1
|
Chomean S, Wangmaung N, Sritongkham P, Promptmas C, Mas-oodi S, Tanyong D, Ittarat W. Molecular diagnosis of α-thalassemias by the colorimetric nanogold. Analyst 2014; 139:813-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01606d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
2
|
Liu W, Yue Y, Lin Y, Liu Z, Jin S, Xu Y, Zheng Y. Yak DGAT1 gene: Cloning, tissue expression profile, splicing and polymorphism analysis. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
3
|
Liu YX, Zhou X, Li DQ, Cui QW, Wang GL. Association of ATP1A1 gene polymorphism with heat tolerance traits in dairy cattle. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:891-6. [PMID: 20467982 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-2gmr769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress produces oxidative stress and affects the alternation of plasma K(+) and Na(+). Since Na(+),K(+)-ATPase is sensitive to oxidative stress and critical for maintaining the homeostasis of these two ions, we examined the genetic polymorphism of the ATP1A1 gene in 160 Holstein cows using polymerase chain reaction low ionic strength single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing methods. G to A at position -14103 in exon 14 and C to T at position -14242 in intron 14 of the bovine ATP1A1 gene were identified, but the former single nucleotide polymorphism was silent with respect to the amino acid sequence of the protein. However, we found significant correlations between ATP1A1 gene polymorphism and the coefficient of heat tolerance (P<0.01) and with respiratory rate (P<0.01). Genotype AC was the most favorable genotype for heat tolerance. This polymorphism site has potential as a genetic marker for heat tolerance traits in dairy cattle breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y X Liu
- Institute of Cattle Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Romphruk AV, Romphruk A, Kongmaroeng C, Klumkrathok K, Paupairoj C, Leelayuwat C. HLA class I and II alleles and haplotypes in ethnic Northeast Thais. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 75:701-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Yu XH, Zhao TQ, Wang L, Liu ZP, Zhang CM, Chen R, Li L, Liu G, Hu WC. A novel substitution at the translation initiator codon (ATG→ATC) of the lipoprotein lipase gene is mainly responsible for lipoprotein lipase deficiency in a patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:82-7. [PMID: 16431216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis was found to have significantly decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and normal apolipoprotein C-II concentration in post-heparin plasma. DNA analysis of the LPL gene revealed two mutations, one of which was a novel homozygous G-->C substitution, resulting in the conversion of a translation initiation codon methionine to isoleucine (LPL-1). The second was the previously reported heterozygous substitution of glutamic acid at residue 242 with lysine (LPL-242). In vitro expression of both mutations separately or in combination demonstrated that LPL-1 had approximately 3% protein mass and 2% activity, whereas LPL-242 had undetectable activity but normal mass. The combined mutation LPL-1-242 exhibited similar changes as for LPL-1, with markedly reduced mass, and for LPL-242, with undetectable activity. These results suggest that the homozygous initiator codon mutation rather than the heterozygous LPL-242 alteration was mainly responsible for the patient phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hui Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ishii M, Hasegawa G, Fukui M, Obayashi H, Ohta M, Ogata M, Yoshioka K, Kitagawa Y, Nakano K, Yoshikawa T, Nakamura N. Clinical and genetic characteristics of diabetic patients with high-titer (>10,000 U/ml) of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase. Immunol Lett 2005; 99:180-5. [PMID: 16009268 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the clinical aspects and genetic background of 13 diabetic patients with high-titers (>10,000 U/ml) of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (Group A) and compared these 28 middle-aged (35-51 years, Group B) and 13 elderly (66-79 years, Group C) patients with anti-GAD(+) (<1100 U/ml) who were diagnosed initially as having type 2 diabetes. The mean age and mean age at onset of Group A were 70.8 +/- 3.9 years (range, 64-78) and 50.4 +/- 5.4 years (range, 43-61), respectively. In Group A, the prevalence of insulin-deficient patients was significantly lower (30.8%, 4 of 13) than in Group C (96.3%, 27 of 28, P < 0.001). Patients in Group A had a significantly longer interval between the clinical onset of diabetes to initiation insulin therapy (21.8 +/- 2.3 years) compared to patients in both Group B (1.8+/-1.1 years, P < 0.001) and Group C (14.8 +/- 7.1 years, P = 0.049). The frequency of DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401/DRB1*1502-DQB1*0601 or DRB*1501-DQB*0602 heterozygous genotypes in Group A (53.8%, 7 of 13) was significantly higher than in both Group B (3.6%, 1 of 28, P < 0.01) and Group C (7.7%, 1 of 13, P < 0.05). Compared with Group B, Group A had an increased frequency of the TNFA-U01 haplotype and the IL-10 -592 C allele (TNFA-U01; 53.8% versus 30.4%, P = 0.05 and IL-10 -592 C; 57.7% versus 33.9 %, P = 0.042). All sera from Group A reacted with GAD(65) protein on Western blots. We conclude that adult-onset diabetic patients with a high-titer of anti-GDAab differ from patients with latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adult (LADA) with respect to beta-cell function, cellular autoimmunity and genetic background. Our study also showed that high-titers of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GADab) were not predictive of later development of insulin deficiency in adult and/or elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, our results suggest that HLA-DRB1*1502-DQB1*0601 or DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602/DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401 heterozygous genotypes may be associated with high production of anti-GADab that recognizes the linear epitope(s) on the GAD(65) protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Ishii
