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Becker N, Kühn S, Olsson A. How emotional contexts modulate item memory in individuals with high and low negative affect and worry. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053891. [PMID: 38740426 PMCID: PMC11098457 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053891.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Emotional stimuli are usually remembered with high confidence. Yet, it remains unknown whether-in addition to memory for the emotional stimulus itself-memory for a neutral stimulus encountered just after an emotional one can be enhanced. Further, little is known about the interplay between emotion elicited by a stimulus and emotion relating to affective dispositions. To address these questions, we examined (1) how emotional valence and arousal of a context image preceding a neutral item image affect memory of the item, and (2) how such memory modulation is affected by two hallmark features of emotional disorders: trait negative affect and tendency to worry. In two experiments, participants encoded a series of trials in which an emotional (negative, neutral, or positive) context image was followed by a neutral item image. In experiment 1 (n = 42), items presented seconds after negative context images were remembered better and with greater confidence compared to those presented after neutral and positive ones. Arousal ratings of negative context images were higher compared to neutral and positive ones and the likelihood of correctly recognizing an item image was related to higher arousal of the context image. In experiment 2 (n = 59), better item memory was related to lower trait negative affect. Participants with lower trait negative affect or tendency to worry displayed higher confidence compared to those with high negative affect or tendency to worry. Our findings describe an emotional "carry-over" effect elicited by a context image that enhances subsequent item memory on a trial-by-trial basis, however, not in individuals with high trait negative affect who seem to have a general memory disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Becker
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Tassone LM, Moyano MD, Laiño F, Brusco LI, Ramele RE, Forcato C. One-week sleep hygiene education improves episodic memory in young but not in older adults during social isolation. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1155776. [PMID: 37599745 PMCID: PMC10433204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1155776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory formation is a dynamic process that comprises different phases, such as encoding, consolidation and retrieval. It could be altered by several factors such as sleep quality, anxiety, and depression levels. In the last years, due to COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in sleep quality, an increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as an impairment in emotional episodic memory encoding, especially in young adults. Taking into account the profound impact of sleep quality in daily life a series of rules has been developed that are conducive to consistently achieving good sleep, known as sleep hygiene education. These interventions have been shown to be effective in improving sleep quality and duration and reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms. Here we propose the implementation of a brief sleep hygiene education to improve sleep quality and memory performance as well as to diminish anxiety and depressive scores. For that, participants were divided into two groups: Sleep hygiene education and control group. After that, they were evaluated for anxiety, depression, and sleep quality levels and trained on an episodic memory task. They were tested immediately after (short-term test) and also 1 week later (long-term test). This procedure was also performed before the sleep hygiene education and was taken as baseline level. We found that episodic memory performance for young adults improved for the SHE group after intervention but not for older adults, and no improvements in emotional variables were observed. Despite not observing a significant effect of the intervention for young and older adults regarding the sleep quality scores, we consider that there may be an improvement in sleep physiology that is not subjectively perceived, but would also have a positive impact on memory processes. These results show that even a sleep hygiene education of 1 week could improve cognition in young adults when acute memory and sleep impairment occurs, in this case, due to the isolation by COVID-19 pandemic. However, we suggest that longer interventions should be implemented for older adults who already experience a natural decline in cognitive processes such as episodic memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonela Magali Tassone
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Memoria, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malen Daiana Moyano
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Memoria, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Laiño
- Fundación Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Ignacio Brusco
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CENECON, Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta (CENECON), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Ezequiel Ramele
- Centro de Inteligencia Computacional, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Forcato
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Memoria, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Bachman SL, Attanti S, Mather M. Isometric handgrip exercise speeds working memory responses in younger and older adults. Psychol Aging 2023; 38:305-322. [PMID: 36931831 PMCID: PMC10238670 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Physiological arousal affects attention and memory, sometimes enhancing and other times impairing what we attend to and remember. In the present study, we investigated how changes in physiological arousal-induced through short bursts of isometric handgrip exercise-affected subsequent working memory performance. A sample of 57 younger (ages 18-29) and 56 older (ages 65-85) participants performed blocks of isometric handgrip exercise in which they periodically squeezed a therapy ball, alternating with blocks of an auditory working memory task. We found that, compared with those in a control group, participants who performed isometric handgrip had faster reaction times on the working memory task. Handgrip-speeded responses were observed for both younger and older participants, across working memory loads. Analysis of multimodal physiological responses indicated that physiological arousal increased during handgrip. Our findings suggest that performing short bouts of isometric handgrip exercise can improve processing speed, and they offer testable possibilities for the mechanism underlying handgrip's effects on performance. The potential for acute isometric exercise to temporarily improve processing speed may be of particular relevance for older adults who show declines in processing speed and working memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumedha Attanti
