitors with chemotherapy. Lastly, we discuss the immunomodulatory implications of targeting DDR pathways and the potential for using DDR inhibitors to enhance tumor immunogenicity, with the goal of improving the response to immune checkpoint blockade in pediatric solid tumors. We review the ongoing and future research into DDR in pediatric tumors and the subsequent pediatric clinical trials that will be critical to further elucidate the efficacy of the approaches targeting DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J. Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (S.J.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniel Prior
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (S.J.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Christine M. Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Juan C. Vasquez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (S.J.Z.); (D.P.)
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7
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Xu J, Fei P, Simon DW, Morowitz MJ, Mehta PA, Du W. Crosstalk between DNA Damage Repair and Metabolic Regulation in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:733. [PMID: 38727270 PMCID: PMC11083014 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation are two characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Under steady physiological conditions, most primitive HSCs remain quiescent in the bone marrow (BM). They respond to different stimuli to refresh the blood system. The transition from quiescence to activation is accompanied by major changes in metabolism, a fundamental cellular process in living organisms that produces or consumes energy. Cellular metabolism is now considered to be a key regulator of HSC maintenance. Interestingly, HSCs possess a distinct metabolic profile with a preference for glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production. Byproducts from the cellular metabolism can also damage DNA. To counteract such insults, mammalian cells have evolved a complex and efficient DNA damage repair (DDR) system to eliminate various DNA lesions and guard genomic stability. Given the enormous regenerative potential coupled with the lifetime persistence of HSCs, tight control of HSC genome stability is essential. The intersection of DDR and the HSC metabolism has recently emerged as an area of intense research interest, unraveling the profound connections between genomic stability and cellular energetics. In this brief review, we delve into the interplay between DDR deficiency and the metabolic reprogramming of HSCs, shedding light on the dynamic relationship that governs the fate and functionality of these remarkable stem cells. Understanding the crosstalk between DDR and the cellular metabolism will open a new avenue of research designed to target these interacting pathways for improving HSC function and treating hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peiwen Fei
- Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96812, USA
| | - Dennis W. Simon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael J. Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Parinda A. Mehta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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8
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Rageul J, Lo N, Phi AL, Patel JA, Park JJ, Kim H. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of TIMELESS limits DNA replication stress and promotes stalled fork protection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113845. [PMID: 38393943 PMCID: PMC11029348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), catalyzed mainly by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)1, is a key posttranslational modification involved in DNA replication and repair. Here, we report that TIMELESS (TIM), an essential scaffold of the replisome, is PARylated, which is linked to its proteolysis. TIM PARylation requires recognition of auto-modified PARP1 via two poly(ADP-ribose)-binding motifs, which primes TIM for proteasome-dependent degradation. Cells expressing the PARylation-refractory TIM mutant or under PARP inhibition accumulate TIM at DNA replication forks, causing replication stress and hyper-resection of stalled forks. Mechanistically, aberrant engagement of TIM with the replicative helicase impedes RAD51 loading and protection of reversed forks. Accordingly, defective TIM degradation hypersensitizes BRCA2-deficient cells to replication damage. Our study defines TIM as a substrate of PARP1 and elucidates how the control of replisome remodeling by PARylation is linked to stalled fork protection. Therefore, we propose a mechanism of PARP inhibition that impinges on the DNA replication fork instability caused by defective TIM turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rageul
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Natalie Lo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Amy L Phi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jinal A Patel
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jennifer J Park
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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9
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Hughes T, Rose AM. The emergence of Fanconi anaemia type S: a phenotypic spectrum of biallelic BRCA1 mutations. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1278004. [PMID: 38146508 PMCID: PMC10749362 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1278004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 is involved in the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway, which coordinates repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. FA is a rare genetic disorder characterised by bone marrow failure, cancer predisposition and congenital abnormalities, caused by biallelic mutations affecting proteins in the FA pathway. Germline monoallelic pathogenic BRCA1 mutations are known to be associated with hereditary breast/ovarian cancer, however biallelic mutations of BRCA1 were long predicted to be incompatible with embryonic viability, hence BRCA1 was not considered to be a canonical FA gene. Despite this, several patients with biallelic pathogenic BRCA1 mutations and FA-like phenotypes have been identified - defining a new FA type (FA-S) and designating BRCA1 as an FA gene. This report presents a scoping review of the cases of biallelic BRCA1 mutations identified to date, discusses the functional effects of the mutations identified, and proposes a phenotypic spectrum of BRCA1 mutations based upon available clinical and genetic data. We report that this FA-S cohort phenotype includes short stature, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms, hypo/hyperpigmented lesions, intellectual disability, chromosomal sensitivity to crosslinking agents and predisposition to breast/ovarian cancer and/or childhood cancers, with some patients exhibiting sensitivity to chemotherapy. Unlike most other types of FA, FA-S patients lack bone marrow failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirion Hughes
- University of Oxford Medical School, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M. Rose
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li W, Yao M, Liu C, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang X, Meng K. Research progress of the Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:570-585. [PMID: 37669135 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia pathway is a key pathway involved in the repair of deoxyribonucleic acidinterstrand crosslinking damage, which chiefly includes the following four modules: lesion recognition, Fanconi anemia core complex recruitment, FANCD2-FANCI complex monoubiquitination, and downstream events (nucleolytic incision, translesion synthesis, and homologous recombination). Mutations or deletions of multiple Fanconi anemia genes in this pathway can damage the interstrand crosslinking repair pathway and disrupt primordial germ cell development and oocyte meiosis, thereby leading to abnormal follicular development. Premature ovarian insufficiency is a gynecological clinical syndrome characterized by amenorrhea and decreased fertility due to decreased oocyte pool, accelerated follicle atresia, and loss of ovarian function in women <40 years old. Furthermore, in recent years, several studies have detected mutations in the Fanconi anemia gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. In addition, some patients with Fanconi anemia exhibit symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. The Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency are closely associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chuqi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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11
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Wang R, Sun Y, Li C, Xue Y, Ba X. Targeting the DNA Damage Response for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15907. [PMID: 37958890 PMCID: PMC10648182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the course of long-term evolution, cells have developed intricate defense mechanisms in response to DNA damage; these mechanisms play a pivotal role in maintaining genomic stability. Defects in the DNA damage response pathways can give rise to various diseases, including cancer. The DNA damage response (DDR) system is instrumental in safeguarding genomic stability. The accumulation of DNA damage and the weakening of DDR function both promote the initiation and progression of tumors. Simultaneously, they offer opportunities and targets for cancer therapeutics. This article primarily elucidates the DNA damage repair pathways and the progress made in targeting key proteins within these pathways for cancer treatment. Among them, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a crucial role in DDR, and inhibitors targeting PARP1 have garnered extensive attention in anticancer research. By delving into the realms of DNA damage and repair, we aspire to explore more precise and effective strategies for cancer therapy and to seek novel avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Wang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yating Sun
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chunshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yaoyao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.)
