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Niu X, Utayde MF, Sanders KEG, Denis D, Kensinger EA, Payne JD. Age-related positivity effect in emotional memory consolidation from middle age to late adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1342589. [PMID: 38328467 PMCID: PMC10847278 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1342589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While younger adults are more likely to attend to, process, and remember negative relative to positive information, healthy older adults show the opposite pattern. The current study evaluates when, exactly, this positivity shift begins, and how it influences memory performance for positive, negative, and neutral information. Methods A total of 274 healthy early middle-aged (35-47), late middle-aged (48-59), and older adults (>59) viewed scenes consisting of a negative, positive, or a neutral object placed on a plausible neutral background, and rated each scene for its valence and arousal. After 12 h spanning a night of sleep (n = 137) or a day of wakefulness (n = 137), participants completed an unexpected memory test during which they were shown objects and backgrounds separately and indicated whether the scene component was the "same," "similar," or "new" to what they viewed during the study session. Results and conclusions We found that both late middle-aged and older adults rated positive and neutral scenes more positively compared to early middle-aged adults. However, only older adults showed better memory for positive objects relative to negative objects, and a greater positive memory trade-off magnitude (i.e., remembering positive objects at the cost of their associated neutral backgrounds) than negative memory trade-off magnitude (i.e., remembering negative objects at the cost of their associated neutral backgrounds). Our findings suggest that while the positivity bias may not emerge in memory until older adulthood, a shift toward positivity in terms of processing may begin in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Niu
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Mia F. Utayde
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Kristin E. G. Sanders
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Dan Denis
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Kensinger
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Jessica D. Payne
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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2
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Cohen H, Ephraim‐Oluwanuga OT, Akintunde OT, Gureje O, Matar MA, Todder D, Zohar J. The potential beneficial effect of sleep deprivation following traumatic events to preventing PTSD: Review of current insight regarding sleep, memory, and trauma resonating with ancient rituals-Àìsùn Oku (African) and Tsuya (Japanese). Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:2-11. [PMID: 36622038 PMCID: PMC10009425 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep figures in numerous ancient texts, for example, Epic of Gilgamesh, and has been a focus for countless mystical and philosophical texts. Even in the present century, sleep remains one of the most complex behaviors whose function still remains to be further explored. Current hypotheses suggest that among other functions, sleep contributes to memory processes. Memory is a core topic of study in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related phenomena. It is widely accepted that sleep plays a major role in the consolidation of newly encoded hippocampus-dependent memories to pre-existing knowledge networks. Conversely, sleep deprivation disrupts consolidation and impairs memory retrieval. Along this line, sleep deprivation following a potentially traumatic event may interfere with the consolidation of event-related memories and, thereby, may reduce long-term post-traumatic stress-related symptoms. This review consolidates clinical and animal studies on the relationships between sleep, sleep deprivation, memory processes, and trauma exposure while introducing new contemporary insights into an ancient African tribal ritual (Àìsùn Oku) and Japanese ceremony ritual (Tsuya). We propose that these findings, focusing specifically on the effects of sleep deprivation in the immediate aftermath of traumatic events, may be explored as a possible therapeutic measure. Along with a summary of the field questions on whether sleep is performed "to remember" or "to forget" we lay the rationale for using sleep deprivation as a clinical tool. A tool that may partially prevent the long-term persistence of these traumatic events' memory and thereby, at least partly, attenuating the development of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Cohen
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | | | - Orunmuyi T. Akintunde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Health Sciences University of AbujaAbujaNigeria
| | - Michael A. Matar
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Doron Todder
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Post‐Trauma Center, Sheba Medical CenterTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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3