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
| | - Mara Mather
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
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4
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Lee RX, Stephens GJ, Kuhn B. Social Relationship as a Factor for the Development of Stress Incubation in Adult Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:854486. [PMID: 35685272 PMCID: PMC9172995 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.854486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While stress reactions can emerge long after the triggering event, it remains elusive how they emerge after a protracted, seemingly stress-free period during which stress incubates. Here, we study the behavioral development in mice isolated after observing an aggressive encounter inflicted upon their pair-housed partners. We developed a spatially resolved fine-scale behavioral analysis and applied it to standard behavioral tests. It reveals that the seemingly sudden behavioral changes developed gradually. These behavioral changes were not observed if the aggressive encounter happened to a stranger mouse, suggesting that social bonding is a prerequisite for stress incubation in this paradigm. This finding was corroborated by hemisphere-specific morphological changes in cortex regions centering at the anterior cingulate cortex, a cognitive and emotional center. Our non-invasive analytical methods to capture informative behavioral details may have applications beyond laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray X. Lee
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Biological Physics Theory Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ray X. Lee,
| | - Greg J. Stephens
- Biological Physics Theory Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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Limenie AA, Dugul TT, Eshetu EM. Effects of Catha Edulis Forsk on spatial learning, memory and correlation with serum electrolytes in wild-type male white albino rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0257932. [PMID: 35157725 PMCID: PMC8843189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The burdens of psychostimulant use disorders are becoming a worldwide problem. One of the psychostimulants widely consumed in Ethiopia and East African countries is Catha edulis Forsk (khat). However, no studies have been conducted on the cognitive effects of khat and its correlation with serum electrolytes. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of khat on spatial learning and memory and their correlation with serum electrolytes. Materials and methods Diethyl ether and chloroform (3:1v/v ratio) were solvents used to obtain the crude khat extract in this study. T80W was used to prepare the khat juice, fresh khat leave extract. The rats were received crude khat extract subchronically (KESC) (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg b.w), khat juice (KHJ 2.5 mL/kg), 2% tween 80 in distilled water (T80W- v/v, vehicle) and khat extract subacutely (KESA) (300 mg/kg). For subchronic treatment, each rat was administered for twelve weeks before Morris water maze experiment has been started, while it was administered for a week for acute treatment. Spatial learning and memory were measured using the Morris water maze model and serum sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride were evaluated using Cobas 6000. Results Spatial learning was improved with trials across the groups, while average escape latency (s) of rats received KESC 200 mg/kg (p<0.001), KESC 300 mg/kg (p<0.01) and KHJ 2.5 mL/kg (p<0.05) was significantly greater than rats that received vehicle. There was no significant difference in the latency between rats that received KESA 300mg/kg and vehicle (p>0.05). Thigmotaxis was significantly higher in rats that received all doses of khat extract (p<0.001). The time spent in the target quadrant in rats that received KESC 300 mg/kg was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Serum calcium level was inversely correlated with the escape latency (R = -0.417, p<0.05) in rats that received khat. Conclusions Khat extract and juice administered subchronically, but not subacutely, impaired learning and memory and was associated with serum calcium reduction. The neuronal basis for such alteration should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebaye Aragaw Limenie
- Department of Physiology, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tesfaye Tolessa Dugul
- Department of Physiology, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Mekonnen Eshetu
- Department of Pharmacology, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tindall IK, Curtis GJ, Locke V. Can anxiety and race interact to influence face-recognition accuracy? A systematic literature review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254477. [PMID: 34358245 PMCID: PMC8345850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wrongful convictions continue to occur through eyewitness misidentification. Recognising what factors, or interaction between factors, affect face-recognition is therefore imperative. Extensive research indicates that face-recognition accuracy is impacted by anxiety and by race. Limited research, however, has examined how these factors interact to potentially exacerbate face-recognition deficits. Brigham (2008) suggests that anxiety exacerbates other-race face-recognition deficits. Conversely, Attentional Control Theory predicts that anxiety exacerbates deficits for all faces. This systematic review examined existing studies investigating the possible interaction between anxiety and face-race to compare these theories. Recent studies included in this review found that both anxiety and race influence face-recognition accuracy but found no interaction. Potential moderators existing in reviewed studies, however, might have influenced their results. Separately, in some studies reviewed, anxiety induced during retrieval impacted recognition, contrasting with the conclusions of previous reviews. Recommendations for future research are given to address moderators potentially impacting results observed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabeau K. Tindall
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Transformative Work Design, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guy J. Curtis
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vance Locke
- Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Charpentier CJ, Faulkner P, Pool ER, Ly V, Tollenaar MS, Kluen LM, Fransen A, Yamamori Y, Lally N, Mkrtchian A, Valton V, Huys QJM, Sarigiannidis I, Morrow KA, Krenz V, Kalbe F, Cremer A, Zerbes G, Kausche FM, Wanke N, Giarrizzo A, Pulcu E, Murphy S, Kaltenboeck A, Browning M, Paul LK, Cools R, Roelofs K, Pessoa L, Harmer CJ, Chase HW, Grillon C, Schwabe L, Roiser JP, Robinson OJ, O'Doherty JP. How Representative are Neuroimaging Samples? Large-Scale Evidence for Trait Anxiety Differences Between fMRI and Behaviour-Only Research Participants. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:1057-1070. [PMID: 33950220 PMCID: PMC8483285 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become crucial to study how cognitive processes are implemented in the human brain. However, the question of whether participants recruited into fMRI studies differ from participants recruited into other study contexts has received little to no attention. This is particularly pertinent when effects fail to generalize across study contexts: for example, a behavioural effect discovered in a non-imaging context not replicating in a neuroimaging environment. Here, we tested the hypothesis, motivated by preliminary findings (N = 272), that fMRI participants differ from behaviour-only participants on one fundamental individual difference variable: trait anxiety. Analysing trait anxiety scores and possible confounding variables from healthy volunteers across multiple institutions (N = 3317), we found robust support for lower trait anxiety in fMRI study participants, consistent with a sampling or self-selection bias. The bias was larger in studies that relied on phone screening (compared with full in-person psychiatric screening), recruited at least partly from convenience samples (compared with community samples), and in pharmacology studies. Our findings highlight the need for surveying trait anxiety at recruitment and for appropriate screening procedures or sampling strategies to mitigate this bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Charpentier
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Eva R Pool
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Verena Ly
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke S Tollenaar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Kluen
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Aniek Fransen
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yumeya Yamamori
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Níall Lally
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anahit Mkrtchian
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Valton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Quentin J M Huys
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erdem Pulcu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susannah Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Kaltenboeck
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Browning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Lynn K Paul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Roshan Cools
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luiz Pessoa
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver J Robinson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Acute stress reduces the emotional attentional blink: Evidence from human electrophysiology. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 21:58-73. [PMID: 33263152 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study is the first to examine the time-dependent mechanism of acute stress on emotional attentional blink (EAB) with event-related potential (ERP) measures. We explored the stage characteristics of stress affecting EAB, whether it affects the early selective attention process (marked by early posterior negativity) or the late working memory consolidation (marked by late positive potential). Sixty-one healthy participants were exposed to either a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a control condition, and salivary cortisol was measured to reflect the stress effect. ERPs were recorded during an attentional blink (AB) paradigm in which target one (T1) were negative or neutral images. Results showed stress generally reduced AB effects. Specifically, stress promoted the early selective attention process of target two (T2) following a neutral T1 but did not affect T2 consolidation into working memory. Correlational analyses further confirmed the positive effect of cortisol and negative emotional state on AB performance. Moreover, the ERP results of acute stress on AB conformed to the trade-off effect between T1 and T2; that is, stress reduced T1 late working memory consolidation and improved T2 early selective attention process. These findings further demonstrated that stress did not change the central resource limitation of AB. In general, stress generates a dissociable effect on AB early- and late-stage processing; namely, acute stress reduce the AB effect mainly from the improvement of participants' overall ability to select the targets in the early stage.
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9
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Garibbo M, Aylward J, Robinson OJ. The impact of threat of shock-induced anxiety on the neural substrates of memory encoding and retrieval. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:1087-1096. [PMID: 31680142 PMCID: PMC6970151 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional memory processes are widely reported in anxiety disorders, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are unclear. Recent work shows that the impact of anxiety on memory depends on the context and memory modality. For instance, threat of shock, a translational within-subject anxiety induction, has been shown to impair the encoding of facial stimuli, while improving spatial working memory (WM) accuracy. The present study aimed to delineate the neural circuitry regulating these opposing behavioural effects. Thirty-three healthy volunteers performed the previously assessed facial recognition and a spatial WM tasks inside an fMRI scanner, under alternating within-subject conditions of threat or safe from shock across encoding and retrieval. Facial recognition impairments were replicated when threat was selectively induced at encoding. Neuroimaging results suggest that this effect was driven by increased competition for attentional resources within the anterior cingulate cortex, in which activation correlated positively with stress levels. The impact of threat on spatial WM performance did not, however, replicate in the fMRI environment. Nevertheless, state-dependent hippocampal activation was observed in both tasks. These findings suggest a neurocognitive mechanism by which anxiety impairs facial recognition as well as a state-dependent hippocampal activation pattern, which may putatively underline retrieval of negative experiences in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Garibbo
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, WC1N 3AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Aylward
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, WC1N 3AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Robinson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, WC1N 3AZ, London, United Kingdom
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