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12
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Zhu QY, Li PC, Zhu YF, Pan JN, Wang R, Li XL, Ye WW, Ding XW, Wang XJ, Cao WM. A comprehensive analysis of Fanconi anemia genes in Chinese patients with high-risk hereditary breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14303-14313. [PMID: 37566130 PMCID: PMC10590287 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four Fanconi anemia (FA) genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 and RAD51C) are defined as breast cancer (BC) susceptibility genes. Other FA genes have been inconsistently associated with BC. Thus, the role of other FA genes in BC should be explored in specific populations. METHODS Mutations in 16 FA genes were screened with a 98-gene panel sequencing assay in a cohort of 1481 Chinese patients with high-risk hereditary BC. The association between mutations and clinicopathological characteristics as well as prognosis was analyzed. The risk of BC in carriers of FA gene mutations was assessed in the Genome Aggregation Database and the Westlake Biobank for Chinese cohort. RESULTS A total of 2.57% (38/1481) BC patients were identified who had 12 other FA gene germline mutations. Among them, the most frequently mutated gene was FANCA (8/1481, 0.54%). These 38 patients carried 35 distinct pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, of which 21 were novel. We found one rare FANCB deleterious variant (c.1327-3dupT) in our cohort. There was a statistically significant difference in lymph node status between FA gene mutation carriers and non-carriers (p = 0.041). We observed a trend that mutation carriers had larger tumor sizes, lower estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity rates, and lower 3.5-year invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) rates than non-carriers (tumor size > 2 cm: 51.43% vs. 45.63%; ER positivity rates: 51.43% vs. 60.81%; PR positivity rates: 48.57% vs. 55.16%; 3.5-year iDFS rates: 58.8% vs. 66.7%; 3.5-year DRFS rates: 58.8% vs. 68.8%). The frequency of the mutations in FANCD2, FANCM and BRIP1 trended to be higher among BC cases than that in controls (p = 0.055, 0.08 and 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSION This study comprehensively estimated the prevalence, clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis and risk of BC associated with deleterious variants in FA genes in Chinese high-risk hereditary BC patients. It enriches our understanding of the role of FA genes with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu-Chun Li
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jia-Ni Pan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wu Ye
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ming Cao
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Bilyalov A, Nikolaev S, Danishevich A, Khatkov I, Makhmudov K, Isakova Z, Bakirov N, Omurbaev E, Osipova A, Ramaldanov R, Shagimardanova E, Kiyasov A, Gusev O, Bodunova N. The Spectrum of Germline Nucleotide Variants in Gastric Cancer Patients in the Kyrgyz Republic. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6383-6394. [PMID: 37623222 PMCID: PMC10453583 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major challenge in modern oncology due to its high detection rate and prevalence. While sporadic cases make up the majority of gastric cancer, hereditary gastric cancer is caused by germline mutations in several genes linked to different syndromes. Thus, identifying hereditary forms of gastric cancer is considered crucial globally. A survey study using NGS-based analysis was conducted to determine the frequency of different types of hereditary gastric cancer in the yet-unstudied Kyrgyz population. The study cohort included 113 patients with diagnosed gastric cancer from Kyrgyzstan. The age of patients was 57.6 ± 8.9. Next-generation sequencing analysis of genomic DNA was performed using a custom Roche NimbleGen enrichment panel. The results showed that 6.2% (7/113) of the patients had pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. Additionally, 3.5% (4/113) of the patients carried heterozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in high penetrance genes, such as TP53, POLD1, RET, and BRCA2. Moreover, 2.7% (3/113) of the patients carried heterozygous mutations in genes linked to autosomal recessive conditions, specifically PALB2, FANCA, and FANCD2. We have not identified any genetic variants in hereditary GC-associated genes: CDH1, STK11, SMAD4, BMPRIA, APC, MLH1, and others. Our study included patients with sporadic features of GC. The use of recognized criteria (NCCN, Gastric Cancer, Version 2.2022) would increase the number of identified genetic variants in hereditary GC-associated genes. Further research is required to determine the clinical relevance of the genetic variants identified in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airat Bilyalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
| | - Anastasiia Danishevich
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
| | - Igor Khatkov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
| | - Komron Makhmudov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Zhainagul Isakova
- Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Nurbek Bakirov
- National Center of Oncology and Hematology of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720055, Kyrgyzstan; (N.B.); (E.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Ernis Omurbaev
- National Center of Oncology and Hematology of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720055, Kyrgyzstan; (N.B.); (E.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Alena Osipova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ramaldan Ramaldanov
- National Center of Oncology and Hematology of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720055, Kyrgyzstan; (N.B.); (E.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Andrey Kiyasov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 117036 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bodunova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
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Fishman H, Monin R, Dor-On E, Kinzel A, Haber A, Giladi M, Weinberg U, Palti Y. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) increase the effectiveness of temozolomide and lomustine in glioblastoma cell lines. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:83-94. [PMID: 37131108 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields that disrupt cellular processes critical for cancer cell viability and tumor progression, ultimately leading to cell death. TTFields therapy is approved for treatment of newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) concurrent with maintenance temozolomide (TMZ). Recently, the benefit of TMZ in combination with lomustine (CCNU) was demonstrated in patients with O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation. The addition of adjuvant TTFields to TMZ plus CCNU further improved patient outcomes, leading to a CE mark for this regimen. The current in vitro study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the benefit of this treatment protocol. METHODS Human GBM cell lines with different MGMT promoter methylation statuses were treated with TTFields, TMZ, and CCNU, and effectiveness was tested by cell count, apoptosis, colony formation, and DNA damage measurements. Expression levels of relevant DNA-repair proteins were examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS TTFields concomitant with TMZ displayed an additive effect, irrespective of MGMT expression levels. TTFields concomitant with CCNU or with CCNU plus TMZ was additive in MGMT-expressing cells and synergistic in MGMT-non-expressing cells. TTFields downregulated the FA-BRCA pathway and increased DNA damage induced by the chemotherapy combination. CONCLUSIONS The results support the clinical benefit demonstrated for TTFields concomitant with TMZ plus CCNU. Since the FA-BRCA pathway is required for repair of DNA cross-links induced by CCNU in the absence of MGMT, the synergy demonstrated in MGMT promoter methylated cells when TTFields and CCNU were co-applied may be attributed to the BRCAness state induced by TTFields.
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15
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Tissier RLM, Schie JJMV, Wolthuis RMF, Lange JD, Menezes RD. ShrinkCRISPR: a flexible method for differential fitness analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 screen data. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:36. [PMID: 36732720 PMCID: PMC9896759 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR screens provide large-scale assessment of cellular gene functions. Pooled libraries typically consist of several single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) per gene, for a large number of genes, which are transduced in such a way that every cell receives at most one sgRNA, resulting in the disruption of a single gene in that cell. This approach is often used to investigate effects on cellular fitness, by measuring sgRNA abundance at different time points. Comparing gene knockout effects between different cell populations is challenging due to variable cell-type specific parameters and between replicates variation. Failure to take those into account can lead to inflated or false discoveries. RESULTS We propose a new, flexible approach called ShrinkCRISPR that can take into account multiple sources of variation. Impact on cellular fitness between conditions is inferred by using a mixed-effects model, which allows to test for gene-knockout effects while taking into account sgRNA-specific variation. Estimates are obtained using an empirical Bayesian approach. ShrinkCRISPR can be applied to a variety of experimental designs, including multiple factors. In simulation studies, we compared ShrinkCRISPR results with those of drugZ and MAGeCK, common methods used to detect differential effect on cell fitness. ShrinkCRISPR yielded as many true discoveries as drugZ using a paired screen design, and outperformed both drugZ and MAGeCK for an independent screen design. Although conservative, ShrinkCRISPR was the only approach that kept false discoveries under control at the desired level, for both designs. Using data from several publicly available screens, we showed that ShrinkCRISPR can take data for several time points into account simultaneously, helping to detect early and late differential effects. CONCLUSIONS ShrinkCRISPR is a robust and flexible approach, able to incorporate different sources of variations and to test for differential effect on cell fitness at the gene level. These improve power to find effects on cell fitness, while keeping multiple testing under the correct control level and helping to improve reproducibility. ShrinkCrispr can be applied to different study designs and incorporate multiple time points, making it a complete and reliable tool to analyze CRISPR screen data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud L. M. Tissier
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Biostatistics Unit, Netherlands Cancer institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janne J. M. van Schie
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M. F. Wolthuis
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job de Lange
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renée de Menezes
