1
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Canu V, Vaccarella S, Sacconi A, Pulito C, Goeman F, Pallocca M, Rutigliano D, Lev S, Strano S, Blandino G. Targeting of mutant-p53 and MYC as a novel strategy to inhibit oncogenic SPAG5 activity in triple negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:603. [PMID: 39164278 PMCID: PMC11336084 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease which currently has no effective therapeutic targets and prominent biomarkers. The Sperm Associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is a mitotic spindle associated protein with oncogenic function in several human cancers. In TNBC, increased SPAG5 expression has been associated with tumor progression, chemoresistance, relapse, and poor clinical outcome. Here we show that high SPAG5 expression in TNBC is regulated by coordinated activity of YAP, mutant p53 and MYC. Depletion of YAP or mutant p53 proteins reduced SPAG5 expression and the recruitment of MYC onto SPAG5 promoter. Targeting of MYC also reduced SPAG5 expression and concomitantly tumorigenicity of TNBC cells. These effects of MYC targeting were synergized with cytotoxic chemotherapy and markedly reduced TNBC oncogenicity in SPAG5-expression dependent manner. These results suggest that mutant p53-MYC-SPAG5 expression can be considered as bona fide predictors of patient's outcome, and reliable biomarkers for effective anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Canu
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Vaccarella
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pulito
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Frauke Goeman
- Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, UOSD SAFU, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pallocca
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Rutigliano
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sima Lev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, UOSD SAFU, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Graham K, Lienau P, Bader B, Prechtl S, Naujoks J, Lesche R, Weiske J, Kuehnlenz J, Brzezinka K, Potze L, Zanconato F, Nicke B, Montebaur A, Bone W, Golfier S, Kaulfuss S, Kopitz C, Pilari S, Steuber H, Hayat S, Kamburov A, Steffen A, Schlicker A, Buchgraber P, Braeuer N, Font NA, Heinrich T, Kuhnke L, Nowak-Reppel K, Stresemann C, Steigemann P, Walter AO, Blotta S, Ocker M, Lakner A, von Nussbaum F, Mumberg D, Eis K, Piccolo S, Lange M. Discovery of YAP1/TAZ pathway inhibitors through phenotypic screening with potent anti-tumor activity via blockade of Rho-GTPase signaling. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1247-1263.e16. [PMID: 38537632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
This study describes the identification and target deconvolution of small molecule inhibitors of oncogenic Yes-associated protein (YAP1)/TAZ activity with potent anti-tumor activity in vivo. A high-throughput screen (HTS) of 3.8 million compounds was conducted using a cellular YAP1/TAZ reporter assay. Target deconvolution studies identified the geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGTase-I) complex as the direct target of YAP1/TAZ pathway inhibitors. The small molecule inhibitors block the activation of Rho-GTPases, leading to subsequent inactivation of YAP1/TAZ and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Multi-parameter optimization resulted in BAY-593, an in vivo probe with favorable PK properties, which demonstrated anti-tumor activity and blockade of YAP1/TAZ signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Graham
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lienau
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bader
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Prechtl
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Naujoks
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Weiske
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kuehnlenz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Brzezinka
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisette Potze
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Nicke
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Montebaur
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bone
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Golfier
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaulfuss
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kopitz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Pilari
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Steuber
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Atanas Kamburov
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlicker
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Buchgraber
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Braeuer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nuria Aiguabella Font
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Heinrich
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Kuhnke
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Nowak-Reppel
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlo Stresemann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Steigemann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette O Walter
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simona Blotta
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ocker
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashley Lakner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz von Nussbaum
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Eis
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy; IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Lange
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Yang Y, Wu M, Pan Y, Hua Y, He X, Li X, Wang J, Gan X. WW domains form a folded type of nuclear localization signal to guide YAP1 nuclear import. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308013. [PMID: 38488622 PMCID: PMC10942854 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear translocation of YAP1 is significantly implicated in the proliferation, stemness, and metastasis of cancer cells. Although the molecular basis underlying YAP1 subcellular distribution has been extensively explored, it remains to be elucidated how the nuclear localization signal guides YAP1 to pass through the nuclear pore complex. Here, we define a globular type of nuclear localization signal composed of folded WW domains, named as WW-NLS. It directs YAP1 nuclear import through the heterodimeric nuclear transport receptors KPNA-KPNB1, bypassing the canonical nuclear localization signal that has been well documented in KPNA/KPNB1-mediated nuclear import. Strikingly, competitive interference with the function of the WW-NLS significantly attenuates YAP1 nuclear translocation and damages stemness gene activation and sphere formation in malignant breast cancer cells. Our findings elucidate a novel globular type of nuclear localization signal to facilitate nuclear entry of WW-containing proteins including YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengxiao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yue Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xinyu He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiyong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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4
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Warren R, Klinkhammer K, Lyu H, Yao C, Stripp B, De Langhe SP. Cell competition drives bronchiolization and pulmonary fibrosis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4177351. [PMID: 38746309 PMCID: PMC11092845 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4177351/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease arising from the maladaptive differentiation of lung stem cells into bronchial epithelial cells rather than into alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells, which are responsible for gas exchange. Here, we report that healthy lungs maintain their stem cells through tonic Hippo and β-catenin signaling, which promote Yap/Taz degradation and allow for low level expression of the Wnt target gene Myc. Inactivation of upstream activators of the Hippo pathway in lung stem cells inhibits this tonic β-catenin signaling and Myc expression and promotes their Taz mediated differentiation into AT1 cells. Vice versa, increased Myc in collaboration with Yap promotes the differentiation of lung stem cells along the basal and myoepithelial like lineages allowing them to invade and bronchiolize the lung parenchyma in a process reminiscent of submucosal gland development. Our findings indicate that stem cells exhibiting the highest Myc levels become supercompetitors that drive remodeling, whereas loser cells with lower Myc levels terminally differentiate into AT1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Warren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kylie Klinkhammer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Handeng Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry Stripp
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stijn P. De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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5
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Sadri F, Hosseini SF, Rezaei Z, Fereidouni M. Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in breast cancer: Reciprocal regulation of microRNAs and implications in precision medicine. Genes Dis 2024; 11:760-771. [PMID: 37692482 PMCID: PMC10491881 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease and the most common female malignancy. In recent years, therapy approaches have evolved to accommodate molecular diversity, with a focus on more biologically based therapies to minimize negative consequences. To regulate cell fate in human breast cells, the Hippo signaling pathway has been associated with the alpha subtype of estrogen receptors. This pathway regulates tissue size, regeneration, and healing, as well as the survival of tissue-specific stem cells, proliferation, and apoptosis in a variety of organs, allowing for cell differentiation. Hippo signaling is mediated by the kinases MST1, MST2, LATS1, and LATS2, as well as the adaptor proteins SAV1 and MOB. These kinases phosphorylate the downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP), and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), suppressing the expression of their downstream target genes. The Hippo signaling pathway kinase cascade plays a significant role in all cancers. Understanding the principles of this kinase cascade would prevent the occurrence of breast cancer. In recent years, small noncoding RNAs, or microRNAs, have been implicated in the development of several malignancies, including breast cancer. The interconnections between miRNAs and Hippo signaling pathway core proteins in the breast, on the other hand, remain poorly understood. In this review, we focused on highlighting the Hippo signaling system, its key parts, its importance in breast cancer, and its regulation by miRNAs and other related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Sadri
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Rezaei
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan 9816745785, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fereidouni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
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6
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Jari M, Abdoli S, Bazi Z, Shamsabadi FT, Roshanmehr F, Shahbazi M. Enhancing protein production and growth in chinese hamster ovary cells through miR-107 overexpression. AMB Express 2024; 14:16. [PMID: 38302631 PMCID: PMC10834913 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are widely employed as host cells for biopharmaceutical production. The manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals poses several challenges, including restricted growth potential and inadequate productivity of the host cells. MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and are considered highly promising tools for cell engineering to enhance protein production. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of miR-107, which is recognized as an onco-miR, on erythropoietin-producing CHO cells (CHO-hEPO). To assess the impact of miR-107 on CHO cells, a DNA plasmid containing miR-107 was introduced to CHO-hEPO cells through transfection. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed using the trypan blue dye exclusion method. Cell cycle analysis was conducted by utilizing propidium iodide (PI) staining. The quantification of EPO was determined using an immunoassay test. Moreover, the impact of miR-107 on the expression of downstream target genes was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Our findings highlight and underscore the substantial impact of transient miR-107 overexpression, which led to a remarkable 2.7-fold increase in EPO titers and a significant 1.6-fold increase in the specific productivity of CHO cells (p < 0.01). Furthermore, this intervention resulted in significant enhancements in cell viability and growth rate (p < 0.05). Intriguingly, the overexpression of miR‑107 was linked to the downregulation of LATS2, PTEN, and TSC1 genes while concurrently driving upregulation in transcript levels of MYC, YAP, mTOR, and S6K genes within transgenic CHO cells. In conclusion, this study collectively underscores the feasibility of utilizing cancer-associated miRNAs as a powerful tool for CHO cell engineering. However, more in-depth exploration is warranted to unravel the precise molecular intricacies of miR-107's effects in the context of CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jari
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Shastkola Road, Falsafi Complex, Gorgan, Zip code: 4934174611, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahriyar Abdoli
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Shastkola Road, Falsafi Complex, Gorgan, Zip code: 4934174611, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Bazi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Shastkola Road, Falsafi Complex, Gorgan, Zip code: 4934174611, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tash Shamsabadi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Shastkola Road, Falsafi Complex, Gorgan, Zip code: 4934174611, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Roshanmehr
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Shastkola Road, Falsafi Complex, Gorgan, Zip code: 4934174611, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Shastkola Road, Falsafi Complex, Gorgan, Zip code: 4934174611, Iran.
