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Foss-Freitas MC, Gilio D, Monteiro da Rocha A, Pais L, O'Leary MC, Rehm HL, Neidert A, Udler MS, Seale P, Oral EA, Chun TH. Early B-cell transcription factor-2 defect as a novel cause of lipodystrophy: disruption of the adipose tissue character and integrity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.24.24309093. [PMID: 38978649 PMCID: PMC11230304 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.24309093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel cause of partial lipodystrophy associated with early B cell factor 2 ( EBF2 ) nonsense variant ( EBF2 8:26033143 C>A, c.493G>T, p.E165X) in a patient with an atypical form of partial lipodystrophy. The patient presented with progressive adipose tissue loss and metabolic deterioration at pre-pubertal age. In vitro and in vivo disease modeling demonstrates that the EBF2 variant impairs adipogenesis, causing excess accumulation of undifferentiated CD34 + cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and inflammatory myeloid cells in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Thus, this EBF2 p.E165X variant disrupts adipose tissue structure and function, leading to the development of partial lipodystrophy syndrome.
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2
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Cui X, Cao Q, Li F, Jing J, Liu Z, Yang X, Schwartz GJ, Yu L, Shi H, Shi H, Xue B. The histone methyltransferase SUV420H2 regulates brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e164771. [PMID: 38713533 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis increases energy expenditure and alleviates obesity. Here we discover that histone methyltransferase suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog 2 (Suv420h2) expression parallels that of Ucp1 in brown and beige adipocytes and that Suv420h2 knockdown significantly reduces - whereas Suv420h2 overexpression significantly increases - Ucp1 levels in brown adipocytes. Suv420h2 knockout (H2KO) mice exhibit impaired cold-induced thermogenesis and are prone to diet-induced obesity. In contrast, mice with specific overexpression of Suv420h2 in adipocytes display enhanced cold-induced thermogenesis and are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Further study shows that Suv420h2 catalyzes H4K20 trimethylation at eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) promoter, leading to downregulated expression of 4e-bp1, a negative regulator of the translation initiation complex. This in turn upregulates PGC1α protein levels, and this upregulation is associated with increased expression of thermogenic program. We conclude that Suv420h2 is a key regulator of brown/beige adipocyte development and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fenfen Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Giordano AP, Gambaro SE, Alzamendi A, Harnichar AE, Rey MA, Ongaro L, Spinedi E, Zubiría MG, Giovambattista A. Dexamethasone Inhibits White Adipose Tissue Browning. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2714. [PMID: 38473960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) regulates energy balance through energy storage, adipokines secretion and the thermogenesis process. Beige adipocytes are responsible for WAT thermogenesis. They are generated by adipogenesis or transdifferentiation during cold or β3-adrenergic agonist stimulus through a process called browning. Browning has gained significant interest for to its preventive effect on obesity. Glucocorticoids (GCs) have several functions in WAT biology; however, their role in beige adipocyte generation and WAT browning is not fully understood. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of dexamethasone (DXM) on WAT thermogenesis. For this purpose, rats were treated with DXM at room temperature (RT) or cold conditions to determine different thermogenic markers. Furthermore, the effects of DXM on the adipogenic potential of beige precursors and on mature beige adipocytes were evaluated in vitro. Our results showed that DXM decreased UCP-1 mRNA and protein levels, mainly after cold exposure. In vitro studies showed that DXM decreased the expression of a beige precursor marker (Ebf2), affecting their ability to differentiate into beige adipocytes, and inhibited the thermogenic response of mature beige adipocytes (Ucp-1, Dio2 and Pgc1α gene expressions and mitochondrial respiration). Overall, our data strongly suggest that DXM can inhibit the thermogenic program of both retroperitoneal and inguinal WAT depots, an effect that could be exerted, at least partially, by inhibiting de novo cell generation and the thermogenic response in beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Paula Giordano
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Eliana Gambaro
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Ana Alzamendi
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Ezequiel Harnichar
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Amanda Rey
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Luisina Ongaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Eduardo Spinedi
- CENEXA (UNLP-CONICET), La Plata Medical School-UNLP, Calles 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Guillermina Zubiría
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Andrés Giovambattista
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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4
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Li B, Liu S, He Z, Luo E, Liu H. The role of zinc finger proteins in the fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 167:106507. [PMID: 38142772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) constitute a crucial group of transcription factors widely present in various organisms. They act as transcription factors, nucleases, and RNA-binding proteins, playing significant roles in cell differentiation, growth, and development. With extensive research on ZFPs, their roles in the determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) fate during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation processes have become increasingly clear. ZFP521, for instance, is identified as an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway and RUNX2's transcriptional activity, effectively suppressing osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, ZFP217 contributes to the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation by reducing the M6A level of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1). In addition, other ZFPs can also influence the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic controls, participating in the subsequent differentiation and maturation of precursor cells. Given the prevalent occurrence of osteoporosis, obesity, and related metabolic disorders, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms balancing bone and fat metabolism is essential, with a particular focus on the fate determination of MSCs in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of how zinc finger proteins influence the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs through different signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, we outline the regulatory mechanisms of ZFPs in controlling osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation based on various stages of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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5
