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Chi Y, Mukiibi R, Zhang H, Zhang H, Li W, Robledo D, Chen S, Li Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Immunosuppression in Tiger Pufferfish ( Takifugu rubripes) under Cryptocaryon irritans Infection. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2058. [PMID: 39061520 PMCID: PMC11273842 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tiger pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes), also known as fugu, has recently suffered from severe C. irritans infections under aquaculture environment, yet the underlying immune mechanisms against the parasite remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the gill tissue from infected and uninfected fish using PacBio long-read (one pooled sample each for seriously infected and healthy individuals, respectively) and Illumina short-read (three pools for mildly infected, seriously infected, and healthy individuals, respectively) RNA sequencing technologies. After aligning sequence data to fugu's reference genome, 47,307 and 34,413 known full-length transcripts were identified and profiled in healthy and infected fish, respectively. Similarly, we identified and profiled 1126 and 803 novel genes that were obtained from healthy and infected fish, respectively. Interestingly, we found a decrease in the number of alternative splicing (AS) events and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) after infection with C. irritans, suggesting that they may be involved in the regulation of the immune response in fugu. There were 687 and 1535 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in moderately and heavily infected fish, respectively, compared to uninfected fish. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that immune-related DEGs in the two comparison groups were mainly enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, ECM-receptor interactions, T-cell receptor signaling pathways, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and Th17 cell differentiation pathways. Further analysis revealed that a large number of immune-related genes were downregulated in infected fish relative to uninfected ones, such as CCR7, IL7R, TNFRSF21, CD4, COL2A1, FOXP3B, and ITGA8. Our study suggests that C. irritans is potentially a highly efficient parasite that may disrupt the defense mechanisms of fugu against it. In addition, in combination of short-read RNA sequencing and previous genome-wide association analyses, we identified five key genes (NDUFB6, PRELID1, SMOX, SLC25A4, and DENND1B) that might be closely associated with C. irritans resistance. This study not only provides valuable resources of novel genic transcripts for further research, but also provides new insights into the immune mechanisms underlying C. irritans infection response in farmed fugu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Robert Mukiibi
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (R.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- Tangshan Haidu Seafood Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063506, China; (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- Fishery Research Institute, Tangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tangshan 063001, China
| | - Haien Zhang
- Tangshan Haidu Seafood Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063506, China; (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Weidong Li
- Tangshan Haidu Seafood Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063506, China; (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (R.M.); (D.R.)
- Department of Genetics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Songlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Yangzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (R.M.); (D.R.)
- Tangshan Haidu Seafood Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063506, China; (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
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2
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Wilson CA, Postlethwait JH. A maternal-to-zygotic-transition gene block on the zebrafish sex chromosome. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae050. [PMID: 38466753 PMCID: PMC11075544 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Wild zebrafish (Danio rerio) have a ZZ/ZW chromosomal sex-determination system with the major sex locus on the right arm of chromosome-4 (Chr4R) near the largest heterochromatic block in the genome, suggesting that Chr4R transcriptomics might differ from the rest of the genome. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an RNA-seq analysis of adult ZW ovaries and ZZ testes in the Nadia strain and identified 4 regions of Chr4 with different gene expression profiles. Unique in the genome, protein-coding genes in a 41.7 Mb section (Region-2) were expressed in testis but silent in ovary. The AB lab strain, which lacks sex chromosomes, verified this result, showing that testis-biased gene expression in Region-2 depends on gonad biology, not on sex-determining mechanism. RNA-seq analyses in female and male brains and livers validated reduced transcripts from Region-2 in somatic cells, but without sex specificity. Region-2 corresponds to the heterochromatic portion of Chr4R and its content of genes and repetitive elements distinguishes it from the rest of the genome. Region-2 lacks protein-coding genes with human orthologs; has zinc finger genes expressed early in zygotic genome activation; has maternal 5S rRNA genes, maternal spliceosome genes, a concentration of tRNA genes, and a distinct set of repetitive elements. The colocalization of (1) genes silenced in ovaries but not in testes that are (2) expressed in embryos briefly at the onset of zygotic genome activation; (3) maternal-specific genes for translation machinery; (4) maternal-specific spliceosome components; and (5) adjacent genes encoding miR-430, which mediates maternal transcript degradation, suggest that this is a maternal-to-zygotic-transition gene regulatory block.
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3
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Baia Amaral D, Egidy R, Perera A, Bazzini AA. miR-430 regulates zygotic mRNA during zebrafish embryogenesis. Genome Biol 2024; 25:74. [PMID: 38504288 PMCID: PMC10949700 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early embryonic developmental programs are guided by the coordinated interplay between maternally inherited and zygotically manufactured RNAs and proteins. Although these processes happen concomitantly and affecting gene function during this period is bound to affect both pools of mRNAs, it has been challenging to study their expression dynamics separately. RESULTS By employing SLAM-seq, a nascent mRNA labeling transcriptomic approach, in a developmental time series we observe that over half of the early zebrafish embryo transcriptome consists of maternal-zygotic genes, emphasizing their pivotal role in early embryogenesis. We provide an hourly resolution of de novo transcriptional activation events and follow nascent mRNA trajectories, finding that most de novo transcriptional events are stable throughout this period. Additionally, by blocking microRNA-430 function, a key post transcriptional regulator during zebrafish embryogenesis, we directly show that it destabilizes hundreds of de novo transcribed mRNAs from pure zygotic as well as maternal-zygotic genes. This unveils a novel miR-430 function during embryogenesis, fine-tuning zygotic gene expression. CONCLUSION These insights into zebrafish early embryo transcriptome dynamics emphasize the significance of post-transcriptional regulators in zygotic genome activation. The findings pave the way for future investigations into the coordinated interplay between transcriptional and post-transcriptional landscapes required for the establishment of animal cell identities and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielson Baia Amaral
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Rhonda Egidy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Anoja Perera
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Ariel A Bazzini
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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4
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Fu L, Tan D, Sun X, Ding Z, Zhang J. Extensive post-transcriptional regulation revealed by integrative transcriptome and proteome analyses in salicylic acid-induced flowering in duckweed ( Lemna gibba). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1331949. [PMID: 38390296 PMCID: PMC10883067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Duckweed is an aquatic model plant with tremendous potential in industrial and agricultural applications. Duckweed rarely flowers which significantly hinders the resource collection and heterosis utilization. Salicylic acid (SA) can significantly induce duckweed to flower; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this work, transcriptome and proteome were conducted in parallel to examine the expression change of genes and proteins in Lemna gibba under SA treatment. A high-quality reference transcriptome was generated using Iso-Seq strategy, yielding 42,281 full-length transcripts. A total of 422, 423, and 417 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as 213, 51, and 92 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), were identified at flower induction, flower initiation, and flowering stages by ssRNA-seq and iTRAQ methods. Most DEGs and DEPs were only regulated at either the transcriptomic or proteomic level. Additionally, DEPs exhibited low expression correlations with the corresponding mRNAs, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation plays a pivotal role in SA-induced flowering in L. gibba. Specifically, the genes related to photosynthesis, stress, and hormone metabolism were mainly regulated at the mRNA level, those associated with mitochondrial electron transport / ATP synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, and secondary metabolism were regulated at the protein level, while those related to redox metabolism were regulated at the mRNA and/or protein levels. The post-transcriptional regulation of genes relevant to hormone synthesis, transcription factors, and flowering was also extensively analyzed and discussed. This is the first study of integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in duckweed, providing novel insights of post-transcriptional regulation in SA-induced flowering of L. gibba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Deguan Tan
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xuepiao Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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5
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Mestre-Tomás J, Liu T, Pardo-Palacios F, Conesa A. SQANTI-SIM: a simulator of controlled transcript novelty for lrRNA-seq benchmark. Genome Biol 2023; 24:286. [PMID: 38082294 PMCID: PMC10712166 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-read RNA sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool for transcript discovery, even in well-annotated organisms. However, assessing the accuracy of different methods in identifying annotated and novel transcripts remains a challenge. Here, we present SQANTI-SIM, a versatile tool that wraps around popular long-read simulators to allow precise management of transcript novelty based on the structural categories defined by SQANTI3. By selectively excluding specific transcripts from the reference dataset, SQANTI-SIM effectively emulates scenarios involving unannotated transcripts. Furthermore, the tool provides customizable features and supports the simulation of additional types of data, representing the first multi-omics simulation tool for the lrRNA-seq field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Mestre-Tomás
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedrátic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, 46980, Spain
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedrátic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Francisco Pardo-Palacios
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedrátic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Ana Conesa
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedrátic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, 46980, Spain.