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Biostatistics Unit, Netherlands Cancer institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhao M, Wu J, Xu J, Li A, Mei Y, Ge X, Yin G, Liu X, Wei L, Xu Q. Association of environmental exposure to chromium with differential DNA methylation: An epigenome-wide study. Front Genet 2023; 13:1043486. [PMID: 36685967 PMCID: PMC9845398 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1043486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have reported that chromium (Cr)-induced epigenetic alterations and DNA methylation play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diseases induced by chromium exposure. Epigenomic analyses have been limited and mainly focused on occupational chromium exposure; their findings are not generalizable to populations with environmental Cr exposure. Methods: We identified the differential methylation of genes and regions to elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity related to environmental chromium exposure. DNA methylation was measured in blood samples collected from individuals in Cr-contaminated (n = 10) and unexposed areas (n = 10) by using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation850K array. To evaluate the relationship between chromium levels in urine and CpG methylation at 850 thousand sites, we investigated differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by using linear models and DMRcate method, respectively. The model was adjusted for biologically relevant variables and estimated cell-type compositions. Results: At the epigenome-wide level, we identified five CpGs [cg20690919 (p FDR =0.006), cg00704664 (p FDR =0.024), cg10809143 (p FDR =0.043), cg27057652 (p FDR =0.047), cg05390480 (p FDR =0.024)] and one DMR (chr17: 19,648,718-19,648,972), annotated to ALDH3A1 genes (p < 0.05) as being significantly associated with log2 transformed urinary chromium levels. Discussion: Environmental chromium exposure is associated with DNA methylation, and the significant DMPs and DMR being annotated to cause DNA damage and genomic instability were found in this work. Research involving larger samples is required to further explore the epigenetic effect of environmental chromium exposure on health outcomes through DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guohuan Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lanping Wei
- Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Qun Xu,
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Abstract
High-fidelity DNA replication is critical for the faithful transmission of genetic information to daughter cells. Following genotoxic stress, specialized DNA damage tolerance pathways are activated to ensure replication fork progression. These pathways include translesion DNA synthesis, template switching and repriming. In this Review, we describe how DNA damage tolerance pathways impact genome stability, their connection with tumorigenesis and their effects on cancer therapy response. We discuss recent findings that single-strand DNA gap accumulation impacts chemoresponse and explore a growing body of evidence that suggests that different DNA damage tolerance factors, including translesion synthesis polymerases, template switching proteins and enzymes affecting single-stranded DNA gaps, represent useful cancer targets. We further outline how the consequences of DNA damage tolerance mechanisms could inform the discovery of new biomarkers to refine cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cybulla
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Thompson C, Ariagno S, Kohorst MA. Pediatric Germline Predisposition to Myeloid Neoplasms. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2022; 17:266-274. [PMID: 36117229 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-022-00681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advances in the understanding of germline predisposition to pediatric cancers, particularly myeloid neoplasms, have increased rapidly over the last 20 years. Here, we highlight the most up-to-date knowledge regarding known pathogenic germline variants that contribute to the development of myeloid neoplasms in children. RECENT FINDINGS This discussion enumerates the most notable myeloid neoplasm-causing germline mutations. These mutations may be organized based on their molecular underpinnings-transcriptional control, splicing and signal transduction control, and a group of heterogeneous bone marrow failure syndromes. We review recent findings related to the biochemical mechanisms that predispose to malignant transformation in each condition. Key genetic discoveries such as novel mutations, degrees of penetrance, principles of the two-hit hypothesis, and co-occurrence of multiple mutations are shared. Clinical pearls, such as information regarding epidemiology, natural history, or prognosis, are also discussed. Germline mutations predisposing to pediatric myeloid neoplasms are frequent, but underrecognized. They hold major clinical implications regarding prognosis, treatment strategies, and screening for other malignancies. Further research is warranted to better characterize each of these conditions, as well as identify additional novel germline pathogenic variants of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christineil Thompson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sydney Ariagno
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mira A Kohorst
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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CHK2 activation contributes to the development of oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1615-1628. [PMID: 35999268 PMCID: PMC9596403 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common cancer type, causes high morbidity and mortality. Patients who develop drug resistance to oxaliplatin-based regimens have short overall survival. Thus, identifying molecules involved in the development of oxaliplatin resistance is critical for designing therapeutic strategies. METHODS A proteomic screen was performed to reveal altered protein kinase phosphorylation in oxaliplatin-resistant (OR) CRC tumour spheroids. The function of CHK2 was characterised using several biochemical techniques and evident using in vitro cell and in vivo tumour models. RESULTS We revealed that the level of phospho-CHK2(Thr68) was elevated in OR CRC cells and in ~30% of tumour samples from patients with OR CRC. We demonstrated that oxaliplatin activated several phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) and CHK2 downstream effectors and enhanced CHK2/PARP1 interaction to facilitate DNA repair. A phosphorylation mimicking CHK2 mutant, CHK2T68D, but not a kinase-dead CHK2 mutant, CHK2D347A, promoted DNA repair, the CHK2/PARP1 interaction, and cell growth in the presence of oxaliplatin. Finally, we showed that a CHK2 inhibitor, BML-277, reduced protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), FANCD2 monoubiquitination, homologous recombination and OR CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CHK2 activity is critical for modulating oxaliplatin response and that CHK2 is a potential therapeutic target for OR CRC.
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20
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Hunter JE, Campbell AE, Kerridge S, Fraser C, Hannaway NL, Luli S, Ivanova I, Brownridge PJ, Coxhead J, Taylor L, Leary P, Hasoon MSR, Eyers CE, Perkins ND. Up-regulation of the PI3K/AKT and RHO/RAC/PAK signalling pathways in CHK1 inhibitor resistant Eµ-Myc lymphoma cells. Biochem J 2022; 479:2131-2151. [PMID: 36240067 PMCID: PMC9704644 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance and the activation of bypass pathway signalling represents a major problem for the clinical application of protein kinase inhibitors. While investigating the effect of either a c-Rel deletion or RelAT505A phosphosite knockin on the Eµ-Myc mouse model of B-cell lymphoma, we discovered that both NF-κB subunit mutations resulted in CHK1 inhibitor resistance, arising from either loss or alteration of CHK1 activity, respectively. However, since Eµ-Myc lymphomas depend on CHK1 activity to cope with high levels of DNA replication stress and consequent genomic instability, it was not clear how these mutant NF-κB subunit lymphomas were able to survive. To understand these survival mechanisms and to identify potential compensatory bypass signalling pathways in these lymphomas, we applied a multi-omics strategy. With c-Rel-/- Eµ-Myc lymphomas we observed high levels of Phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT pathway activation. Moreover, treatment with the PI3K inhibitor Pictilisib (GDC-0941) selectively inhibited the growth of reimplanted c-Rel-/- and RelAT505A, but not wild type (WT) Eµ-Myc lymphomas. We also observed up-regulation of a RHO/RAC pathway gene expression signature in both Eµ-Myc NF-κB subunit mutation models. Further investigation demonstrated activation of the RHO/RAC effector p21-activated kinase (PAK) 2. Here, the PAK inhibitor, PF-3758309 successfully overcame resistance of RelAT505A but not WT lymphomas. These findings demonstrate that up-regulation of multiple bypass pathways occurs in CHK1 inhibitor resistant Eµ-Myc lymphomas. Consequently, drugs targeting these pathways could potentially be used as either second line or combinatorial therapies to aid the successful clinical application of CHK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Hunter
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Amy E. Campbell
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Scott Kerridge
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Callum Fraser
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Nicola L. Hannaway
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Saimir Luli
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging (PIVI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Iglika Ivanova
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Philip J. Brownridge
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Leigh Taylor
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Peter Leary
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Megan S. R. Hasoon
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Neil D. Perkins
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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21
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Huskova A, Dinesh DC, Srb P, Boura E, Veverka V, Silhan J. Model of abasic site DNA cross-link repair; from the architecture of NEIL3 DNA binding domains to the X-structure model. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10436-10448. [PMID: 36155818 PMCID: PMC9561275 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent DNA interstrand crosslinks are toxic DNA damage lesions that block the replication machinery that can cause a genomic instability. Ubiquitous abasic DNA sites are particularly susceptible to spontaneous cross-linking with a base from the opposite DNA strand. Detection of a crosslink induces the DNA helicase ubiquitination that recruits NEIL3, a DNA glycosylase responsible for the lesion removal. NEIL3 utilizes several zinc finger domains indispensable for its catalytic NEI domain repairing activity. They recruit NEIL3 to the repair site and bind the single-stranded DNA. However, the molecular mechanism underlying their roles in the repair process is unknown. Here, we report the structure of the tandem zinc-finger GRF domain of NEIL3 and reveal the molecular details of its interaction with DNA. Our biochemical data indicate the preferential binding of the GRF domain to the replication fork. In addition, we obtained a structure for the catalytic NEI domain in complex with the DNA reaction intermediate that allowed us to construct and validate a model for the interplay between the NEI and GRF domains in the recognition of an interstrand cross-link. Our results suggest a mechanism for recognition of the DNA replication X-structure by NEIL3, a key step in the interstrand cross-link repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dhurvas Chandrasekaran Dinesh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Veverka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Silhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Hunter JE, Campbell AE, Hannaway NL, Kerridge S, Luli S, Butterworth JA, Sellier H, Mukherjee R, Dhillon N, Sudhindar PD, Shukla R, Brownridge PJ, Bell HL, Coxhead J, Taylor L, Leary P, Hasoon MS, Collins I, Garrett MD, Eyers CE, Perkins ND. Regulation of CHK1 inhibitor resistance by a c-Rel and USP1 dependent pathway. Biochem J 2022; 479:2063-2086. [PMID: 36240066 PMCID: PMC9704646 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we discovered that deletion of c-Rel in the Eµ-Myc mouse model of lymphoma results in earlier onset of disease, a finding that contrasted with the expected function of this NF-κB subunit in B-cell malignancies. Here we report that Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- cells have an unexpected and major defect in the CHK1 pathway. Total and phospho proteomic analysis revealed that Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- lymphomas highly resemble wild-type (WT) Eµ-Myc lymphomas treated with an acute dose of the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) CCT244747. Further analysis demonstrated that this is a consequence of Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- lymphomas having lost expression of CHK1 protein itself, an effect that also results in resistance to CCT244747 treatment in vivo. Similar down-regulation of CHK1 protein levels was also seen in CHK1i resistant U2OS osteosarcoma and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Further investigation revealed that the deubiquitinase USP1 regulates CHK1 proteolytic degradation and that its down-regulation in our model systems is responsible, at least in part, for these effects. We demonstrate that treating WT Eµ-Myc lymphoma cells with the USP1 inhibitor ML323 was highly effective at reducing tumour burden in vivo. Targeting USP1 activity may thus be an alternative therapeutic strategy in MYC-driven tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Hunter