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You W, Xu Z, Chen W, Yang X, Liu S, Wang L, Tu Y, Zhou Y, Valencak TG, Wang Y, Kuang S, Shan T. Cellular and Transcriptional Dynamics during Brown Adipose Tissue Regeneration under Acute Injury. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0268. [PMID: 38434240 PMCID: PMC10907023 DOI: 10.34133/research.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the major site of non-shivering thermogenesis and crucial for systemic metabolism. Under chronic cold exposures and high-fat diet challenges, BAT undergoes robust remodeling to adapt to physiological demands. However, whether and how BAT regenerates after acute injuries are poorly understood. Here, we established a novel BAT injury and regeneration model (BAT-IR) in mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq to determine cellular and transcriptomic dynamics during BAT-IR. We further defined distinct fibro-adipogenic and myeloid progenitor populations contributing to BAT regeneration. Cell trajectory and gene expression analyses uncovered the involvement of MAPK, Wnt, and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways in BAT regeneration. We confirmed the role of Hh signaling in BAT development through Myf5Cre-mediated conditional knockout (cKO) of the Sufu gene to activate Hh signaling in BAT and muscle progenitors. Our BAT-IR model therefore provides a paradigm to identify conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying BAT development and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Abstract
Recent advances in pharmacotherapies that promote appetite suppression have shown remarkable weight loss. Therapies targeting energy expenditure lag behind, and as such none have yet been identified to be safe and efficacious for sustaining negative energy balance toward weight loss. Multiple energy dissipating pathways have been identified in adipose tissue and muscle. The molecular effectors of some of these pathways have been identified, but much is still left to be learned about their regulation. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of metabolic inefficiency in adipose tissue and muscle is required if these pathways are to be therapeutically targeted in the context of obesity and obesity-accelerated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kazak
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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7
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Wang C, Wang X, Hu W. Molecular and cellular regulation of thermogenic fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215772. [PMID: 37465124 PMCID: PMC10351381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic fat, consisting of brown and beige adipocytes, dissipates energy in the form of heat, in contrast to the characteristics of white adipocytes that store energy. Increasing energy expenditure by activating brown adipocytes or inducing beige adipocytes is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thermogenesis provides novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis, focusing on transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, metabolites, and non-coding RNAs. We further discuss the intercellular and inter-organ crosstalk that regulate thermogenesis, considering the heterogeneity and complex tissue microenvironment of thermogenic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianju Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Ye J, Gao C, Liang Y, Hou Z, Shi Y, Wang Y. Characteristic and fate determination of adipose precursors during adipose tissue remodeling. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 37138165 PMCID: PMC10156890 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are essential for actively regulating systemic energy balance, glucose homeostasis, immune responses, reproduction, and longevity. Adipocytes maintain dynamic metabolic needs and possess heterogeneity in energy storage and supply. Overexpansion of adipose tissue, especially the visceral type, is a high risk for diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Changes in adipocytes, hypertrophy or hyperplasia, contribute to the remodeling of obese adipose tissues, accompanied by abundant immune cell accumulation, decreased angiogenesis, and aberrant extracellular matrix deposition. The process and mechanism of adipogenesis are well known, however, adipose precursors and their fate decision are only being defined with recent information available to decipher how adipose tissues generate, maintain, and remodel. Here, we discuss the key findings that identify adipose precursors phenotypically, with special emphasis on the intrinsic and extrinsic signals in instructing and regulating the fate of adipose precursors under pathophysiological conditions. We hope that the information in this review lead to novel therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yong Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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9