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6
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Wilson CA, Postlethwait JH. A maternal-to-zygotic-transition gene block on the zebrafish sex chromosome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.06.570431. [PMID: 38106184 PMCID: PMC10723407 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Wild zebrafish (Danio rerio) have a ZZ/ZW chromosomal sex determination system with the major sex locus on the right arm of chromosome-4 (Chr4R) near the largest heterochromatic block in the genome, suggesting the hypothesis that the Chr4R transcriptome might be different from the rest of the genome. We conducted an RNA-seq analysis of adult ZW ovaries and ZZ testes and identified four regions of Chr4 with different gene expression profiles. Unique in the genome, protein-coding genes in a 41.7 Mb section (Region-2) were expressed in testis but silent in ovary. The AB lab strain, which lacks sex chromosomes, verified this result, showing that testis-biased gene expression in Region-2 depends on gonad biology, not on sex-determining mechanism. RNA-seq analyses in female and male brain and liver validated few transcripts from Region-2 in somatic cells, but without sex-specificity. Region-2 corresponds to the heterochromatic portion of Chr4R and its content of genes and repetitive elements distinguishes it from the rest of the genome. In Region-2, protein-coding genes lack human orthologs; it has zinc finger genes expressed early in zygotic genome activation; it has maternal 5S rRNA genes, maternal spliceosome genes, a concentration of tRNA genes, and an distinct set of repetitive elements. The colocalization of 1) genes silenced in ovaries but not in testes that are 2) expressed in embryos briefly at the onset of zygotic genome activation; 3) maternal-specific genes for translation machinery; 4) maternal-specific spliceosome components; and 4) adjacent genes encoding miR-430, which mediates maternal transcript degradation, suggest that this is a Maternal-to-Zygotic-Transition Gene Regulatory Block.
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7
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Yan J, Ding Y, Peng Z, Qin L, Gu J, Wan C. Systematic Proteomics Study on the Embryonic Development of Danio rerio. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2814-2826. [PMID: 37500539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a complex and dynamic physiological process involving cell division, differentiation, and movement. Currently, the genome and transcriptome techniques have been widely used to study the embryonic development of zebrafish. However, the research of proteomics based on proteins that directly execute functions is relatively vacant. In this work, we apply label-free quantitative proteomics to explore protein profiling during zebrafish's embryogenesis, and a total of 5961 proteins were identified at 10 stages of zebrafish's early development. The identified proteins were divided into 11 modules according to weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the characteristics between modules were significantly different. For example, mitochondria-related functions enriched the early development of zebrafish. Primordial germ cell-related proteins were identified at the 4-cell stage, while the eye development event is dominated at 5 days post fertilization (dpf). By combining with published transcriptomics data, we discovered some proteins that may be involved in activating zygotic genes. Meanwhile, 137 novel proteins were identified. This study comprehensively analyzed the dynamic processes in the embryonic development of zebrafish from the perspective of proteomics. It provided solid data support for further understanding of the molecular mechanism of its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Yan
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhe Ding
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Peng
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Qin
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Gu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
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Mestre-Tomás J, Liu T, Pardo-Palacios F, Conesa A. SQANTI-SIM: a simulator of controlled transcript novelty for lrRNA-seq benchmark. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.23.554392. [PMID: 37662216 PMCID: PMC10473693 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-read RNA-seq has emerged as a powerful tool for transcript discovery, even in well-annotated organisms. However, assessing the accuracy of different methods in identifying annotated and novel transcripts remains a challenge. Here, we present SQANTI-SIM, a versatile utility that wraps around popular long-read simulators to allow precise management of transcript novelty based on the structural categories defined by SQANTI3. By selectively excluding specific transcripts from the reference dataset, SQANTI-SIM effectively emulates scenarios involving unannotated transcripts. Furthermore, the tool provides customizable features and supports the simulation of additional types of data, representing the first multi-omics simulation tool for the lrRNA-seq field. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SQANTI-SIM by benchmarking five transcriptome reconstruction pipelines using the simulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Mestre-Tomás
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Francisco Pardo-Palacios
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Ana Conesa
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, 46980, Spain
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9
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Xu R, Xu P, Wei H, Huang Y, Zhu X, Lin C, Yan Z, Xin L, Li L, Lv W, Zeng S, Tian G, Ma J, Cheng B, Lu H, Chen Y. Ticlopidine induces embryonic development toxicity and hepatotoxicity in zebrafish by upregulating the oxidative stress signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115283. [PMID: 37531924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Ticlopidine exerts its anti-platelet effects mainly by antagonizing platelet p2y12 receptors. Previously, a few studies have shown that ticlopidine can induce liver injury, but the exact mechanism of hepatotoxicity remains unclear. Oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, hepatocyte apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory responses can all lead to hepatic liver damage, which can cause hepatotoxicity. In this study, in order to deeply explore the potential molecular mechanisms of ticlopidine -induced hepatotoxicity, we used zebrafish as a model organism to comprehensively evaluate the hepatotoxicity of ticlopidine and its associated mechanism. Three days post-fertilization, zebrafish larvae were exposed to varying concentrations (1.5, 1.75 and 2 μg/mL) of ticlopidine for 72 h, in contrast, adult zebrafish were exposed exposure to 4 μg/mL of ticlopidine for 28 days. Ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae showed changes in liver morphology, shortened body length, and delayed development of the swim bladder development. Liver tissues of ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae and adults stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin revealed vacuolization and increased cellular interstitial spaces in liver tissues. Furthermore, using Oil Red O and periodic acid-Schiff staining methods and evaluating different metabolic enzymes of ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae and adults suggested abnormal liver metabolism and liver injury in both ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae and adults. Ticlopidine also significantly elevated inflammation and oxidative stress and reduced hepatocyte proliferation. During the rescue intervention using N-acetylcysteine, we observed significant improvement in ticlopidine-induced morphological changes in the liver, shortened body length, delayed swim bladder development, and proliferation of liver tissues showed significant improvement. In conclusion, ticlopidine might inhibit normal development and liver proliferation in zebrafish by upregulation of oxidative stress levels, thus leading to embryonic developmental toxicity and hepatotoxicity. In this study, we used zebrafish as a model organism to elucidate the developmental toxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by ticlopidine upregulation of oxidative stress signaling pathway in zebrafish, providing a theoretical basis for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Pengxiang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chuanming Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhimin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Liuyan Xin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Weiming Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Shuqin Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guiyou Tian
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Yijian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; The Endemic Disease (Thalassemia) Clinical Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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10
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Ren Y, Tseng E, Smith TPL, Hiendleder S, Williams JL, Low WY. Long read isoform sequencing reveals hidden transcriptional complexity between cattle subspecies. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:108. [PMID: 36915055 PMCID: PMC10012480 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Iso-Seq method of full-length cDNA sequencing is suitable to quantify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), transcripts (DETs) and transcript usage (DTU). However, the higher cost of Iso-Seq relative to RNA-seq has limited the comparison of both methods. Transcript abundance estimated by RNA-seq and deep Iso-Seq data for fetal liver from two cattle subspecies were compared to evaluate concordance. Inter-sample correlation of gene- and transcript-level abundance was higher within technology than between technologies. Identification of DEGs between the cattle subspecies depended on sequencing method with only 44 genes identified by both that included 6 novel genes annotated by Iso-Seq. There was a pronounced difference between Iso-Seq and RNA-seq results at transcript-level wherein Iso-Seq revealed several magnitudes more transcript abundance and usage differences between subspecies. Factors influencing DEG identification included size selection during Iso-Seq library preparation, average transcript abundance, multi-mapping of RNA-seq reads to the reference genome, and overlapping coordinates of genes. Some DEGs called by RNA-seq alone appear to be sequence duplication artifacts. Among the 44 DEGs identified by both technologies some play a role in immune system, thyroid function and cell growth. Iso-Seq revealed hidden transcriptional complexity in DEGs, DETs and DTU genes between cattle subspecies previously missed by RNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia
| | | | - Timothy P L Smith
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Stefan Hiendleder
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - John L Williams
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia.,Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Wai Yee Low
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia.
