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Katz DE, Rector NA, Ornstein T, McKinnon M, McCabe RE, Hawley LL, Rowa K, Richter MA, Regev R, Laposa JM. Neurocognitive performance in the context of acute symptom reduction in OCD: Treatment effects and the impact of BDNF. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:679-687. [PMID: 39009317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with neurocognitive impairments. The present study examined the effect of treatment on neurocognitive performance in OCD and the relationship between neurocognitive change and symptom change. The present study also examined polymorphisms influencing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as predictors of neurocognitive change. METHOD Treatment-seeking participants with OCD (N = 125) were assigned to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) alone, CBT combined with regular physical exercise, exercise alone, or a waitlist control group. Measures of OCD symptom severity and a neuropsychological battery were completed pre- and post-treatment. Blood or saliva samples were used to genotype the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. RESULTS OCD symptom severity was not cross-sectionally associated with neurocognitive performance. Several neurocognitive measures improved over treatment. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was significantly associated with worse performance on the Stroop test but did not significantly predict change in neurocognitive performance over time. LIMITATIONS Limitations include lack of a healthy control group. CONCLUSION Improvement in neurocognitive performance corresponded to symptomatic improvement and was independent of the BDNF Val66Met genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Katz
- Forest Hill Centre for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil A Rector
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tish Ornstein
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret McKinnon
- McMaster University, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Neurosciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randi E McCabe
- McMaster University, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Neurosciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lance L Hawley
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- McMaster University, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Neurosciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret A Richter
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rotem Regev
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith M Laposa
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Riboldi JG, Correa J, Renfijes MM, Tintorelli R, Viola H. Arc and BDNF mediated effects of hippocampal astrocytic glutamate uptake blockade on spatial memory stages. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1032. [PMID: 39174690 PMCID: PMC11341830 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is involved in fundamental functions, including neuronal plasticity and memory. Astrocytes are integral elements involved in synaptic function, and the GLT-1 transporter possesses a critical role in glutamate uptake. Here, we study the role of GLT-1, specifically located in astrocytes, in the consolidation, expression, reconsolidation and persistence of spatial object recognition memory in rats. Administration of dihydrokainic acid (DHK), a selective GLT-1 inhibitor, into the dorsal hippocampus around a weak training which only induces short-term memory, promotes long-term memory formation. This promotion is prevented by hippocampal administration of protein-synthesis translation inhibitor, blockade of Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) translation or Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) action, which are plasticity related proteins necessary for memory consolidation. However, DHK around a strong training, which induces long-term memory, does not affect memory consolidation. Administration of DHK before the test session impairs the expression of long-term memory, and this effect is dependent of Arc translation. Furthermore, DHK impairs reconsolidation if applied before a reactivation session, and this effect is independent of Arc translation. These findings reveal specific consequences on spatial memory stages developed under hippocampal GLT-1 blockade, shedding light on the intricate molecular mechanisms, governed in part for the action of glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gabriel Riboldi
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular "Dr. Héctor Maldonado" (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Correa
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular "Dr. Héctor Maldonado" (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías M Renfijes
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Tintorelli
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular "Dr. Héctor Maldonado" (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydee Viola
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular "Dr. Héctor Maldonado" (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Nishikawa Y, Sakaguchi H, Takada T, Maeda N, Hyngstrom A. Influence of stimulation frequency on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cathepsin-B production in healthy young adults. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:493-499. [PMID: 38819461 PMCID: PMC11316700 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been shown to stimulate the production of myokines (i.e., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)), but the most effective EMS parameters for myokine production have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to quantify the optimal EMS frequency for stimulating myokine production. This study included sixteen young adults (male, n = 13, age = 27.3 ± 5.5 years). Participants underwent four EMS interventions (20 min each) with the following conditions: (1) 4 Hz, (2) 20 Hz, (3) 80 Hz, and (4) control (no intervention). Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after EMS. For the control condition, blood samples were taken before and after 20 min of quiet sitting. BDNF and cathepsin-B levels were analyzed in serum. Compared to preintervention levels, stimulation at 20 Hz resulted in significantly greater postintervention cathepsin-B and BDNF levels (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the control condition did not result in a significant change between pre- and posttreatment. Furthermore, stimulation at 20 Hz caused significantly larger increases in cathepsin-B and BDNF levels than stimulation at 4-80 Hz or the control condition (p < 0.05). In conclusion, stimulation at 20 Hz effectively causes a robust cathepsin-B and BDNF response. Based on these results, we suggest a new strategy for rehabilitation of people with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nishikawa
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science & Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Maeda
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Allison Hyngstrom
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Wen Y, Xu J, Shen J, Tang Z, Li S, Zhang Q, Li J, Sun J. Esketamine Prevents Postoperative Emotional and Cognitive Dysfunction by Suppressing Microglial M1 Polarization and Regulating the BDNF-TrkB Pathway in Ageing Rats with Preoperative Sleep Disturbance. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5680-5698. [PMID: 38221533 PMCID: PMC11249437 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative depression (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) have placed heavy burden on patients' physical and mental health in recent years. Sleep disturbance before surgery is a common phenomenon that has been increasingly believed to affect patients' recovery, especially in aged patients, while little attention has been paid to sleep disruption before surgery and the potential mechanism remains ambiguous. Ketamine has been reported to attenuate POCD after cardiac surgery and elicit rapid-acting and sustained antidepressant actions. The present study aimed to clarify the effect of esketamine's (the S-enantiomer of ketamine) protective effects and possible mechanisms of action in POCD and POD. Our results showed that sleep disturbance before surgery exacerbated microglial M1 polarization and microglial BDNF-TrkB signalling dysfunction induced by surgery, resulting in postoperative emotional changes and cognitive impairments. Notably, treatment with esketamine reversed the behavioural abnormalities through inhibiting the M1 polarization of microglia and the inflammatory response thus improving BDNF-TrkB signalling in vivo and vitro. In addition, esketamine administration also reversed the impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity which has been perturbed by sleep disturbance and surgery. These findings warrant further investigations into the interplay of esketamine and may provide novel ideas for the implication of preoperative preparations and the prevention of postoperative brain-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zili Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School of Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianliang Sun
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Zhang S, Xiao Y, Cheng Y, Ma Y, Liu J, Li C, Shang H. Associations of sugar intake, high-sugar dietary pattern, and the risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 210,832 participants. BMC Med 2024; 22:298. [PMID: 39020335 PMCID: PMC11256505 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence demonstrated the potential relationship between dietary sugar intake and dementia. This association demands further clarification in a large-scale population. METHODS A total of 210,832 participants from the UK Biobank cohort were included in this prospective cohort study. Absolute and relative sugar intake and high-sugar dietary scores were utilized to reflect dietary sugar intake. Absolute sugar intake was identified by the Oxford WebQ in the UK Biobank. Relative sugar intake was calculated by dividing the absolute sugar intake by total diet energy. High-sugar dietary pattern was identified using the method of reduced rank regression. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and restricted cubic splines were performed to examine the longitudinal associations between dietary sugar intake and all-cause dementia and its main subtype, Alzheimer's disease. Explorative mediation analyses were conducted to explore underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Increased absolute sugar intake (g/day) was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.003, [95%CI: 1.002-1.004], p < 0.001) and Alzheimer's disease (1.002, [1.001-1.004], 0.005). Relative sugar intake (%g/kJ/day) also demonstrated significant associations with all-cause dementia (1.317, [1.173-1.480], p < 0.001) and Alzheimer's disease (1.249, [1.041-1.500], 0.017), while the high-sugar dietary score was only significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (1.090, [1.045-1.136], p < 0.001). In addition, both sugar intake and high-sugar dietary score demonstrated significant non-linear relationships with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (all p values for non-linearity < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study provided evidence that excessive sugar intake was associated with dementia. Controlling the excess consumption of dietary sugar may be of great public health implications for preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanzheng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wang Z, Xu X, Yang X, Wang SS, Zhou Y, Li Y. Effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function in persons with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 158:104843. [PMID: 39116586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multicomponent exercise has the potential to improve cognitive function in people with mild cognitive impairment. However, the effects of multicomponent exercise on specific cognitive subdomains in mild cognitive impairment and the optimal combination of exercise components remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to (a) investigate the effects of multicomponent exercise on different cognitive subdomains in people with mild cognitive impairment and (b) investigate the effects of different combinations of multicomponent exercise on global cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Six electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were systematically searched from inception to January 1st, 2023. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of multicomponent exercise interventions on cognitive function in people with mild cognitive impairment were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane collaborative bias assessment tool. A random-effects model was used to calculate standardized mean difference. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitive analysis were performed. If a meta-analysis was not feasible, studies were synthesized narratively. RESULTS Twenty studies were identified for systematic review and meta-analysis. Multicomponent exercise significantly improved global cognition [SMD = 1.04; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 1.55], cognitive flexibility (SMD = -1.04; 95 % CI: -1.81, -0.27), processing speed (SMD = 0.43; 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.82), verbal fluency (SMD = 0.38; 95 % CI: 0.13, 0.63), attention (SMD = -0.90; 95 % CI: -1.68, -0.12) and memory (SMD = 0.36; 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.69) in mild cognitive impairment. The multicomponent exercise including cardiovascular (exercise that promotes cardiovascular health, such as endurance training or aerobic exercise) and motor (exercises that improve physical abilities, such as balance, coordination, agility, flexibility, etc.) components positively affected global cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment (SMD = 1.06; 95 % CI: 0.55, 1.57). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that multicomponent exercise has a positive impact on various cognitive domains, including global cognition, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, verbal fluency, attention and memory in mild cognitive impairment. Specifically, the combination of exercises including cardiovascular and motor components was found to be effective in improving global cognition. However, further research is needed to investigate the optimal frequency and intensity of the multicomponent exercise intervention, and more detail about exercise combinations of the motor component (not classified in this study) for individuals with mild cognitive impairment. REGISTRATION The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023400302).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xinyi Xu
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xinxin Yang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Shan Shan Wang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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7
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Lazarova M, Stefanova M, Denev P, Taseva T, Vassileva V, Tasheva K. Neuroprotective Effect of Marrubium vulgare Extract in Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats: Behavioral and Biochemical Approaches. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38927306 PMCID: PMC11201232 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The potential of Marrubium vulgare to alleviate scopolamine (Sco)-induced deficits in spatial working memory has drawn considerable scientific interest. This effect is partly attributed to its potent antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) activities. This study examined the effects of M. vulgare extract, standardized to marrubiin content, on recognition memory in healthy and Sco-treated rats. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided into four groups. The extract was orally administered for 21 days and Sco (2 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected for 11 consecutive days. Memory performance was assessed using the novel object recognition test. Levels of acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (Sero), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) were evaluated in the cortex and hippocampus via ELISA. BDNF and CREB expression levels were assessed using RT-PCR. The results showed that M. vulgare significantly alleviated Sco-induced memory impairment, preserved cholinergic function in the hippocampus, increased NA levels in the brain, and restored pCREB expression in the cortex following Sco-induced reduction. In healthy rats, the extract upregulated BDNF, pCREB, and Bcl2 expression. Our findings indicate that the neuroprotective effects of M. vulgare may be linked to the modulation of cholinergic function, regulation of NA neurotransmission, and influence on key memory-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Miroslava Stefanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Petko Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Teodora Taseva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Krasimira Tasheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (K.T.)
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8
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Song J. BDNF Signaling in Vascular Dementia and Its Effects on Cerebrovascular Dysfunction, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cholinergic System Abnormality. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:122-138. [PMID: 38826183 PMCID: PMC11140249 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia and is characterized by memory impairment, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal cell loss, glia activation, impaired synaptic plasticity, and cholinergic system abnormalities. To effectively prevent and treat VaD a good understanding of the mechanisms underlying its neuropathology is needed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important neurotrophic factor with multiple functions in the systemic circulation and the central nervous system and is known to regulate neuronal cell survival, synaptic formation, glia activation, and cognitive decline. Recent studies indicate that when compared with normal subjects, patients with VaD have low serum BDNF levels and that BDNF deficiency in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid is an important indicator of VaD. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of BDNF signaling in the pathology of VaD, such as cerebrovascular dysfunction, synaptic dysfunction, and cholinergic system impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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9
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Tsuruya K, Yoshida H. Cognitive Impairment and Brain Atrophy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1401. [PMID: 38592226 PMCID: PMC10931800 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In Japan, the aging of the population is rapidly accelerating, with an increase in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those undergoing dialysis. As a result, the number of individuals with cognitive impairment (CI) is rising, and addressing this issue has become an urgent problem. A notable feature of dementia in CKD patients is the high frequency of vascular dementia, making its prevention through the management of classical risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, etc., associated with atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Other effective measures, including the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, addressing anemia, exercise therapy, and lifestyle improvements, have been reported. The incidence and progression of CI may also be influenced by the type of kidney replacement therapy, with reports suggesting that long-duration dialysis, low-temperature hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation can have a preferable effect on the preservation of cognitive function. In conclusion, patients with CKD are at a higher risk of developing CI, with brain atrophy being a contributing factor. Despite the identification of various preventive measures, the evidence substantiating their efficacy remains limited across all studies. Future expectations lie in large-scale randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan;
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Babington S, Tilbrook AJ, Maloney SK, Fernandes JN, Crowley TM, Ding L, Fox AH, Zhang S, Kho EA, Cozzolino D, Mahony TJ, Blache D. Finding biomarkers of experience in animals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:28. [PMID: 38374201 PMCID: PMC10877933 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare, it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation. Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare outcomes. Existing behavioural, physiological, and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative outcomes. But welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal, from negative to positive. In this review, we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers (biomarkers) that should reflect the experiential state of non-human animals. The proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine, oxidative stress, non-coding molecular, and thermobiological markers. We also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Babington
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Alan J Tilbrook
- Centre for Animal Science, The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Shane K Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jill N Fernandes
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Tamsyn M Crowley
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
- Poultry Hub Australia, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - Luoyang Ding
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Archa H Fox
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Elise A Kho
- Centre for Animal Science, The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy J Mahony
- Centre for Animal Science, The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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11
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Fontanella RA, Ghosh P, Pesapane A, Taktaz F, Puocci A, Franzese M, Feliciano MF, Tortorella G, Scisciola L, Sommella E, Ambrosino C, Paolisso G, Barbieri M. Tirzepatide prevents neurodegeneration through multiple molecular pathways. J Transl Med 2024; 22:114. [PMID: 38287296 PMCID: PMC10823712 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several evidence demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) reduce the risk of dementia in type 2 diabetes patients by improving memory, learning, and overcoming cognitive impairment. In this study, we elucidated the molecular processes underlying the protective effect of Tirzepatide (TIR), a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist (GIP-RA)/ GLP-1RA, against learning and memory disorders. METHODS We investigated the effects of TIR on markers of neuronal growth (CREB and BDNF), apoptosis (BAX/Bcl2 ratio) differentiation (pAkt, MAP2, GAP43, and AGBL4), and insulin resistance (GLUT1, GLUT4, GLUT3 and SORBS1) in a neuroblastoma cell line (SHSY5Y) exposed to normal and high glucose concentration. The potential role on DNA methylation of genes involved in neuroprotection and epigenetic modulators of neuronal growth (miRNA 34a), apoptosis (miRNA 212), and differentiation (miRNA 29c) was also investigated. The cell proliferation was detected by measuring Ki-67 through flow cytometry. The data were analysed by SPSS IBM Version 23 or GraphPad Prism 7.0 software and expressed as the means ± SEM. Differences between the mean values were considered significant at a p-value of < 0.05. GraphPad Prism software was used for drawing figures. RESULTS For the first time, it was highlighted: (a) the role of TIR in the activation of the pAkt/CREB/BDNF pathway and the downstream signaling cascade; (b) TIR efficacy in neuroprotection; (c) TIR counteracting of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance-related effects at the neuronal level. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that TIR can ameliorate high glucose-induced neurodegeneration and overcome neuronal insulin resistance. Thus, this study provides new insight into the potential role of TIR in improving diabetes-related neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Taktaz