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Amy E. Campbell
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Nicola L. Hannaway
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Scott Kerridge
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Saimir Luli
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging (PIVI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jacqueline A. Butterworth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Helene Sellier
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Reshmi Mukherjee
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Nikita Dhillon
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Praveen D. Sudhindar
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Philip J. Brownridge
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Hayden L. Bell
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Leigh Taylor
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Peter Leary
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Megan S.R. Hasoon
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Ian Collins
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Michelle D. Garrett
- School of Biosciences, Stacey Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Neil D. Perkins
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
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23
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Tanzhu G, Chen L, Xiao G, Shi W, Peng H, Chen D, Zhou R. The schemes, mechanisms and molecular pathway changes of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) alone or in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Cell Death Discov 2022; 8:416. [PMID: 36220835 PMCID: PMC9553876 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a physical therapy that uses moderate frequency (100-300 kHz) and low-intensity (1-3 V/cm) alternating electric fields to inhibit tumors. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration approves TTFields for treating recurrent or newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The classical mechanism of TTFields is mitotic inhibition by hindering the formation of tubulin and spindle. In addition, TTFields inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, migration and induces cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, it regulates immune function and changes the permeability of the nuclear membrane, cell membrane, and blood-brain barrier. Based on the current researches on TTFields in various tumors, this review comprehensively summarizes the in-vitro effects, changes in pathways and molecules corresponding to relevant parameters of TTFields (frequency, intensity, and duration). In addition, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are common tumor treatments. Thus, we also pay attention to the sequence and dose when TTFields combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. TTFields has inhibitory effects in a variety of tumors. The study of TTFields mechanism is conducive to subsequent research. How to combine common tumor therapy such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy to obtain the maximum benefit is also a problem that's worthy of our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Haiqin Peng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Dikang Chen
- Hunan An Tai Kang Cheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
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24
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Lai YH, Tung KC, Chen SC. Durable response to olaparib combined low-dose cisplatin in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with FANCA mutation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30719. [PMID: 36181052 PMCID: PMC9524966 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE To date, there is no actionable gene has been discovered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumor cells with DNA damage response and repair (DDR) gene loss-of-function mutation is sensitivity to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and platinum chemotherapy in ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancers. There is a case report demonstrated the efficacy of PARP inhibitor for BRCA2 mutation that belongs to DDR gene in HCC, which suggested the potential role of PARP inhibitor for HCC with DDR gene mutation. PATIENT CONCERNS We reported a 44-year-old woman with non-viral HCC who was refractory to multiple treatment including target therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. The tumor tissue was submitted to next-generation sequencing using the commercially available ACTOnco®+ (ACT Genomics, Taiwan) assay that interrogates 440 and 31 cancer-related genes and fusion genes, respectively. DIAGNOSIS A truncating mutation FANCA p.Q1307fs was also observed. The tumor was microsatellite stable and had low tumor mutational burden of 4.5 muts/Mb. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES Given FANCA belongs to DDR genes, the inactivation evoked the idea of using PARP inhibitor and cisplatin. Therefore, the patient started to use olaparib combined with low-dose cisplatin (30 mg/m2, every 4 weeks) therapy in December 2019. Significant reduction in the tumor marker level in 1 month (PIVKA-II from 17,395 to 411 ng/dL) and follow-up CT scan showed stable disease. Her tumor did not progress until December 2020 with a progression-free survival of 12 months. LESSONS We report the first case of FANCA-mutated HCC that responded well to olaparib and low-dose cisplatin. This addressed the potential therapeutic role of DDR gene mutation in HCC and the possible synergistic effect of PARP inhibitor and cisplatin. These findings highlight areas where further investigation and effort are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lai
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Che Tung
- ACT Genomics Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - San-Chi Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Center of Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: San-Chi Chen, Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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25
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Zhang Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Li Z, Peng C, Pei H, Zhu W. And-1 Coordinates with the FANCM Complex to Regulate Fanconi Anemia Signaling and Cisplatin Resistance. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3249-3262. [PMID: 35867033 PMCID: PMC9481708 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is essential for repairing DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL). ICLs induce stalled DNA replication forks and trigger activation of the FA pathway by promoting recruitment of the FANCM/FAAP24/MHF complex to ICL sites. Given that stalled replication forks are proximal to ICL sites, fork-associated proteins may coordinate with FA factors to rapidly sense ICLs for activation of FA signaling. Here we report that And-1, a replisome protein, is critical for activation of the FA pathway by sensing ICL-stalled forks and recruiting the FANCM/FAAP24 complex to ICLs. In response to ICLs, And-1 rapidly accumulated at ICL-stalled forks in a manner dependent on ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein-induced phosphorylation at T826. And-1 phosphorylation triggered an intramolecular change that promoted the interaction of And-1 with FANCM/FAAP24, resulting in recruitment of the FANCM/FAAP24 complex to ICLs. Furthermore, p-T826 And-1 was elevated in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, and activated And-1 contributed to cisplatin resistance. Collectively, these studies elucidate a mechanism by which And-1 regulates FA signaling and identify And-1 as a potential target for developing therapeutic approaches to treat platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. SIGNIFICANCE This work shows that phosphorylation of And-1 by ATR activates Fanconi anemia signaling at interstrand crosslink-stalled replication forks by recruiting the FANCM/FAAP24 complex, revealing And-1 as a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Zhuqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Changmin Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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26
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Alblihy A, Ali R, Algethami M, Shoqafi A, Toss MS, Brownlie J, Tatum NJ, Hickson I, Moran PO, Grabowska A, Jeyapalan JN, Mongan NP, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. Targeting Mre11 overcomes platinum resistance and induces synthetic lethality in XRCC1 deficient epithelial ovarian cancers. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:51. [PMID: 35853939 PMCID: PMC9296550 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum resistance is a clinical challenge in ovarian cancer. Platinating agents induce DNA damage which activate Mre11 nuclease directed DNA damage signalling and response (DDR). Upregulation of DDR may promote chemotherapy resistance. Here we have comprehensively evaluated Mre11 in epithelial ovarian cancers. In clinical cohort that received platinum- based chemotherapy (n = 331), Mre11 protein overexpression was associated with aggressive phenotype and poor progression free survival (PFS) (p = 0.002). In the ovarian cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 498), Mre11 gene amplification was observed in a subset of serous tumours (5%) which correlated highly with Mre11 mRNA levels (p < 0.0001). Altered Mre11 levels was linked with genome wide alterations that can influence platinum sensitivity. At the transcriptomic level (n = 1259), Mre11 overexpression was associated with poor PFS (p = 0.003). ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.642 for response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Pre-clinically, Mre11 depletion by gene knock down or blockade by small molecule inhibitor (Mirin) reversed platinum resistance in ovarian cancer cells and in 3D spheroid models. Importantly, Mre11 inhibition was synthetically lethal in platinum sensitive XRCC1 deficient ovarian cancer cells and 3D-spheroids. Selective cytotoxicity was associated with DNA double strand break (DSB) accumulation, S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. We conclude that pharmaceutical development of Mre11 inhibitors is a viable clinical strategy for platinum sensitization and synthetic lethality in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alblihy
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Medical Center, King Fahad Security College (KFSC), Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Ali
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Juliette Brownlie
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Natalie J Tatum
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Hickson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paloma Ordonez Moran
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Anna Grabowska
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK.