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11
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Zhang H, Liang Y, Chen S, Xuan Z, Jiang Y, Li R, Cao Y. Full-length transcriptome sequencing reveals extreme incomplete annotation of the goat genome. Anim Genet 2023. [PMID: 36849788 DOI: 10.1111/age.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in generating high-quality reference genome assemblies, the genome sequences for most livestock species, including goats, are still poorly annotated. Single-molecule long-read sequencing has greatly facilitated gene annotation by obtaining full-length transcripts. In this study, we generated full-length transcriptome data for samples from abomasum (n = 2) and testicle (n = 1), using PacBio Iso-Seq technology. We further combined these data with published data from abomasum (5ZY, SRR8618141) to evaluate and improve the gene annotation of the goat genome. We identified 14.5-16.3% of novel genes per sample from the four Iso-Seq datasets. At the transcript level, 40.6% of them were novel, including 29.7% novel transcripts from known genes and 10.9% from novel genes. We further verified the expression of novel genes in four additional RNA-seq data and found that the expression level of novel genes was significantly lower than that of known genes, indicating that the lowly expressed genes tend to be missed in the current genome annotation. This study shows the superiority of full-length transcriptome data in gene annotation, and more such data are required to improve the gene annotation for goat genome and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yilin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shaomei Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Zeyi Xuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, China
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12
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Comparative Analysis of miRNA-mRNA Regulation in the Testes of Gobiocypris rarus following 17α-Methyltestosterone Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044239. [PMID: 36835651 PMCID: PMC9968023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
17α-Methyltestosterone (17MT), a synthetic organic compound commonly found in sewage waters, can affect reproduction in aquatic animals, such as tilapia and yellow catfish. In the present study, male Gobiocypris rarus were exposed to 25, 50, and 100 ng/L of 17α-methyltestosterone (17MT) for 7 days. We first analyzed miRNA- and RNA-seq results to determine miRNA-target gene pairs and then developed miRNA-mRNA interactive networks after 17MT administration. Total weights, total lengths, and body lengths were not significantly different between the test groups and control groups. The paraffin slice method was applied to testes of G. rarus in the MT exposure and control groups. We found that there were more mature sperm (S) and fewer secondary spermatocytes (SSs) and spermatogonia (SGs) in the testes of control groups. As 17MT concentration increased, fewer and fewer mature sperm (S) were observed in the testes of male G. rarus. The results showed that FSH, 11-KT, and E2 were significantly higher in individuals exposed to 25 ng/L 17MT compared with the control groups. VTG, FSH, LH, 11-KT, and E2 were significantly lower in the 50 ng/L 17MT exposure groups compared to the control groups. VTG, FSH, LH, 11-KT, E2, and T were significantly lower in the groups exposed to 100 ng/L 17MT. High-throughput sequencing revealed 73,449 unigenes, 1205 known mature miRNAs, and 939 novel miRNAs in the gonads of G. rarus. With miRNA-seq, 49 (MT25-M vs. Con-M), 66 (MT50-M vs. Con-M), and 49 (MT100-M vs. Con-M) DEMs were identified in the treatment groups. Five mature miRNAs (miR-122-x, miR-574-x, miR-430-y, lin-4-x, and miR-7-y), as well as seven differentially expressed genes (soat2, inhbb, ihhb, gatm, faxdc2, ebp, and cyp1a1), which may be associated with testicular development, metabolism, apoptosis, and disease response, were assayed using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, miR-122-x (related to lipid metabolism), miR-430-y (embryonic development), lin-4-x (apoptosis), and miR-7-y (disease) were differentially expressed in the testes of 17MT-exposed G. rarus. This study highlights the role of miRNA-mRNA pairs in the regulation of testicular development and immune response to disease and will facilitate future studies on the miRNA-RNA-associated regulation of teleost reproduction.
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13
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Papa Y, Wellenreuther M, Morrison MA, Ritchie PA. Genome assembly and isoform analysis of a highly heterozygous New Zealand fisheries species, the tarakihi (Nemadactylus macropterus). G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 13:6883520. [PMID: 36477875 PMCID: PMC9911067 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although being some of the most valuable and heavily exploited wild organisms, few fisheries species have been studied at the whole-genome level. This is especially the case in New Zealand, where genomics resources are urgently needed to assist fisheries management. Here, we generated 55 Gb of short Illumina reads (92× coverage) and 73 Gb of long Nanopore reads (122×) to produce the first genome assembly of the marine teleost tarakihi [Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster, 1801)], a highly valuable fisheries species in New Zealand. An additional 300 Mb of Iso-Seq reads were obtained to assist in gene annotation. The final genome assembly was 568 Mb long with an N50 of 3.37 Mb. The genome completeness was high, with 97.8% of complete Actinopterygii Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. Heterozygosity values estimated through k-mer counting (1.00%) and bi-allelic SNPs (0.64%) were high compared with the same values reported for other fishes. Iso-Seq analysis recovered 91,313 unique transcripts from 15,515 genes (mean ratio of 5.89 transcripts per gene), and the most common alternative splicing event was intron retention. This highly contiguous genome assembly and the isoform-resolved transcriptome will provide a useful resource to assist the study of population genomics and comparative eco-evolutionary studies in teleosts and related organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Papa
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Seafood Production Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson 7010, New Zealand,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Mark A Morrison
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Ritchie
- Corresponding author: Te Toki A Rata, Gate 7, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
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14
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Fu Q, Zhang P, Zhao S, Li Y, Li X, Cao M, Yang N, Li C. A novel full-length transcriptome resource from multiple immune-related tissues in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) using Pacbio SMART sequencing. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:106-113. [PMID: 35995372 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is an important cold-water economic fish. However, the production and development of turbot industry has been constantly hindered by the frequent occurrence of some diseases. Lacking full-length transcriptome for turbot limits immune gene discoveries and gene structures analysis. Therefore, we generated a full-length transcriptome using mixed immune-related tissues of turbot with PacBio Sequel platform. In this study, a total of 31.7 Gb high quality data were generated with the average subreads length of 2618 bp. According to the presence of 5' and 3' primers as well as poly (A) tails, FL (Full-length) and NFL (Non-full-length) isoforms were obtained. Meanwhile, we identified 32,003 non-redundant transcripts, 76.02% of which was novel isoforms of known genes. In addition, 12,176 alternative splicing (AS) events, 6614 polyadenylation (APA) events, 1905 transcription factors, and 2703 lncRNAs were identified. This work is a comprehensive report on the full-length transcriptome of immune-related tissues of turbot, and it also provides valuable molecular resources for future research on the adaptation mechanisms and functional genomics of turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shoucong Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xingchun Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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15
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Shen Y, Zeng X, Chen G, Wu X. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals regional specialization of gene expression in larval silkworm (Bombyx mori) midgut. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1329-1345. [PMID: 34997945 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect midgut plays a central role in food digestion and nutrition absorption. Larval silkworm midgut could be divided into 3 distinct regions based on their morphological colors. However, it remains rudimentary of regional gene expression and physiological function in larval silkworm midgut. Through transcriptome sequencing of 3 midgut compartments, a comprehensive analysis of gene expression atlas along the anterior-posterior axis was conducted. Posterior midgut was found transcriptionally divergent from anterior and middle midgut. Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed the regional specialization of digestive enzyme production, transmembrane transport, chitin metabolism, and hormone regulation in different midgut regions. In addition, gene subsets of pan-midgut and region-specific transcription factors (TFs) along the length of midgut were also identified. The results suggested that homeobox TFs might play an essential role in transcriptional variations across the midgut. Altogether, our study provided the first fundamental resource to investigate physiological function and regulation mechanism in larval midgut compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwang Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Lou F, Chen J, Han Z, Yang T, Gao T, Song N. Single-molecule Real-time (SMRT) Sequencing Facilitates Transcriptome Research and Genome Annotation of the Fish Sillago sinica. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:1002-1013. [PMID: 36083383 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a newly described Sillaginidae species, Chinese sillago (Sillago sinica) needs a better understanding of gene annotation information. In this study, we reported the first full-length transcriptome data of S. sinica using the PacBio isoform sequencing Iso-seq and a description of transcriptome structure analysis. A total of 454,979 high-quality full-length transcripts were obtained by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, which was corrected by Illumina sequencing data. After that, 66,948 non-redundant full-length transcripts were generated after mapping to the reference genome of S. sinica, including 49 fusion isoforms and 9,250 novel isoforms. 63,459 isoforms were successfully annotated by one of the Nr, Nt, SwissProt, Pfam, KOG, GO, and KEGG databases. Additionally, 30,987 alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites, 451,867 alternative splicing (AS) events, 21,928 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 12,911 transcription factors (TFs) were identified. The full-length transcripts of S. sinica would provide a precious resource for characterizing the transcriptome of S. sinica and for the further study of gene function and regulatory mechanism of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Fishery College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Fangrui Lou
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Tianyan Yang
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Na Song
- Fishery College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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17
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Dynamic Transcriptional Landscape of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Reveals Key Transcriptional Features Involved in Fish Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911547. [PMID: 36232849 PMCID: PMC9569805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-quality baseline transcriptome is a valuable resource for developmental research as well as a useful reference for other studies. We gathered 41 samples representing 11 tissues/organs from 22 important developmental time points within 197 days of fertilization of grass carp eggs in order to systematically examine the role of lncRNAs and alternative splicing in fish development. We created a high-quality grass carp baseline transcriptome with a completeness of up to 93.98 percent by combining strand-specific RNA sequencing and single-molecule real-time RNA sequencing technologies, and we obtained temporal expression profiles of 33,055 genes and 77,582 transcripts during development and tissue differentiation. A family of short interspersed elements was preferentially expressed at the early stage of zygotic activation in grass carp, and its possible regulatory components were discovered through analysis. Additionally, after thoroughly analyzing alternative splicing events, we discovered that retained intron (RI) alternative splicing events change significantly in both zygotic activation and tissue differentiation. During zygotic activation, we also revealed the precise regulatory characteristics of the underlying functional RI events.