- AryaTina Gene (ATG) Biopharmaceutical Company Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran.
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7
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Sberna S, Lopez-Hernandez A, Biancotto C, Motta L, Andronache A, Verhoef LGGC, Caganova M, Campaner S. Identification of BRCC3 and BRCA1 as Regulators of TAZ Stability and Activity. Cells 2023; 12:2431. [PMID: 37887275 PMCID: PMC10605050 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
TAZ (WWTR1) is a transcriptional co-activator regulated by Hippo signaling, mechano-transduction, and G-protein couple receptors. Once activated, TAZ and its paralogue, YAP1, regulate gene expression programs promoting cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, thus controlling embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and aging. YAP and TAZ are also frequently activated in tumors, particularly in poorly differentiated and highly aggressive malignancies. Yet, mutations of YAP/TAZ or of their upstream regulators do not fully account for their activation in cancer, raising the possibility that other upstream regulatory pathways, still to be defined, are altered in tumors. In this work, we set out to identify novel regulators of TAZ by means of a siRNA-based screen. We identified 200 genes able to modulate the transcriptional activity of TAZ, with prominence for genes implicated in cell-cell contact, cytoskeletal tension, cell migration, WNT signaling, chromatin remodeling, and interleukins and NF-kappaB signaling. Among these genes we identified was BRCC3, a component of the BRCA1 complex that guards genome integrity and exerts tumor suppressive activity during cancer development. The loss of BRCC3 or BRCA1 leads to an increased level and activity of TAZ. Follow-up studies indicated that the cytoplasmic BRCA1 complex controls the ubiquitination and stability of TAZ. This may suggest that, in tumors, inactivating mutations of BRCA1 may unleash cell transformation by activating the TAZ oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT, CGS@SEMM (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia at European School of Molecular Medicine), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.S.)
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8
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Bernabé-Rubio M, Ali S, Bhosale PG, Goss G, Mobasseri SA, Tapia-Rojo R, Zhu T, Hiratsuka T, Battilocchi M, Tomás IM, Ganier C, Garcia-Manyes S, Watt FM. Myc-dependent dedifferentiation of Gata6 + epidermal cells resembles reversal of terminal differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1426-1438. [PMID: 37735598 PMCID: PMC10567550 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation is the process by which terminally differentiated cells acquire the properties of stem cells. During mouse skin wound healing, the differentiated Gata6-lineage positive cells of the sebaceous duct are able to dedifferentiate. Here we have integrated lineage tracing and single-cell mRNA sequencing to uncover the underlying mechanism. Gata6-lineage positive and negative epidermal stem cells in wounds are transcriptionally indistinguishable. Furthermore, in contrast to reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells, the same genes are expressed in the epidermal dedifferentiation and differentiation trajectories, indicating that dedifferentiation does not involve adoption of a new cell state. We demonstrate that dedifferentiation is not only induced by wounding, but also by retinoic acid treatment or mechanical expansion of the epidermis. In all three cases, dedifferentiation is dependent on the master transcription factor c-Myc. Mechanotransduction and actin-cytoskeleton remodelling are key features of dedifferentiation. Our study elucidates the molecular basis of epidermal dedifferentiation, which may be generally applicable to adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Bernabé-Rubio
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shahnawaz Ali
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Priyanka G Bhosale
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgina Goss
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rafael Tapia-Rojo
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
- Single Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
- Single Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Toru Hiratsuka
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Oncogenesis and Growth Regulation, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuoku, Japan
| | - Matteo Battilocchi
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Inês M Tomás
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clarisse Ganier
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
- Single Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Directors' Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Rodríguez TC, Kwan S, Smith JL, Dadafarin S, Wu CH, Sontheimer EJ, Xue W. Multiomics characterization of mouse hepatoblastoma identifies yes-associated protein 1 target genes. Hepatology 2023; 78:58-71. [PMID: 35932276 PMCID: PMC10205091 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary liver malignancy in childhood and lacks targeted therapeutic options. We previously engineered, to our knowledge, the first yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) S127A -inducible mouse model of HB, demonstrating tumor regression and redifferentiation after YAP1 withdrawal through genome-wide enhancer modulation. Probing accessibility, transcription, and YAP1 binding at regulatory elements in HB tumors may provide more insight into YAP1-driven tumorigenesis and expose exploitable vulnerabilities in HB. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using a multiomics approach, we integrated high-throughput transcriptome and chromatin profiling of our murine HB model to identify dynamic activity at candidate cis -regulatory elements (cCREs). We observed that 1301 of 305,596 cCREs exhibit "tumor-modified" (TM) accessibility in HB. We mapped 241 TM enhancers to corresponding genes using accessibility and histone H3K27Ac profiles. Anti-YAP1 cleavage under targets and tagmentation in tumors revealed 66 YAP1-bound TM cCRE/gene pairs, 31 of which decrease expression after YAP1 withdrawal. We validated the YAP1-dependent expression of a putative YAP1 target, Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2), in human HB cell lines using YAP1 and LATS1/2 small interfering RNA knockdown. We also confirmed YAP1-induced activity of the Jdp2 TM enhancer in vitro and discovered an analogous human enhancer in silico. Finally, we used transcription factor (TF) footprinting to identify putative YAP1 cofactors and characterize HB-specific TF activity genome wide. CONCLUSIONS Our chromatin-profiling techniques define the regulatory frameworks underlying HB and identify YAP1-regulated gene/enhancer pairs. JDP2 is an extensively validated target with YAP1-dependent expression in human HB cell lines and hepatic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás C. Rodríguez
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - SuetYan Kwan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Jordan L. Smith
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | - Chern-Horng Wu
- Division of Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington, Boston, MA, 02111
| | - Erik J. Sontheimer
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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10
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Jones DL, Hallström GF, Jiang X, Locke RC, Evans MK, Bonnevie ED, Srikumar A, Leahy TP, Nijsure MP, Boerckel JD, Mauck RL, Dyment NA. Mechanoepigenetic regulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis via Yap and Taz. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211947120. [PMID: 37216538 PMCID: PMC10235980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211947120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells integrate mechanical cues to direct fate specification to maintain tissue function and homeostasis. While disruption of these cues is known to lead to aberrant cell behavior and chronic diseases, such as tendinopathies, the underlying mechanisms by which mechanical signals maintain cell function are not well understood. Here, we show using a model of tendon de-tensioning that loss of tensile cues in vivo acutely changes nuclear morphology, positioning, and expression of catabolic gene programs, resulting in subsequent weakening of the tendon. In vitro studies using paired ATAC/RNAseq demonstrate that the loss of cellular tension rapidly reduces chromatin accessibility in the vicinity of Yap/Taz genomic targets while also increasing expression of genes involved in matrix catabolism. Concordantly, the depletion of Yap/Taz elevates matrix catabolic expression. Conversely, overexpression of Yap results in a reduction of chromatin accessibility at matrix catabolic gene loci, while also reducing transcriptional levels. The overexpression of Yap not only prevents the induction of this broad catabolic program following a loss of cellular tension, but also preserves the underlying chromatin state from force-induced alterations. Taken together, these results provide novel mechanistic details by which mechanoepigenetic signals regulate tendon cell function through a Yap/Taz axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota L. Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Grey F. Hallström
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ryan C. Locke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Mary Kate Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Edward D. Bonnevie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Anjana Srikumar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Thomas P. Leahy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Madhura P. Nijsure
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Joel D. Boerckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Nathaniel A. Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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11
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Croci O, Campaner S. ChroKit: a Shiny-based framework for interactive analysis, visualization and integration of genomic data. Nucleic Acids Res 2023:7152871. [PMID: 37144464 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed ChroKit (the Chromatin toolKit), an interactive web-based framework written in R that enables intuitive exploration, multidimensional analyses, and visualization of genomic data from ChIP-Seq, DNAse-Seq or any other NGS experiment that reports the enrichment of aligned reads over genomic regions. This program takes preprocessed NGS data and performs operations on genomic regions of interest, including resetting their boundaries, their annotation based on proximity to genomic features, the association to gene ontologies, and signal enrichment calculations. Genomic regions can be further refined or subsetted by user-defined logical operations and unsupervised classification algorithms. ChroKit generates a full range of plots that are easily manipulated by point and click operations, thus allowing 'on the fly' re-analysis and fast exploration of the data. Working sessions can be exported for reproducibility, accountability, and easy sharing within the bioinformatics community. ChroKit is multiplatform and can be deployed on a server to enhance computational speed and provide simultaneous access by multiple users. ChroKit is a fast and intuitive genomic analysis tool suited for a wide range of users due to its architecture and its user-friendly graphical interface. ChroKit source code is available at https://github.com/ocroci/ChroKit and the Docker image at https://hub.docker.com/r/ocroci/chrokit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavio Croci
- Center for Genomic Science of CGS@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan20139, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of CGS@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan20139, Italy
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12