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27
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Jang SW, Kim JM. The RPA inhibitor HAMNO sensitizes Fanconi anemia pathway-deficient cells. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1468-1478. [PMID: 35506981 PMCID: PMC9278452 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2074200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway is required for DNA inter-strand crosslink (ICL) repair. Besides its role in ICL repair, FA proteins play a central role in stabilizing stalled replication forks, thereby ensuring genome integrity. We previously demonstrated that depletion of replication protein A (RPA) induces the activation of FA pathway leading to FANCD2 monoubiquitination and FANCD2 foci formation. Thus, we speculated that FA-deficient cells would be more sensitive to RPA inhibition compared to FA-proficient cells. Following treatment with RPA inhibitor HAMNO, we observed significant induction in FANCD2 monoubiquitination and foci formation as observed in RPA depletion. In addition, HAMNO treatment caused increased levels of ϒ-H2AX and S-phase accumulation in FA-deficient cells. Importantly, FA-deficient cells showed more increased sensitivity to HAMNO than FA-proficient cells. Moreover, in combination with cisplatin, HAMNO further enhanced the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in FA-deficient cells, while being less toxic against FA-proficient cells. This result suggests that RPA inhibition might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of FA pathway-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Won Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jellanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jellanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
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28
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Swift ML, Azizkhan-Clifford J. DNA damage-induced sumoylation of Sp1 induces its interaction with RNF4 and degradation in S phase to remove 53BP1 from DSBs and permit HR. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 111:103289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Ler AAL, Carty MP. DNA Damage Tolerance Pathways in Human Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2022; 11:822500. [PMID: 35198436 PMCID: PMC8859465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.822500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA lesions arising from both exogenous and endogenous sources occur frequently in DNA. During DNA replication, the presence of unrepaired DNA damage in the template can arrest replication fork progression, leading to fork collapse, double-strand break formation, and to genome instability. To facilitate completion of replication and prevent the generation of strand breaks, DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways play a key role in allowing replication to proceed in the presence of lesions in the template. The two main DDT pathways are translesion synthesis (TLS), which involves the recruitment of specialized TLS polymerases to the site of replication arrest to bypass lesions, and homology-directed damage tolerance, which includes the template switching and fork reversal pathways. With some exceptions, lesion bypass by TLS polymerases is a source of mutagenesis, potentially contributing to the development of cancer. The capacity of TLS polymerases to bypass replication-blocking lesions induced by anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin can also contribute to tumor chemoresistance. On the other hand, during homology-directed DDT the nascent sister strand is transiently utilised as a template for replication, allowing for error-free lesion bypass. Given the role of DNA damage tolerance pathways in replication, mutagenesis and chemoresistance, a more complete understanding of these pathways can provide avenues for therapeutic exploitation. A number of small molecule inhibitors of TLS polymerase activity have been identified that show synergy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in killing cancer cells. In this review, we will summarize the major DDT pathways, explore the relationship between damage tolerance and carcinogenesis, and discuss the potential of targeting TLS polymerases as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlynn Ai Li Ler
- Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael P. Carty
- Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, Galway, Ireland
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Michael P. Carty,
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30
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Ntemou E, Vidal PD, Alexandri C, Van den Steen G, Lambertini M, Demeestere I. Ovarian toxicity of carboplatin and paclitaxel in mouse carriers of mutation in BRIP1 tumor suppressor gene. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1658. [PMID: 35105904 PMCID: PMC8807594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 10% of women diagnosed with breast cancer during reproductive age carry hereditary germline pathogenic variants in high-penetrance BRCA genes or in others genes involved in DNA repair mechanisms such as PALB2, BRIP or ATM. Anticancer treatments may have an additional negative impact on the ovarian reserve and subsequently on the fertility of young patients carrying such mutations. Recently, the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel is being recommended to these BRCA-mutated patients as neoadjuvant therapy. However, the impact on the ovary is unknown. Here, we investigated their effect of on the ovarian reserve using mice carriers of BRCA1-interacting protein C-terminal helicase-1 (BRIP1) mutation that plays an important role in BRCA1-dependent DNA repair. Results revealed that the administration of carboplatin or paclitaxel did not affect the ovarian reserve although increased DNA double-strand breaks were observed with carboplatin alone. Co-administration of carboplatin and paclitaxel resulted in a significant reduction of the ovarian reserve leading to a lower IVF performance, and an activation of the PI3K-Pten pathway, irrespective of the genetic background. This study suggests that co-administration of carboplatin and paclitaxel induces cumulative ovarian damage and infertility but a heterozygote genetic predisposition for DNA damage related to BRCA1 gene function does not increase this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ntemou
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Diaz Vidal
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Alexandri
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Van den Steen
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, UOC Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Demeestere
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
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31
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Wu HY, Zheng Y, Laciak AR, Huang NN, Koszelak-Rosenblum M, Flint AJ, Carr G, Zhu G. Structure and Function of SNM1 Family Nucleases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1414:1-26. [PMID: 35708844 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Three human nucleases, SNM1A, SNM1B/Apollo, and SNM1C/Artemis, belong to the SNM1 gene family. These nucleases are involved in various cellular functions, including homologous recombination, nonhomologous end-joining, cell cycle regulation, and telomere maintenance. These three proteins share a similar catalytic domain, which is characterized as a fused metallo-β-lactamase and a CPSF-Artemis-SNM1-PSO2 domain. SNM1A and SNM1B/Apollo are exonucleases, whereas SNM1C/Artemis is an endonuclease. This review contains a summary of recent research on SNM1's cellular and biochemical functions, as well as structural biology studies. In addition, protein structure prediction by the artificial intelligence program AlphaFold provides a different view of the proteins' non-catalytic domain features, which may be used in combination with current results from X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM to understand their mechanism more clearly.
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32
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Rominiyi O, Collis SJ. DDRugging glioblastoma: understanding and targeting the DNA damage response to improve future therapies. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:11-41. [PMID: 34036721 PMCID: PMC8732357 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequently diagnosed type of primary brain tumour in adults. These aggressive tumours are characterised by inherent treatment resistance and disease progression, contributing to ~ 190 000 brain tumour-related deaths globally each year. Current therapeutic interventions consist of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, but average survival is typically around 1 year, with < 10% of patients surviving more than 5 years. Recently, a fourth treatment modality of intermediate-frequency low-intensity electric fields [called tumour-treating fields (TTFields)] was clinically approved for glioblastoma in some countries after it was found to increase median overall survival rates by ~ 5 months in a phase III randomised clinical trial. However, beyond these treatments, attempts to establish more effective therapies have yielded little improvement in survival for patients over the last 50 years. This is in contrast to many other types of cancer and highlights glioblastoma as a recognised tumour of unmet clinical need. Previous work has revealed that glioblastomas contain stem cell-like subpopulations that exhibit heightened expression of DNA damage response (DDR) factors, contributing to therapy resistance and disease relapse. Given that radiotherapy, chemotherapy and TTFields-based therapies all impact DDR mechanisms, this Review will focus on our current knowledge of the role of the DDR in glioblastoma biology and treatment. We also discuss the potential of effective multimodal targeting of the DDR combined with standard-of-care therapies, as well as emerging therapeutic targets, in providing much-needed improvements in survival rates for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Rominiyi
- Weston Park Cancer CentreSheffieldUK
- Department of Oncology & MetabolismThe University of Sheffield Medical SchoolUK
- Department of NeurosurgeryRoyal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Spencer J. Collis
- Weston Park Cancer CentreSheffieldUK
- Department of Oncology & MetabolismThe University of Sheffield Medical SchoolUK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA)University of SheffieldUK
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Kavak G, Basci S, Türker Kekilli E, Dal MS, Karakaya E. A Case of Hypopharyngeal Cancer Associated With Fanconi Anemia: A Helical Tomotherapy Experience. Cureus 2021; 13:e19386. [PMID: 34925988 PMCID: PMC8654145 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a disease that could be accompanied by multiple abnormalities, such as growth retardation, bone marrow abnormalities, and cancer susceptibility. Among the FA patients, head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the most observed solid cancer. The life expectancy of patients with FA has increased with recent medical advances. Furthermore, HNSCC is diagnosed in 3% of FA patients, and half of these patients die because of their HNSCC. The median age of HNSCC patients with FA is 31, and according to the literature HNSCC incidence of FA, patients is more than 700-fold of the normal population. Here, we reported the treatment details and challenges we faced during hypopharyngeal cancer treatment in a FA patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kavak
- Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Semih Basci
- Hematology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Esra Türker Kekilli
- Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Mehmet S Dal
- Hematology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Ebru Karakaya
- Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