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18
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Liu Z, Wang W, Li X, Zhao X, Zhao H, Yang W, Zuo Y, Cai L, Xing Y. Temporal Dynamic Analysis of Alternative Splicing During Embryonic Development in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:879795. [PMID: 35874832 PMCID: PMC9304896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is pervasive in mammalian genomes and involved in embryo development, whereas research on crosstalk of alternative splicing and embryo development was largely restricted to mouse and human and the alternative splicing regulation during embryogenesis in zebrafish remained unclear. We constructed the alternative splicing atlas at 18 time-course stages covering maternal-to-zygotic transition, gastrulation, somitogenesis, pharyngula stages, and post-fertilization in zebrafish. The differential alternative splicing events between different developmental stages were detected. The results indicated that abundance alternative splicing and differential alternative splicing events are dynamically changed and remarkably abundant during the maternal-to-zygotic transition process. Based on gene expression profiles, we found splicing factors are expressed with specificity of developmental stage and largely expressed during the maternal-to-zygotic transition process. The better performance of cluster analysis was achieved based on the inclusion level of alternative splicing. The biological function analysis uncovered the important roles of alternative splicing during embryogenesis. The identification of isoform switches of alternative splicing provided a new insight into mining the regulated mechanism of transcript isoforms, which always is hidden by gene expression. In conclusion, we inferred that alternative splicing activation is synchronized with zygotic genome activation and discovered that alternative splicing is coupled with transcription during embryo development in zebrafish. We also unveiled that the temporal expression dynamics of splicing factors during embryo development, especially co-orthologous splicing factors. Furthermore, we proposed that the inclusion level of alternative splicing events can be employed for cluster analysis as a novel parameter. This work will provide a deeper insight into the regulation of alternative splicing during embryogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Xinru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Digital College, Inner Mongolia Intelligent Union Big Data Academy, Inner Mongolia Wesure Date Technology Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Wuritu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Hohhot Science and Technology Bureau, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Digital College, Inner Mongolia Intelligent Union Big Data Academy, Inner Mongolia Wesure Date Technology Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Lu Cai
- The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yongqiang Xing
- The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Xing,
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19
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Tombácz D, Kakuk B, Torma G, Csabai Z, Gulyás G, Tamás V, Zádori Z, Jefferson VA, Meyer F, Boldogkői Z. In-Depth Temporal Transcriptome Profiling of an Alphaherpesvirus Using Nanopore Sequencing. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061289. [PMID: 35746760 PMCID: PMC9229804 DOI: 10.3390/v14061289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a long-read sequencing (LRS) technique based on the Oxford Nanopore Technology MinION platform was used for quantifying and kinetic characterization of the poly(A) fraction of bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) lytic transcriptome across a 12-h infection period. Amplification-based LRS techniques frequently generate artefactual transcription reads and are biased towards the production of shorter amplicons. To avoid these undesired effects, we applied direct cDNA sequencing, an amplification-free technique. Here, we show that a single promoter can produce multiple transcription start sites whose distribution patterns differ among the viral genes but are similar in the same gene at different timepoints. Our investigations revealed that the circ gene is expressed with immediate–early (IE) kinetics by utilizing a special mechanism based on the use of the promoter of another IE gene (bicp4) for the transcriptional control. Furthermore, we detected an overlap between the initiation of DNA replication and the transcription from the bicp22 gene, which suggests an interaction between the two molecular machineries. This study developed a generally applicable LRS-based method for the time-course characterization of transcriptomes of any organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Tombácz
- Department of Medical Biology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (B.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Balázs Kakuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (B.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Gábor Torma
- Department of Medical Biology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (B.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Zsolt Csabai
- Department of Medical Biology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (B.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Gábor Gulyás
- Department of Medical Biology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (B.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Vivien Tamás
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (V.T.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (V.T.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Victoria A. Jefferson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman P.O. Box 9655, 32 Creelman St., Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (V.A.J.); (F.M.)
| | - Florencia Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman P.O. Box 9655, 32 Creelman St., Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (V.A.J.); (F.M.)
| | - Zsolt Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (B.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Huang T, Gu W, Liu E, Zhang L, Dong F, He X, Jiao W, Li C, Wang B, Xu G. Screening and Validation of p38 MAPK Involved in Ovarian Development of Brachymystax lenok. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:752521. [PMID: 35252414 PMCID: PMC8889577 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.752521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachymystax lenok (lenok) is a rare cold-water fish native to China that is of high meat quality. Its wild population has declined sharply in recent years, and therefore, exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and reproduction of lenoks for the purposes of artificial breeding and genetic improvement is necessary. The lenok comparative transcriptome was analyzed by combining single molecule, real-time, and next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in five tissues (head kidney, spleen, liver, muscle, and gonad) between immature [300 days post-hatching (dph)] and mature [three years post-hatching (ph)] lenoks. In total, 234,124 and 229,008 full-length non-chimeric reads were obtained from the immature and mature sequencing data, respectively. After NGS correction, 61,405 and 59,372 non-redundant transcripts were obtained for the expression level and pathway enrichment analyses, respectively. Compared with the mature group, 719 genes with significantly increased expression and 1,727 genes with significantly decreased expression in all five tissues were found in the immature group. Furthermore, DEGs and pathways involved in the endocrine system and gonadal development were identified, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were identified as potentially regulating gonadal development in lenok. Inhibiting the activity of p38 MAPKs resulted in abnormal levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol, and affected follicular development. The full-length transcriptome data obtained in this study may provide a valuable reference for the study of gene function, gene expression, and evolutionary relationships in B. lenok and may illustrate the basic regulatory mechanism of ovarian development in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Enhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province General Station of Aquatic Technology Promotion, Harbin, China
| | - Fulin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianchen He
- Heilongjiang Aquatic Animal Resource Conservation Center, Harbin, China
| | - Wenlong Jiao
- Gansu Fisheries Research Institute, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Xinjiang Tianyun Organic Agriculture Co., Yili Group, Hohhot, China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Bingqian Wang
| | - Gefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Gefeng Xu
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21
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Singh P, Ahi EP. The importance of alternative splicing in adaptive evolution. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1928-1938. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Canada
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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22
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Namba S, Ueno T, Kojima S, Kobayashi K, Kawase K, Tanaka Y, Inoue S, Kishigami F, Kawashima S, Maeda N, Ogawa T, Hazama S, Togashi Y, Ando M, Shiraishi Y, Mano H, Kawazu M. Transcript-targeted analysis reveals isoform alterations and double-hop fusions in breast cancer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1320. [PMID: 34811492 PMCID: PMC8608905 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transcriptome alteration is an essential driver of carcinogenesis, the effects of chromosomal structural alterations on the cancer transcriptome are not yet fully understood. Short-read transcript sequencing has prevented researchers from directly exploring full-length transcripts, forcing them to focus on individual splice sites. Here, we develop a pipeline for Multi-Sample long-read Transcriptome Assembly (MuSTA), which enables construction of a transcriptome from long-read sequence data. Using the constructed transcriptome as a reference, we analyze RNA extracted from 22 clinical breast cancer specimens. We identify a comprehensive set of subtype-specific and differentially used isoforms, which extended our knowledge of isoform regulation to unannotated isoforms including a short form TNS3. We also find that the exon-intron structure of fusion transcripts depends on their genomic context, and we identify double-hop fusion transcripts that are transcribed from complex structural rearrangements. For example, a double-hop fusion results in aberrant expression of an endogenous retroviral gene, ERVFRD-1, which is normally expressed exclusively in placenta and is thought to protect fetus from maternal rejection; expression is elevated in several TCGA samples with ERVFRD-1 fusions. Our analyses provide direct evidence that full-length transcript sequencing of clinical samples can add to our understanding of cancer biology and genomics in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Namba
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ueno
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shinya Kojima
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kenya Kobayashi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Katsushige Kawase
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Research Institute, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Fumishi Kishigami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shusuke Kawashima
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Research Institute, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Noriko Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ogawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Mie University Hospital, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Research Institute, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawazu
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Research Institute, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
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23