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kirst M, Myburg AA, De León JPG, Kirst ME, Scott J, Sederoff R. Coordinated genetic regulation of growth and lignin revealed by quantitative trait locus analysis of cDNA microarray data in an interspecific backcross of eucalyptus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 135:2368-78. [PMID: 15299141 PMCID: PMC520804 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.037960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Revised: 04/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic, genotypic, and transcript level (microarray) data from an interspecific backcross population of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus globulus were integrated to dissect the genetic and metabolic network underlying growth variation. Transcript abundance, measured for 2,608 genes in the differentiating xylem of a 91 (E. grandis x E. globulus) x E. grandis backcross progeny was correlated with diameter variation, revealing coordinated down-regulation of genes encoding enzymes of the lignin biosynthesis and associated methylation pathways in fast growing individuals. Lignin analysis of wood samples confirmed the content and quality predicted by the transcript levels measured on the microarrays. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of transcript levels of lignin-related genes showed that their mRNA abundance is regulated by two genetic loci, demonstrating coordinated genetic control over lignin biosynthesis. These two loci colocalize with QTLs for growth, suggesting that the same genomic regions are regulating growth, and lignin content and composition in the progeny. Genetic mapping of the lignin genes revealed that most of the key biosynthetic genes do not colocalize with growth and transcript level QTLs, with the exception of the locus encoding the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine synthase. This study illustrates the power of integrating quantitative analysis of gene expression data and genetic map information to discover genetic and metabolic networks regulating complex biological traits. (Sequence data for this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank data libraries under accession numbers CB 967505 to CB 968059; CD 667988 to CD 670002; CD 670004; CD 670097; CD 670101 to CD 670112; and CD 670114 to CD 670137.)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Kirst
- Forest Biotechnology Group, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abba MC, Golijow CD. Herpes simplex virus genotyping: multiple optional PCR-based RFLP systems and a non-isotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism method. J Virol Methods 2004; 118:73-6. [PMID: 15158071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for herpes simplex virus (HSV) types I/II genotyping are described. These methods are based on the single-stranded conformation properties of DNA molecules obtained by PCR (PCR-SSCP) and restriction fragment analysis of PCR products (PCR-RFLP). With the aim to analyse these two genotyping techniques, genomic DNA from the standard viral strains KOS and G, and also 79 normal cervical samples were studied for HSV I/II. Sequence analysis showed 19 different RFLP possible systems for HSV typing. Five systems were used in this study and all led to the expected fragments obtained by sequence analysis. PCR-SSCP showed distinct patterns for both viral types and had 100% of concordance with PCR-RFLP results. The prevalence of herpes simplex virus in the normal cervical samples were 21.5% (17 out of 79), the most frequent viral type was HSV-2, with a prevalence of 71% (12 out of 17). Both techniques appeared suitable for HSV I/II genotyping and are easy to perform in most clinical laboratories.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cervix Uteri/virology
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Female
- Genotype
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/classification
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/classification
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Virology/methods
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martín C Abba
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 s/n, B1900AVW, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jorge SB, Melo MB, Costa FF, Sonati MF. Screening for mutations in human alpha-globin genes by nonradioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:1471-4. [PMID: 14576901 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003001100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Point mutations and small insertions or deletions in the human alpha-globin genes may produce alpha-chain structural variants and alpha-thalassemia. Mutations can be detected either by direct DNA sequencing or by screening methods, which select the mutated exon for sequencing. Although small (about 1 kb, 3 exons and 2 introns), the alpha-globin genes are duplicate (alpha2 and alpha1) and highly G-C rich, which makes them difficult to denature, reducing sequencing efficiency and causing frequent artifacts. We modified some conditions for PCR and electrophoresis in order to detect mutations in these genes employing nonradioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Primers previously described by other authors for radioactive SSCP and phast-SSCP plus denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were here combined and the resultant fragments (6 new besides 6 original per alpha-gene) submitted to silver staining SSCP. Nine structural and one thalassemic mutations were tested, under different conditions including two electrophoretic apparatus (PhastSystem and GenePhor, Amersham Biosciences), different polyacrylamide gel concentrations, run temperatures and denaturing agents, and entire and restriction enzyme cut fragments. One hundred percent of sensitivity was achieved with four of the new fragments formed, using the PhastSystem and 20% gels at 15 degree C, without the need of restriction enzymes. This nonradioactive PCR-SSCP approach showed to be simple, rapid and sensitive, reducing the costs involved in frequent sequencing repetitions and increasing the reliability of the results. It can be especially useful for laboratories which do not have an automated sequencer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Jorge
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kanagawa S, Morinobu A, Koshiba M, Kageyama G, Hayashi N, Yoshino S, Tokano Y, Hashimoto H, Kumagai S. Association of the TAP2*Bky2 allele with presence of SS-A/Ro and other autoantibodies in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2003; 12:258-65. [PMID: 12729048 DOI: 10.1191/0961203303lu344oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a new allele of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) 2 gene, TAP2*Bky2 (Val577), was significantly increased in Japanese patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and had a strong association with SS-A/Ro antibody production. In the present study, it was investigated whether the association of TAP2*Bky2 with SS-A/Ro antibody production was also found in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Polymorphisms of the TAP1 and TAP2 genes were determined in 114 Japanese SLE patients by the polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method. The allele frequencies of the TAP1 and TAP2 genes in SLE patients were not significantly different from those in controls, although the allele frequency of TAP2*Bky2 was slightly higher in SLE patients than in healthy control subjects (9.2% vs 5.5%, P = 0.126). The allele frequency of TAP2*Bky2 was significantly higher in SLE patients with oral ulcers than in those without. It was noteworthy that TAP2*Bky2 was significantly associated with the appearance of not only SS-A/Ro antibody but also SS-B/La, nRNP, and Sm antibodies in the patients. The association of TAP2*Bky2 was found with the antibody production to both 60 and 52kDa SS-A/Ro antigens. As TAP2*Bky2 had a strong linkage disequilibrium with DRB1*08032, TAP2*Bky2 or its haplotype with DRB1*08032 may be involved in SS-A/Ro antibody production not only in SS but also SLE patients, indicating that TAP2*Bky2 may be a susceptible gene not only to the disease of SS but also to the SS-A/Ro autoantibody production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kanagawa
- Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Romphruk A, Phongaen K, Chotechai J, Puapairoj C, Leelayuwat C, Romphruk AV. HLA-B*15 subtypes in the population of north-eastern Thailand. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 2003; 30:153-8. [PMID: 12648285 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.2003.00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The HLA-B*15 group is the most polymorphic HLA-B allele and so has several subtypes. These subtypes have not been defined in the population of north-eastern Thailand (NET). In a previous study, using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), subtypes were categorized into four groups, namely: group I: HLA-B*15 (01, 04-07, 12, 14, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26N, 27, 32, 33, 34 and 35); group II: HLA-B*15 (02, 08, 11, 15, 28 and 30); group III: HLA-B*1503/4802; group IV: HLA-B*1521. Groups I and II occurred frequently (allele frequency = 8.0 and 2.5%), and thus we optimized the polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method to identify HLA-B*15 subtypes of groups I and II. Eighty samples of DNA carrying HLA-B*15 from 300 healthy unrelated individuals were tested. B*1502 (52.5%) and B*1525 (13.8%) were the most common subtypes found in NET. They also showed strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-Cw and heterogeneity of HLA-A, DR, DQ haplotypes. Although limited conclusions can be drawn from this study because of the small number of DNA references used, the baseline data will be useful in the selection of common HLA-B*15 alleles when subtyping for unrelated donor transplantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Romphruk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mirol PM, Peral García P, Vega-Pla JL, Dulout FN. Phylogenetic relationships of Argentinean Creole horses and other South American and Spanish breeds inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Anim Genet 2002; 33:356-63. [PMID: 12354144 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
South American horses constitute a direct remnant of the Iberian horses brought to the New World by the Spanish conquerors. The source of the original horses was Spain, and it is generally assumed that the animals belonged to the Andalusian, Spanish Celtic, Barb or Arabian breeds. In order to establish the relationship between Argentinean and Spanish horses, a portion of the mitochondrial D-loop of 104 animals belonging to nine South American and Spanish breeds was analysed using SSCP and DNA sequencing. The variability found both within and between breeds was very high. There were 61 polymorphic positions, representing 16% of the total sequence obtained. The mean divergence between a pair of sequences was 2.8%. Argentinean Creole horses shared two haplotypes with the Peruvian Paso from Argentina, and the commonest haplotype of the Creole horses is identical to one of the Andalusian horses. Even when there was substantial subdivision between breeds with highly significant Wright's Fixation Index (FST), the parsimony and distance-based phylogenetic analyses failed to show monophyletic groups and there was no clear relationship in the trees between the South American and any of the other horses analysed. Although this result could be interpreted as mixed ancestry of the South American breeds with respect to the Spanish breeds, it is probably indicating the retention of very ancient maternal lineages in the breeds analysed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Mirol
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Song EY, Park MH, Kang SJ, Park HJ, Kim BC, Tokunaga K, Akaza T, Juji T. HLA class II allele and haplotype frequencies in Koreans based on 107 families. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2002; 59:475-86. [PMID: 12445317 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.590604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the distribution of HLA class II alleles and haplotypes in 107 Korean families (207 parents and 291 children) for the HLA-DRB1, DRB3/B4/B5, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1 loci. Numbers of alleles observed for each locus were DRB1: 25, DQA1: 14, DQB1: 15, and DPB1: 13. Only two to three alleles were observed for the DRB3 (*0101, *0202, *0301), DRB4 (*0103, * 0103102 N), and DRB5 (*0101, *0102) loci. These alleles showed strong associations with DRB1 alleles: DRB3*0101 with DRB1*1201, *1301 and *1403; DRB3*0301 with DRB1*1202 and *1302; DRB3*0202 with DRB1*0301, *1101, *1401 and *1405; DRB5*0101 and *0102 were exclusively associated with DRB1*1501 and *1502, respectively. The seven most common DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes of frequencies > 0.06 accounted for 52% of the total haplotypes. These haplotypes were exclusively related with the seven most common DRB1-DRB3/B4/B5-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes: DRB1*1501-DRB5*0101-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 (0.085), DRB1*0405-DRB4*0103-DQA1*0303-DQB1*0401 (0.082), DRB1*09012-DRB4*0103-DQA1*0302-DQB1*03032 (0.082), DRB1*0101-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0501 (0.075), DRB1*0701-DRB4*0103-DQA1*0201-DQB1*0202 (0.065), DRB1*0803-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0601 (0.065), and DRB1*1302-DRB3*0301-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0604 (0.065). When these haplotypes were extended to the DPB1 locus, much diversification of haplotypes was observed and only one haplotype remained with a frequency of > 0.06: DRB1*0405-DRB4*0103-DQA1*0303-DQB1*0401-DPB1*0501 (0.062). Such diversification would have resulted from cumulated events of recombination within the HLA class II region, and the actual recombination rate observed between the HLA-DQB1 and DPB1 loci was 2.3% (10/438 informative meioses, including 2 recombinants informative by analysis of TAP genes). Comparison of the distribution of DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes with other populations revealed that Koreans are closest to Japanese people. However, Koreans share a few haplotypes with white people and Africans, which are rare in Japanese: DRB1*0701-DQB1*0202 and DRB1*1302-DQB1*0609. The results obtained in this study will provide useful information for anthropology, organ transplantation and disease association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Y Song