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Wang H, Kodavati M, Britz GW, Hegde ML. DNA Damage and Repair Deficiency in ALS/FTD-Associated Neurodegeneration: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implication. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:784361. [PMID: 34975400 PMCID: PMC8716463 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.784361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies reveal that neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are commonly linked to DNA damage accumulation and repair deficiency. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to DNA damage due to their high metabolic activity, relying primarily on oxidative phosphorylation, which leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent DNA damage. Efficient and timely repair of such damage is critical for guarding the integrity of genomic DNA and for cell survival. Several genes predominantly associated with RNA/DNA metabolism have been implicated in both ALS and FTD, suggesting that the two diseases share a common underlying pathology with varied clinical manifestations. Recent studies reveal that many of the gene products, including RNA/DNA binding proteins (RBPs) TDP-43 and FUS are involved in diverse DNA repair pathways. A key question in the etiology of the ALS/FTD spectrum of neurodegeneration is the mechanisms and pathways involved in genome instability caused by dysfunctions/mutations of those RBP genes and their consequences in the central nervous system. The understanding of such converging molecular mechanisms provides insights into the underlying etiology of the rapidly progressing neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD, while also revealing novel DNA repair target avenues for therapeutic development. In this review, we summarize the common mechanisms of neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD, with a particular emphasis on the DNA repair defects induced by ALS/FTD causative genes. We also highlight the consequences of DNA repair defects in ALS/FTD and the therapeutic potential of DNA damage repair-targeted amelioration of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience Research at Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Manohar Kodavati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gavin W. Britz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience Research at Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience Research at Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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35
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Wang S, Ding B, Cui M, Yan W, Xia Q, Meng D, Shen S, Xie S, Jin H, Zhang X. Fanconi Anemia Pathway Genes Advance Cervical Cancer via Immune Regulation and Cell Adhesion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:734794. [PMID: 34869316 PMCID: PMC8634638 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is a typical and multienzyme-regulated DNA damage repairer that influences the occurrence and development of disease including cancers. Few comprehensive analyses were reported about the role of FA-related genes (FARGs) and their prognostic values in cancers. In this study, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis on 79 FARGs was performed. According to the correlation analyses between HPV integration sites and FARGs, we found that FARGs played specific and critical roles in HPV-related cancers, especially in cervical cancer (CC). Based on this, a FARGs-associated prognostic risk score (FPS) model was constructed, and subsequently a nomogram model containing the FPS was developed with a good accuracy for CC overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) outcome prediction. We also used the similar expression pattern of FARGs by consensus clustering analysis to separate the patients into three subgroups that exhibited significant differential OS but not RFS. Moreover, differential expressed genes (DEGs) between the two risk groups or three clusters were identified and immune pathways as well as cell adhesion processes were determined by functional enrichment analysis. Results indicated that FARGs might promote occurrence and development of CC by regulating the immune cells' infiltration and cell adhesion. In addition, through the machine learning models containing decision tree, random forest, naïve bayes, and support vector machine models, screening of important variables on CC prognosis, we finally determined that ZBTB32 and CENPS were the main elements affecting CC OS, while PALB2 and BRCA2 were for RFS. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that bivariate prediction of CC outcome was reliable. Our study systematically analyzed the prognostic prediction values of FARGs and demonstrated their potential mechanism in CC aggressiveness. Results provided perspective in FA pathway-associated modification and theoretical basis for CC clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University (Nantong Tumor Hospital), Nantong, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University (Nantong Tumor Hospital), Nantong, China
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36
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Cerretelli G, Zhou Y, Müller MF, Adams DJ, Arends MJ. Ethanol-induced formation of colorectal tumours and precursors in a mouse model of Lynch syndrome. J Pathol 2021; 255:464-474. [PMID: 34543445 PMCID: PMC9291843 DOI: 10.1002/path.5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) confers inherited cancer predisposition due to germline mutations in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene, e.g. MSH2. MMR is a repair pathway for removal of base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. Loss of MMR through somatic alteration of the wild-type allele in LS results in defective MMR (dMMR). Lifestyle/environmental factors can modify colorectal cancer risk in sporadic and LS patients. Ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde are classified as group one carcinogens, and acetaldehyde causes a range of DNA lesions. However, DNA repair pathways responsible for correcting most of such DNA lesions remain uncharacterised. We hypothesised that MMR plays a role in protecting colorectal epithelium from ethanol/acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage. Here, an LS mouse model (intestinal epithelial conditional-knockout for Msh2) was used to determine if there is a gene-environment interaction between dMMR and ethanol/acetaldehyde that accelerates colorectal tumourigenesis in LS. Mice underwent either long-term ethanol treatment or water treatment. Most ethanol-treated mice demonstrated colonic hyperproliferation and adenoma formation (with some invasive adenocarcinomas) within 6 months (15/23, 65%), compared with one colonic tumour after 15 months in water-treated mice (1/23, 4%) (p < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). A significantly greater number of dMMR colonic crypt foci precursors were observed in ethanol-treated compared with water-treated mice (p = 0.0029, Student's t-test). Moreover, increased plasma acetaldehyde levels were detected in ethanol-treated compared with water-treated mice (p = 0.0019, Mann-Whitney U-test), along with significantly increased DNA damage response in the colonic epithelium. Long-term ethanol treatment was associated with significantly increased colonic epithelial proliferation and markedly reduced apoptosis in dMMR adenomas, consistent with enhanced survival of aberrant dMMR relative to MMR-proficient colonic epithelium. In conclusion, there is strong evidence for a gene-environment interaction between dMMR and acetaldehyde, causing acceleration of dMMR-driven colonic tumour formation in this LS model, indicating that advice to limit alcohol consumption should be considered for LS patients. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guia Cerretelli
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Ying Zhou
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Mike F Müller
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Mark J Arends
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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37
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Wang M, Chen S, Ao D. Targeting DNA repair pathway in cancer: Mechanisms and clinical application. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:654-691. [PMID: 34977872 PMCID: PMC8706759 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the growing understanding on DNA damage response (DDR) pathways has broadened the therapeutic landscape in oncology. It is becoming increasingly clear that the genomic instability of cells resulted from deficient DNA damage response contributes to the occurrence of cancer. One the other hand, these defects could also be exploited as a therapeutic opportunity, which is preferentially more deleterious in tumor cells than in normal cells. An expanding repertoire of DDR-targeting agents has rapidly expanded to inhibitors of multiple members involved in DDR pathways, including PARP, ATM, ATR, CHK1, WEE1, and DNA-PK. In this review, we sought to summarize the complex network of DNA repair machinery in cancer cells and discuss the underlying mechanism for the application of DDR inhibitors in cancer. With the past preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials, we also provide an overview of the history and current landscape of DDR inhibitors in cancer treatment, with special focus on the combination of DDR-targeted therapies with other cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Danyi Ao
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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38
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Zhan S, Siu J, Wang Z, Yu H, Bezabeh T, Deng Y, Du W, Fei P. Focal Point of Fanconi Anemia Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12976. [PMID: 34884777 PMCID: PMC8657418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among human genetic diseases, Fanconi Anemia (FA) tops all with its largest number of health complications in nearly all human organ systems, suggesting the significant roles played by FA genes in the maintenance of human health. With the accumulated research on FA, the encoded protein products by FA genes have been building up to the biggest cell defense signaling network, composed of not only 22+ FA proteins but also ATM, ATR, and many other non-FA proteins. The FA D2 group protein (FANCD2) and its paralog form the focal point of FA signaling to converge the effects of its upstream players in response to a variety of cellular insults and simultaneously with downstream players to protect humans from contracting diseases, including aging and cancer. In this review, we update and discuss how the FA signaling crucially eases cellular stresses through understanding its focal point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudong Zhan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jolene Siu
- Student Research Experience Program of University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tedros Bezabeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA;
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA;
| | - Peiwen Fei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.Y.)
- Student Research Experience Program of University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
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LNK (SH2B3) Inhibition Expands Healthy and Fanconi Anemia Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Blood Adv 2021; 6:731-745. [PMID: 34844262 PMCID: PMC8945310 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for a variety of hematological diseases. Allogenic HSCT requires hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from matched donors and comes with cytotoxicity and mortality. Recent advances in genome modification of HSCs have demonstrated the possibility of using autologous HSCT-based gene therapy to cure monogenic diseases, such as the inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome Fanconi Anemia (FA). However, for FA and other BMF syndromes insufficient HSC numbers with functional defects results in delayed hematopoietic recovery and increased risk of graft failure. We and others previously identified the adaptor protein Lnk (Sh2b3) as a critical negative regulator of murine HSC homeostasis. However, whether LNK (SH2B3) controls human HSCs has not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of LNK via lentiviral expression of miR30-based short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) resulted in robust expansion of transplantable human HSCs that provided balanced multilineage reconstitution in primary and secondary mouse recipients. Importantly, LNK depletion enhanced cytokine mediated JAK/STAT activation in CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Moreover, we demonstrate that LNK depletion expands primary HSPCs associated with FA. In xenotransplant, engraftment defects of FANCD2-depleted FA-like HSCs were markedly improved by LNK inhibition. Finally, targeting LNK in primary bone marrow HSPCs from FA patients enhanced their colony forming potential in vitro. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of targeting LNK to expand HSCs to improve HSCT and HSCT-based gene therapy.