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Liu J, Bao Y, Zhong Y, Wang Q, Liu H. Genome-wide association study and transcriptome of olecranon-type traits in peach (Prunus persica L.) germplasm. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:702. [PMID: 34583632 PMCID: PMC8480057 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The top of the olecranon honey peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit appears similar to an eagle’s beak. In this study, a single olecranon honey peach with a round-type fruit was observed in our fruit orchard. To explore the genetic mechanism of olecranon formation, we performed full-length transcriptome sequencing analysis of olecranon and round peaches as well as a genome-wide association study of the association of olecranon-type trait loci. Results The gene locus was 26,924,482 base pairs in NC_034014.1. Transcriptome sequencing showed that the clean sequencing data of each sample reached 7.10GB, with 14,360 genes and 23,167 transcripts expressed in both the olecranon honey peach and round peach. Among the 11 differentially expressed genes selected as candidate genes, six were highly expressed in olecranon peach and named as LOC18775282, LOC18772209, LOC18773929, LOC18772013, LOC18773401, and ONT.13798.5. Five genes were highly expressed in round peach and named as LOC18773079, LOC18773525, LOC18773067, LOC18775244, and LOC18772236. Notably, ONT.13798.5 was not previously identified. The genes were within 1 Mb up- or down-stream of the main genome-wide association study locus for olecranon-type traits. Conclusions This study revealed loci associated with olecranon and provides useful information for analysis and breeding of olecranon honey peach. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08017-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 510225, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 510225, Guangzhou, China.,Modern Agriculture Research Center, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 510225, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Bao
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 510225, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuming Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 510225, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 510225, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 510225, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Naftaly AS, Pau S, White MA. Long-read RNA sequencing reveals widespread sex-specific alternative splicing in threespine stickleback fish. Genome Res 2021; 31:1486-1497. [PMID: 34131005 PMCID: PMC8327910 DOI: 10.1101/gr.274282.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternate isoforms are important contributors to phenotypic diversity across eukaryotes. Although short-read RNA-sequencing has increased our understanding of isoform diversity, it is challenging to accurately detect full-length transcripts, preventing the identification of many alternate isoforms. Long-read sequencing technologies have made it possible to sequence full-length alternative transcripts, accurately characterizing alternative splicing events, alternate transcription start and end sites, and differences in UTR regions. Here, we use Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long-read RNA-sequencing (Iso-Seq) to examine the transcriptomes of five organs in threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a widely used genetic model species. The threespine stickleback fish has a refined genome assembly in which gene annotations are based on short-read RNA sequencing and predictions from coding sequence of other species. This suggests some of the existing annotations may be inaccurate or alternative transcripts may not be fully characterized. Using Iso-Seq we detected thousands of novel isoforms, indicating many isoforms are absent in the current Ensembl gene annotations. In addition, we refined many of the existing annotations within the genome. We noted many improperly positioned transcription start sites that were refined with long-read sequencing. The Iso-Seq-predicted transcription start sites were more accurate and verified through ATAC-seq. We also detected many alternative splicing events between sexes and across organs. We found a substantial number of genes in both somatic and gonadal samples that had sex-specific isoforms. Our study highlights the power of long-read sequencing to study the complexity of transcriptomes, greatly improving genomic resources for the threespine stickleback fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Naftaly
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Shana Pau
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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25
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Ali A, Thorgaard GH, Salem M. PacBio Iso-Seq Improves the Rainbow Trout Genome Annotation and Identifies Alternative Splicing Associated With Economically Important Phenotypes. Front Genet 2021; 12:683408. [PMID: 34335690 PMCID: PMC8321248 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.683408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout is an important model organism that has received concerted international efforts to study the transcriptome. For this purpose, short-read sequencing has been primarily used over the past decade. However, these sequences are too short of resolving the transcriptome complexity. This study reported a first full-length transcriptome assembly of the rainbow trout using single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq). Extensive computational approaches were used to refine and validate the reconstructed transcriptome. The study identified 10,640 high-confidence transcripts not previously annotated, in addition to 1,479 isoforms not mapped to the current Swanson reference genome. Most of the identified lncRNAs were non-coding variants of coding transcripts. The majority of genes had multiple transcript isoforms (average ∼3 isoforms/locus). Intron retention (IR) and exon skipping (ES) accounted for 56% of alternative splicing (AS) events. Iso-Seq improved the reference genome annotation, which allowed identification of characteristic AS associated with fish growth, muscle accretion, disease resistance, stress response, and fish migration. For instance, an ES in GVIN1 gene existed in fish susceptible to bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD). Besides, under five stress conditions, there was a commonly regulated exon in prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2 (P4HA2) gene. The reconstructed gene models and their posttranscriptional processing in rainbow trout provide invaluable resources that could be further used for future genetics and genomics studies. Additionally, the study identified characteristic transcription events associated with economically important phenotypes, which could be applied in selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Gary H. Thorgaard
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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26
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Kakuk B, Tombácz D, Balázs Z, Moldován N, Csabai Z, Torma G, Megyeri K, Snyder M, Boldogkői Z. Combined nanopore and single-molecule real-time sequencing survey of human betaherpesvirus 5 transcriptome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14487. [PMID: 34262076 PMCID: PMC8280142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-read sequencing (LRS), a powerful novel approach, is able to read full-length transcripts and confers a major advantage over the earlier gold standard short-read sequencing in the efficiency of identifying for example polycistronic transcripts and transcript isoforms, including transcript length- and splice variants. In this work, we profile the human cytomegalovirus transcriptome using two third-generation LRS platforms: the Sequel from Pacific BioSciences, and MinION from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. We carried out both cDNA and direct RNA sequencing, and applied the LoRTIA software, developed in our laboratory, for the transcript annotations. This study identified a large number of novel transcript variants, including splice isoforms and transcript start and end site isoforms, as well as putative mRNAs with truncated in-frame ORFs (located within the larger ORFs of the canonical mRNAs), which potentially encode N-terminally truncated polypeptides. Our work also disclosed a highly complex meshwork of transcriptional read-throughs and overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Kakuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Tombácz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Momentum GeMiNI Research Group, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zsolt Balázs
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Moldován
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csabai
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Torma
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Megyeri
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zsolt Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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27
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Tombácz D, Moldován N, Torma G, Nagy T, Hornyák Á, Csabai Z, Gulyás G, Boldogkői M, Jefferson VA, Zádori Z, Meyer F, Boldogkői Z. Dynamic Transcriptome Sequencing of Bovine Alphaherpesvirus Type 1 and Host Cells Carried Out by a Multi-Technique Approach. Front Genet 2021; 12:619056. [PMID: 33897757 PMCID: PMC8059770 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.619056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Tombácz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Moldován
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Torma
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ákos Hornyák
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csabai
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gulyás
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Victoria A Jefferson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Florencia Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Zsolt Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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28
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Gan W, Chung-Davidson YW, Chen Z, Song S, Cui W, He W, Zhang Q, Li W, Li M, Ren J. Global tissue transcriptomic analysis to improve genome annotation and unravel skin pigmentation in goldfish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1815. [PMID: 33469041 PMCID: PMC7815744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Goldfish is an ornamental fish with diverse phenotypes. However, the limited genomic resources of goldfish hamper our understanding of the genetic basis for its phenotypic diversity. To provide enriched genomic resources and infer possible mechanisms underlying skin pigmentation, we performed a large-scale transcriptomic sequencing on 13 adult goldfish tissues, larvae at one- and three-days post hatch, and skin tissues with four different color pigmentation. A total of 25.52 Gb and 149.80 Gb clean data were obtained using the PacBio and Illumina platforms, respectively. Onto the goldfish reference genome, we mapped 137,674 non-redundant transcripts, of which 5.54% was known isoforms and 78.53% was novel isoforms of the reference genes, and the remaining 21,926 isoforms are novel isoforms of additional new genes. Both skin-specific and color-specific transcriptomic analyses showed that several significantly enriched genes were known to be involved in melanogenesis, tyrosine metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, folate biosynthesis metabolism and so on. Thirteen differentially expressed genes across different color skins were associated with melanogenesis and pteridine synthesis including mitf, ednrb, mc1r, tyr, mlph and gch1, and xanthophore differentiation such as pax7, slc2a11 and slc2a15. These transcriptomic data revealed pathways involved in goldfish pigmentation and improved the gene annotation of the reference genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Gan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Zelin Chen
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Shiying Song
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenyao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jianfeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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29
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Time-course profiling of bovine alphaherpesvirus 1.1 transcriptome using multiplatform sequencing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20496. [PMID: 33235226 PMCID: PMC7686369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-read sequencing (LRS) has become a standard approach for transcriptome analysis in recent years. Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle worldwide. This study reports the profiling of the dynamic lytic transcriptome of BoHV-1 using two long-read sequencing (LRS) techniques, the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION, and the LoopSeq synthetic LRS methods, using multiple library preparation protocols. In this work, we annotated viral mRNAs and non-coding transcripts, and a large number of transcript isoforms, including transcription start and end sites, as well as splice variants of BoHV-1. Our analysis demonstrated an extremely complex pattern of transcriptional overlaps.