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Swenson-Fields KI, Ward CJ, Lopez ME, Fross S, Heimes Dillon AL, Meisenheimer JD, Rabbani AJ, Wedlock E, Basu MK, Jansson KP, Rowe PS, Stubbs JR, Wallace DP, Vitek MP, Fields TA. Caspase-1 and the inflammasome promote polycystic kidney disease progression. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:971219. [PMID: 36523654 PMCID: PMC9745047 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.971219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We and others have previously shown that the presence of renal innate immune cells can promote polycystic kidney disease (PKD) progression. In this study, we examined the influence of the inflammasome, a key part of the innate immune system, on PKD. The inflammasome is a system of molecular sensors, receptors, and scaffolds that responds to stimuli like cellular damage or microbes by activating Caspase-1, and generating critical mediators of the inflammatory milieu, including IL-1β and IL-18. We provide evidence that the inflammasome is primed in PKD, as multiple inflammasome sensors were upregulated in cystic kidneys from human ADPKD patients, as well as in kidneys from both orthologous (PKD1 RC/RC or RC/RC) and non-orthologous (jck) mouse models of PKD. Further, we demonstrate that the inflammasome is activated in female RC/RC mice kidneys, and this activation occurs in renal leukocytes, primarily in CD11c+ cells. Knock-out of Casp1, the gene encoding Caspase-1, in the RC/RC mice significantly restrained cystic disease progression in female mice, implying sex-specific differences in the renal immune environment. RNAseq analysis implicated the promotion of MYC/YAP pathways as a mechanism underlying the pro-cystic effects of the Caspase-1/inflammasome in females. Finally, treatment of RC/RC mice with hydroxychloroquine, a widely used immunomodulatory drug that has been shown to inhibit the inflammasome, protected renal function specifically in females and restrained cyst enlargement in both male and female RC/RC mice. Collectively, these results provide evidence for the first time that the activated Caspase-1/inflammasome promotes cyst expansion and disease progression in PKD, particularly in females. Moreover, the data suggest that this innate immune pathway may be a relevant target for therapy in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine I. Swenson-Fields
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ward
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Micaila E. Lopez
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Shaneann Fross
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Anna L. Heimes Dillon
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - James D. Meisenheimer
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Adib J. Rabbani
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Emily Wedlock
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Malay K. Basu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Kyle P. Jansson
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Peter S. Rowe
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jason R. Stubbs
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Darren P. Wallace
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Michael P. Vitek
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Resilio Therapeutics LLC, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Timothy A. Fields
- The Jared J. Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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13
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Hu X, Zhang Y, Yu H, Zhao Y, Sun X, Li Q, Wang Y. The role of YAP1 in survival prediction, immune modulation, and drug response: A pan-cancer perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012173. [PMID: 36479120 PMCID: PMC9719955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway has been implicated in multiple pathologies, including cancer, and YAP1 is the major effector of the pathway. In this study, we assessed the role of YAP1 in prognostic value, immunomodulation, and drug response from a pan-cancer perspective. Methods We compared YAP1 expression between normal and cancerous tissues and among different pathologic stages survival analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. Additionally, we performed correlation analyses of YAP1 expression with RNA modification-related gene expression, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune checkpoint regulator expression, and infiltration of immune cells. Correlations between YAP1 expression and IC50s (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations) of drugs in the CellMiner database were calculated. Results We found that YAP1 was aberrantly expressed in various cancer types and regulated by its DNA methylation and post-transcriptional modifications, particularly m6A methylation. High expression of YAP1 was associated with poor survival outcomes in ACC, BLCA, LGG, LUAD, and PAAD. YAP1 expression was negatively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ Th1 cells, T follicular helper cells, NKT cells, and activated NK cells, and positively correlated with the infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in pan-cancer. Higher YAP1 expression showed upregulation of TGF-β signaling, Hedgehog signaling, and KRAS signaling. IC50s of FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs capable of inhibiting DNA synthesis, including teniposide, dacarbazine, and doxorubicin, as well as inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor, MCL-1, ribonucleotide reductase, and FASN in clinical trials were negatively correlated with YAP1 expression. Discussion In conclusion, YAP1 is aberrantly expressed in various cancer types and regulated by its DNA methylation and post-transcriptional modifications. High expression of YAP1 is associated with poor survival outcomes in certain cancer types. YAP1 may promote tumor progression through immunosuppression, particularly by suppressing the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ Th1 cells, T follicular helper cells, NKT cells, and activated NK cells, as well as recruiting MDSCs and CAFs in pan-cancer. The tumor-promoting activity of YAP1 is attributed to the activation of TGF-β, Hedgehog, and KRAS signaling pathways. AZD2858 and varlitinib might be effective in cancer patients with high YAP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Biagioni F, Croci O, Sberna S, Donato E, Sabò A, Bisso A, Curti L, Chiesa A, Campaner S. Decoding YAP dependent transcription in the liver. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7959-7971. [PMID: 35871292 PMCID: PMC9371928 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator YAP is emerging as a master regulator of cell growth. In the liver, YAP activity is linked to hepatomegaly, regeneration, dedifferentiation, and aggressive tumor growth. Here we present genomic studies to address how YAP may elicit such profound biological changes in murine models. YAP bound the genome in a TEAD-dependent manner, either at loci constitutively occupied by TEAD or by pioneering enhancers, which comprised a fraction of HNF4a/FOXA-bound embryonic enhancers active during embryonic development but silent in the adult. YAP triggered transcription on promoters by recruiting BRD4, enhancing H3K122 acetylation, and promoting RNApol2 loading and pause-release. YAP also repressed HNF4a target genes by binding to their promoters and enhancers, thus preventing RNApol2 pause-release. YAP activation led to the induction of hepatocyte proliferation, accompanied by tissue remodeling, characterized by polarized macrophages, exhausted T-lymphocytes and dedifferentiation of endothelial cells into proliferative progenitors. Overall, these analyses suggest that YAP is a master regulator of liver function that reshapes the enhancer landscape to control transcription of genes involved in metabolism, proliferation, and inflammation, subverts lineage specification programs by antagonizing HNF4a and modulating the immune infiltrate and the vascular architecture of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Biagioni
- Center for Genomic Science of CGS@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Milan , Italy
| | - Ottavio Croci
- Center for Genomic Science of CGS@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Milan , Italy
| | - Silvia Sberna
- Center for Genomic Science of CGS@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Milan , Italy
| | - Elisa Donato
- Center for Genomic Science of CGS@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Milan , Italy
| | - Arianna Sabò
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO)-IRCCS , Milan , Italy
| | - Andrea Bisso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO)-IRCCS , Milan , Italy
| | - Laura Curti
- Center for Genomic Science of CGS@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Milan , Italy
| | - Arianna Chiesa
- Center for Genomic Science of CGS@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Milan , Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of CGS@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Milan , Italy
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15
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Koral K, Bhushan B, Orr A, Stoops J, Bowen WC, Copeland MA, Locker J, Mars WM, Michalopoulos GK. Lymphocyte-Specific Protein-1 Suppresses Xenobiotic-Induced Constitutive Androstane Receptor and Subsequent Yes-Associated Protein-Activated Hepatocyte Proliferation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:887-903. [PMID: 35390317 PMCID: PMC9194659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) transcription factor by xenobiotics promotes hepatocellular proliferation, promotes hypertrophy without liver injury, and induces drug metabolism genes. Previous work demonstrated that lymphocyte-specific protein-1 (LSP1), an F-actin binding protein and gene involved in human hepatocellular carcinoma, suppresses hepatocellular proliferation after partial hepatectomy. The current study investigated the role of LSP1 in liver enlargement induced by chemical mitogens, a regenerative process independent of tissue loss. 1,4-Bis [2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP), a direct CAR ligand and strong chemical mitogen, was administered to global Lsp1 knockout and hepatocyte-specific Lsp1 transgenic (TG) mice and measured cell proliferation, hypertrophy, and expression of CAR-dependent drug metabolism genes. TG livers displayed a significant decrease in Ki-67 labeling and liver/body weight ratios compared with wild type on day 2. Surprisingly, this was reversed by day 5, due to hepatocyte hypertrophy. There was no difference in CAR-regulated drug metabolism genes between wild type and TG. TG livers displayed increased Yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation, decreased nuclear YAP, and direct interaction between LSP1 and YAP, suggesting LSP1 suppresses TCPOBOP-driven hepatocellular proliferation, but not hepatocyte volume, through YAP. Conversely, loss of LSP1 led to increased hepatocellular proliferation on days 2, 5, and 7. LSP1 selectively suppresses CAR-induced hepatocellular proliferation, but not drug metabolism, through the interaction of LSP1 with YAP, supporting the role of LSP1 as a selective growth suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Koral
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Orr
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Stoops
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William C Bowen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew A Copeland
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Locker
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy M Mars
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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16
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Quaresma MC, Botelho HM, Pankonien I, Rodrigues CS, Pinto MC, Costa PR, Duarte A, Amaral MD. Exploring YAP1-centered networks linking dysfunctional CFTR to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/9/e202101326. [PMID: 35500936 PMCID: PMC9060002 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a systems biology approach identifies potentially dysregulated EMT signaling in CF (including the Hippo, Wnt, TGF-β, p53, and MYC pathways), integrated by YAP1 and TEAD4. Mutations in the CFTR anion channel cause cystic fibrosis (CF) and have also been related to higher cancer incidence. Previously we proposed that this is linked to an emerging role of functional CFTR in protecting against epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the pathways bridging dysfunctional CFTR to EMT remain elusive. Here, we applied systems biology to address this question. Our data show that YAP1 is aberrantly active in the presence of mutant CFTR, interacting with F508del, but not with wt-CFTR, and that YAP1 knockdown rescues F508del-CFTR processing and function. Subsequent analysis of YAP1 interactors and roles in cells expressing either wt- or F508del-CFTR reveal that YAP1 is an important mediator of the fibrotic/EMT processes in CF. Alongside, five main pathways emerge here as key in linking mutant CFTR to EMT, namely, (1) the Hippo pathway; (2) the Wnt pathway; (3) the TGFβ pathway; (4) the p53 pathway; and (5) MYC signaling. Several potential hub proteins which mediate the crosstalk among these pathways were also identified, appearing as potential therapeutic targets for both CF and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida C Quaresma
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Botelho
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Pankonien
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Rodrigues
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena C Pinto
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pau R Costa
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aires Duarte