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Puocci
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Franzese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Federica Feliciano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tortorella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- UniCamillus, International Medical University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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12
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Samir SM, Hassan HM, Elmowafy R, ElNashar EM, Alghamdi MA, AlSheikh MH, Al-Zahrani NS, Alasiri FM, Elhadidy MG. Neuroprotective effect of ranolazine improves behavioral discrepancies in a rat model of scopolamine-induced dementia. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1267675. [PMID: 38323121 PMCID: PMC10845649 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1267675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ranolazine (Rn), an antianginal agent, acts in the central nervous system and has been used as a potential treatment agent for pain and epileptic disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases and the leading factor in dementia in the elderly. Aim We examined the impact of Rn on scopolamine (Sco)-induced dementia in rats. Methods Thirty-two albino male rats were divided into four groups: control, Rn, Sco, and Rn + Sco. Results A significant decrease in the escape latency in the Morris water maze test after pre-treatment with Rn explained better learning and memory in rats. Additionally, Rn significantly upregulated the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in the treated group compared to the Sco group but substantially reduced acetylcholinesterase activity levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, Rn dramatically reduced interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and IL-6 and upregulated the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, in the Sco group, the hippocampal tissue's immunohistochemical reaction of Tau and glial factor activating protein (GFAP) was significantly increased in addition to the upregulation of the Caspase-3 gene expression, which was markedly improved by pre-treatment with Rn. The majority of pyramidal neurons had large vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and appeared to be more or less normal, reflecting the all-beneficial effects of Rn when the hippocampal tissue was examined under a microscope. Conclusion Our findings indicated that Rn, through its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, as well as the control of the expression of GFAP, BDNF, and Tau proteins, has a novel neuroprotective impact against scopolamine-induced dementia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M. Samir
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hend M. Hassan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elmowafy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed ElNashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Hmoud AlSheikh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Saeed Al-Zahrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten Mohammed Alasiri
- Pharmacist in King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital Khamis Mushait, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona G. Elhadidy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Tancheva L, Kalfin R, Minchev B, Uzunova D, Tasheva K, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Alexandrova A, Stefanova M, Solak A, Lazarova M, Hodzhev Y, Grigorova V, Yarkov D, Petkova-Kirova P. Memory Recovery Effect of a New Bioactive Innovative Combination in Rats with Experimental Dementia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2050. [PMID: 38136170 PMCID: PMC10740861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a complex pathological condition, with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction being a few of the many pathological changes. Due to the complexity of the disease, current therapeutic strategies aim at a multitargeted approach, often relying on a combination of substances with versatile and complementary effects. In the present study, a unique combination of α-lipoic acid, citicoline, extracts of leaves from olive tree and green tea, vitamin D3, selenium and an immune-supporting complex was tested in scopolamine-induced dementia in rats. Using behavioral and biochemical methods, we assessed the effects of the combination on learning and memory, and elucidated the mechanisms of these effects. Our results showed that, compared to its components, the experimental combination was most efficient in improving short- and long-term memory as assessed by the step-through method as well as spatial memory as assessed by T-maze and Barnes maze underlined by decreases in AChE activity (p < 0.05) and LPO (p < 0.001), increases in SOD activity in the cortex (p < 0.05) and increases in catalase (p < 0.05) and GPx (p < 0.01) activities and BDNF (p < 0.001) and pCREB (p < 0.05) levels in the hippocampus. No significant histopathological changes or blood parameter changes were detected, making the experimental combination an effective and safe candidate in a multitargeted treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov Str. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Minchev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Diamara Uzunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Krasimira Tasheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Elina Tsvetanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Almira Georgieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Albena Alexandrova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
- National Sports Academy, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Acad. S. Mladenov Str. 21, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslava Stefanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Ayten Solak
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
- Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Cherni Vrah Blvd 53, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Yordan Hodzhev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Yanko Sakazov Blvd 26, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Valya Grigorova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Dobri Yarkov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Polina Petkova-Kirova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
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Zhang N, Jing P. Red Cabbage Anthocyanins Attenuate Cognitive Impairment By Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Regulating Gut Microbiota in Aging Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15064-15072. [PMID: 37781995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Red cabbage anthocyanins may provide health benefits that may be associated with antiaging. The protection of red cabbage anthocyanin-rich extract (ARE) and cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside-rich extract (CY3D5G) against age-related cognitive dysfunction was investigated in normal aging mice (male C57BL/6J, 12 months old) administered orally for 12 weeks. Behavioral tests showed that ARE and CY3D5G significantly decreased cognitive impairment (p < 0.05) and had no effect on motor disorder. ARE and CY3D5G increased superoxide dismutase activity by 29.18 and 23.09% and decreased malondialdehyde by 15.74 and 10.05%, respectively, compared to the control. Histological staining showed that ARE and CY3D5G treatment reduced hippocampal neuronal damage and brain-derived neurotrophic factor degeneration. ARE and CY3D5G significantly reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels in serum and brain (p < 0.05) by promoting the MAPK signaling pathway while enriching the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and altering the functional profile of the microbial community. In conclusion, ARE and CY3D5G may attenuate age-related cognitive dysfunction by reducing neuroinflammation and regulating the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pu Jing
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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15
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Paredes D, Morilak DA. Ventral Hippocampal Input to Infralimbic Cortex Is Necessary for the Therapeutic-Like Effects of Extinction in Stressed Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:529-536. [PMID: 37480574 PMCID: PMC10464924 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by deficits in cognitive flexibility related to dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Exposure therapy can effectively reverse these deficits. Fear extinction in rodents bears similarity to exposure therapy. Extinction reverses chronic stress-induced deficits in cognitive flexibility on the attentional set-shifting test (AST), an mPFC-mediated process. This therapeutic effect requires activity of pyramidal neurons and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in infralimbic cortex (IL). However, the circuit mechanisms governing BDNF-mediated plasticity initiated by extinction in IL are unknown. The ventral hippocampus (vHipp) plays a role in regulating IL activity during extinction, and plasticity in vHipp is necessary for extinction memory consolidation. Therefore, we investigated the role of vHipp input to IL in the effects of extinction in reversing stress-induced cognitive deficits. METHODS vHipp input to IL was silenced using a Gi-Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) via local infusion of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) into IL before extinction. A day later, rats were tested on AST. In a separate experiment, we tested whether vHipp input to the IL induces BDNF signaling to exert therapeutic effects. We activated the vHipp using a Gq-DREADD, and injected an anti-BDNF neutralizing antibody into IL. Rats were tested on the AST 24 hours later. RESULTS Silencing the vHipp input to IL prevented the beneficial effects of extinction in reversing stress-induced cognitive deficits. Activating vHipp input to IL in the absence of extinction was sufficient to reverse stress-induced deficits in set-shifting. The beneficial effects were blocked by local infusion of a neutralizing anti-BDNF antibody into IL. CONCLUSIONS vHipp-driven BDNF signaling in IL is critical for extinction to counteract the deleterious cognitive effects of chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Paredes
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David A Morilak
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
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Colavitta MF, Barrantes FJ. Therapeutic Strategies Aimed at Improving Neuroplasticity in Alzheimer Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2052. [PMID: 37631266 PMCID: PMC10459958 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among elderly people. Owing to its varied and multicausal etiopathology, intervention strategies have been highly diverse. Despite ongoing advances in the field, efficient therapies to mitigate AD symptoms or delay their progression are still of limited scope. Neuroplasticity, in broad terms the ability of the brain to modify its structure in response to external stimulation or damage, has received growing attention as a possible therapeutic target, since the disruption of plastic mechanisms in the brain appear to correlate with various forms of cognitive impairment present in AD patients. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies have attempted to enhance neuroplasticity via different mechanisms, for example, regulating glucose or lipid metabolism, targeting the activity of neurotransmitter systems, or addressing neuroinflammation. In this review, we first describe several structural and functional aspects of neuroplasticity. We then focus on the current status of pharmacological approaches to AD stemming from clinical trials targeting neuroplastic mechanisms in AD patients. This is followed by an analysis of analogous pharmacological interventions in animal models, according to their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F. Colavitta