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Cunningham TJ, Kishore D, Guo M, Igue M, Malhotra A, Stickgold R, Djonlagic I. The Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Sleep-dependent Emotional Memory Consolidation. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:296-306. [PMID: 36250951 PMCID: PMC9989861 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202204-315oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A growing body of evidence suggests that sleep is critical for the adaptive processing and consolidation of emotional information into long-term memory. Previous research has indicated that emotional components of scenes particularly benefit from sleep in healthy groups, yet sleep-dependent emotional memory processes remain unexplored in clinical cohorts, including those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This line of research is important as it will add to the understanding of how disrupted sleep in OSA contributes to both impaired cognition and emotion dysregulation. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that individuals with OSA will have impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation, with the greatest impact being on memory for emotional content. Methods: In this study, a group of newly diagnosed patients with OSA (n = 26; 10 female; average age, 42.5 years) and a matched group of healthy control subjects (n = 24; 13 female; average age, 37 years) were enrolled in the study at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Participants encoded scenes with negative or neutral foreground objects placed on neutral backgrounds before a night of polysomnographically recorded sleep. In the morning, they completed a recognition test in which old and new scene objects and backgrounds, presented separately and one at a time, were judged as old, new, or similar compared with what had been previously viewed. Results: Patients with OSA had a deficit in recognition memory for the scenes. Overall recognition (the ability to recognize old items as either old or similar) was impaired across all scene elements, both negative and neutral objects and backgrounds, whereas specific recognition (correctly identifying old items as old) was impaired only for negative objects. Across all participants, successful overall recognition correlated positively with sleep efficiency and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, whereas successful specific memory recognition correlated only with REM sleep. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that fragmented sleep and reduced REM sleep, both hallmarks of OSA, are associated with disruptions in general memory impairment and veridical memory for emotional content, which could alter emotional regulation and contribute to comorbid emotional distress in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. Cunningham
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Department of Psychiatry and
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts; and
| | - Divya Kishore
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Physiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Moroké Igue
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Physiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Ina Djonlagic
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Physiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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4
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Sleep preferentially consolidates negative aspects of human memory: Well-powered evidence from two large online experiments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202657119. [PMID: 36279434 PMCID: PMC9636942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202657119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has called into question whether sleep improves memory, especially for emotional information. However, many of these studies used a relatively small number of participants and focused only on college student samples, limiting both the power of these findings and their generalizability to the wider population. Here, using the well-established emotional memory trade-off task, we investigated sleep’s impact on memory for emotional components of scenes in a large online sample of adults ranging in age from 18 to 59 y. Despite the limitations inherent in using online samples, this well-powered study provides strong evidence that sleep selectively consolidates negative emotional aspects of memory and that this effect generalizes to participants across young adulthood and middle age. Research suggests that sleep benefits memory. Moreover, it is often claimed that sleep selectively benefits memory for emotionally salient information over neutral information. However, not all scientists are convinced by this relationship [e.g., J. M. Siegel. Curr. Sleep Med. Rep., 7, 15–18 (2021)]. One criticism of the overall sleep and memory literature—like other literature—is that many studies are underpowered and lacking in generalizability [M. J. Cordi, B. Rasch. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 67, 1–7 (2021)], thus leaving the evidence mixed and confusing to interpret. Because large replication studies are sorely needed, we recruited over 250 participants spanning various age ranges and backgrounds in an effort to confirm sleep’s preferential emotional memory consolidation benefit using a well-established task. We found that sleep selectively benefits memory for negative emotional objects at the expense of their paired neutral backgrounds, confirming our prior work and clearly demonstrating a role for sleep in emotional memory formation. In a second experiment also using a large sample, we examined whether this effect generalized to positive emotional memory. We found that while participants demonstrated better memory for positive objects compared to their neutral backgrounds, sleep did not modulate this effect. This research provides strong support for a sleep-specific benefit on memory consolidation for specifically negative information and more broadly affirms the benefit of sleep for cognition.