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Jia M, Li Q, Guo J, Shi W, Zhu L, Huang Y, Li Y, Wang L, Ma S, Zhuang T, Wang X, Pan Q, Wei X, Qin Y, Li X, Jin J, Zhi X, Tang J, Jing Q, Li S, Jiang L, Qu L, Osto E, Zhang J, Wang X, Yu B, Meng D. Deletion of BACH1 Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Reducing Endothelial Inflammation. Circ Res 2022; 130:1038-1055. [PMID: 35196865 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor BACH1 (BTB and CNC homology 1) suppressed endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation and migration and impaired angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimbs of adult mice. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of BACH1 in atherosclerosis remain unclear. METHODS Mouse models of atherosclerosis in endothelial cell (EC)-specific-Bach1 knockout mice were used to study the role of BACH1 in the regulation of atherogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Genetic analyses revealed that coronary artery disease-associated risk variant rs2832227 was associated with BACH1 gene expression in carotid plaques from patients. BACH1 was upregulated in ECs of human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques. Endothelial Bach1 deficiency decreased turbulent blood flow- or western diet-induced atherosclerotic lesions, macrophage content in plaques, expression of endothelial adhesion molecules (ICAM1 [intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1] and VCAM1 [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1]), and reduced plasma TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-1β levels in atherosclerotic mice. BACH1 deletion or knockdown inhibited monocyte-endothelial adhesion and reduced oscillatory shear stress or TNF-α-mediated induction of endothelial adhesion molecules and/or proinflammatory cytokines in mouse ECs, human umbilical vein ECs, and human aortic ECs. Mechanistic studies showed that upon oscillatory shear stress or TNF-α stimulation, BACH1 and YAP (yes-associated protein) were induced and translocated into the nucleus in ECs. BACH1 upregulated YAP expression by binding to the YAP promoter. BACH1 formed a complex with YAP inducing the transcription of adhesion molecules. YAP overexpression in ECs counteracted the antiatherosclerotic effect mediated by Bach1-deletion in mice. Rosuvastatin inhibited BACH1 expression by upregulating microRNA let-7a in ECs, and decreased Bach1 expression in the vascular endothelium of hyperlipidemic mice. BACH1 was colocalized with YAP, and the expression of BACH1 was positively correlated with YAP and proinflammatory genes, as well as adhesion molecules in human atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS These data identify BACH1 as a mechanosensor of hemodynamic stress and reveal that the BACH1-YAP transcriptional network is essential to vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. BACH1 shows potential as a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Qinhan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Jieyu Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Weihao Shi
- Vascular Service, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (W.S., L.Z., Y.H., B.Y.)
| | - Lei Zhu
- Vascular Service, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (W.S., L.Z., Y.H., B.Y.)
| | - Yijun Huang
- Vascular Service, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (W.S., L.Z., Y.H., B.Y.)
| | - Yongbo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China (L.W.)
| | - Siyu Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Xiaoqun Wang.)
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Xiangxiang Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Yue Qin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Jiayu Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Jingdong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, China (J.T., B.Y.)
| | - Qing Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Q.J.)
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Lindi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, (L.J.).,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudon (L.J.)
| | - Lefeng Qu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China (L.Q.)
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O.)
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.)
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
| | - Bo Yu
- Vascular Service, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (W.S., L.Z., Y.H., B.Y.).,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, China (J.T., B.Y.)
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei., Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang, D.M.).,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (M.J., Q.L., J.G., Y.L., S.M., T.Z., Q.P., X. Wei, Y.Q., X.L., J.J., X.Z., S.L., Xinhong Wang., D.M.)
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Torrino S, Bertero T. Metabo-reciprocity in cell mechanics: feeling the demands/feeding the demand. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:624-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Porukala M, Vinod PK. Systems-level analysis of transcriptome reorganization during liver regeneration. Mol Omics 2022; 18:315-327. [DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00382h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis and regeneration depend on the reversible transitions between quiescence (G0) and proliferation. The liver has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury or resection by cell growth and...
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20
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Chuang LSH, Ito Y. The Multiple Interactions of RUNX with the Hippo-YAP Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:2925. [PMID: 34831147 PMCID: PMC8616315 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP signaling pathway serves roles in cell proliferation, stem cell renewal/maintenance, differentiation and apoptosis. Many of its functions are central to early development, adult tissue repair/regeneration and not surprisingly, tumorigenesis and metastasis. The Hippo pathway represses the activity of YAP and paralog TAZ by modulating cell proliferation and promoting differentiation to maintain tissue homeostasis and proper organ size. Similarly, master regulators of development RUNX transcription factors have been shown to play critical roles in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell fate determination. In this review, we discuss the multiple interactions of RUNX with the Hippo-YAP pathway, their shared collaborators in Wnt, TGFβ, MYC and RB pathways, and their overlapping functions in development and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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21
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Qian X, Zhang W, Yang H, Zhang L, Kang N, Lai J. Role of Yes-associated Protein-1 in Gastrointestinal Cancers and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2021; 6:110-117. [PMID: 34589656 PMCID: PMC8478289 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2021.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) is a potent transcriptional co-activator and functions as an important downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, which is key to regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and organ growth. YAP1 has been implicated as an oncogene for various human cancers including gastrointestinal cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). YAP1 promotes tumorigenesis and cancer progression by multiple mechanisms, such as by promoting malignant phenotypes, expanding cancer stem cells, and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. YAP1 overexpression or its activated forms are associated with advanced pathological grades and poor prognosis of cancer, and therefore targeting YAP1 may open a fertile avenue for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent evidence regarding the role of YAP1 in the carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Princeton Medical center, Rutgers University, Plainsboro, NJ, USA
| | - Ningling Kang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Correspondence to: Jinping Lai, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA. Tel:+1 916-973-7260, Fax:+1 916-973-7283,
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22
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Liu S, Tang L, Zhao X, Nguyen B, Heallen TR, Li M, Wang J, Wang J, Martin JF. Yap Promotes Noncanonical Wnt Signals From Cardiomyocytes for Heart Regeneration. Circ Res 2021; 129:782-797. [PMID: 34424032 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liu
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (S.L., T.R.H., J.F.M.)
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.T., B.N., J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (L.T., Jianxin Wang)
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (X.Z., J.W.)
| | - Bao Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.T., B.N., J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX
| | - Todd R Heallen
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (S.L., T.R.H., J.F.M.)
| | | | - Jianxin Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (L.T., Jianxin Wang)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (X.Z., J.W.)
| | - James F Martin
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (S.L., T.R.H., J.F.M.).,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.T., B.N., J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX
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Lopez-Hernandez A, Sberna S, Campaner S. Emerging Principles in the Transcriptional Control by YAP and TAZ. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164242. [PMID: 34439395 PMCID: PMC8391352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YAP and TAZ are transcriptional cofactors that integrate several upstream signals to generate context-dependent transcriptional responses. This requires extensive integration with epigenetic regulators and other transcription factors. The molecular and genomic characterization of YAP and TAZ nuclear function has broad implications both in physiological and pathological settings. Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP) and TAZ are transcriptional cofactors that sit at the crossroad of several signaling pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation. As such, they play essential functions during embryonic development, regeneration, and, once deregulated, in cancer progression. In this review, we will revise the current literature and provide an overview of how YAP/TAZ control transcription. We will focus on data concerning the modulation of the basal transcriptional machinery, their ability to epigenetically remodel the enhancer–promoter landscape, and the mechanisms used to integrate transcriptional cues from multiple pathways. This reveals how YAP/TAZ activation in cancer cells leads to extensive transcriptional control that spans several hallmarks of cancer. The definition of the molecular mechanism of transcriptional control and the identification of the pathways regulated by YAP/TAZ may provide therapeutic opportunities for the effective treatment of YAP/TAZ-driven tumors.
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Morciano G, Vezzani B, Missiroli S, Boncompagni C, Pinton P, Giorgi C. An Updated Understanding of the Role of YAP in Driving Oncogenic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123100. [PMID: 34205830 PMCID: PMC8234554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2020, the global cancer database GLOBOCAN estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide. The discovery of targeted therapies may help prognosis and outcome of the patients affected, but the understanding of the plethora of highly interconnected pathways that modulate cell transformation, proliferation, invasion, migration and survival remains an ambitious goal. Here we propose an updated state of the art of YAP as the key protein driving oncogenic response via promoting all those steps at multiple levels. Of interest, the role of YAP in immunosuppression is a field of evolving research and growing interest and this summary about the current pharmacological therapies impacting YAP serves as starting point for future studies. Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP) has emerged as a key component in cancer signaling and is considered a potent oncogene. As such, nuclear YAP participates in complex and only partially understood molecular cascades that are responsible for the oncogenic response by regulating multiple processes, including cell transformation, tumor growth, migration, and metastasis, and by acting as an important mediator of immune and cancer cell interactions. YAP is finely regulated at multiple levels, and its localization in cells in terms of cytoplasm–nucleus shuttling (and vice versa) sheds light on interesting novel anticancer treatment opportunities and putative unconventional functions of the protein when retained in the cytosol. This review aims to summarize and present the state of the art knowledge about the role of YAP in cancer signaling, first focusing on how YAP differs from WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, also named as TAZ) and which upstream factors regulate it; then, this review focuses on the role of YAP in different cancer stages and in the crosstalk between immune and cancer cells as well as growing translational strategies derived from its inhibitory and synergistic effects with existing chemo-, immuno- and radiotherapies.