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA)—National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP-UCA), Facultad de Psicología, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina;
| | - Francisco J. Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA)—National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
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17
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Wang J, Wang J, Wang Y, Chai Y, Li H, Miao D, Liu H, Li J, Bao J. Music with Different Tones Affects the Development of Brain Nerves in Mice in Early Life through BDNF and Its Downstream Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098119. [PMID: 37175826 PMCID: PMC10179650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a means of environmental enrichment, music environment has positive and beneficial effects on biological neural development. Kunming white mice (61 days old) were randomly divided into the control group (group C), the group of D-tone (group D), the group of A-tone (group A) and the group of G-tone (group G). They were given different tonal music stimulation (group A) for 14 consecutive days (2 h/day) to study the effects of tonal music on the neural development of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice in early life and its molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the number of neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice increased, with the cell morphology relatively intact. In addition, the number of dendritic spines and the number of dendritic spines per unit length were significantly higher than those in group C, and the expressions of synaptic plasticity proteins (SYP and PSD95) were also significantly elevated over those in group C. Compared with group C, the expression levels of BDNF, TRKB, CREB, PI3K, AKT, GS3Kβ, PLCγ1, PKC, DAG, ERK and MAPK genes and proteins in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice in the music groups were up-regulated, suggesting that different tones of music could regulate neural development through BDNF and its downstream pathways. The enrichment environment of D-tone music is the most suitable tone for promoting the development of brain nerves in early-life mice. Our study provides a basis for screening the optimal tone of neuroplasticity in early-life mice and for the treatment of neurobiology and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianxing Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yulai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yiwen Chai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haochen Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Deyang Miao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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18
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Ren XQ, Huang X, Xing SY, Long Y, Yuan DH, Hong H, Tang SS. Neuroprotective effects of novel compound FMDB on cognition, neurogenesis and apoptosis in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2023; 165:105510. [PMID: 36893915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the sharp reduction of estrogen is one of the important reasons for the high incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly women, but there is currently no such drug for treatment of AD. Our group first designed and synthesized a novel compound R-9-(4fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-10,10,-Hydrogen-6-hydrogen-benzopyran named FMDB. In this study, our aim is to investigate the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of FMDB in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. 6 months old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were intragastrical administered with FMDB (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) every other day for 8 weeks. LV-ERβ-shRNA was injected bilaterally into the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice to knockdown estrogen receptor β (ERβ). We found that FMDB ameliorated cognitive impairment in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests, increased hippocampal neurogenesis and prevented hippocampal apoptotic responses in APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, FMDB activated nuclear ERβ mediated CBP/p300, CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, and membrane ERβ mediated PI3K/Akt, CREB and BDNF signaling in the hippocampus. Our study demonstrated the contributions and mechanism of FMDB to cognition, neurogenesis and apoptosis in APP/PS1 mice. These lay the experimental foundation for the development of new anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Yun Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Hua Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Trinh S, Keller L, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J. The role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 151:106069. [PMID: 36878115 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor belonging to the neurotrophin family which plays a pivotal role in the differentiation, survival, and plasticity of neurons in the central nervous system. Evidence suggests that BDNF is an important signal molecule in the regulation of energy balance and thus implicated in body weight control. The discovery of BDNF-expressing neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus which is important in the regulation of energy intake, physical activity, and thermogenesis gives more evidence to the suggested participation of BDNF in eating behavior. Until now it remains questionable whether BDNF can be used as a reliable biomarker for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN) as available findings on BDNF levels in patients with AN are ambiguous. AN is an eating disorder characterized by a pathological low body weight in combination with a body image disturbance typically developing during adolescence. A severe drive for thinness leads to restrictive eating behavior often accompanied by physical hyperactivity. During therapeutic weight restoration an increase of BDNF expression levels seems desirable as it might improve neuronal plasticity and survival which is essential for learning processes and thereby essential for the success of the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients. On the contrary, the well-known anorexigenic effect of BDNF might favor relapse in patients as soon as the BDNF levels significantly increase during weight rehabilitation. The present review summarizes the association between BDNF and general eating behavior and especially focuses on the eating disorder AN. In this regard findings from preclinical AN studies (activity-based anorexia model) are outlined as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Trinh
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Lara Keller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
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20
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Thakkar B, Acevedo EO. BDNF as a biomarker for neuropathic pain: Consideration of mechanisms of action and associated measurement challenges. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2903. [PMID: 36722793 PMCID: PMC10013954 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective of this paper is to (1) provide a summary of human studies that have used brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker, (2) review animal studies that help to elucidate the mechanistic involvement of BDNF in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain (NP), and (3) provide a critique of the existing measurement techniques to highlight the limitations of the methods utilized to quantify BDNF in different biofluids in the blood (i.e., serum and plasma) with the intention of presenting a case for the most reliable and valid technique. Lastly, this review also explores potential moderators that can influence the measurement of BDNF and provides recommendations to standardize its quantification to reduce the inconsistencies across studies. METHODS In this manuscript we examined the literature on BDNF, focusing on its role as a biomarker, its mechanism of action in NP, and critically analyzed its measurement in serum and plasma to identify factors that contribute to the discrepancy in results between plasma and serum BDNF values. RESULTS A large heterogenous literature was reviewed that detailed BDNF's utility as a potential biomarker in healthy volunteers, patients with chronic pain, and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders but demonstrated inconsistent findings. The literature provides insight into the mechanism of action of BDNF at different levels of the central nervous system using animal studies. We identified multiple factors that influence the measurement of BDNF in serum and plasma and based on current evidence, we recommend assessing serum BDNF levels to quantify peripheral BDNF as they are more stable and sensitive to changes than plasma BDNF. CONCLUSION Although mechanistic studies clearly explain the role of BDNF, results from human studies are inconsistent. More studies are needed to evaluate the methodological challenges in using serum BDNF as a biomarker in NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Thakkar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Edmund O Acevedo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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21
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Silva-Reis SC, Sampaio-Dias IE, Costa VM, Correia XC, Costa-Almeida HF, García-Mera X, Rodríguez-Borges JE. Concise Overview of Glypromate Neuropeptide Research: From Chemistry to Pharmacological Applications in Neurosciences. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:554-572. [PMID: 36735764 PMCID: PMC9936549 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a serious health concern worldwide, with a particular incidence in developed countries as a result of life expectancy increase and the absence of restorative treatments. Presently, treatments for these neurological conditions are focused on managing the symptoms and/or slowing down their progression. As so, the research on novel neuroprotective drugs is of high interest. Glypromate (glycyl-l-prolyl-l-glutamic acid, also known as GPE), an endogenous small peptide widespread in the brain, holds great promise to tackle neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's, s well as other CNS-related disorders like Rett and Down's syndromes. However, the limited pharmacokinetic properties of Glypromate hinder its clinical application. As such, intense research has been devoted to leveraging the pharmacokinetic profile of this neuropeptide. This review aims to offer an updated perspective on Glypromate research by exploring the vast array of chemical derivatizations of more than 100 analogs described in the literature over the past two decades. The collection and discussion of the most relevant structure-activity relationships will hopefully guide the discovery of new Glypromate-based neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Silva-Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal,UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal,
| | - Vera M. Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal,Associate
Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xavier Cruz Correia
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo F. Costa-Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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22