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40
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Tyagi A, Haq S, Ramakrishna S. Redox regulation of DUBs and its therapeutic implications in cancer. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102194. [PMID: 34814083 PMCID: PMC8608616 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as a double-edged sword in cancer, where low levels of ROS are beneficial but excessive accumulation leads to cancer progression. Elevated levels of ROS in cancer are counteracted by the antioxidant defense system. An imbalance between ROS generation and the antioxidant system alters gene expression and cellular signaling, leading to cancer progression or death. Post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation, play a critical role in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis by controlling ROS production and clearance. Recent evidence suggests that deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)-mediated ubiquitin removal from substrates is regulated by ROS. ROS-mediated oxidation of the catalytic cysteine (Cys) of DUBs, leading to their reversible inactivation, has emerged as a key mechanism regulating DUB-controlled cellular events. A better understanding of the mechanism by which DUBs are susceptible to ROS and exploring the ways to utilize ROS to pharmacologically modulate DUB-mediated signaling pathways might provide new insight for anticancer therapeutics. This review assesses the recent findings regarding ROS-mediated signaling in cancers, emphasizes DUB regulation by oxidation, highlights the relevant recent findings, and proposes directions of future research based on the ROS-induced modifications of DUB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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41
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Rozelle AL, Lee S. Genotoxic C8-Arylamino-2'-deoxyadenosines Act as Latent Alkylating Agents to Induce DNA Interstrand Cross-Links. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18960-18976. [PMID: 34726902 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are extremely deleterious and structurally diverse, driving the evolution of ICL repair pathways. Discovering ICL-inducing agents is, thus, crucial for the characterization of ICL repair pathways and Fanconi anemia, a genetic disease caused by mutations in ICL repair genes. Although several studies point to oxidative stress as a cause of ICLs, oxidative stress-induced cross-linking events remain poorly characterized. Also, polycyclic aromatic amines, potent environmental carcinogens, have been implicated in producing ICLs, but their identities and sequences are unknown. To close this knowledge gap, we tested whether ICLs arise by the oxidation of 8-arylamino-2'-deoxyadenosine (ArNHdA) lesions, adducts produced by arylamino carcinogens. Herein, we report that ArNHdA acts as a latent cross-linking agent to generate ICLs under oxidative conditions. The formation of an ICL from 8-aminoadenine, but not from 8-aminoguanine, highlights the specificity of 8-aminopurine-mediated ICL production. Under the influence of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) nitrosoperoxycarbonate, ArNHdA (Ar = biphenyl, fluorenyl) lesions were selectively oxidized to generate ICLs. The cross-linking reaction may occur between the C2-ArNHdA and N2-dG, presumably via oxidation of ArNHdA into a reactive diiminoadenine intermediate followed by the nucleophilic attack of the N2-dG on the diiminoadenine. Overall, ArNHdA-mediated ICLs represent rare examples of ROS-induced ICLs and polycyclic aromatic amine-mediated ICLs. These results reveal novel cross-linking chemistry and the genotoxic effects of arylamino carcinogens and support the hypothesis that C8-modified adenines with low redox potential can cause ICLs in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Rozelle
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Seongmin Lee
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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42
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Allkanjari K, Baldock RA. Beyond base excision repair: an evolving picture of mitochondrial DNA repair. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211320. [PMID: 34608928 PMCID: PMC8527207 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly specialised organelles required for key cellular processes including ATP production through cellular respiration and controlling cell death via apoptosis. Unlike other organelles, mitochondria contain their own DNA genome which encodes both protein and RNA required for cellular respiration. Each cell may contain hundreds to thousands of copies of the mitochondrial genome, which is essential for normal cellular function - deviation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is associated with cellular ageing and disease. Furthermore, mtDNA lesions can arise from both endogenous or exogenous sources and must either be tolerated or corrected to preserve mitochondrial function. Importantly, replication of damaged mtDNA can lead to stalling and introduction of mutations or genetic loss, mitochondria have adapted mechanisms to repair damaged DNA. These mechanisms rely on nuclear-encoded DNA repair proteins that are translocated into the mitochondria. Despite the presence of many known nuclear DNA repair proteins being found in the mitochondrial proteome, it remains to be established which DNA repair mechanisms are functional in mammalian mitochondria. Here, we summarise the existing and emerging research, alongside examining proteomic evidence, demonstrating that mtDNA damage can be repaired using Base Excision Repair (BER), Homologous Recombination (HR) and Microhomology-mediated End Joining (MMEJ). Critically, these repair mechanisms do not operate in isolation and evidence for interplay between pathways and repair associated with replication is discussed. Importantly, characterising non-canonical functions of key proteins and understanding the bespoke pathways used to tolerate, repair or bypass DNA damage will be fundamental in fully understanding the causes of mitochondrial genome mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Allkanjari
- Formerly: Solent University Southampton, East Park Terrace, Southampton, SO14 0YN, UK
| | - Robert A. Baldock
- School of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Francis Close Hall, Swindon Road, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, UK
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43
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Lozinski M, Bowden NA, Graves MC, Fay M, Tooney PA. DNA damage repair in glioblastoma: current perspectives on its role in tumour progression, treatment resistance and PIKKing potential therapeutic targets. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:961-981. [PMID: 34057732 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggressive, invasive and treatment resistant nature of glioblastoma makes it one of the most lethal cancers in humans. Total surgical resection is difficult, and a combination of radiation and chemotherapy is used to treat the remaining invasive cells beyond the tumour border by inducing DNA damage and activating cell death pathways in glioblastoma cells. Unfortunately, recurrence is common and a major hurdle in treatment, often met with a more aggressive and treatment resistant tumour. A mechanism of resistance is the response of DNA repair pathways upon treatment-induced DNA damage, which enact cell-cycle arrest and repair of DNA damage that would otherwise cause cell death in tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we discuss the significance of DNA repair mechanisms in tumour formation, aggression and treatment resistance. We identify an underlying trend in the literature, wherein alterations in DNA repair pathways facilitate glioma progression, while established high-grade gliomas benefit from constitutively active DNA repair pathways in the repair of treatment-induced DNA damage. We also consider the clinical feasibility of inhibiting DNA repair in glioblastoma and current strategies of using DNA repair inhibitors as agents in combination with chemotherapy, radiation or immunotherapy. Finally, the importance of blood-brain barrier penetrance when designing novel small-molecule inhibitors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Lozinski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikola A Bowden
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Moira C Graves
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Fay
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Genesis Cancer Care, Gateshead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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44
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Marchal L, Hamsanathan S, Karthikappallil R, Han S, Shinglot H, Gurkar AU. Analysis of representative mutants for key DNA repair pathways on healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111573. [PMID: 34562508 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the link between DNA damage and aging is well accepted, the role of different DNA repair proteins on functional/physiological aging is not well-defined. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans, we systematically examined the effect of three DNA repair genes involved in key genome stability pathways. We assayed multiple health proxies including molecular, functional and resilience measures to define healthspan. Loss of XPF-1/ERCC-1, a protein involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER), homologous recombination (HR) and interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair, showed the highest impairment of functional and stress resilience measures along with a shortened lifespan. brc-1 mutants, with a well-defined role in HR and ICL are short-lived and highly sensitive to acute stressors, specifically oxidative stress. In contrast, ICL mutant, fcd-2 did not impact lifespan or most healthspan measures. Our efforts also uncover that DNA repair mutants show high sensitivity to oxidative stress with age, suggesting that this measure could act as a primary proxy for healthspan. Together, these data suggest that impairment of multiple DNA repair genes can drive functional/physiological aging. Further studies to examine specific DNA repair genes in a tissue specific manner will help dissect the importance and mechanistic role of these repair systems in biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Marchal
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Shruthi Hamsanathan
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Roshan Karthikappallil
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suhao Han
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Himaly Shinglot
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Kaufmann Medical Building Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centre, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA.