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30
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Cao M, Zhang M, Yang N, Fu Q, Su B, Zhang X, Li Q, Yan X, Thongda W, Li C. Full length transcriptome profiling reveals novel immune-related genes in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:1078-1086. [PMID: 32947030 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lacking full-length transcriptome for black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) limits novel gene discoveries and gene structures analysis. Therefore, we constructed the full-length transcriptome of black rockfish using Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing technology. Totally, we produced 21.73 Gb raw reads containing 298,904 circular consensus sequence (CCS) reads. Full-length (FL) and Non-full-length (NFL) isoforms were obtained based on the presence of 5' and 3' primers as well as poly (A) tails. The results showed 70.71% reads were identified as FL isoforms. Moreover, the average length of these PacBio isoforms is 2,632 bp, which is much longer than the length of the unigenes with the average length of 589 bp which generated from Illumina platform. Meanwhile, we identified 43,068 non-redundant transcripts, 12,485 alternative splicing (AS), 6,320 polyadenylation (APA) and 499 gene fusions as well as numerous long non-coding RNAs based on mapped FL isoforms. In addition, we identified 147 and 528 immune-related genes from novel genes and unmapped transcripts. The provided dataset can be utilized to discover novel genes and construct a comprehensive transcript dataset for black rockfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Wilawan Thongda
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biology (CENTEX Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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31
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Xiu Y, Li Y, Liu X, Li C. Full-length transcriptome sequencing from multiple immune-related tissues of Paralichthys olivaceus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:930-937. [PMID: 32927055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important economical flatfish in Japan, Korea and China, but its production has been greatly threatened by various of diseases. Although RNA-seq has provided valuable insights into the host-pathogen interaction, there are still some disadvantages, such as a short sequencing length, the incomplete or inaccurate splicing. Therefore, we generated a full-length transcriptome using mixed immune-related tissues of P. olivaceus with PacBio Sequel platform. In this study, 379,671 full-length non-chimeric (flnc) reads were generated with average length of 2482 bp, which is longer than any previously reported in P. olivaceus. A total of 66,420 isoforms of transcript were identified, 46,850 of which were novel isoforms of known genes accounting for 70.54%. In addition, 7720 novel genes, 12,540 alternative splicing (AS) events, 9296 alternative polyadenylation (APA) events, 2298 transcription factors (TFs), 10,270 lncRNAs and 5400 fusion transcripts were identified. Furthermore, functional annotation showed that most of the full-length transcripts were enriched in immune-related signaling pathways. Otherwise, the mRNA-miRNA interacting networks confirmed that 28.5% of mRNAs were predicted to be targeted by more than one miRNA. These results facilitate the understanding of gene structure, post-transcriptional regulatory networks, and subsequently proteomic diversity. In conclusion, our study provides the full-length transcriptome from multiple immune-related tissues of P. olivaceus, which is valuable for exploring its immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Xiu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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32
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Shen Y, Liang W, Lin Y, Yang H, Chen X, Feng P, Zhang B, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Luo H. Single molecule real-time sequencing and RNA-seq unravel the role of long non-coding and circular RNA in the regulatory network during Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infection with Streptococcus agalactiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:640-653. [PMID: 32544555 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tilapia aquaculture industry is facing heavy economic losses due to Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) infections. While progress has been made in past years, the lack of a high-quality tilapia genome and transcript annotations makes systematic and comprehensive exploration for a non-coding RNA regulatory network associated with the infection process unfeasible, and it stunts further research focused on disease defense and treatment. Herein, single molecular real time sequencing (SMRT-Seq) and RNA-seq data were utilized to generate a high-quality transcript annotation. In addition, Changes in mRNA and non-coding RNA expression were also analyzed during a S. agalactiae infection in tilapia. FINDINGS In total, 16.79 Gb of clean data were obtained by sequencing on six SMRT cells, with 712,294 inserts (326,645 full-length non-chimeric reads and 354,188 non-full-length reads). A total of 197,952 consensus transcripts were obtained. Additionally, 55,857 transcript sequences were acquired, with 12,297 previously annotated and 43,560 newly identified transcripts. To further examine the immune response in Oreochromis niloticus following a S. agalactiae infection, a total of 470.62 Gb of clean data was generated by sequencing a library containing 18 S. agalactiae infected tilapia samples. Of the identified genes, 9911 were newly exploited, of which 7102 were functional annotated. Furthermore, 7874 mRNAs, 1281 long non-coding RNAs (out of 21,860 long non-coding RNAs), and 61 circular RNAs (out of 1026 circular RNAs) were found to be differentially expressed during infection, with the 1026 circRNAs not previously identified in tilapia. Moreover, k-means clustering and WGCNA analyses revealed that the immune response of tilapia to a S. agalactiae infection can be divided into three stages: cytokines driven rapid immune response, energy metabolism promotion, and the production of lysosomes and phagosomes. During this response, the head kidney and spleen have synergistic effects, while maintaining independent characteristics. Finally, lncRNA-mRNA (trans and cis), lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA, and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were constructed and revealed that non-coding RNA is involved in the regulation of immune-related genes. CONCLUSIONS This study generated a greatly-improved transcript annotation for tilapia using long-read PacBio sequencing technology, and revealed the presence of a regulatory network comprised of non-coding RNAs in Nile tilapia infected with S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Shen
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wanwen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Yong Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Huizan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Yongde Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.
| | - Honglin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.
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Li Y, Liu Y, Yang H, Zhang T, Naruse K, Tu Q. Dynamic transcriptional and chromatin accessibility landscape of medaka embryogenesis. Genome Res 2020; 30:924-937. [PMID: 32591361 PMCID: PMC7370878 DOI: 10.1101/gr.258871.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) has become an important vertebrate model widely used in genetics, developmental biology, environmental sciences, and many other fields. A high-quality genome sequence and a variety of genetic tools are available for this model organism. However, existing genome annotation is still rudimentary, as it was mainly based on computational prediction and short-read RNA-seq data. Here we report a dynamic transcriptome landscape of medaka embryogenesis profiled by long-read RNA-seq, short-read RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq. By integrating these data sets, we constructed a much-improved gene model set including about 17,000 novel isoforms and identified 1600 transcription factors, 1100 long noncoding RNAs, and 150,000 potential cis-regulatory elements as well. Time-series data sets provided another dimension of information. With the expression dynamics of genes and accessibility dynamics of cis-regulatory elements, we investigated isoform switching, as well as regulatory logic between accessible elements and genes, during embryogenesis. We built a user-friendly medaka omics data portal to present these data sets. This resource provides the first comprehensive omics data sets of medaka embryogenesis. Ultimately, we term these three assays as the minimum ENCODE toolbox and propose the use of it as the initial and essential profiling genomic assays for model organisms that have limited data available. This work will be of great value for the research community using medaka as the model organism and many others as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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High-resolution annotation of the mouse preimplantation embryo transcriptome using long-read sequencing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2653. [PMID: 32461551 PMCID: PMC7253418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of the preimplantation mouse embryo has been previously annotated by short-read sequencing, with limited coverage and accuracy. Here we utilize a low-cell number transcriptome based on the Smart-seq2 method to perform long-read sequencing. Our analysis describes additional novel transcripts and complexity of the preimplantation transcriptome, identifying 2280 potential novel transcripts from previously unannotated loci and 6289 novel splicing isoforms from previously annotated genes. Notably, these novel transcripts and isoforms with transcription start sites are enriched for an active promoter modification, H3K4me3. Moreover, we generate a more complete and precise transcriptome by combining long-read and short-read data during early embryogenesis. Based on this approach, we identify a previously undescribed isoform of Kdm4dl with a modified mRNA reading frame and a novel noncoding gene designated XLOC_004958. Depletion of Kdm4dl or XLOC_004958 led to abnormal blastocyst development. Thus, our data provide a high-resolution and more precise transcriptome during preimplantation mouse embryogenesis.