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Nishikawa Y, Sakaguchi H, Kawade S, Maeda N, Tanaka S, Hyngstrom A. Electrical muscle stimulation in young adults: effect of muscle volume on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:361-366. [PMID: 36301337 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is known to be effective at stimulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, but the relationship between the volume of muscle stimulated and BDNF levels is not clear. The purpose of this study was to quantify BDNF as a function of muscle volume stimulated in young adults. METHODS Twelve young adults (male, n = 9, age = 27.3 ± 5.5 years) were enrolled in this study. Participants completed three testing conditions in randomized order: 23 min of maximum tolerated bilateral stimulation of (1) the quadriceps muscle or (2) the musculature of the entire lower limbs and (3) control testing and retesting after 23 min without an intervention. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 20 min after, and 40 min after the intervention when EMS was applied to the thighs or the entire lower limb conditions. Serum obtained from blood collection was used for BDNF analysis. RESULTS The delta value of BDNF for the test and retest in the control condition was - 42.1 ± 73.8 pg/mL, and there was no significant difference between the test and retest BDNF. Compared to stimulation of the quadriceps muscle, stimulation of the entire lower limbs produced significantly higher BDNF at 20 min post-treatment than those at pre-treatment or 40 min post-treatment, and BDNF was also significantly higher immediately post-treatment than those at pre-treatment. Only stimulation of the quadriceps muscle did not induce a significant change between pre- and post-treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the volume of muscle stimulation is important for increased BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nishikawa
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science & Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Maeda
- Division of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tanaka
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science & Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Allison Hyngstrom
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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23
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Wen J, Wang Y, Wang C, Yuan M, Chen F, Zou Q, Cai Z, Zhao B. Dietary High-Fat Promotes Cognitive Impairment by Suppressing Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4822767. [PMID: 36718278 PMCID: PMC9884172 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4822767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dietary habits contribute to the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive impairment, which are partly induced by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau, a microtubule-associated protein. In mice, a fat-rich diet facilitates cognitive dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which dietary fat damages the brain remains unclear. In this study, 13-month-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months. Neuro-2a cells were incubated with the normal medium or palmitic acid (200 μM). Spatial memory was assessed utilizing a behavioral test. Further, western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques were used to determine the levels of mitophagy-related proteins. The synaptic morphology and phosphorylation of Tau proteins were also evaluated. Administration of HFD decreased the expression of synaptophysin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, leading to significant damage to neurons. Tau protein hyperphosphorylation was detected at different loci both in vivo and in vitro. Significantly impaired learning and memory abilities, accompanied by impaired mitophagy-related processes, were observed in mice fed with HFD as compared to mice fed with normal food. In conclusion, high fatty-acid intake hinders mitophagy and upregulates Tau protein phosphorylation, including age-related synaptic dysfunction, which leads to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Chuanling Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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24
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Warpechowski M, Warpechowski J, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Mroczko B. Biomarkers of Activity-Dependent Plasticity and Persistent Enhancement of Synaptic Transmission in Alzheimer Disease: A Review of the Current Status. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e938826. [PMID: 36600577 PMCID: PMC9832729 DOI: 10.12659/msm.938826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex pathological processes involving neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction. Understanding the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying AD pathology may help to provide a biomarker for early diagnosis or at least for assessment of vulnerability to dementia development. Neural plasticity is defined as a capability of the brain to respond to alterations including aging, injury, or learning, with a crucial role of synaptic elements. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are important in regulating synaptic connections between neural cells in functional plasticity. Synaptic loss and impairment of the brain's plasticity in AD leads to cognitive impairment, and one of important roles of synaptic biomarkers is monitoring synaptic dysfunction, response to treatment, and predicting future development of AD. Synaptic biomarkers are undoubtedly very promising in developing novel approach to AD treatment and control, especially in the era of aging of societies, which is one of the most common risk factor of AD. Implementing a widespread measurement of synaptic biomarkers of AD will probably be crucial in early diagnosis of AD, early therapeutic intervention, monitoring progression of the disease, or response to treatment. One of the most important challenges is finding a biomarker whose blood concentration correlates with its level in the central nervous system (CNS). This review aims to present the current status of biomarkers of activity-dependent plasticity and persistent enhancement of synaptic transmission in Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Warpechowski
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland,Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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25
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Haavik H, Niazi IK, Amjad I, Kumari N, Rashid U, Duehr J, Navid MS, Trager RJ, Shafique M, Holt K. The Effects of Four Weeks of Chiropractic Spinal Adjustments on Blood Biomarkers in Adults with Chronic Stroke: Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247493. [PMID: 36556107 PMCID: PMC9786914 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain blood biomarkers are associated with neural protection and neural plasticity in healthy people and individuals with prior brain injury. To date, no studies have evaluated the effects chiropractic care on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in people with stroke. This manuscript reports pre-specified, exploratory, secondary outcomes from a previously completed parallel group randomized controlled trial. We evaluated differences between four weeks of chiropractic spinal adjustments combined with the usual physical therapy (chiro + PT) and sham chiropractic with physical therapy (sham + PT) on resting serum BDNF, IGF-II and GDNF in 63 adults with chronic stroke. Blood samples were assessed at baseline, four weeks (post-intervention), and eight weeks (follow-up). Data were analyzed using a linear multivariate mixed effects model. Within both groups there was a significant decrease in the mean log-concentration of BDNF and IGF-II at each follow-up, and significant increase log-concentration of GDNF at eight-weeks' follow-up. However, no significant between-group differences in any of the blood biomarkers at each time-point were found. Further research is required to explore which factors influence changes in serum BDNF, IGF-II and GDNF following chiropractic spinal adjustments and physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Imran Amjad
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Nitika Kumari
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Usman Rashid
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jens Duehr
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Samran Navid
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Trager
- Connor Whole Health, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Muhammad Shafique
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Kelly Holt
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
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Lian B, Gu J, Zhang C, Zou Z, Yu M, Li F, Wu X, Zhao AZ. Protective effects of isofraxidin against scopolamine-induced cognitive and memory impairments in mice involve modulation of the BDNF-CREB-ERK signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2751-2762. [PMID: 35921056 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isofraxidin is a coumarin compound mainly isolated from several traditional and functional edible plants beneficial for neurodegenerative diseases, including Sarcandra glabra and Apium graveolens, and Siberian Ginseng. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess effects of isofraxidin against memory impairments and cognition deficits in a scopolamine-induced mouse model. MATERIALS & METHODS Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups, control, vehicle, donepezil (10 mg/kg, p.o.), and isofraxidin (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o.). Isofraxidin or donepezil was administered for 44 days, once per day. The scopolamine insults (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was given from the 21st day, once per day. Morris water maze test and Y-maze test were used for the behavioral test. After that, brain samples were collected for analysis. RESULTS Firstly, isofraxidin significantly improved scopolamine-induced behavioral impairments and cognition deficits in Morris water maze and Y-maze test. Then, isofraxidin facilitated cholinergic activity via inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Besides, isofraxidin decreased lipid peroxidation level but enhanced levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, isofraxidin suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Further investigations showed that isofraxidin up-regulated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and promoted phosphorylation of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that isofraxidin ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive and memory impairments, possibly through regulating AChE activity, suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and modulating BDNF-CREB-ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Lian
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Gu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Allan Zijian Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Liu H, Liu Y, Shi M, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Xia Y. Meta-analysis of sugar-sweetened beverage intake and the risk of cognitive disorders. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:177-185. [PMID: 35780967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies revealed inconsistent associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and cognitive disorders, but there have been no meta-analyses of the pooled results. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the association between SSB consumption and cognitive disorders. METHODS A systematic search of the literature prior to May 20, 2022 was performed using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Random effects models were used to calculate and combine odds ratios (ORs) depending on the degree of heterogeneity. RESULTS 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 242,014 participants (2752 in three cross-sectional studies and 239,262 in ten cohort studies) were included. A random effects meta-analysis, according to the comprehensive analysis of SSB consumption, was associated with a greater prevalence of cognitive disorders (OR = 1.17, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.29; I2 = 90.1 %). Subgroup analyses of study design, type of SSB, or cognitive disorders outcome was performed. In subgroup analyses, we found that SSB intake was associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive disorders in cohort studies, middle-aged and elderly population, and participants with sugar-sweetened soft drinks. However, no significant association was found in other subgroups. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that SSB intake is positively associated with the prevalence of cognitive disorders. Therefore, attention should be paid to reducing SSB intake as an early intervention for cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yashu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyuan Shi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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28