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tegoshi H, Hasegawa G, Obayashi H, Nakano K, Kitagawa Y, Fukui M, Matsuo S, Deguchi M, Ohta M, Nishimura M, Nakamura N, Yoshikawa T. Polymorphisms of interferon-gamma gene CA-repeat and interleukin-10 promoter region (-592A/C) in Japanese type I diabetes. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:121-8. [PMID: 11821159 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association of the polymorphisms of interferon-gamma gene (IFNG) CA-repeat and IL-10-592A/C with clinical heterogeneity of type I diabetes as well as susceptibility to type I diabetes. Two hundred seven Japanese type I diabetic patients and 160 healthy control subjects were studied in this case-control study. No significant differences of global IFNG allele frequencies were found between controls and type I diabetic patients, and between each subgroup of the patients and controls. When compared with controls, the a12 allele was increased in the patients with age at onset <25 years (p 0.0241, p(c) = 0.1205), and a significant increased frequency of the a12 positive genotype was observed in the patients with age at onset <25 years (p(c) = 0.0121). There were no differences of IL-10-592 genotype and allele frequencies between controls and type I diabetes. However, the frequency of the -592*C allele was significantly increased in the patients with highly positive-GADab compared with controls (p(c) = 0.0060) or compared with the GADab-negative type I patients (p(c) = 0.0276). These results suggest that the IFNG CA-repeat and the IL-10-592A/C polymorphisms are not strong determinants of susceptibility to the development of type I diabetes in Japanese individuals. However, both the IFNG CA-repeat and the IL-10-592A/C polymorphisms are associated with clinical heterogeneity in type I diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Tegoshi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mirol PM, Peral García P, Dulout F. Mitochondrial variability in the D-loop of four equine breeds shown by PCR-SSCP analysis. Genet Mol Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572002000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
|
16
|
Abstract
In the present study we used a simple and reliable method for HLA-DQA1 allele typing based on the single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) properties of DNA molecules obtained by PCR. The technique consists of PCR amplification of a DNA fragment comprising the second exon of the HLA-DQA1 gene, amplicon denaturation using a low ionic strength solution (LIS), and electrophoresis on a small native polyacrylamide gel, followed by a rapid silver staining procedure. In order to validate the technique and to obtain the allele patterns for the DQA1 gene, 50 cervical samples were typed using this methodology and the commercial Amplitype HLA DQA1 Amplification and Typing kit. All the alleles detected with the kit were characterized by the LIS-SSCP approach. This procedure proved to be useful for population screening and typing of the DQA1 gene as well as for detecting new alleles or mutations in the donor-recipient molecular matching of HLA class II genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
van der Walt JM, Nel LH, Hoelzel AR. Characterization of major histocompatibility complex DRB diversity in the endemic South African antelope Damaliscus pygargus: a comparison in two subspecies with different demographic histories. Mol Ecol 2001; 10:1679-88. [PMID: 11472536 DOI: 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II locus DRB was investigated by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and sequence analysis in the endemic South African antelope, Damaliscus pygargus, of which there are two subspecies. Greater polymorphism was found in the blesbok (D. p. phillipsi) subspecies (n = 44; 22 alleles) than in the bontebok (D. p. pygargus) subspecies (n = 45; 6 alleles). Erosion of allelic diversity in bontebok was most likely the result of two severe bottleneck events caused by hunting pressure and parasitic infection. A majority of the polymorphism observed was found within the peptide binding region (PBR) where dN/dS ratios were higher than for the non-PBR region. This, and the apparent trans-species relationship among alleles in a bovid phylogeny, suggest the evolution of diversity by heterosis or frequency-dependent selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M van der Walt
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa 0002.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bitenc D, Marc J. Optimization of single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis for screening for the estrogen receptor-alpha gene polymorphism P325P. Clin Chem Lab Med 2001; 39:612-4. [PMID: 11522106 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2001.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since there are no theoretical models for single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, conditions for detecting specific mutation must be found experimentally. Previously, a time-consuming (22 hours) SSCP method was used for the detection of polymorphism in codon 325 (CCC to CCG; P325P) in exon 4 of estrogen receptor-alpha gene. The aim of our work was to study different gel loading buffers, additives to polyacrylamide gel, voltages, running times and temperatures of electrophoresis, in order to develop a better and faster SSCP analysis for screening of P325P polymorphism. Our results show that a low ionic strength gel loading buffer and 10% addition of glycerol to the 8% polyacrylamide gel (37:1) are essential for the good separation of mutated and wild-type single stranded conformers of exon 4. The most suitable conditions for electrophoresis were 300 V, 5 h and 22 degrees C. We concluded that a much faster SSCP analysis for sreening of P325P polymorphism of estrogen receptor-alpha gene was developed. Although our final result could be applied only to the detection of the described genetic polymorphism, we hope that the results of our study will be helpful to analysts using SSCP analysis in their mutation screening programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bitenc
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang J, Freedman DO, Allen S, Karita E, Musonda R, Braga C, Margolick J, Kaslow RA. TAPI polymorphisms in several human ethnic groups: characteristics, evolution, and genotyping strategies. Hum Immunol 2001; 62:256-68. [PMID: 11250043 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the locus encoding the transporter associated with antigen processing, subunit 1 (TAP1), were systematically studied using samples from Caucasians, Africans, Brazilians, and compared with data from chimpanzees. PCR-amplified genomic sequences corresponding to the 11 exons were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. Six nonsynonymous and 2 synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be common in one ethnic group or another, and they involved codons 254 (Gly-GGC/Gly-GGT) in exon 3, 333 (Ile-ATC/Val-GTC) in exon 4, 370 (Ala-GCT/Val-GTT) in exon 5, 458 (Val-GTG/Leu-TTG) in exon 6, 518 (Val-GTC/Ile-ATC) in exon 7, 637 (Asp-GAC/Gly-GGC), 648 (Arg-CGA/Gln-CAA) and 661 (Pro-CCG/Pro-CCA) in exon 10. At each SNP site the sequence listed first was predominant in all ethnic groups. Several SNPs segregated on the same chromosome regardless of populations and species. Together, the SNPs produced 5 major human TAP1 alleles, 4 of which matched the officially recognized alleles *0101, *02011, *0301, and *0401; the 5th allele differed from each of those by at least 4 SNPs. Overall, TAP1*0101 was the predominant allele in all ethnic groups, with frequencies ranging from 0.667 in Zambians to 0.808 in US Caucasians. The TAP1*0401 frequency showed the greatest difference between Africans (0.221-0.254) and Caucasians (0.033), with Brazilians (0.058) fitting in the middle. Consistent with earlier work based on Caucasians and gorillas, *0101 appeared to be the newest human TAP1 allele, suggesting a dramatic spread of *0101 into all human populations examined. Characterization of TAP1 polymorphisms allowed the design of a PCR-based genotyping scheme that targeted 7 SNP sites and required 2 separate genotyping techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tang