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Vaseghi S, Arjmandi-Rad S, Kholghi G, Nasehi M. Inconsistent effects of sleep deprivation on memory function. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1011-1027. [PMID: 34267613 PMCID: PMC8278215 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we aimed to discuss the role of sleep deprivation (SD) in learning and memory processing in basic and clinical studies. There are numerous studies investigating the effect of SD on memory, while most of these studies have shown the impairment effect of SD. However, some of these studies have reported conflicting results, indicating that SD does not impair memory performance or even improves it. So far, no study has discussed or compared the conflicting results of SD on learning and memory. Thus, this important issue in the neuroscience of sleep remains unknown. The main goal of this review article is to compare the similar mechanisms between the impairment and the improvement effects of SD on learning and memory, probably leading to a scientific solution that justifies these conflicting results. We focused on the inconsistent effects of SD on some mechanisms involved in learning and memory, and tried to discuss the inconsistent effects of SD on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Arjmandi-Rad
- Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Davidson P, Jönsson P, Carlsson I, Pace-Schott E. Does Sleep Selectively Strengthen Certain Memories Over Others Based on Emotion and Perceived Future Relevance? Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1257-1306. [PMID: 34335065 PMCID: PMC8318217 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s286701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep has been found to have a beneficial effect on memory consolidation. It has furthermore frequently been suggested that sleep does not strengthen all memories equally. The first aim of this review paper was to examine whether sleep selectively strengthens emotional declarative memories more than neutral ones. We examined this first by reviewing the literature focusing on sleep/wake contrasts, and then the literature on whether any specific factors during sleep preferentially benefit emotional memories, with a special focus on the often-suggested claim that rapid eye movement sleep primarily consolidates emotional memories. A second aim was to examine if sleep preferentially benefits memories based on other cues of future relevance such as reward, test-expectancy or different instructions during encoding. Once again, we first focused on studies comparing sleep and wake groups, and then on studies examining the contributions of specific factors during sleep (for each future relevance paradigm, respectively). The review revealed that although some support exists that sleep is more beneficial for certain kinds of memories based on emotion or other cues of future relevance, the majority of studies does not support such an effect. Regarding specific factors during sleep, our review revealed that no sleep variable has reliably been found to be specifically associated with the consolidation of certain kinds of memories over others based on emotion or other cues of future relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Davidson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Jönsson
- School of Education and Environment, Centre for Psychology, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | - Edward Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Ashton JE, Harrington MO, Langthorne D, Ngo HVV, Cairney SA. Sleep deprivation induces fragmented memory loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:130-135. [PMID: 32179655 PMCID: PMC7079571 DOI: 10.1101/lm.050757.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation increases rates of forgetting in episodic memory. Yet, whether an extended lack of sleep alters the qualitative nature of forgetting is unknown. We compared forgetting of episodic memories across intervals of overnight sleep, daytime wakefulness, and overnight sleep deprivation. Item-level forgetting was amplified across daytime wakefulness and overnight sleep deprivation, as compared to sleep. Importantly, however, overnight sleep deprivation led to a further deficit in associative memory that was not observed after daytime wakefulness. These findings suggest that sleep deprivation induces fragmentation among item memories and their associations, altering the qualitative nature of episodic forgetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Ashton
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus O Harrington
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Langthorne
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Hong-Viet V Ngo
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6526 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Scott A Cairney
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,York Biomedical Research Institute (YBRI), University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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8
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Zhang YW, Li XQ, Tan WF, Fang B, Ma H. Postoperative 24-h Acute Sleep Deprivation Improves Learning and Memory Through Inhibition of Tau Phosphorylation in the Hippocampal Neurons of Splenectomized Rats. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:603-613. [PMID: 32904483 PMCID: PMC7455769 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s254449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As tau pathology is involved in impaired postoperative learning and memory in rats, we attempted to identify the possible mechanisms by which tau pathology affects postoperative sleep deprivation. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups as follows: the Control group, Anaesthesia group, Surgery group, Sleep deprivation (SD) group: 24-h SD with the modified multiple platform method (MMPM), Anaesthesia and SD (ASD) group, and Surgery and SD (SSD) group. Tau396 and FOXQ1 protein expression levels in the hippocampal neurons of all groups were analysed. Changes following co-culture of hippocampal neurons with IL-6 were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Twenty-four hours of acute SD decreased the error scores on postoperative day 5 in the ASD and SSD groups compared with the Anaesthesia and Surgery groups. Compared with the tau levels in the Control group, tau levels in the Anaesthesia and Surgery groups were increased, but SD decreased the expression of tau in the ASD and SSD groups. The expression levels of tau and FOXQ1 were inversely regulated. When hippocampal neurons were co-cultured with IL-6, the same changes were observed. CONCLUSION Postoperative 24-h acute SD improves learning and memory through inhibition of tau phosphorylation and increases IL-6-induced expression of FOXQ1 in the hippocampal neurons of splenectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fei Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Sleep's benefits to emotional processing emerge in the long term. Cortex 2019; 120:457-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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