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Tahmasbi F, Mirghafourvand M, Shamekh A, Mahmoodpoor A, Sanaie S. Effects of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in elderly: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1778-1786. [PMID: 34428991 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1966743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Probiotic supplementation has been linked to changes in cognitive function via the gut-brain axis (GBA). However, the current literature lacks a comprehensive review regarding this matter in the elderly population. METHOD Electronic databases including Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched for identifying studies that assessed the effects of probiotics on the cognitive function of the elderly published until July 2020. Articles were critically reviewed and if met the inclusion criteria, entered the study. RESULTS Among a total of 1374 studies, 10 were eligible for meta-analysis. No significant alteration was found in the cognition of the elderly (SMD=-0.04; 95% CI [- 1.07,0.98]; P = 0.93). There was a nonsignificant increase in the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (SMD = 0.58; 95% CI [-1.40,2.56]; P = 0.56) and a nonsignificant reduction in malondialdehyde levels (SMD=-0.44; 95% CI [-1.07,0.19]; P = 0.17). Levels of total antioxidant capacity (SMD = 39.93; 95% CI [2.92,76.95]; P = 0.03) and total glutathione (SMD = 61.51; 95% CI [12.39,110.62]; P = 0.01) significantly increased. A significant reduction was also noted in total cholesterol levels (SMD=-4.23; 95% CI [-8.32, -0.14]; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our study did not support the hypothesis of the positive effect of probiotics on cognitive function in the elderly population; which might be due to the heterogeneity across the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tahmasbi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Midwifery Department, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Riyahi J, Abdoli B, Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Khatami L, Meftahi GH, Haghparast A. Multigenerational effects of paternal spatial training are lasting in the F1 and F2 male offspring. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:342-354. [PMID: 35502983 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on intergenerational transmission of learning and memory performances demonstrated that parental spatial training before fertilization could facilitate learning and memory in the offspring, but many questions remain unclarified. Essential issues regarding whether and how long the effects of parental training in a task can last in several generations, and whether learning a task repeated in the successive generations can enhance a load of multigenerational effects. In the present study, the spatial performances of F1 and F2 generations of male offspring of fathers or grandfathers spatially trained in the Morris Water Maze were evaluated and compared with the performance of a control sample matched for age and sex. Further, to investigate the memory process in F1 and F2 male offspring, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), p-ERK1/2 and acetylated histone 3 lysine 14 (H3K14) expression levels in the hippocampus were analyzed. The findings showed that paternal training reduced escape latencies and increased time spent in the target quadrant by F1 and F2 male offspring. Besides, paternal spatial training repeated in two generations did not enhance the beneficial effects on offspring's spatial performances. These findings were supported by neurobiologic data showing that paternal training increased BDNF and p-ERK1/2 in the hippocampus of F1 and F2 male offspring. Furthermore, the hippocampal level of acetylated H3K14 increased in the offspring of spatially trained fathers, reinforcing the hypothesis that the augmented histone acetylation might play an essential role in the inheritance of spatial competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Riyahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
| | - Behrouz Abdoli
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Leila Khatami
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ueno H, Takahashi Y, Murakami S, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Fingolimod increases parvalbumin-positive neurons in adult mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:96-106. [PMID: 36590091 PMCID: PMC9795291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been shown that central nervous system agents, such as antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs, reopen a critical period in mature animals. Fingolimod, which is used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, also restores neuroplasticity. In this study, we investigated the effects of parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons and perineuronal nets (PNN) on fingolimod administration with respect to neuroplasticity. Fingolimod was chronically administered intraperitoneally to mature mice. PV-positive neurons and PNN in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory cortex were analyzed. An increase in PV-positive neurons was observed in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory cortex of the fingolimod-treated mice. An increase in Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive PNN was confirmed in mice treated with fingolimod in the somatosensory cortex only. Fingolimod increased the density of PV-positive neurons in the brains of mature mice. The results indicate that fingolimod may change the critical period in mature animals.
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Key Words
- CNS, central nervous system
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Fingolimod
- GAD67, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- Hippocampus
- IL, infralimbic cortex
- NIH, National Institutes of Health, PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PL, prelimbic cortex
- PNN, perineuronal net
- PV neurons, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons
- Parvalbumin
- Perineuronal nets
- Prefrontal cortex
- Somatosensory cortex
- WFA, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin
- dAC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki 701–0193, Japan,Correspondence to: Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701–0193, Japan, 193.
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700–8558, Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700–8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
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Tacke C, DiStefano PS, Lindsay RM, Metzdorf K, Zagrebelsky M, Korte M. Actions of the TrkB Agonist Antibody ZEB85 in Regulating the Architecture and Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampal Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:945348. [PMID: 35845610 PMCID: PMC9280622 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.945348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling of BDNF via its TrkB receptor is crucial in regulating several critical aspects of the architecture and function of neurons both during development and in the adult central nervous system. Indeed, several neurological conditions, such as neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders are associated with alterations both in the expression levels of BDNF and TrkB, and in their intracellular signaling. Thus, the possibility of promoting BDNF/TrkB signaling has become relevant as a potential therapeutic intervention for neurological disorders. However, the clinical potential of BDNF itself has been limited due to its restricted diffusion rate in biological tissue, poor bioavailability and pharmacological properties, as well as the potential for unwanted side effects due to its ability to also signal via the p75NTR pathway. Several small molecule and biologic drug candidate TrkB agonists have been developed and are reported to have effects in rescuing both the pathological alterations and disease related symptoms in mouse models of several neurological diseases. However, recent side-by-side comparative studies failed to show their specificity for activating TrkB signaling cascades, suggesting the need for the generation and validation of improved candidates. In the present study, we examine the ability of the novel, fully human TrkB agonist antibody ZEB85 to modulate the architecture, activity and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal murine neurons under physiological conditions. Moreover, we show here that ZEB85 prevents β-amyloid toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons, in a manner which is comparable to BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Tacke
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Charlotte Tacke,
| | | | | | - Kristin Metzdorf
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration (AG NIND), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marta Zagrebelsky
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Marta Zagrebelsky,
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration (AG NIND), Braunschweig, Germany
- Martin Korte,
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Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Kuszta P, Baj J, Dobrowolska B, Markiewicz R. Can Neuropeptide S Be an Indicator for Assessing Anxiety in Psychiatric Disorders? Front Public Health 2022; 10:872430. [PMID: 35558538 PMCID: PMC9087177 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide primarily produced within three brainstem regions including locus coeruleus, trigeminal nerve nucleus, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. NPS is involved in the central regulation of stress, fear, and cognitive integration. NPS is a mediator of behavior, seeking food, and the proliferation of new adipocytes in the setting of obesity. So far, current research of NPS is only limited to animal models; data regarding its functions in humans is still scarce. Animal studies showed that anxiety and appetite might be suppressed by the action of NPS. The discovery of this neuromodulator peptide is effective considering its strong anxiolytic action, which has the potential to be an interesting therapeutic option in treating neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article, we aimed to analyze the pharmaceutical properties of NPS as well as its influence on several neurophysiological aspects-modulation of behavior, association with obesity, as well as its potential application in rehabilitation and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Kuszta
- Students Scientific Association at the Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Dobrowolska