- Division of Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0022, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Palmer BR, Su HY, Roberts N, Hickford JG, Bickerstaffe R. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in an intron of the ovine calpastatin gene. Anim Biotechnol 2001; 11:63-7. [PMID: 10885813 DOI: 10.1080/10495390009525948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Calpastatin is the specific inhibitor of the ubiquitous calcium-dependent proteases mu-calpain and m-calpain. Enzyme assay data from sheep and cattle inversely correlates post-mortem muscle calpastatin levels with ultimate meat tenderness. Genetic markers of meat quality may therefore be found linked to the calpastatin gene (CAST). A three-allele system detected by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) has been observed in the ovine CAST. The three allele amplimers have been fully nucleotide sequenced and their differences in terms of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the intron region of the amplimer are reported and compared to a consensus sequence of the orthologous region of the cattle CAST. A PCR-RFLP for more rapid CAST genotyping of all three ovine alleles was also developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Palmer
- Animal and Food Sciences Division, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Obayashi H, Hasegawa G, Fukui M, Kamiuchi K, Kitamura A, Ogata M, Kanaitsuka T, Shigeta H, Kitagawa Y, Nakano K, Nishimura M, Ohta M, Nakamura N. Tumor necrosis factor microsatellite polymorphism influences the development of insulin dependency in adult-onset diabetes patients with the DRB1*1502-DQB1*0601 allele and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:3348-51. [PMID: 10999832 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.9.6842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor microsatellite polymorphism (TNFalpha) contributes to the susceptibility of type 1 diabetes. This study investigates the influence of TNFalpha on the predisposition to insulin dependency in adult-onset diabetic patients with type 1 diabetes-protective human leukocyte antigen haplotypes. The TNFalpha of three groups of DRB1*1502DQB1*0601-positive diabetic patients who had initially been nonketotic and noninsulin dependent for more than 1 yr was analyzed. Group A included 11 antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADab)-positive patients who developed insulin dependency within 4 yr of diabetes onset. Group B included 11 GADab-positive patients who remained noninsulin dependent for more than 12 yr. Group C included 12 GADab-negative type 2 diabetes, and a control group included 18 nondiabetic subjects. In the group C and control subjects, DRB1*1502-DQB1*0601 was strongly associated with the TNFalpha13 allele. DRB1*1502-DQB1*0601 was strongly associated with the TNFalpha12 allele among the group A patients, but not among the group B patients. Interestingly, sera from all patients with non-TNFalpha12 and non-TNFalpha13 in group B reacted with GAD65 protein by Western blot. These results suggest that TNFalpha is associated with a predisposition to progression to insulin dependency in GADab/DRB1*1502DQB1*0601-positive diabetic patients initially diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and that determination of these patients' TNFalpha genotype may allow for better prediction of their clinical course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Obayashi
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wickham CL, Lynas C, Ellard S. Detection of clonal T cell populations by high resolution PCR using fluorescently labelled nucleotides; evaluation using conventional LIS-SSCP. Mol Pathol 2000; 53:150-4. [PMID: 10897335 PMCID: PMC1186922 DOI: 10.1136/mp.53.3.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To detect clonal T cell populations by high resolution polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using fluorescently labelled nucleotides and analysis on an ABI 377 DNA sequencer, and to evaluate this method using low ionic strength single strand conformation polymorphism (LIS-SSCP) analysis. METHODS DNA samples from 11 patients diagnosed with a T cell disease and 15 with no known T cell disorder were amplified using four multiplex T cell receptor gamma (TCR gamma) PCR reactions containing fluorescently labelled nucleotides. PCR products were analysed using both LIS-SSCP electrophoresis and an ABI 377 DNA sequencer using Genescan software. A Jurkat T cell leukaemia cell line was used to determine the sensitivity of the two methods. RESULTS Clonal TCR gamma populations were detected in all 11 samples from patients with a T cell disease and no clonal populations were detected in samples from patients without a T cell disorder, using both LIS-SSCP and DNA sequencer analysis. Although the sensitivity of the two methods was comparable, the data generated by the sequencer were easier to interpret than the LIS-SSCP gels, and allowed accurate size determination of every product, which was not possible using LIS-SSCP. CONCLUSIONS The use of fluorescent labelled nucleotides provides a more flexible and economical alternative to end labelled fluorescent primers for the detection of clonal TCR gamma gene rearrangements. This method allows clonal populations to be sized accurately and reproducibly, permitting the detection of identical clonal populations in different samples, and providing a method of monitoring disease progression and response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Wickham