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Roth L, Johann K, Hönes GS, Oelkrug R, Wagner L, Hoffmann A, Krohn K, Moeller LC, Weiner J, Heiker JT, Klöting N, Tönjes A, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Mittag J, Krause K. Thyroid hormones regulate Zfp423 expression in regionally distinct adipose depots through direct and cell-autonomous action. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112088. [PMID: 36753417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis is a major regulator of many differentiation processes, including adipose tissue. However, it remains unclear whether and how thyroid hormone (TH) signaling contributes to preadipocyte commitment and differentiation into mature adipocytes. Here, we show a cell-autonomous effect of TH on the transcriptional regulation of zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423), an early adipogenic determination factor, in murine adipose depots. Mechanistically, binding of the unliganded TH receptor to a negative TH responsive element within the Zfp423 promoter activates transcriptional activity that is reversed upon TH binding. Zfp423 upregulation is associated with increased GFP+ preadipocyte recruitment in stromal vascular fraction isolated from white fat of hypothyroid Zfp423GFP reporter mice. RNA sequencing identified Zfp423-driven gene programs that are modulated in response to TH during adipogenic differentiation. Collectively, we identified Zfp423 as a key molecule that integrates TH signaling into the regulation of adipose tissue plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Roth
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Leonie Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- DNA Core Unit Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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10
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Gu J, Xu W, Yuan N, Sun J, Li H. Glabridin inhibits liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cells activation through suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress by activating PPARγ in carbon tetrachloride-treated mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Synchronizing food intake with the body clock boosts thermogenesis and limits obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lagarde
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Hepler C, Weidemann BJ, Waldeck NJ, Marcheva B, Cedernaes J, Thorne AK, Kobayashi Y, Nozawa R, Newman MV, Gao P, Shao M, Ramsey KM, Gupta RK, Bass J. Time-restricted feeding mitigates obesity through adipocyte thermogenesis. Science 2022; 378:276-284. [PMID: 36264811 PMCID: PMC10150371 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl8007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Misalignment of feeding rhythms with the light-dark cycle leads to disrupted peripheral circadian clocks and obesity. Conversely, restricting feeding to the active period mitigates metabolic syndrome through mechanisms that remain unknown. We found that genetic enhancement of adipocyte thermogenesis through ablation of the zinc finger protein 423 (ZFP423) attenuated obesity caused by consumption of a high-fat diet during the inactive (light) period by increasing futile creatine cycling in mice. Circadian control of adipocyte creatine metabolism underlies the timing of diet-induced thermogenesis, and enhancement of adipocyte circadian rhythms through overexpression of the clock activator brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) ameliorated metabolic complications during diet-induced obesity. These findings uncover rhythmic creatine-mediated thermogenesis as an essential mechanism that drives metabolic benefits during time-restricted feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hepler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Weidemann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nathan J. Waldeck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Biliana Marcheva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anneke K. Thorne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rino Nozawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marsha V. Newman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kathryn M. Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rana K. Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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13
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Machado SA, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, da Silva DS, Farias GR, de Oliveira Santos I, Baptista LB, Magalhães KG. Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 36068578 PMCID: PMC9446768 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally and morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between white and brown adipocytes, illustrates the plastic nature of the adipose tissue. These cells are generated through white adipose tissue browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic capacity. This process involves the upregulation of the uncoupling protein 1, a molecule that uncouples the respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator of white adipose tissue browning, during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce beige activation and white adipose tissue beiging. Physical exercising copes with increased levels of specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which induce adipose tissue browning. FGF21 is a stress-responsive hormone that interacts with beta-klotho. The central roles played by hormones in the browning process highlight the relevance of the individual lifestyle, including circadian rhythm and diet. Circadian rhythm involves the sleep-wake cycle and is regulated by melatonin, a hormone associated with UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory and adipose tissue disrupting effects of the western diet, specific food items, including capsaicin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary interventions such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, favor white adipose tissue browning and metabolic efficiency. The intestinal microbiome has also been pictured as a key factor in regulating white tissue browning, as it modulates bile acid levels, important molecules for the thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, in which adipose tissue formation is affected by Bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate gene expression, the stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra of gene expression regulators, including a plethora of transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. Considering the detrimental effects of adipose tissue browning and the disparities between adipose tissue characteristics in mice and humans, further efforts will benefit a better understanding of adipose tissue plasticity biology and its applicability to managing the overwhelming burden of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Azevedo Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana Borges Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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14