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45
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Tian X, Xu WH, Wu JL, Gan HL, Wang HK, Gu WJ, Qu YY, Zhang HL, Ye DW. Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Shares Distinct Molecular Characteristics and may be Significantly Associated With Higher Risk of Developing Second Primary Malignancy. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609809. [PMID: 34512202 PMCID: PMC8432294 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (ccpRCC) was considered to share similar molecular and histological characteristics with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC). Here we aimed to identify somatic and germline variants of ccpRCC. For this purpose, we conducted whole-exome sequencing to detect somatic variants in the tissues of 18 patients with pathologically confirmed ccpRCC, who underwent surgical treatment at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Targeted sequencing was conducted to detect germline variants in paired tumor or normal tissues or blood. Somatic and germline variants of ccRCC and Renal cell carcinoma included in The Cancer Genome Atlas data and other published data were analyzed as well. The molecular profiles of ccpRCC, ccRCC and pRCC were compared. Among the 387 somatic variants identified, TCEB1 (3/18) and VHL (3/18) variants occurred at the highest frequencies. Germline mutation detection showed that nine variants associated with Fanconi anemia (VAFAs) pathway (FANCA, 6/18; FANCI, 3/18) were identified in 18 ccpRCC patients. Among ccpRCC patients with VAFAs, five out of eight patients had second primary malignancy or family history of cancer. Somatic variants characteristics may distinguish ccpRCC from ccRCC or pRCC and germline VAFAs may be a molecular characterization of ccpRCC. Compared with ccRCC or pRCC, ccpRCC patients may be significantly correlated with higher risk of developing second primary malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tian
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Long Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Lei Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jie Gu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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46
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Mumblat H, Martinez-Conde A, Braten O, Munster M, Dor-On E, Schneiderman RS, Porat Y, Voloshin T, Davidi S, Blatt R, Shteingauz A, Tempel-Brami C, Zeevi E, Lajterer C, Shmueli Y, Danilov S, Haber A, Giladi M, Weinberg U, Kinzel A, Palti Y. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) downregulate the Fanconi Anemia-BRCA pathway and increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma preclinical models. Lung Cancer 2021; 160:99-110. [PMID: 34482104 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are low intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields with antimitotic effects on cancerous cells. TTFields concomitant with pemetrexed and a platinum agent are approved in the US and EU as first line therapy for unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The goal of the current study was to characterize the mechanism of action of TTFields in MPM cell lines and animal models. METHODS Human MPM cell lines MSTO-211H and NCI-H2052 were treated with TTFields to determine the frequency that elicits maximal cytotoxicity. The effect of TTFields on DNA damage and repair, and the cytotoxic effect of TTFields in combination with cisplatin and/or pemetrexed were examined. Efficacy of TTFields concomitant with cisplatin and pemetrexed was evaluated in orthotopic IL-45 and subcutaneous RN5 murine models. RESULTS TTFields at a frequency of 150 kHz demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity to MPM cells. Application of 150 kHz TTFields resulted in increased formation of DNA double strand breaks, elevated expression of DNA damage induced cell cycle arrest proteins, and reduced expression of Fanconi Anemia (FA)-BRCA DNA repair pathway proteins. Co-treatment of TTFields with cisplatin or pemetrexed significantly increased treatment efficacy versus each modality alone, with additivity and synergy exhibited by the TTFields-pemetrexed and TTFields-cisplatin combinations, respectively. In animal models, tumor volume was significantly lower for the TTFields-cisplatin-pemetrexed combination compared to control, accompanied by increased DNA damage within the tumor. CONCLUSION This research demonstrated that the efficacy of TTFields for the treatment of MPM is associated with reduced expression of FA-BRCA pathway proteins and increased DNA damage. This mechanism of action is consistent with the observed synergism for TTFields-cisplatin vs additivity for TTFields-pemetrexed, as cisplatin-induced DNA damage is repaired via the FA-BRCA pathway.
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47
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Tomar MS, Kumar A, Srivastava C, Shrivastava A. Elucidating the mechanisms of Temozolomide resistance in gliomas and the strategies to overcome the resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188616. [PMID: 34419533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-choice alkylating agent inducted as a gold standard therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and astrocytoma. A majority of patients do not respond to TMZ during the course of their treatment. Activation of DNA repair pathways is the principal mechanism for this phenomenon that detaches TMZ-induced O-6-methylguanine adducts and restores genomic integrity. Current understanding in the domain of oncology adds several other novel mechanisms of resistance such as the involvement of miRNAs, drug efflux transporters, gap junction's activity, the advent of glioma stem cells as well as upregulation of cell survival autophagy. This review describes a multifaceted account of different mechanisms responsible for the intrinsic and acquired TMZ-resistance. Here, we summarize different strategies that intensify the TMZ effect such as MGMT inhibition, development of novel imidazotetrazine analog, and combination therapy; with an aim to incorporate a successful treatment and increased overall survival in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manendra Singh Tomar
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Chhitij Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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48
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Gianni P, Matenoglou E, Geropoulos G, Agrawal N, Adnani H, Zafeiropoulos S, Miyara SJ, Guevara S, Mumford JM, Molmenti EP, Giannis D. The Fanconi anemia pathway and Breast Cancer: A comprehensive review of clinical data. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 22:10-25. [PMID: 34489172 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of breast cancer depends on several risk factors, including environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors. Despite the evolution of DNA sequencing techniques and biomarker detection, the epidemiology and mechanisms of various breast cancer susceptibility genes have not been elucidated yet. Dysregulation of the DNA damage response causes genomic instability and increases the rate of mutagenesis and the risk of carcinogenesis. The Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway is an important component of the DNA damage response and plays a critical role in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks and genomic stability. The FA pathway involves 22 recognized genes and specific mutations have been identified as the underlying defect in the majority of FA patients. A thorough understanding of the function and epidemiology of these genes in breast cancer is critical for the development and implementation of individualized therapies that target unique tumor profiles. Targeted therapies (PARP inhibitors) exploiting the FA pathway gene defects have been developed and have shown promising results. This narrative review summarizes the current literature on the involvement of FA genes in sporadic and familial breast cancer with a focus on clinical data derived from large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Gianni
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Evangelia Matenoglou
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Geropoulos
- Thoracic Surgery Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Nirav Agrawal
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY
| | - Harsha Adnani
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY
| | - Stefanos Zafeiropoulos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY
| | - Santiago J Miyara
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY
| | - Sara Guevara
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, NY
| | - James M Mumford
- Department of Family Medicine, Glen Cove Hospital, Glen Cove, New York, NY; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, NY
| | - Ernesto P Molmenti
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY; Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, NY; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, NY
| | - Dimitrios Giannis
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY.
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Hoes L, Dok R, Verstrepen KJ, Nuyts S. Ethanol-Induced Cell Damage Can Result in the Development of Oral Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153846. [PMID: 34359747 PMCID: PMC8345464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alcohol consumption is linked to 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancer cases worldwide. Despite this clear causal relationship, the exact molecular mechanisms by which ethanol damages cells are still under investigation. It is well-established that the metabolism of ethanol plays an important role. Ethanol metabolism yields reactive metabolites that can directly damage the DNA. If the damage is repaired incorrectly, mutations can be fixed in the DNA sequence. Whenever mutations affect key regulatory genes, for instance cell cycle regulating genes, uncontrolled cell growth can be the consequence. Recently, global patterns of mutations have been identified. These so-called mutational signatures represent a fingerprint of the different mutational processes over time. Interestingly, there were ethanol-related signatures discovered that did not associate with ethanol metabolism. This finding highlights there might be other molecular effects of ethanol that are yet to be discovered. Abstract Alcohol consumption is an underestimated risk factor for the development of precancerous lesions in the oral cavity. Although alcohol is a well-accepted recreational drug, 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancers worldwide are related to heavy drinking. Molecular mechanisms underlying this carcinogenic effect of ethanol are still under investigation. An important damaging effect comes from the first metabolite of ethanol, being acetaldehyde. Concentrations of acetaldehyde detected in the oral cavity are relatively high due to the metabolization of ethanol by oral microbes. Acetaldehyde can directly damage the DNA by the formation of mutagenic DNA adducts and interstrand crosslinks. Additionally, ethanol is known to affect epigenetic methylation and acetylation patterns, which are important regulators of gene expression. Ethanol-induced hypomethylation can activate the expression of oncogenes which subsequently can result in malignant transformation. The recent identification of ethanol-related mutational signatures emphasizes the role of acetaldehyde in alcohol-associated carcinogenesis. However, not all signatures associated with alcohol intake also relate to acetaldehyde. This finding highlights that there might be other effects of ethanol yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Hoes
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1634-7600; Fax: +32-1634-7623
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50
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Munkhjargal A, Kim MJ, Kim DY, Jeon YJ, Kee YH, Kim LK, Kim YH. Promyelocytic Leukemia Proteins Regulate Fanconi Anemia Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157782. [PMID: 34360546 PMCID: PMC8346011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is the core component of subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies that are known to play important roles in cell survival, DNA damage responses, and DNA repair. Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins are required for repairing interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs). Here we report a novel role of PML proteins, regulating the ICL repair pathway. We found that depletion of the PML protein led to the significant reduction of damage-induced FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination and FANCD2 foci formation. Consistently, the cells treated with siRNA against PML showed enhanced sensitivity to a crosslinking agent, mitomycin C. Further studies showed that depletion of PML reduced the protein expression of FANCA, FANCG, and FANCD2 via reduced transcriptional activity. Interestingly, we observed that damage-induced CHK1 phosphorylation was severely impaired in cells with depleted PML, and we demonstrated that CHK1 regulates FANCA, FANCG, and FANCD2 transcription. Finally, we showed that inhibition of CHK1 phosphorylation further sensitized cancer cells to mitomycin C. Taken together, these findings suggest that the PML is critical for damage-induced CHK1 phosphorylation, which is important for FA gene expression and for repairing ICLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudari Munkhjargal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (A.M.); (M.-J.K.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (A.M.); (M.-J.K.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Da-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (A.M.); (M.-J.K.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Young-Hoon Kee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Lark-Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
- Correspondence: (L.-K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-5402 (L.-K.K.); +82-2-710-9552 (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (A.M.); (M.-J.K.); (D.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.-K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-5402 (L.-K.K.); +82-2-710-9552 (Y.-H.K.)
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