- Department of Haematology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Healthcare Trust, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Park MH, Whang DH, Kang SJ, Han KS. HLA-A*02 allele frequencies and haplotypic associations in Koreans. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2000; 55:250-6. [PMID: 10777100 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the frequencies of HLA-A*02 alleles and their haplotypic associations with HLA-B and -DRB1 loci in 439 healthy unrelated Koreans, including 214 parents from 107 families. All of the 227 samples (51.7%) typed as A2 by serology were analyzed for A*02 alleles using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-low ionic strength-single-strand conformation polymorphism (LIS-SSCP) method. A total of six different A*02 alleles were detected (A*02 allele frequency 29.6%): A*0201/9 (16.6%), *0203 (0.5%), *0206 (9.3%), *0207 (3.0%), and one each case of *0210 and *02 undetermined type. Two characteristic haplotypes showing the strongest linkage disequilibrium were A*0203-B38-DRB]*1502 and A*0207-B46-DRB1*0803. Besides these strong associations, significant two-locus associations (P<0.001) were observed for A*0201 with B61, DRB1*0901 and DRB1*1401, and for A*0206 with B48 and B61. HLA haplotypes carrying HLA-A2 showed a variable distribution of A*02 alleles, and all of the eight most common A2-B-DR haplotypes occurring at frequencies of > or =1% were variably associated with two different A*02 alleles. These results demonstrate that substantial heterogeneity is present in the distribution of HLA-A*02 alleles and related haplotypes in Koreans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Park
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Obayashi H, Nakamura N, Fukui M, Tegoshi H, Fujii M, Ogata M, Hasegawa G, Shigeta H, Kitagawa Y, Nakano K, Kondo M, Fukui I, Maruya E, Saji H, Ohta M, Nishimura M. Influence of TNF microsatellite polymorphisms (TNFa) on age-at-onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hum Immunol 1999; 60:974-8. [PMID: 10566598 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(99)00086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The TNF-alpha gene is located in the HLA region and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We investigated the frequency of TNFa microsatellite alleles in 76 young-onset IDDM patients, 65 adult-onset IDDM patients, and 90 control subjects. We also examined the association of these TNFa alleles with HLA-DRB1 alleles, HLA-class I alleles, and TNF-alpha production. The frequency of the TNFa2 and TNFa9 alleles was increased in the young-onset IDDM patients compared to control subjects, but the increased frequency of TNFa2 was not significant after the correction for the number of comparisons was made. We did not find any association of TNFa2 or TNFa9 with any of the HLA-DRB1 alleles. In contrast, the frequency of the TNFa13 allele was decreased in both the young-onset and the adult-onset IDDM patients compared to the control subjects, but the difference lost significance after the correction was made in the adult-onset IDDM. The TNFa13 allele was strongly associated with DRB1*1502. Patients with TNFa2 or TNFa9 had greater TNF-alpha production, while those positive for TNFa13 had lower TNF-alpha production than patients with non-TNFa2, a9, and a13 alleles. These results suggest that TNFa polymorphisms are associated with age-at-onset of IDDM and influence the inflammatory process of pancreatic beta cell destruction in the development of IDDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Obayashi
- The First Department of Internal Medicine Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
A reliable method for high-resolution HLA-DQB1 typing using a combination of PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis is described. The second exon of the DQB1 gene was subjected to PCR using generic primers and digested with two restriction enzymes, MspA1I and HaeIII, and the DQB1 alleles were divided into seven groups. According to the RFLP patterns, appropriate group specific primers for DQ5, 6 and DQ2, 3, 4 groups were used to selectively amplify the alleles and the SSCP technique was used to distinguish the individual alleles. A total of 88 quality control samples of various ethnic groups distributed in the International Cell Exchange and HLA DNA Exchange programs and the ASHI/CAP Proficiency Tests were investigated by the PCR-RFLP/SSCP method. The concordance between our typing results and the consensus results of the surveys were 100%, and a total of 14 DQB1 alleles in 49 homozygous and heterozygous combinations were all correctly identified by the method described. This method is accurate, economical and relatively easy to interpret and well suited for routine clinical and research uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Park
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes encoding transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) have been associated with heterogeneity of disease progression in HIV-1-infected homosexual men. In our recent AIDS-related studies of cohorts from Rwanda and Zambia, four new polymorphic sites in the TAP2 coding region were detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and confirmed by bi-directional nucleotide sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion. The first, a substitution of Thr (GCC) for Ala (ACC) at codon position 374 in exon 5, was found in about 13% of Rwandans and Zambians (n=213). The remaining 3 new polymorphisms were seen in the 7th exon with changes of 458Thr-ACG to ACA, 466Gly-GGG to GGA, and 467Val-GTT to Ile-ATT, respectively These 3 variants occurred exclusively on the same chromosome and appeared to have arisen together from the 374Thr-bearing allele. Analyses of the relationship between the 374Thr-467Ile segment and the nearby markers in DQB1 and DRB1 suggested the existence of a unique extended haplotype related to these newly identified variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hennessy LK, Teare J, Ko C. PCR Conditions and DNA Denaturants Affect Reproducibility of Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Patterns for BRCA1 Mutations. Clin Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/44.4.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori K Hennessy
- Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech, Inc., 654 Minnesota St., San Francisco, CA 94107. Present address: Chiron Corp., Chiron Diagnostics, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - John Teare
- Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech, Inc., 654 Minnesota St., San Francisco, CA 94107. Present address: Chiron Corp., Chiron Diagnostics, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, CA 94608
- Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech, Inc., 654 Minnesota St., San Francisco, CA 94107. Present address: Chiron Corp., Chiron Diagnostics, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Christopher Ko
- Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech, Inc., 654 Minnesota St., San Francisco, CA 94107. Present address: Chiron Corp., Chiron Diagnostics, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, CA 94608