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High Yap and Mll1 promote a persistent regenerative cell state induced by Notch signaling and loss of p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019699118. [PMID: 34039707 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019699118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Specified intestinal epithelial cells reprogram and contribute to the regeneration and renewal of the epithelium upon injury. Mutations that deregulate such renewal processes may contribute to tumorigenesis. Using intestinal organoids, we show that concomitant activation of Notch signaling and ablation of p53 induce a highly proliferative and regenerative cell state, which is associated with increased levels of Yap and the histone methyltransferase Mll1. The induced signaling system orchestrates high proliferation, self-renewal, and niche-factor-independent growth, and elevates the trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). We demonstrate that Yap and Mll1 are also elevated in patient-derived colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids and control growth and viability. Our data suggest that Notch activation and p53 ablation induce a signaling circuitry involving Yap and the epigenetic regulator Mll1, which locks cells in a proliferative and regenerative state that renders them susceptible for tumorigenesis.
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26
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Bhushan B, Molina L, Koral K, Stoops JW, Mars WM, Banerjee S, Orr A, Paranjpe S, Monga SP, Locker J, Michalopoulos GK. Yes-Associated Protein Is Crucial for Constitutive Androstane Receptor-Driven Hepatocyte Proliferation But Not for Induction of Drug Metabolism Genes in Mice. Hepatology 2021; 73:2005-2022. [PMID: 32794202 PMCID: PMC7885729 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) agonists, such as 1,4-bis [2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP), are known to cause robust hepatocyte proliferation and hepatomegaly in mice along with induction of drug metabolism genes without any associated liver injury. Yes-associated protein (Yap) is a key transcription regulator that tightly controls organ size, including that of liver. Our and other previous studies suggested increased nuclear localization and activation of Yap after TCPOBOP treatment in mice and the potential role of Yap in CAR-driven proliferative response. Here, we investigated a direct role of Yap in CAR-driven hepatomegaly and hepatocyte proliferation using hepatocyte-specific Yap-knockout (KO) mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Adeno-associated virus 8-thyroxine binding globulin promoter-Cre recombinase vector was injected to Yap-floxed mice for achieving hepatocyte-specific Yap deletion followed by TCPOBOP treatment. Yap deletion did not decrease protein expression of CAR or CAR-driven induction of drug metabolism genes (including cytochrome P450 [Cyp] 2b10, Cyp2c55, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1a1 [Ugt1a1]). However, Yap deletion substantially reduced TCPOBOP-induced hepatocyte proliferation. TCPOBOP-driven cell cycle activation was disrupted in Yap-KO mice because of delayed (and decreased) induction of cyclin D1 and higher expression of p21, resulting in decreased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Furthermore, the induction of other cyclins, which are sequentially involved in progression through cell cycle (including cyclin E1, A2, and B1), and important mitotic regulators (such as Aurora B kinase and polo-like kinase 1) was remarkably reduced in Yap-KO mice. Microarray analysis revealed that 26% of TCPOBOP-responsive genes that were mainly related to proliferation, but not to drug metabolism, were altered by Yap deletion. Yap regulated these proliferation genes through alerting expression of Myc and forkhead box protein M1, two critical transcriptional regulators of CAR-mediated hepatocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed an important role of Yap signaling in CAR-driven hepatocyte proliferation; however, CAR-driven induction of drug metabolism genes was independent of Yap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Laura Molina
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Kelly Koral
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - John W. Stoops
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Wendy M. Mars
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Swati Banerjee
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Anne Orr
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Shirish Paranjpe
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Joseph Locker
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - George K. Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
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New Insights into YES-Associated Protein Signaling Pathways in Hematological Malignancies: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081981. [PMID: 33924049 PMCID: PMC8073623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YES-associated protein (YAP) is a co-transcriptional activator that binds to transcriptional factors to increase the rate of transcription of a set of genes, and it can intervene in the onset and progression of different tumors. Most of the data in the literature refer to the effects of the YAP system in solid neoplasms. In this review, we analyze the possibility that YAP can also intervene in hematological neoplasms such as lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and acute and chronic leukemias, modifying the phenomena of cell proliferation and cell death. The possibilities of pharmacological intervention related to the YAP system in an attempt to use its modulation therapeutically are also discussed. Abstract The Hippo/YES-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway is a cell survival and proliferation-control system with its main activity that of regulating cell growth and organ volume. YAP operates as a transcriptional coactivator in regulating the onset, progression, and treatment response in numerous human tumors. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of YAP in the control of the hematopoietic system, in physiological conditions rather than in hematological diseases. Nevertheless, several reports have proposed that the effects of YAP in tumor cells are cell-dependent and cell-type-determined, even if YAP usually interrelates with extracellular signaling to stimulate the onset and progression of tumors. In the present review, we report the most recent findings in the literature on the relationship between the YAP system and hematological neoplasms. Moreover, we evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the modulation of the YAP system in the treatment of malignancies. Given the effects of the YAP system in immunosurveillance, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance, further studies on interactions between the YAP system and hematological malignancies will offer very relevant information for the targeting of these diseases employing YAP modifiers alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs.
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Pellanda P, Dalsass M, Filipuzzi M, Loffreda A, Verrecchia A, Castillo Cano V, Thabussot H, Doni M, Morelli MJ, Soucek L, Kress T, Mazza D, Mapelli M, Beaulieu ME, Amati B, Sabò A. Integrated requirement of non-specific and sequence-specific DNA binding in Myc-driven transcription. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105464. [PMID: 33792944 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic transcription factors recognize specific DNA sequence motifs, but are also endowed with generic, non-specific DNA-binding activity. How these binding modes are integrated to determine select transcriptional outputs remains unresolved. We addressed this question by site-directed mutagenesis of the Myc transcription factor. Impairment of non-specific DNA backbone contacts caused pervasive loss of genome interactions and gene regulation, associated with increased intra-nuclear mobility of the Myc protein in murine cells. In contrast, a mutant lacking base-specific contacts retained DNA-binding and mobility profiles comparable to those of the wild-type protein, but failed to recognize its consensus binding motif (E-box) and could not activate Myc-target genes. Incidentally, this mutant gained weak affinity for an alternative motif, driving aberrant activation of different genes. Altogether, our data show that non-specific DNA binding is required to engage onto genomic regulatory regions; sequence recognition in turn contributes to transcriptional activation, acting at distinct levels: stabilization and positioning of Myc onto DNA, and-unexpectedly-promotion of its transcriptional activity. Hence, seemingly pervasive genome interaction profiles, as detected by ChIP-seq, actually encompass diverse DNA-binding modalities, driving defined, sequence-dependent transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pellanda
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Dalsass
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Loffreda
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Virginia Castillo Cano
- Peptomyc S.L., Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mirko Doni
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco J Morelli
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Soucek
- Peptomyc S.L., Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Theresia Kress
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mazza
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mapelli
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Sabò
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Szulzewsky F, Holland EC, Vasioukhin V. YAP1 and its fusion proteins in cancer initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance. Dev Biol 2021; 475:205-221. [PMID: 33428889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
YAP1 is a transcriptional co-activator whose activity is controlled by the Hippo signaling pathway. In addition to important functions in normal tissue homeostasis and regeneration, YAP1 has also prominent functions in cancer initiation, aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review we are discussing the molecular functions of YAP1 and its roles in cancer, with a focus on the different mechanisms of de-regulation of YAP1 activity in human cancers, including inactivation of upstream Hippo pathway tumor suppressors, regulation by intersecting pathways, miRNAs, and viral oncogenes. We are also discussing new findings on the function and biology of the recently identified family of YAP1 gene fusions, that constitute a new type of activating mutation of YAP1 and that are the likely oncogenic drivers in several subtypes of human cancers. Lastly, we also discuss different strategies of therapeutic inhibition of YAP1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Seattle Tumor Translational Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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30
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Passaro F, De Martino I, Zambelli F, Di Benedetto G, Barbato M, D'Erchia AM, Manzari C, Pesole G, Mutarelli M, Cacchiarelli D, Antonini D, Parisi S, Russo T. YAP contributes to DNA methylation remodeling upon mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100138. [PMID: 33268382 PMCID: PMC7948423 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yes-associated protein (YAP), one of the major effectors of the Hippo pathway together with its related protein WW-domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1; also known as TAZ), mediates a range of cellular processes from proliferation and death to morphogenesis. YAP and WW-domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1; also known as TAZ) regulate a large number of target genes, acting as coactivators of DNA-binding transcription factors or as negative regulators of transcription by interacting with the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complexes. YAP is expressed in self-renewing embryonic stem cells (ESCs), although it is still debated whether it plays any crucial roles in the control of either stemness or differentiation. Here we show that the transient downregulation of YAP in mouse ESCs perturbs cellular homeostasis, leading to the inability to differentiate properly. Bisulfite genomic sequencing revealed that this transient knockdown caused a genome-wide alteration of the DNA methylation remodeling that takes place during the early steps of differentiation, suggesting that the phenotype we observed might be due to the dysregulation of some of the mechanisms involved in regulation of ESC exit from pluripotency. By gene expression analysis, we identified two molecules that could have a role in the altered genome-wide methylation profile: the long noncoding RNA ephemeron, whose rapid upregulation is crucial for the transition of ESCs into epiblast, and the methyltransferase-like protein Dnmt3l, which, during the embryo development, cooperates with Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b to contribute to the de novo DNA methylation that governs early steps of ESC differentiation. These data suggest a new role for YAP in the governance of the epigenetic dynamics of exit from pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Passaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy.
| | - Ilaria De Martino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Federico Zambelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Italy; Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Benedetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Matteo Barbato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Erchia
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Manzari
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Mutarelli
- Tigem and Department of Translational Medicine, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Tigem and Department of Translational Medicine, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Dario Antonini
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Silvia Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Tommaso Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy.