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35
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Wang Y, Xu J, Ge M, Ning L, Hu M, Zhao H. High-resolution profile of transcriptomes reveals a role of alternative splicing for modulating response to nitrogen in maize. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:353. [PMID: 32393171 PMCID: PMC7216474 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fluctuation of nitrogen (N) contents profoundly affects the root growth and architecture in maize by altering the expression of thousands of genes. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to N have been extensively reported. However, information about the effects of N variation on the alternative splicing in genes is limited. Results To reveal the effects of N on the transcriptome comprehensively, we studied the N-starved roots of B73 in response to nitrate treatment, using a combination of short-read sequencing (RNA-seq) and long-read sequencing (PacBio-sequencing) techniques. Samples were collected before and 30 min after nitrate supply. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the DEGs in response to N treatment were mainly associated with N metabolism and signal transduction. In addition, we developed a workflow that utilizes the RNA-seq data to improve the quality of long reads, increasing the number of high-quality long reads to about 2.5 times. Using this workflow, we identified thousands of novel isoforms; most of them encoded the known functional domains and were supported by the RNA-seq data. Moreover, we found more than 1000 genes that experienced AS events specifically in the N-treated samples, most of them were not differentially expressed after nitrate supply-these genes mainly related to immunity, molecular modification, and transportation. Notably, we found a transcription factor ZmNLP6, a homolog of AtNLP7-a well-known regulator for N-response and root growth-generates several isoforms varied in capacities of activating downstream targets specifically after nitrate supply. We found that one of its isoforms has an increased ability to activate downstream genes. Overlaying DEGs and DAP-seq results revealed that many putative targets of ZmNLP6 are involved in regulating N metabolism, suggesting the involvement of ZmNLP6 in the N-response. Conclusions Our study shows that many genes, including the transcription factor ZmNLP6, are involved in modulating early N-responses in maize through the mechanism of AS rather than altering the transcriptional abundance. Thus, AS plays an important role in maize to adapt N fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancong Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinyan Xu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Min Ge
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lihua Ning
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Mengmei Hu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Feng X, Jia Y, Zhu R, Chen K, Chen Y. Characterization and analysis of the transcriptome in Gymnocypris selincuoensis on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using single-molecule long-read sequencing and RNA-seq. DNA Res 2020; 26:353-363. [PMID: 31274170 PMCID: PMC6704404 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) are the largest and highest lake group in the world. Gymnocypris selincuoensis is the only cyprinid fish living in lake Selincuo, the largest lake on QTP. However, its genetic resource is still blank, limiting studies on molecular and genetic analysis. In this study, the transcriptome of G. selincuoensis was first generated by using PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-seq. A full-length (FL) transcriptome with 75,435 transcripts was obtained by Iso-Seq with N50 length of 3,870 bp. Among all transcripts, 75,016 were annotated to public databases, 64,710 contain complete open reading frames and 2,811 were long non-coding RNAs. Based on all- vs.-all BLAST, 2,069 alternative splicing events were detected, and 80% of them were validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Tissue gene expression atlas showed that the number of detected expressed transcripts ranged from 37,397 in brain to 19,914 in muscle, with 10,488 transcripts detected in all seven tissues. Comparative genomic analysis with other cyprinid fishes identified 77 orthologous genes with potential positive selection (Ka/Ks > 0.3). A total of 56,696 perfect simple sequence repeats were identified from FL transcripts. Our results provide valuable genetic resources for further studies on adaptive evolution, gene expression and population genetics in G. selincuoensis and other congeneric fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yintao Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Lou F, Song N, Han Z, Gao T. Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing facilitates Tachypleus tridentatus genome annotation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:89-97. [PMID: 31923512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tachypleus tridentatus is a keystone species in marine ecosystems. Its hemolymph also provides the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) for detection of bacterial endotoxin in human medical service. Here we combined SMRT sequencing and Illumina RNA-seq to characterize the novel isoforms, novel genetic loci, fusion isoforms formation and transcriptome structure and further to unveil the transcriptome complexity of T. tridentatus. We identified 26,705 non-redundancy isoforms form 10,919 genetic loci, including 25,713 novel isoforms, 2403 novel genes and 170 fusion isoforms. In addition, 1578 novel genes and 23,172 novel isoforms were annotated in the NR, Pfam, KOG, COG, eggNOG, Swiss-Prot, KEGG and GO databases. Meanwhile, we have obtained 4671 gene family clustering based on genetic loci. Furthermore, there are 17,296, 4887, 1054, and 1435 APAs, AS events, lncRNAs, and TFs were identified in the T. tridentatus long-read transcriptome and the target genes of 1054 lncRNA sequences were also predicted. Overall, our work firstly provided the long-read transcriptome and these data are very necessary to improve the annotation information of T. tridentatus genome and optimize the boundaries of 12,342 original reference annotated genes. Furthermore, these information are a potential resource to study LAL secretion mechanisms in T. tridentatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Lou
- Fishery College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Na Song
- Fishery College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
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38
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Proteomics Analysis of Early Developmental Stages of Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246359. [PMID: 31861170 PMCID: PMC6940819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a well-recognized organism for investigating vertebrate development and human diseases. However, the data on zebrafish proteome are scarce, particularly during embryogenesis. This is mostly due to the overwhelming abundance of egg yolk proteins, which tend to mask the detectable presence of less abundant proteins. We developed an efficient procedure to reduce the amount of yolk in zebrafish early embryos to improve the Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based shotgun proteomics analysis. We demonstrated that the deyolking procedure resulted in a greater number of proteins being identified. This protocol resulted in approximately 2-fold increase in the number of proteins identified in deyolked samples at cleavage stages, and the number of identified proteins increased greatly by 3-4 times compared to non-deyolked samples in both oblong and bud stages. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed a high number of functional proteins differentially accumulated in the deyolked versus non-deyolked samples. The most prominent enrichments after the deyolking procedure included processes, functions, and components related to cellular organization, cell cycle, control of replication and translation, and mitochondrial functions. This deyolking procedure improves both qualitative and quantitative proteome analyses and provides an innovative tool in molecular embryogenesis of polylecithal animals, such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, or birds.
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39
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Wang Q, He Y, Li J. Conjoint Analysis of SMRT- and Illumina-Based RNA-Sequencing Data of Fenneropenaeus chinensis Provides Insight Into Sex-Biased Expression Genes Involved in Sexual Dimorphism. Front Genet 2019; 10:1175. [PMID: 31803244 PMCID: PMC6872642 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenneropenaeus chinensis (F. chinensis) is one of the most commercially important cultured shrimps in China. The adult F. chinensis exhibit sexual dimorphism in growth and body color. In this research, we profiled the whole transcriptome of F. chinensis by using single molecule real-time-based full-length transcriptome sequencing. We further performed Illumina-based short reads RNA-seq on muscle and gonad of two sexes to detect the sex-biased expression genes. In muscle, we observed significantly more female-biased transcripts. With the differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in muscle, some pathways related to the energy metabolism were enriched, which may be responsible for the difference of growth. We also digged out a pathway named porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. It was speculated to relevant to the difference of body color between the two sexes of shrimp. Interestingly, almost all DETs in these pathways were female-biased expression in muscle, which could explain the phenomenon of better growth performance and darker body color in female. In gonad, several pathways involved in reproduction were enriched. For instance, some female-biased DETs participated in the arachidonic acid metabolism, which was reported crucial in female reproduction. In conclusion, our studies identified abundant sex-biased expression transcripts and important pathways involved in sexual dimorphism by using the RNA-seq method. It provided a basis for future researches on the sexual dimorphism of F. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuying He
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Tombácz D, Moldován N, Balázs Z, Gulyás G, Csabai Z, Boldogkői M, Snyder M, Boldogkői Z. Multiple Long-Read Sequencing Survey of Herpes Simplex Virus Dynamic Transcriptome. Front Genet 2019; 10:834. [PMID: 31608102 PMCID: PMC6769088 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-read sequencing (LRS) has become increasingly important in RNA research due to its strength in resolving complex transcriptomic architectures. In this regard, currently two LRS platforms have demonstrated adequate performance: the Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and the nanopore sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Even though these techniques produce lower coverage and are more error prone than short-read sequencing, they continue to be more successful in identifying polycistronic RNAs, transcript isoforms including splice and transcript end variants, as well as transcript overlaps. Recent reports have successfully applied LRS for the investigation of the transcriptome of viruses belonging to various families. These studies have substantially increased the number of previously known viral RNA molecules. In this work, we used the Sequel and MinION technique from PacBio and ONT, respectively, to characterize the lytic transcriptome of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In most samples, we analyzed the poly(A) fraction of the transcriptome, but we also performed random oligonucleotide-based sequencing. Besides cDNA sequencing, we also carried out native RNA sequencing. Our investigations identified more than 2,300 previously undetected transcripts, including coding, and non-coding RNAs, multi-splice transcripts, as well as polycistronic and complex transcripts. Furthermore, we found previously unsubstantiated transcriptional start sites, polyadenylation sites, and splice sites. A large number of novel transcriptional overlaps were also detected. Random-primed sequencing revealed that each convergent gene pair produces non-polyadenylated read-through RNAs overlapping the partner genes. Furthermore, we identified novel replication-associated transcripts overlapping the HSV-1 replication origins, and novel LAT variants with very long 5' regions, which are co-terminal with the LAT-0.7kb transcript. Overall, our results demonstrated that the HSV-1 transcripts form an extremely complex pattern of overlaps, and that entire viral genome is transcriptionally active. In most viral genes, if not in all, both DNA strands are expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Tombácz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Moldován
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Balázs
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gulyás