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jönsson EG, Zhang F, Nimgaonkar VL, Rudert WA, Sedvall GC. Lack of association between schizophrenia and HLA DQB1 alleles in a Swedish sample. Schizophr Res 1998; 29:293-6. [PMID: 9516671 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three studies have reported a negative genetic association between schizophrenia and HLA DQB1*0602, an allele of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*06 gene. In a sample of ethnic all homogeneous Caucasians living in Sweden, the frequency of HLA DQB1 alleles in patients with schizophrenia (n = 124) was compared with that in a control group (n = 85). No significant differences were found. Together with previous investigations, the present study indicates that the reported genetic association of DQB1*0602 with schizophrenia may be limited to non-Caucasians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E G Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lynas C, Howe D. Simple, reliable detection of T cell clones by PCR-LIS-SSCP analysis of TCRgamma rearrangement. Mol Cell Probes 1998; 12:41-8. [PMID: 9584077 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.1997.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clonal populations of T cells can be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the rearranged T cell receptor gamma (TCRG) chain gene. However, because of the limited combinatorial diversity of this locus it is necessary to separate the PCR product on the basis of sequence as well as size to distinguish clonal and polyclonal T cell populations. A simple method is described which achieves this by analysing the PCR product on a single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) gel. Sensitivity has been improved by denaturing the DNA using a low ionic strength (LIS) method rather than the more conventional alkali or formamide. Results from the PCR-LIS-SSCP method on a wide range of disorders and types of tissue samples show that clonality could be demonstrated in 40/44 cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lynas
- Department of Haematology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fukui M, Nakano K, Nakamura N, Maruya E, Saji H, Obayashi H, Ohta K, Ohta M, Mori H, Kajiyama S, Wada S, Kida Y, Kosaka K, Deguchi M, Shigeta H, Kitagawa Y, Kondo M. HLA-DRB1 alleles contribute to determining the prognosis of Japanese diabetes mellitus positive for antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase. J Clin Immunol 1998; 18:89-92. [PMID: 9475358 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023248106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus positive for antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase is heterogeneous as far as the degree of impairment of endogenous insulin release, though antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase are the most useful marker for future insulin deficiency. To investigate what determines the prognosis of diabetes mellitus positive for antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase, we measured HLA-DRB1 alleles in three groups: 77 cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 44 of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with secondary failure of oral hypoglycemic therapy, and 22 of NIDDM well controlled by diet and/or sulfonylurea agents. The proportion of susceptible and resistant alleles to IDDM determined the degree of insulin deficiency, and comparison of IDDM to NIDDM well controlled by diet and/or sulfonylurea agents revealed significant differences in DRB1*0405 (P < 0.05; RR = 2.82 and RR = 0.89, respectively) and DRB1*1502 (P < 0.001; RR = 0.02 and RR = 2.19, respectively). This study revealed that HLA-DRB1 alleles contribute to determining the prognosis of Japanese diabetes mellitus positive for antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fukui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fukui M, Nakano K, Maruya E, Saji H, Ohta K, Ohta M, Obayashi H, Mori H, Kajiyama S, Wada S, Shigeta H, Kitagawa Y, Nakamura N, Kondo M. Diagnostic significance of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in Japanese diabetic patients with secondary oral hypoglycemic agents failure. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1997; 85:182-6. [PMID: 9344701 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1997.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Some non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients are positive for antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD), and they tend to develop insulin deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-GAD in NIDDM with secondary failure of sulfonylurea agents (NIDDM-SF) and to investigate the diagnostic significance of seropositivity for anti-GAD in NIDDM-SF patients by evaluating human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles concurrently. The prevalence of anti-GAD in NIDDM-SF, NIDDM, and new-onset (within 1 year after onset) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was 9.3% (39/420), 3.1% (12/392), and 65.0% (13/20), respectively. Pancreatic beta cell function deteriorated in NIDDM-SF patients positive for anti-GAD. HLA-DRB1 allele typing revealed that NIDDM-SF patients positive for anti-GAD were significantly associated with DRB1*0901 (RR = 2.81, P < 0.01), which is one of the susceptible alleles to IDDM. Shorter interval before development of secondary failure and insulin deficiency were significantly associated with the presence of DRB1*0901 (P < 0.05) in NIDDM-SF patients positive for anti-GAD. In conclusion, nearly 10% of NIDDM-SF patients are positive for anti-GAD, suggesting that an autoimmune mechanism might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM-SF patients. In addition, a combination of serological marker (anti-GAD) and genetic marker (HLA-DRB1) is useful for predicting clinical course of NIDDM patients with secondary failure of sulfonylurea agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fukui
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meldgaard M, Morling N. Detection and quantitative characterization of artificial extra peaks following polymerase chain reaction amplification of 14 short tandem repeat systems used in forensic investigations. Electrophoresis 1997; 18:1928-35. [PMID: 9420146 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150181107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Detection on automated DNA sequencers of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of tetra- and penta-nucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) loci frequently reveals one or more extra peaks along with the true, major allele peak. The most frequent extra peak pattern is a single smaller peak which is one repeat unit shorter than the true allele peak. The existence of such artificial peaks is of special importance when the methods are used for forensic investigations because the artificial extra peaks may simulate true alleles when samples containing mixtures of DNA from different individuals are analyzed. We have investigated the relative levels of formation of extra peaks in 14 STR marker systems. We found that not only the parameters of the PCR but also factors determining the stringency during the post-PCR and pre-electrophoresis handling of samples were of importance for the formation of extra peaks. In our