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Duerre DJ, Galmozzi A. Deconstructing Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity One Cell at a Time. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847291. [PMID: 35399946 PMCID: PMC8990929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a central coordinator of physiologic metabolism, adipose tissue has long been appreciated as a highly plastic organ that dynamically responds to environmental cues. Once thought of as a homogenous storage depot, recent advances have enabled deep characterizations of the underlying structure and composition of adipose tissue depots. As the obesity and metabolic disease epidemics continue to accelerate due to modern lifestyles and an aging population, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms that control adipose and systemic homeostasis are of critical importance. Within the past decade, the emergence of deep cell profiling at tissue- and, recently, single-cell level has furthered our understanding of the complex dynamics that contribute to tissue function and their implications in disease development. Although many paradigm-shifting findings may lie ahead, profound advances have been made to forward our understanding of the adipose tissue niche in both health and disease. Now widely accepted as a highly heterogenous organ with major roles in metabolic homeostasis, endocrine signaling, and immune function, the study of adipose tissue dynamics has reached a new frontier. In this review, we will provide a synthesis of the latest advances in adipose tissue biology made possible by the use of single-cell technologies, the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on adipose function, and suggest what next steps will further our understanding of the role that adipose tissue plays in systemic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Duerre
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrea Galmozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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15
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Kirschner KM, Scholz H. WT1 in Adipose Tissue: From Development to Adult Physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:854120. [PMID: 35372335 PMCID: PMC8965737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.854120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the fascination of the Wilms tumor protein (WT1) emanates from its unique roles in development and disease. Ubiquitous Wt1 deletion in adult mice causes multiple organ failure including a reduction of body fat. WT1 is expressed in fat cell progenitors in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) but detected neither in energy storing subcutaneous WAT nor in heat producing brown adipose tissue (BAT). Our recent findings indicate that WT1 represses thermogenic genes and maintains the white adipose identity of visceral fat. Wt1 heterozygosity in mice is associated with molecular and morphological signs of browning including elevated levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in epididymal WAT. Compared to their wild-type littermates, Wt1 heterozygous mice exhibit significantly improved whole-body glucose tolerance and alleviated hepatic steatosis under high-fat diet. Partial protection of heterozygous Wt1 knockout mice against metabolic dysfunction is presumably related to browning of their epididymal WAT. In the light of recent advancements, this article reviews the role of WT1 in the development of visceral WAT and its supposed function as a regulator of white adipose identity.
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16
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Sakers A, De Siqueira MK, Seale P, Villanueva CJ. Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:419-446. [PMID: 35120662 PMCID: PMC11152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, colloquially known as "fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that adipose tissue regulates many aspects of whole-body physiology, including food intake, maintenance of energy levels, insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune responses. A crucial property of adipose tissue is its high degree of plasticity. Physiologic stimuli induce dramatic alterations in adipose-tissue metabolism, structure, and phenotype to meet the needs of the organism. Limitations to this plasticity cause diminished or aberrant responses to physiologic cues and drive the progression of cardiometabolic disease along with other pathological consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mirian Krystel De Siqueira
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA.
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17
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Rabhi N, Farmer SR. Unraveling the complexity of thermogenic remodeling of white fat reveals potential antiobesity therapies. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1395-1397. [PMID: 34725126 PMCID: PMC8559673 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349053.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this Outlook, Rabhi and Farmer discuss studies from Shao et al. (in this issue) and Shan et al. (in the previous issue) that advance our understanding of both cell–cell interactions and molecular mechanisms governing beige adipocyte appearance and maintenance. Adipose tissue is a complex organ consisting of a mixture of mature adipocytes and stromal vascular cells. It displays a remarkable ability to adapt to environmental and dietary cues by changing its morphology and metabolic capacity. This plasticity is demonstrated by the emergence of interspersed thermogenic beige adipocytes within white depots in response to catecholamines secretion. Coordinated cellular interaction between different cell types within the tissue and a fine-tuned transcriptional program synergistically take place to promote beige remodeling. However, both cell–cell interactions and molecular mechanisms governing beige adipocyte appearance and maintenance are poorly understood. In this and the previous issue of Genes & Development, Shao and colleagues (pp. 1461–1474) and Shan and colleagues (pp. 1333–1338) advance our understanding of these issues and, in doing so, highlight potential therapeutic strategies to combat obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Stephen R Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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