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31
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Chakraborty M, Chu K, Shrestha A, Revelo XS, Zhang X, Gold MJ, Khan S, Lee M, Huang C, Akbari M, Barrow F, Chan YT, Lei H, Kotoulas NK, Jovel J, Pastrello C, Kotlyar M, Goh C, Michelakis E, Clemente-Casares X, Ohashi PS, Engleman EG, Winer S, Jurisica I, Tsai S, Winer DA. Mechanical Stiffness Controls Dendritic Cell Metabolism and Function. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108609. [PMID: 33440149 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stiffness in the tissue microenvironment changes in most diseases and immunological conditions, but its direct influence on the immune system is poorly understood. Here, we show that static tension impacts immune cell function, maturation, and metabolism. Bone-marrow-derived and/or splenic dendritic cells (DCs) grown in vitro at physiological resting stiffness have reduced proliferation, activation, and cytokine production compared with cells grown under higher stiffness, mimicking fibro-inflammatory disease. Consistently, DCs grown under higher stiffness show increased activation and flux of major glucose metabolic pathways. In DC models of autoimmune diabetes and tumor immunotherapy, tension primes DCs to elicit an adaptive immune response. Mechanistic workup identifies the Hippo-signaling molecule, TAZ, as well as Ca2+-related ion channels, including potentially PIEZO1, as important effectors impacting DC metabolism and function under tension. Tension also directs the phenotypes of monocyte-derived DCs in humans. Thus, mechanical stiffness is a critical environmental cue of DCs and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kevin Chu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Annie Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xavier S Revelo
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Gold
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Saad Khan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Megan Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Camille Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Masoud Akbari
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Fanta Barrow
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Helena Lei
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Juan Jovel
- The Applied Genomics Core, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Cynthia Goh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evangelos Michelakis
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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Samji P, Rajendran MK, Warrier VP, Ganesh A, Devarajan K. Regulation of Hippo signaling pathway in cancer: A MicroRNA perspective. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109858. [PMID: 33253912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that Hippo signaling is not only involved in controlling organ size in Drosophila but can also regulate cell proliferation, tissue homeostasis, differentiation, apoptosis and regeneration. Any dysregulation of Hippo signaling, especially the hyper activation of its downstream effectors YAP/TAZ, can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and malignant transformation. In majority of cancers, expression of YAP/TAZ is extremely high and this increased expression of YAP/TAZ has been shown to be an independent predictor of prognosis and indicator of increased cell proliferation, metastasis and poor survival. In this review, we have summarized the most recent findings about the cross talk of Hippo signaling pathway with other signaling pathways and its regulation by different miRNAs in various cancer types. Recent evidence has suggested that Hippo pathway is also involved in mediating the resistance of different cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and in a few cancer types, this is brought about by regulating miRNAs. Therefore, the delineation of the underlying mechanisms regulating the chemotherapeutic resistance might help in developing better treatment options. This review has attempted to provide an overview of different drugs/options which can be utilized to target oncogenic YAP/TAZ proteins for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Samji
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Manoj K Rajendran
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Vidya P Warrier
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Akshayaa Ganesh
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Karunagaran Devarajan
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
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Wang H, Wang J, Zhang S, Jia J, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang P, Song X, Che L, Liu K, Ribback S, Cigliano A, Evert M, Wu H, Calvisi DF, Zeng Y, Chen X. Distinct and Overlapping Roles of Hippo Effectors YAP and TAZ During Human and Mouse Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1095-1117. [PMID: 33232824 PMCID: PMC7903139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcriptional co-activator with post synaptic density protein, drosophila disc large tumor suppressor and zonula occludens-1-binding motif (TAZ) are 2 co-activators downstream of Hippo tumor-suppressor cascade. Both have been implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether YAP and TAZ have distinct or overlapping functions during hepatocarcinogenesis remains unknown. METHODS Expression patterns of YAP and TAZ were analyzed in human HCC samples. The requirement of Yap and/or Taz in protein kinase B (Akt)/ neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRas) -driven liver tumorigenesis was analyzed using conditional Yap, Taz, and Yap;Taz knockout mice. Transcriptional programs regulated by YAP and/or TAZ were identified via RNA sequencing. RESULTS We found that in human HCC samples, an almost ubiquitous activation of YAP or TAZ occurs, underlying their role in this tumor type. Intriguingly, 70% of HCC samples showed only nuclear YAP or TAZ immunoreactivity. In the Akt/NRas liver tumor model, where nuclear Yap and Taz can be detected readily, deletion of Yap or Taz alone only mildly delayed liver tumor development, whereas their concomitant ablation strongly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and significantly suppressed Akt/NRas-driven hepatocarcinogenesis. In HCC cell lines, silencing of either YAP or TAZ led to decreased expression of both overlapping and distinct sets of genes, with the most prominent gene signatures related to cell-cycle progression and DNA replication. CONCLUSIONS YAP and TAZ have overlapping and distinct roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. HCCs may display unique activation of YAP or TAZ, thus relying on either YAP or TAZ for their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Wang
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiaoyuan Jia
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianqiong Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hong Wu
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Yong Zeng
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Bisso A, Filipuzzi M, Gamarra Figueroa GP, Brumana G, Biagioni F, Doni M, Ceccotti G, Tanaskovic N, Morelli MJ, Pendino V, Chiacchiera F, Pasini D, Olivero D, Campaner S, Sabò A, Amati B. Cooperation Between MYC and β-Catenin in Liver Tumorigenesis Requires Yap/Taz. Hepatology 2020; 72:1430-1443. [PMID: 31965581 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Activation of MYC and catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1, encoding β-catenin) can co-occur in liver cancer, but how these oncogenes cooperate in tumorigenesis remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We generated a mouse model allowing conditional activation of MYC and WNT/β-catenin signaling (through either β-catenin activation or loss of APC - adenomatous polyposis coli) upon expression of CRE recombinase in the liver and monitored their effects on hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression profiles, and tumorigenesis. Activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling strongly accelerated MYC-driven carcinogenesis in the liver. Both pathways also cooperated in promoting cellular transformation in vitro, demonstrating their cell-autonomous action. Short-term induction of MYC and β-catenin in hepatocytes, followed by RNA-sequencing profiling, allowed the identification of a "Myc/β-catenin signature," composed of a discrete set of Myc-activated genes whose expression increased in the presence of active β-catenin. Notably, this signature enriched for targets of Yes-associated protein (Yap) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (Taz), two transcriptional coactivators known to be activated by WNT/β-catenin signaling and to cooperate with MYC in mitogenic activation and liver transformation. Consistent with these regulatory connections, Yap/Taz accumulated upon Myc/β-catenin activation and were required not only for the ensuing proliferative response, but also for tumor cell growth and survival. Finally, the Myc/β-catenin signature was enriched in a subset of human hepatocellular carcinomas characterized by comparatively poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Myc and β-catenin show a strong cooperative action in liver carcinogenesis, with Yap and Taz serving as mediators of this effect. These findings warrant efforts toward therapeutic targeting of Yap/Taz in aggressive liver tumors marked by elevated Myc/β-catenin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bisso
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO)-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Brumana
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Doni
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO)-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Jacopo Morelli
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Pendino
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Chiacchiera
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO)-IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Diego Pasini
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO)-IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Sabò
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO)-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO)-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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35
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Sallam A, Mousa SA. Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cell Reprogramming. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4767-4777. [PMID: 32785825 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have different types according to the onset of the disease, the time course, and the underlying pathology. Although the dogma that brain cells cannot regenerate has changed, the normal regenerative process of the brain is usually not sufficient to restore brain tissue defects after different pathological insults. Stem cell therapy and more recently cell reprogramming could achieve success in the process of brain renewal. This review article presents recent advances of stem cell therapies in neurodegenerative diseases and the role of cell reprogramming in the scope of optimizing a confined condition that could direct signaling pathways of the cell toward a specific neural lineage. Further, we will discuss different types of transcriptional factors and their role in neural cell fate direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Sallam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Governorate, Alexandria, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and its Applications (CERRMA) Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Governorate, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
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36
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Pattschull G, Walz S, Gründl M, Schwab M, Rühl E, Baluapuri A, Cindric-Vranesic A, Kneitz S, Wolf E, Ade CP, Rosenwald A, von Eyss B, Gaubatz S. The Myb-MuvB Complex Is Required for YAP-Dependent Transcription of Mitotic Genes. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3533-3546.e7. [PMID: 31216474 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ, downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, are important regulators of proliferation. Here, we show that the ability of YAP to activate mitotic gene expression is dependent on the Myb-MuvB (MMB) complex, a master regulator of genes expressed in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. By carrying out genome-wide expression and binding analyses, we found that YAP promotes binding of the MMB subunit B-MYB to the promoters of mitotic target genes. YAP binds to B-MYB and stimulates B-MYB chromatin association through distal enhancer elements that interact with MMB-regulated promoters through chromatin looping. The cooperation between YAP and B-MYB is critical for YAP-mediated entry into mitosis. Furthermore, the expression of genes coactivated by YAP and B-MYB is associated with poor survival of cancer patients. Our findings provide a molecular mechanism by which YAP and MMB regulate mitotic gene expression and suggest a link between two cancer-relevant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Pattschull
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Susanne Walz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Marco Gründl
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Melissa Schwab
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Eva Rühl
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Apoorva Baluapuri
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Kneitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Elmar Wolf
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Carsten P Ade
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Björn von Eyss
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Stefan Gaubatz
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany.