hands, the amounts of extra peaks were reduced (i) if the samples were effectively denatured immediately before loading, (ii) if they contained substantial amounts of formamide (i.e. > or = 50%), and (iii) if the temperature of the electrophoresis gel was above a certain level (i.e. > or = 43 degrees C). The results suggest that extra peaks may in part be due to re-annealing of the PCR product under suboptimal conditions. When efforts had been made to reduce the post-PCR formation of extra peaks, the relative peak areas of the extra peaks ranged from 1% to 17% of those of the true alleles. Similar results were obtained when the PCR products were analyzed under native conditions. Low-copy genome analysis excluded that somatic heterogeneity of the STR regions caused the extra peaks. The systems HumVWA31A, HumFibra/FGA, and D21S11 were especially affected by low-stringency conditions, while Hum-TH01, HumCD4, and D12S391 were virtually unaffected by low-stringency conditions. Replacement of the Taq DNA polymerase with DNA polymerases with lower processivity resulted in higher levels of extra peaks. Our results support the hypothesis that extra peaks are produced due to slipped-strand mispairing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Meldgaard
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kumagai S, Kanagawa S, Morinobu A, Takada M, Nakamura K, Sugai S, Maruya E, Saji H. Association of a new allele of the TAP2 gene, TAP2*Bky2 (Val577), with susceptibility to Sjögren's syndrome. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1997; 40:1685-92. [PMID: 9324024 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780400919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the polymorphisms of TAP (transporters associated with antigen processing) genes among patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in order to clarify the potential association of the polymorphisms with disease susceptibility. METHODS Polymorphisms of the TAP1 and TAP2 genes in 108 Japanese SS patients were determined by analyzing TAP genes using the polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformation polymorphism technique. RESULTS The allelic frequency of the TAP1 gene was not significantly different between SS patients and normal subjects. In addition to all known TAP2 alleles, a new allele (Bky2), which had a unique substitution at codon 577 (ATG-->GTG: Met-->Val), was identified in both groups. The allelic frequency of Bky2 was significantly higher in SS patients (12.0%) than in normal subjects (5.1%) (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significantly greater frequency of SS-A antibody was found among SS patients with Bky2 (18 of 23; 78%) than among those without Bky2 (33 of 85; 39%) (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The mutation in TAP2 (Val577) may be involved in SS-A autoantibody production and could be a genetic factor that determines susceptibility to SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kumagai
- Kobe University Medical School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Knapp LA, Lehmann E, Hennes L, Eberle ME, Watkins DI. High-resolution HLA-DRB typing using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1997; 50:170-7. [PMID: 9271827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution HLA-DRB typing is required for bone marrow transplantation between unrelated donors and recipients and also for identification of novel HLA-DRB alleles. Here we describe a method for the unambiguous identification of HLA-DRB alleles using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and direct sequencing. The highly variable second exon of all HLA-DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5, -DRB6 and -DRB7 alleles was amplified using a single pair of generic DRB-specific primers and alleles were separated by DGGE. DNA was then reamplified from plugs removed from the gel and the sequences of these alleles were determined using fluorescent-based sequencing and allele-assignment software. The validity of this typing procedure was confirmed by identification of HLA-DRB alleles for 17 individuals previously characterized by PCR-SSP and/or cloning and sequencing techniques. We identified 34 different HLA-DRB alleles in these 17 unrelated individuals. Importantly, our analysis revealed HLA-DRB1 alleles which had not been identified using the PCR-SSP typing technique. Additionally, alleles from the HLA-DRB3, -DRB4 and -DRB5 loci were identified. Whereas traditional HLA-DRB typing methods provide limited information or require the use of multiple oligonucleotide primers or probes, our technique provides a reliable, specific and relatively rapid way of identifying all HLA-DRB alleles for high-resolution tissue typing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Knapp
- Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Maruya E, Ishikawa Y, Lin L, Tokunaga K, Kimura A, Nita H, Yokoyama S, Saji H. Allele typing of HLA-A10 group by nested-PCR-low ionic strength single stranded conformation polymorphism and a novel A26 allele (A26KY, A*2605). Hum Immunol 1996; 50:140-7. [PMID: 8891738 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(96)00151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
HLA-A26 is one of the most polymorphic HLA-A locus antigens among the Japanese population. Four HLA-A26 subtypes have so far been defined: A*2601-2604 [1]. We developed a means of typing alleles of the HLA-A10 group by nested PCR low ionic strength single-stranded conformation polymorphism (NPCR-LIS-SSCP) that is simple and cost effective. We used it to type 200 DNA samples from unrelated Japanese individuals who were serologically HLA-A26 positive. We found a novel A26 allele that had been suggested by PCR-SSO. Sequence analysis of A26KY (officially assigned A*2605, Accession No. D50068) revealed that the allele differs from A*2601 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 299, which leads to an amino acid substitution Ala-->Glu at position 76 in the alpha helix loop of the alpha 1 domain. From our results, A*2605 is likely to originate from A*2601 by a single point mutation. HLA-A*2601 showed the highest frequency (61.9%), followed by A*2603 (19.5%), A*2602 (17.6%), A*2604 (0.5%), and A*2605 (0.5%) in Japanese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Maruya
- Department of Research, Kyoto Red Cross Blood Center, Japan D50068
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Maruya E, Ishikawa Y, Lin L, Tokunaga K, Kumagai S, Yokoyama S, Saji H. New polymorphisms within human TAP2 in the ATP-binding domain and profiles of TAP polymorphism in Japanese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.12667/mhc.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Maruya
- Department of Research, Kyoto Red cross Blood center
| | | | - Ling Lin
- Department of Research, Japanese Red croon central Blood center
| | | | - Syunichi Kumagai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Medical School
| | | | - Hiroh Saji
- Department of Research, Kyoto Red cross Blood center
| |
Collapse
|