- Department of Holistic Care and Management in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Markiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Liu K, Li L, Liu Z, Li G, Wu Y, Jiang X, Wang M, Chang Y, Jiang T, Luo J, Zhu J, Li H, Wang Y. Acute Administration of Metformin Protects Against Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of the AMPK/CREB/BDNF Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832611. [PMID: 35431946 PMCID: PMC9010658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line anti-diabetic agent with a powerful hypoglycemic effect. Several studies have reported that metformin can improve the prognosis of stroke patients and that this effect is independent of its hypoglycemic effect; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this research, we explored the effect and specific mechanism of metformin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by constructing a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in vivo and a glucose and oxygen deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in vitro. The results of the in vivo experiments showed that acute treatment with low-dose metformin (10 mg/kg) ameliorated cerebral edema, reduced the cerebral infarction volume, improved the neurological deficit score, and ameliorated neuronal apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra. Moreover, metformin up-regulated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and increased phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in the ischemia penumbra. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned effects of metformin were reversed by Compound C. The results of the in vitro experiments showed that low metformin concentrations (20 μM) could reduce apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under OGD/R conditions and promote cell proliferation. Moreover, metformin could further promote BDNF expression and release in HUVECs under OGD/R conditions via the AMPK/CREB pathway. The Transwell chamber assay showed that HUVECs treated with metformin could reduce apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells under OGD/R conditions and this effect could be partially reversed by transfection of BDNF siRNA in HUVECs. In summary, our results suggest that metformin upregulates the level of BDNF in the cerebral ischemic penumbra via the AMPK/CREB pathway, thereby playing a protective effect in cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmin Chang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongge Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongge Li, ; Yong Wang,
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongge Li, ; Yong Wang,
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Arozal W, Purwoningsih E, Lee HJ, Barinda AJ, Munim A. Effects of Moringa oleifera in Two Independents Formulation and as Neuroprotective Agent Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:799127. [PMID: 35299766 PMCID: PMC8922057 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.799127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cognitive deficit has frequently been found in the elderly population. Several studies have shown that every single part of Moringa oleifera, including leaves, roots, and seeds, has abundant micronutrients, such as flavonoids, which improve the neurobehavioral capacity. However, herb parts that display optimal neuropharmacological properties remain unknown. Objective We investigate whether M. oleifera seed oil (MOO) or aqueous M. oleifera leaves extracts (MOEs) may ameliorate memory impairment in mice induced with scopolamine (Sco). Additionally, the phytochemical analyses of those two independent formulations were analyzed. Methods In this study, 2 ml/kg body weight (BW) of MOO and 500 mg/kg BW of MOE were orally administered to the mice for 28 days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of Sco (1 mg/kg) at the day 22–28 to induce cognitive impairment in those mice. Results The Sco group showed memory retention impairment represented by the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests, significant enhancement of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus tissue (p < 0.0001), and increased the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in serum. Interestingly, the Sco-induced memory defect was improved and completely blunted the AChE exacerbation in Sco+MOO-treated mice (p < 0.0001), although the TAOC level was comparable among the groups. Mechanistically, both tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), as a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-receptor, and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) protein expressions were enhanced with the hippocampus isolated from the Sco group. Nonetheless, pretreatment with MOO only, but not with MOE, ameliorated the enhanced protein expression levels of TrkB and NF-κB (p < 0.05 and p = 0.09, respectively). Conclusion Our data reveal that MOO is preferable to MOE as a neuroprotective as evidenced by improving memory impairment. This effect, at least in part, through inhibiting the AChE and NF-κB activities and modulating the TrkB expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Wawaimuli Arozal ;
| | - Emni Purwoningsih
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Agian Jeffilano Barinda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Munim
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Jacob N, So I, Sharma B, Marzolini S, Tartaglia MC, Green R. Effects of high-intensity interval training on blood lactate levels and cognition in healthy adults: protocol for systematic review and network meta-analyses. Syst Rev 2022; 11:31. [PMID: 35183245 PMCID: PMC8858554 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown to confer cognitive benefits in healthy adults, via a mechanism purportedly driven by the exercise metabolite lactate. However, our understanding of the exercise parameters (e.g., work interval duration, session volume, work-to-rest ratio) that evoke a peak blood lactate response in healthy adults is limited. Moreover, evidence relating HIIT-induced blood lactate and cognitive performance has yet to be reviewed and analyzed. The primary objective of this systematic review is to use network meta-analyses to compare the relative impact of different HIIT work-interval durations, session volumes, and work-to-rest ratios on post-exercise blood lactate response in healthy adults. The secondary objective is to determine the relationship between HIIT-induced blood lactate and acute post-HIIT cognitive performance. METHODS A systematic review is being conducted to identify studies measuring blood lactate response following one session of HIIT in healthy adults. The search was carried out in (1) MEDLINE, (2) EMBASE, (3) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, (4) Sport Discus, and (5) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus with Full Text (CINAHL+). After abstract and full-text screening, two reviewers will independently extract data on key outcomes variables and complete risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool. Network meta-analyses will be used to generate estimates of the comparative effectiveness of blood lactate on cognitive outcomes using corresponding rankings for each work-interval duration, session volume, and work-to-rest ratio category. Where applicable, meta-regressions analyses will be performed to test the relationship between changes in the blood lactate and changes in cognitive performance. Analyses will be conducted using MetaInsight Software. DISCUSSION This study will provide evidence on how to structure a HIIT protocol to elicit peak blood lactate response in healthy adults and will increase our understanding of the relationship between HIIT-induced blood lactate response and associated cognitive benefits. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020204400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Jacob
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Isis So
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Susan Marzolini
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Kembril Research Institute, Toronto Western-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Robin Green
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
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Fazeli PL, Woods SP, Lambert CC, Li W, Hopkins CN, Vance DE. Differential Associations Between BDNF and Memory Across Older Black and White Adults With HIV Disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 89:129-135. [PMID: 34629411 PMCID: PMC8752478 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) shows consistent associations with memory across many clinical populations, including dementia. Less is understood about the association between BDNF and memory functioning in people living with HIV (PWH). METHODS A sample of 173 adults aged 50+ (n = 100 HIV+ and n = 73 HIV seronegative) completed a comprehensive neurobehavioral assessment and blood draw. Linear regressions predicting memory domains (learning, delayed recall, and recognition) were conducted including race (White vs. Black/African American), HIV status, BDNF, and their interactions. RESULTS For learning and delayed recall, significant (P < 0.05) main effects for race and interactions for BDNF x race and HIV status x race were found, whereas for recognition, only a BDNF x race interaction emerged. In adjusted models, BDNF x race interactions remained for learning and delayed recall. To determine effect size, correlations were conducted between BDNF and memory domains stratified by HIV serostatus and race, and small-medium associations between BDNF and learning and delayed recall (rho = 0.29, P < 0.01; rho = 0.22, P = 0.045), but no recognition (rho = 0.12, P = 0.29) were found among Black/African American PWH. BDNF was not significantly associated with memory domains in White PWH or either HIV- sample. Follow-up analyses showed BDNF-memory specificity, such that race X BDNF interactions did not emerge for other cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS While limited by cross-sectional design among a small sample, particularly of White individuals, results indicate that BDNF may serve as a promising biomarker reflecting memory functioning in PWH, particularly Black/African Americans. Further work is needed to replicate findings and determine mechanisms for racial differences in BDNF associations with memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya L. Fazeli
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Wei Li
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cierra N. Hopkins
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David E. Vance
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Virtuoso A, Tveden-Nyborg P, Schou-Pedersen AMV, Lykkesfeldt J, Müller HK, Elfving B, Sørensen DB. A Long-Term Energy-Rich Diet Increases Prefrontal BDNF in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010126. [PMID: 35011001 PMCID: PMC8746649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings of the effect of high-fat feeding including “Cafeteria Diets” (CAF) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in rodents are conflicting. CAF is a non-standardized, highly palatable energy-rich diet composed by everyday food items for human consumption and is known to induce metabolic syndrome and obesity in rats. However, the highly palatable nature of CAF may counteract a negative effect of chronic stress on anticipatory behavior and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, hence represent a confounding factor (e.g., when evaluating functional effects on the brain). This study investigated the effects of a chronic, restricted access to CAF on BDNF, monoamine neurotransmitters, and redox imbalance in HIP and PFC in male rats. Our results show that CAF induced BDNF and its receptor TrkB in PFC compared to the controls (p < 0.0005). No differences in monoamine neurotransmitters were detected in either PFC or HIP. CAF increased dehydroascorbic acid and decreased malondialdehyde in PFC (p < 0.05), suggesting an early redox imbalance insufficient to induce lipid peroxidation. This study supports that a chronic CAF on a restricted schedule increases BDNF levels in the PFC of rats, highlighting that this may be a suboptimal feeding regime when investigating the effects of diet-induced obesity in the brain and emphasizing this as a point of attention when comparing the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Virtuoso
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
| | - Anne Marie Voigt Schou-Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (H.K.M.); (B.E.)