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csabai
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zsolt Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Fischer P, Chen H, Pacho F, Rieder D, Kimmel RA, Meyer D. FoxH1 represses miR-430 during early embryonic development of zebrafish via non-canonical regulation. BMC Biol 2019; 17:61. [PMID: 31362746 PMCID: PMC6664792 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FoxH1 is a forkhead transcription factor with conserved key functions in vertebrate mesoderm induction and left-right patterning downstream of the TGF-beta/Nodal signaling pathway. Binding of the forkhead domain (FHD) of FoxH1 to a highly conserved proximal sequence motif was shown to regulate target gene expression. Results We identify the conserved microRNA-430 family (miR-430) as a novel target of FoxH1. miR-430 levels are increased in foxH1 mutants, resulting in a reduced expression of transcripts that are targeted by miR-430 for degradation. To determine the underlying mechanism of miR-430 repression, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation studies and overexpression experiments with mutant as well as constitutive active and repressive forms of FoxH1. Our studies reveal a molecular interaction of FoxH1 with miR-430 loci independent of the FHD. Furthermore, we show that previously described mutant forms of FoxH1 that disrupt DNA binding or that lack the C-terminal Smad Interaction Domain (SID) dominantly interfere with miR-430 repression, but not with the regulation of previously described FoxH1 targets. Conclusions We were able to identify the distinct roles of protein domains of FoxH1 in the regulation process of miR-430. We provide evidence that the indirect repression of miR-430 loci depends on the connection to a distal repressive chromosome environment via a non-canonical mode. The widespread distribution of such non-canonical binding sites of FoxH1, found not only in our study, argues against a function restricted to regulating miR-430 and for a more global role of FoxH1 in chromatin folding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0683-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frederic Pacho
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Rieder
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robin A Kimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Gentsch GE, Owens NDL, Smith JC. The Spatiotemporal Control of Zygotic Genome Activation. iScience 2019; 16:485-498. [PMID: 31229896 PMCID: PMC6593175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest and most significant events in embryonic development is zygotic genome activation (ZGA). In several species, bulk transcription begins at the midblastula transition (MBT) when, after a certain number of cleavages, the embryo attains a particular nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio, maternal repressors become sufficiently diluted, and the cell cycle slows down. Here we resolve the frog ZGA in time and space by profiling RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) engagement and its transcriptional readout. We detect a gradual increase in both the quantity and the length of RNAPII elongation before the MBT, revealing that >1,000 zygotic genes disregard the N/C timer for their activation and that the sizes of newly transcribed genes are not necessarily constrained by cell cycle duration. We also find that Wnt, Nodal, and BMP signaling together generate most of the spatiotemporal dynamics of regional ZGA, directing the formation of orthogonal body axes and proportionate germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Gentsch
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Nick D L Owens
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Pasteur Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - James C Smith
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing and the Discovery of New Transcripts in the Unfertilized Eggs of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:1831-1838. [PMID: 30872328 PMCID: PMC6553537 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding early gene expression in zebrafish embryos is a prerequisite for developmental biology research. In this study, 1,629,447 polymerase reads were obtained from the unfertilized eggs of zebrafish via full-length transcriptome sequencing using the PacBio RS II platform first. Then, 102,920 unique isoforms were obtained by correction, clustering and comparison with the zebrafish genome. 12,782 genes in the genome were captured, accounting for 39.71% of the all annotated genes. Approximately 62.27% of the 12,782 genes have been alternatively spliced. GO and KEGG annotations revealed that the unfertilized eggs primarily stored genes that participate in RNA processing and nuclear protein complex composition. According to this PacBio data that aligned with the genome, 3,970 fusion genes, 819 ncRNAs, and 84 new transcripts were predicted. Illumina RNA-seq and RT-qPCR detection found that the expression of two new transcripts, PB.5289.1 and PB.10209.1, were significantly up-regulated at the 2-cell stage and down-regulated rapidly thereafter, suggesting their involvement in minor ZGA during early embryonic development. This study indicated that the unfertilized eggs of zebrafish may have retained genes directly related to cell division and development to initiate the subsequent development in a limited space and time. On the other hand, NTRs or new transcriptome regions in the genome were discovered, which provided new clues regarding ZGA of MZT during early embryonic development in fish.
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Divergence, evolution and adaptation in ray-finned fish genomes. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1003-1018. [PMID: 31098893 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics, over 50 ray-finned fish genomes by far have been sequenced with high quality. The genomic work provides abundant genetic resources for deep understanding of divergence, evolution and adaptation in the fish genomes. They are also instructive for identification of candidate genes for functional verification, molecular breeding, and development of novel marine drugs. As an example of other omics data, the Fish-T1K project generated a big database of fish transcriptomes to integrate with these published fish genomes for potential applications. In this review, we highlight the above-mentioned recent investigations and core topics on the ray-finned fish genome research, with a main goal to obtain a deeper understanding of fish biology for theoretical and practical applications.
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Fu B, Yu X, Tong J, Pang M, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Tao W. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of hypothalamus-pituitary-liver axis in bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) with differential growth rate. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:328. [PMID: 31039751 PMCID: PMC6492341 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growth rate is one of the most important features for aquaculture species and deciphering its regulation mechanism has great significance both in genetics and in economics. Hypothalamus-pituitary growth axis (HP growth axis) or neuro-endocrine axis plays a vital role in growth regulation in different aquaculture animals. Results In this study, the HP and liver transcriptomes of two female groups (H and L) with phenotypically extreme growth rate were sequenced using RNA-Seq. A total of 30,524 and 22,341 genes were found expressed in the two tissues, respectively. The average expression levels for the two tissues were almost the same, but the median differed significantly. A differential expression analysis between H and L groups identified 173 and 204 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HP and liver tissue, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed that DEGs in HP tissue were enriched in regulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis while in liver tissue these genes were overrepresented in sterol biosynthesis and transportation. Genomic overlapping analyses found that 4 and 5 DEGs were within growth-related QTL in HP and liver tissue respectively. A deeper analysis of these 9 genes revealed 3 genes were functionally linked to the trait of interest. The expression of 2075 lncRNAs in HP tissue and 1490 in liver tissue were also detected, and some of lncRNAs were highly expressed in the two tissues. Conclusions Above all, the results of the present study greatly contributed to the knowledge of the regulation of growth and then assisted the design of new selection strategies for bighead carp with improved growth-related traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5691-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beide Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innnovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innnovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innnovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meixia Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innnovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innnovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innnovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Asante J, Osei Sekyere J. Understanding antimicrobial discovery and resistance from a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic perspective: advances and applications. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:62-86. [PMID: 30637962 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our inability to cultivate most microorganisms, specifically bacteria, in the laboratory has for many years restricted our view and understanding of the bacterial meta-resistome in all living and nonliving environments. As a result, reservoirs, sources and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGS) and antibiotic-producers, as well as the effects of human activity and antibiotics on the selection and dissemination of ARGs were not well comprehended. With the advances made in the fields of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, many of the hitherto little-understood concepts are becoming clearer. Further, the discovery of antibiotics such as lugdinin and lactocillin from the human microbiota, buttressed the importance of these new fields. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics are becoming important clinical diagnostic tools for screening and detecting pathogens and ARGs, assessing the effects of antibiotics, other xenobiotics and human activity on the environment, characterizing the microbiome and the environmental resistome with lesser turnaround time and decreasing cost, as well as discovering antibiotic-producers. However, challenges with accurate binning, skewed ARGs databases, detection of less abundant and allelic variants of ARGs and efficient mobilome characterization remain. Ongoing efforts in long-read, phased- and single-cell sequencing, strain-resolved binning, chromosomal-conformation capture, DNA-methylation binning and deep-learning bioinformatic approaches offer promising prospects in reconstructing complete strain-level genomes and mobilomes from metagenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Asante
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Wai H, Douglas AGL, Baralle D. RNA splicing analysis in genomic medicine. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 108:61-71. [PMID: 30594648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies have led to a rapid increase in the number of sequence variants identified in clinical practice via diagnostic genetic tests. Current bioinformatic analysis pipelines fail to take adequate account of the possible splicing effects of such variants, particularly where variants fall outwith canonical splice site sequences, and consequently the pathogenicity of such variants may often be missed. The regulation of splicing is highly complex and as a result, in silico prediction tools lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity for reliable use. Variants of all kinds can be linked to aberrant splicing in disease and the need for correct identification and diagnosis grows ever more crucial as novel splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide therapies start to enter clinical usage. RT-PCR provides a useful targeted assay of the splicing effects of identified variants, while minigene assays, massive parallel reporter assays and animal models can also be used for more detailed study of a particular splicing system, given enough time and resources. However, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has the potential to be used as a rapid diagnostic tool in genomic medicine. By utilising data science approaches and machine learning, it may prove possible to finally understand and interpret the 'splicing code' and apply this knowledge in human disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo Wai
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew G L Douglas
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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