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37
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Rueda EM, Hall BM, Hill MC, Swinton PG, Tong X, Martin JF, Poché RA. The Hippo Pathway Blocks Mammalian Retinal Müller Glial Cell Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1637-1649.e6. [PMID: 31067451 PMCID: PMC6521882 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to retinal damage, the Müller glial cells (MGs) of the zebrafish retina have the ability to undergo a cellular reprogramming event in which they enter the cell cycle and divide asymmetrically, thereby producing multipotent retinal progenitors capable of regenerating lost retinal neurons. However, mammalian MGs do not exhibit such a proliferative and regenerative ability. Here, we identify Hippo pathway-mediated repression of the transcription cofactor YAP as a core regulatory mechanism that normally blocks mammalian MG proliferation and cellular reprogramming. MG-specific deletion of Hippo pathway components Lats1 and Lats2, as well as transgenic expression of a Hippo non-responsive form of YAP (YAP5SA), resulted in dramatic Cyclin D1 upregulation, loss of adult MG identity, and attainment of a highly proliferative, progenitor-like cellular state. Our results reveal that mammalian MGs may have latent regenerative capacity that can be stimulated by repressing Hippo signaling. Rueda et al. identify the Hippo pathway as an endogenous molecular mechanism normally preventing mammalian Müller glial reprogramming to a proliferative, progenitor-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda M Rueda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin M Hall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew C Hill
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul G Swinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Heart Institute, Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuefei Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Development, Disease Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cardiovasular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Heart Institute, Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ross A Poché
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Development, Disease Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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38
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A Driver Never Works Alone-Interplay Networks of Mutant p53, MYC, RAS, and Other Universal Oncogenic Drivers in Human Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061532. [PMID: 32545208 PMCID: PMC7353041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge accumulating on the occurrence and mechanisms of the activation of oncogenes in human neoplasia necessitates an increasingly detailed understanding of their systemic interactions. None of the known oncogenic drivers work in isolation from the other oncogenic pathways. The cooperation between these pathways is an indispensable element of a multistep carcinogenesis, which apart from inactivation of tumor suppressors, always includes the activation of two or more proto-oncogenes. In this review we focus on representative examples of the interaction of major oncogenic drivers with one another. The drivers are selected according to the following criteria: (1) the highest frequency of known activation in human neoplasia (by mutations or otherwise), (2) activation in a wide range of neoplasia types (universality) and (3) as a part of a distinguishable pathway, (4) being a known cause of phenotypic addiction of neoplastic cells and thus a promising therapeutic target. Each of these universal oncogenic factors—mutant p53, KRAS and CMYC proteins, telomerase ribonucleoprotein, proteasome machinery, HSP molecular chaperones, NF-κB and WNT pathways, AP-1 and YAP/TAZ transcription factors and non-coding RNAs—has a vast network of molecular interrelations and common partners. Understanding this network allows for the hunt for novel therapeutic targets and protocols to counteract drug resistance in a clinical neoplasia treatment.
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39
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Xu D, Xie R, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Ding M, Chen W, Zhang J, Mao E, Chen E, Chen Y, Yang K, Zhou T, Fei J. mTOR-Myc axis drives acinar-to-dendritic cell transition and the CD4 + T cell immune response in acute pancreatitis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:416. [PMID: 32488108 PMCID: PMC7265283 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with acinar-to-dendritic cell transition. The CD4+ T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response is necessary for pancreatic inflammatory damage. However, the effect of acinar-to-dendritic cell transition on the CD4+ T-cell response and the regulatory mechanism remain undefined. A mouse animal model of AP was established by repeated intraperitoneal injection of CAE. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was administered before AP induction. Primary acinar cells were isolated and co-incubated with subsets of differentiated CD4+ T cells. The expression of DC-SIGN was also assessed in pancreatic tissues from human AP patients. We found acinar cells expressed DC-SIGN and displayed the phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs), which promoted the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into CD4+/IFN-γ+ Th1 and CD4+/IL-17A+ Th17 cells in pancreatic tissues during AP. DC-SIGN was the target gene of Myc. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin inhibited AP-induced DC-SIGN expression, CD4+ Th1/Th17 cell differentiation and the pro-inflammatory response via Myc. Acinar cells expressed DC-SIGN in pancreatic tissues of human patients with AP. In conclusion, acinar-to-dendritic cell transition is implicated in the CD4+ T-cell immune response via mTOR-Myc-DC-SIGN axis, which might be an effective target for the prevention of local pancreatic inflammation in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rongli Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Min Ding
- Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Enqiang Mao
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Kaige Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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40
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Pocaterra A, Romani P, Dupont S. YAP/TAZ functions and their regulation at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/2/jcs230425. [PMID: 31996398 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ proteins are transcriptional coactivators encoded by paralogous genes, which shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in response to multiple inputs, including the Hippo pathway. In the nucleus, they pair with DNA-binding factors of the TEAD family to regulate gene expression. Nuclear YAP/TAZ promote cell proliferation, organ overgrowth, survival to stress and dedifferentiation of post-mitotic cells into their respective tissue progenitors. YAP/TAZ are required for growth of embryonic tissues, wound healing and organ regeneration, where they are activated by cell-intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Surprisingly, this activity is dispensable in many adult self-renewing tissues, where YAP/TAZ are constantly kept in check. YAP/TAZ lay at the center of a complex regulatory network including cell-autonomous factors but also cell- and tissue-level structural features such as the mechanical properties of the cell microenvironment, the establishment of cell-cell junctions and of basolateral tissue polarity. Enhanced levels and activity of YAP/TAZ are observed in many cancers, where they sustain tumor growth, drug resistance and malignancy. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the biological functions of YAP/TAZ and their regulatory mechanisms, and highlight their position at the center of a complex signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pocaterra
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romani
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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41
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Cobbaut M, Karagil S, Bruno L, Diaz de la Loza MDC, Mackenzie FE, Stolinski M, Elbediwy A. Dysfunctional Mechanotransduction through the YAP/TAZ/Hippo Pathway as a Feature of Chronic Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010151. [PMID: 31936297 PMCID: PMC7016982 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to ascertain their external environment, cells and tissues have the capability to sense and process a variety of stresses, including stretching and compression forces. These mechanical forces, as experienced by cells and tissues, are then converted into biochemical signals within the cell, leading to a number of cellular mechanisms being activated, including proliferation, differentiation and migration. If the conversion of mechanical cues into biochemical signals is perturbed in any way, then this can be potentially implicated in chronic disease development and processes such as neurological disorders, cancer and obesity. This review will focus on how the interplay between mechanotransduction, cellular structure, metabolism and signalling cascades led by the Hippo-YAP/TAZ axis can lead to a number of chronic diseases and suggest how we can target various pathways in order to design therapeutic targets for these debilitating diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Cobbaut
- Protein Phosphorylation Lab, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Simge Karagil
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (S.K.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Lucrezia Bruno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (S.K.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
| | | | - Francesca E Mackenzie
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
| | - Michael Stolinski
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (S.K.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Ahmed Elbediwy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (S.K.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Grieve S, Wajnberg G, Lees M, Chacko S, Weir J, Crapoulet N, Reiman T. TAZ functions as a tumor suppressor in multiple myeloma by downregulating MYC. Blood Adv 2019; 3:3613-3625. [PMID: 31743393 PMCID: PMC6880893 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable blood cancer that is often characterized by amplification and overexpression of the MYC oncogene. Despite efforts, direct targeting of MYC is not yet possible; therefore, alternative strategies to inhibit MYC activity are necessary. TAZ is a transcriptional coactivator downstream of the Hippo-signaling pathway that functions as an oncogene in many solid tumors. However, its role in hematological malignancies is largely unexplored. Here, we show that, in contrast to solid tumors, expression of TAZ is lower in hematological malignancies, and that high expression of TAZ correlates with better patient outcomes. We further show that TAZ is hypermethylated in MM patient samples and in a panel of MM cell lines. Genetic overexpression of TAZ or pharmacological upregulation of TAZ by treatment with the demethylating agent decitabine induces apoptosis. Importantly, TAZ-induced apoptosis is independent of canonical Hippo components LATS1 or the TEA-domain family of transcription factors. Instead, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that overexpression of TAZ represses a MYC transcriptional program and we show that increased TAZ expression correlates with decreased MYC expression in both cell-line models and patient samples. Furthermore, promoter derepression of TAZ expression sensitizes MM cell lines through a reciprocal reduction in MYC expression using additional therapeutics such as bortezomib, trichostatin A, and panobinostat. Our findings uncover an unexpected role for TAZ in MM tumorigenesis and provide a compelling rationale for exploring the therapeutic potential of upregulating TAZ expression to restore sensitivity to specific therapeutics in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Grieve
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Miranda Lees
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Jackson Weir
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Tony Reiman
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
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Smith SA, Newby AC, Bond M. Ending Restenosis: Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by cAMP. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111447. [PMID: 31744111 PMCID: PMC6912325 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes towards restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft intimal thickening and atherogenesis. The second messenger 3′ 5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in maintaining VSMC quiescence in healthy vessels and repressing VSMC proliferation during resolution of vascular injury. Although the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP in VSMC have been recognised for many years, it is only recently that we gained a detailed understanding of the underlying signalling mechanisms. Stimuli that elevate cAMP in VSMC inhibit G1-S phase cell cycle progression by inhibiting expression of cyclins and preventing S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein-2 (Skp2-mediated degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Early studies implicated inhibition of MAPK signalling, although this does not fully explain the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP. The cAMP effectors, Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) act together to inhibit VSMC proliferation by inducing Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB) activity and inhibiting members of the RhoGTPases, which results in remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton. Cyclic-AMP induced actin remodelling controls proliferation by modulating the activity of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and TEA Domain Transcription Factors (TEAD), which regulate expression of genes required for proliferation. Here we review recent research characterising these mechanisms, highlighting novel drug targets that may allow the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP to be harnessed therapeutically to limit restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Bond
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-117-3423586
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44
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Weinstock G, Gaubatz S. One way to rule them all: G2/M gene regulation by oncogenic YAP1 and B-MYB. Mol Cell Oncol 2019; 6:e1648026. [PMID: 31692816 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2019.1648026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a major role in regulating organ size during embryogenesis. Loss of Hippo signaling can cause cancer due to unrestricted cell proliferation. Recently we found that Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), the major downstream effector of Hippo, promotes mitotic gene expression and proliferation through binding and activating the Myb-MuvB (MMB) complex subunit MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (B-MYB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Weinstock
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gaubatz
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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45
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Mierke CT. The Role of the Optical Stretcher Is Crucial in the Investigation of Cell Mechanics Regulating Cell Adhesion and Motility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:184. [PMID: 31552247 PMCID: PMC6736998 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells, tissues, and the surrounding extracellular matrix environment play important roles in the process of cell adhesion and migration. In physiological and pathological processes of the cells, such as wound healing and cancer, the capacity to migrate through the extracellular matrix is crucial. Hence biophysical techniques were used to determine the mechanical properties of cells that facilitate the various migratory capacities. Since the field of mechanobiology is rapidly growing, the reliable and reproducible characterization of cell mechanics is required that facilitates the adhesion and migration of cells. One of these cell mechanical techniques is the optical stretching device, which was originally developed to investigate the mechanical properties of cells, such as the deformation of single cells in suspension. After discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the technology, the latest findings in optical stretching-based cell mechanics are presented in this review. Finally, the mechanical properties of cells are correlated with their migratory potential and it is pointed out how the inhibition of biomolecules that contribute to the to the maintenance of cytoskeletal structures in cells affect their mechanical deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Murakami S, Nemazanyy I, White SM, Chen H, Nguyen CDK, Graham GT, Saur D, Pende M, Yi C. A Yap-Myc-Sox2-p53 Regulatory Network Dictates Metabolic Homeostasis and Differentiation in Kras-Driven Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas. Dev Cell 2019; 51:113-128.e9. [PMID: 31447265 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Employing inducible genetically engineered and orthotopic mouse models, we demonstrate a key role for transcriptional regulator Yap in maintenance of Kras-mutant pancreatic tumors. Integrated transcriptional and metabolomics analysis reveals that Yap transcribes Myc and cooperates with Myc to maintain global transcription of metabolic genes. Yap loss triggers acute metabolic stress, which causes tumor regression while inducing epigenetic reprogramming and Sox2 upregulation in a subset of pancreatic neoplastic cells. Sox2 restores Myc expression and metabolic homeostasis in Yap-deficient neoplastic ductal cells, which gradually re-differentiate into acinar-like cells, partially restoring pancreatic parenchyma in vivo. Both the short-term and long-term effects of Yap loss in inducing cell death and re-differentiation, respectively, are blunted in advanced, poorly differentiated p53-mutant pancreatic tumors. Collectively, these findings reveal a highly dynamic and interdependent metabolic, transcriptional, and epigenetic regulatory network governed by Yap, Myc, Sox2, and p53 that dictates pancreatic tumor metabolism, growth, survival, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Murakami
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Shannon M White
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hengye Chen
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chan D K Nguyen
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Translational Cancer Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Pende
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chunling Yi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Zheng Y, Pan D. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Development and Disease. Dev Cell 2019; 50:264-282. [PMID: 31386861 PMCID: PMC6748048 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway regulates diverse physiological processes, and its dysfunction has been implicated in an increasing number of human diseases, including cancer. Here, we provide an updated review of the Hippo pathway; discuss its roles in development, homeostasis, regeneration, and diseases; and highlight outstanding questions for future investigation and opportunities for Hippo-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA.
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48
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Abstract
YAP and TAZ are transcriptional activators pervasively induced in several human solid tumours and their functions in cancer cells are the focus of intense investigation. These studies established that YAP and TAZ are essential to trigger numerous cell-autonomous responses, such as sustained proliferation, cell plasticity, therapy resistance and metastasis. Yet tumours are complex entities, wherein cancer cells are just one of the components of a composite "tumour tissue". The other component, the tumour stroma, is composed of an extracellular matrix with aberrant mechanical properties and other cell types, including cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells. The stroma entertains multiple and bidirectional interactions with tumour cells, establishing dependencies essential to unleash tumorigenesis. The molecular players of such interplay remain partially understood. Here, we review the emerging role of YAP and TAZ in choreographing tumour-stromal interactions. YAP and TAZ act within tumour cells to orchestrate responses in stromal cells. Vice versa, YAP and TAZ in stromal cells trigger effects that positively feed back on the growth of tumour cells. Recognizing YAP and TAZ as a hub of the network of signals exchanged within the tumour microenvironment provides a fresh perspective on the molecular principles of tumour self-organization, promising to unveil numerous new vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Padua, Italy.
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49
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Transformation of normal cells by aberrant activation of YAP via cMyc with TEAD. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10933. [PMID: 31358774 PMCID: PMC6662713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP (also known as YAP1 or YAP65) is a transcriptional coactivator that interacts with a number of transcription factors including RUNX and TEAD and plays a pivotal role in controlling cell growth. YAP is classified as a proto-oncogene. However, the mechanism by which activated YAP induces cancerous changes is not well known. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of YAP in NIH3T3 cells was sufficient for inducing tumorigenic transformation of cells. Mechanistically, YAP exerts its function in cooperation with the TEAD transcription factor. Our data also show that cMYC is a critical factor that acts downstream of the YAP/TEAD complex. Furthermore, we also found that aberrant activation of YAP is sufficient to drive tumorigenic transformation of non-immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Together our data indicate that YAP can be categorized as a new type of proto-oncogene distinct from typical oncogenes, such as H-RAS, whose expression in non-immortalized cells is tightly linked to senescence.
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Pocaterra A, Santinon G, Romani P, Brian I, Dimitracopoulos A, Ghisleni A, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Forcato M, Braghetta P, Montagner M, Galuppini F, Aragona M, Pennelli G, Bicciato S, Gauthier N, Franze K, Dupont S. F-actin dynamics regulates mammalian organ growth and cell fate maintenance. J Hepatol 2019; 71:130-142. [PMID: 30878582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In vitro, cell function can be potently regulated by the mechanical properties of cells and of their microenvironment. Cells measure these features by developing forces via their actomyosin cytoskeleton, and respond accordingly by regulating intracellular pathways, including the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ. Whether mechanical cues are relevant for in vivo regulation of adult organ homeostasis, and whether this occurs through YAP/TAZ, remains largely unaddressed. METHODS We developed Capzb conditional knockout mice and obtained primary fibroblasts to characterize the role of CAPZ in vitro. In vivo functional analyses were carried out by inducing Capzb inactivation in adult hepatocytes, manipulating YAP/Hippo activity by hydrodynamic tail vein injections, and treating mice with the ROCK inhibitor, fasudil. RESULTS We found that the F-actin capping protein CAPZ restrains actomyosin contractility: Capzb inactivation alters stress fiber and focal adhesion dynamics leading to enhanced myosin activity, increased traction forces, and increased liver stiffness. In vitro, this rescues YAP from inhibition by a small cellular geometry; in vivo, it induces YAP activation in parallel to the Hippo pathway, causing extensive hepatocyte proliferation and leading to striking organ overgrowth. Moreover, Capzb is required for the maintenance of the differentiated hepatocyte state, for metabolic zonation, and for gluconeogenesis. In keeping with changes in tissue mechanics, inhibition of the contractility regulator ROCK, or deletion of the Yap1 mechanotransducer, reverse the phenotypes emerging in Capzb-null livers. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a previously unsuspected role for CAPZ in tuning the mechanical properties of cells and tissues, which is required in hepatocytes for the maintenance of the differentiated state and to regulate organ size. More generally, it indicates for the first time that mechanotransduction has a physiological role in maintaining liver homeostasis in mammals. LAY SUMMARY The mechanical properties of cells and tissues (i.e. whether they are soft or stiff) are thought to be important regulators of cell behavior. Herein, we found that inactivation of the protein CAPZ alters the mechanical properties of cells and liver tissues, leading to YAP hyperactivation. In turn, this profoundly alters liver physiology, causing organ overgrowth, defects in liver cell differentiation and metabolism. These results reveal a previously uncharacterized role for mechanical signals in the maintenance of adult liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Santinon
- Department of Molecular Medicine DMM, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romani
- Department of Molecular Medicine DMM, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Brian
- Department of Molecular Medicine DMM, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ghisleni
- Institute FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) of Molecular Oncology (IFOM Institute FIRC for Molecular Oncology), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine DMM, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Montagner
- Department of Molecular Medicine DMM, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Nils Gauthier
- Institute FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) of Molecular Oncology (IFOM Institute FIRC for Molecular Oncology), Milan, Italy
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine DMM, University of Padova, Italy.
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