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (H.K.M.); (B.E.)
| | - Dorte Bratbo Sørensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang D, Huang C, Xu J, Liu C, Yang C. Muscle-brain communication in pain: The key role of myokines. Brain Res Bull 2021; 179:25-35. [PMID: 34871710 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pain is the most common reason for a physician visit, which accounts for a considerable proportion of the global burden of disease and greatly affects patients' quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets involved in pain. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a well known phenomenon observed worldwide. However, the available evidence demonstrates that the mechanisms of EIH remain unclear. One of the most accepted hypotheses has been the activation of several endogenous systems in the brain. Recently, the concept that the muscle acts as a secretory organ has attracted increasing attention. Proteins secreted by the muscle are called myokines, playing a critical role in communicating with other organs, such as the brain. This review will focus on several myokines and discuss their roles in EIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zifeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chaoli Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cunming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Esnafoglu E, Adıgüzel Ö. Association of BDNF levels with IQ: comparison of S100B and BDNF levels in typically developing children and subjects with neurologically normal nonsyndromic intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:1073-1084. [PMID: 34750906 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100B are reported to play an important role in neurodevelopment and may contribute to developmental pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible roles of BDNF and S100B in the pathogenesis of nonsyndromic intellectual disability (NS-ID) and their relationship with cognitive performance. METHODS Thirty-three patients with intellectual disability (ID) and 30 typically developing children were compared. BDNF and S100B serum levels were measured with ELISA. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised Short form (WISC-R) and Leiter intelligence test were administered to determine the intelligence levels of subjects. Leiter intelligence test was applied to 10 participants (30.31%) in the ID group because they had speech and communication problems. All other participants underwent WISC-R. RESULTS Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were found to be significantly low in the patient group (mean ± SD, 67.43 ± 29.74 pg/mL) compared with the control group (94.67 ± 32.55 pg/mL) (P = 0.002). When S100B is assessed, there was no significant difference found between the patient group (335.05 ± 279.89 pg/mL) and control group (295.30 ± 146.55 pg/mL) (P = 0.901). There was a significant positive correlation between BDNF and performance IQ (r = 0.424 and P = 0.001) in all participants. In addition, positive correlations were found between BDNF levels and initiating speech time (r = -0.369 and P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Brain-derived neurotrophic factor deficiency is proposed to have a possible role in the pathology of NS-ID. High BDNF levels may be associated with better cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Esnafoglu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Ö Adıgüzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Spartano NL, Himali JJ, Trinquart L, Yang Q, Weinstein G, Satizabal CL, Dukes KA, Beiser AS, Murabito JM, Vasan RS, Seshadri S. Accelerometer-Measured, Habitual Physical Activity and Circulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:805-814. [PMID: 34864673 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the mechanisms suggested to link physical activity (PA) to favorable brain health is through stimulation of neural growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Acute bouts of PA stimulate circulating BDNF levels. OBJECTIVE In this investigation, we assessed whether habitual, accelerometer-measured PA levels were related to circulating BDNF levels in a middle-aged cohort. METHODS In the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation cohort, 1,769 participants provided reliable accelerometry data and were not missing BDNF measurement and platelet counts. In a cross-sectional analysis, using multivariable regression, we related PA measures to serum BDNF levels, adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, platelet count, depression status, and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS Our study participants (mean age 47±9 years, 50.8% women) spent an average of 22.3 mins/day moderate-to-vigorous (MV)PA. Most PA variables (steps, MVPA, light activity, and sedentary time) were not related to BDNF levels (p > 0.05). We observed a non-linear trend, where 15-50 mins/week vigorous activity was associated with lower BDNF compared to those with 0 min vigorous activity (β= -0.049±0.024, p = 0.05), but with no significant associations at lower or higher vigorous activity levels. In smokers, MVPA was also associated with lower BDNF levels (β= -0.216±0.079, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our study reveals that circulating BDNF is not chronically elevated in individuals with higher levels of habitual PA in middle-aged adults from the community and may even be chronically suppressed with higher PA in subgroups, including current smokers. These results do not contradict previous studies demonstrating that circulating BDNF rises acutely after PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Spartano
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston, MA, USA.,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dukes
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA.,Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analysis Center, BUSPH, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, BUSM and BUSPH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, BUSM and BUSPH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA.,Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Tang SS, Xing SY, Zhang XJ, Ren XQ, Hong H, Long Y. Neuroprotective effects of novel compound Tozan on cognition, neurogenesis and apoptosis in diabetes. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1471. [PMID: 34734023 PMCID: PMC8506716 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is a serious complication of diabetes that manifests as an impairment of spatial memory and learning ability. Its pathogenesis is unclear, and effective therapeutic drugs are very limited. Our group designed and synthesized a novel compound named 3-p-tolyl-9H-xanthen-9-one (Tozan). In this study, we sought to investigate the effects and mechanism of Tozan on diabetic cognitive impairment. Methods Methylglyoxal (MG)-induced SH-SY5Y cells and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice were treated with Tozan. Methyl thiazolul tetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were used to test cytotoxicity. Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests were used to evaluate cognitive function. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were used to evaluate neurogenesis, apoptosis, and signal transduction pathway-related proteins. In addition, Lentivirus (LV)-estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)-ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) was used to knockdown the ERβ gene in SH-SY5Y cells. Results We found that Tozan ameliorated MG-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, improved cognitive dysfunction in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice, increased neurogenesis, and prevented apoptotic responses in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, Tozan (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg) mediated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and protein kinase B cAMP-response element binding protein (PI3K/Akt-CREB) signaling by activating membrane ERβ, and a high dose of Tozan (8 mg/kg) mediated CREB signaling by activating nuclear ERβ in the hippocampus. Notably, Tozan did not have an anti-apoptosis and regeneration protective role in ERβ gene knockdown cells. Conclusions Our study demonstrates Tozan’s contributions to and role in cognition, neurogenesis, and apoptosis in diabetes, and lays an experimental foundation for the development of new anti-diabetic cognitive impairment drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Yun Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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42
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Pei W, Meng F, Deng Q, Zhang B, Gu Y, Jiao B, Xu H, Tan J, Zhou X, Li Z, He G, Ruan J, Ding Y. Electroacupuncture promotes the survival and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons and improvement of sleep deprivation-induced spatial memory impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1472-1482. [PMID: 34623740 PMCID: PMC8611786 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) promotes the survival and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons by activating brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase (TrkB)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) signaling, thereby improving spatial memory deficits in rats under SD. Methods In vivo, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to detect the effect of EA on learning and memory, at the same time Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to explore the plasticity of hippocampal neurons and synapses, and the expression of BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling. In vitro, cultured hippocampal neurons were treated with exogenous BDNF and the TrkB inhibitor K252a to confirm the relationship between BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling and synaptic plasticity. Results Our results showed that EA mitigated the loss of hippocampal neurons and synapses, stimulated hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved learning and memory of rats under SD accompanied by upregulation of BDNF and increased phosphorylation of TrkB and Erk. In cultured hippocampal neurons, exogenous BDNF enhanced the expression of synaptic proteins, the frequency of the postsynaptic currents, and the phosphorylation of TrkB and Erk; these effects were reversed by treatment with K252a. Conclusions Electroacupuncture alleviates SD‐induced spatial memory impairment by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity via activation of BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling, which provided evidence for EA as a therapeutic strategy for countering the adverse effects of SD on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Pei
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baobao Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Guangzhou Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyu Jiao
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuqing Tan
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanheng He
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Ruan
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ma X, Vuyyuru H, Munsch T, Endres T, Lessmann V, Meis S. ProBDNF Dependence of LTD and Fear Extinction Learning in the Amygdala of Adult Mice. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1350-1364. [PMID: 34470044 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are secreted proteins that control survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. While mature neurotrophins regulate these functions via tyrosine kinase signaling (Trk), uncleaved pro-neurotrophins bind preferentially to the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and often exert opposite effects to those of mature neurotrophins. In the amygdala, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enables long-term potentiation as well as fear and fear extinction learning. In the present study, we focused on the impact of mature BDNF and proBDNF signaling on long-term depression (LTD) in the lateral amygdala (LA). Hence, we conducted extracellular field potential recordings in an in vitro slice preparation and recorded LTD in cortical and thalamic afferents to the LA. LTD was unchanged by acute block of BDNF/TrkB signaling. In contrast, LTD was inhibited by blocking p75NTR signaling, by disinhibition of the proteolytic cleavage of proBDNF into mature BDNF, and by preincubation with a function-blocking anti-proBDNF antibody. Since LTD-like processes in the amygdala are supposed to be related to fear extinction learning, we locally inhibited p75NTR signaling in the amygdala during or after fear extinction training, resulting in impaired fear extinction memory. Overall, these results suggest that in the amygdala proBDNF/p75NTR signaling plays a pivotal role in LTD and fear extinction learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Ma
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Harish Vuyyuru
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Munsch
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Endres
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Meis
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Purushothaman B, Sumathi T. Research Paper5,6,7 trihydroxy flavone armoured neurodegeneration caused by Quinolinic acid induced huntington's like disease in rat striatum - reinstating the level of brain neurotrophins with special reference to cognitive-socio behaviour, biochemical and histopathological aspects. Neurosci Res 2021; 174:25-35. [PMID: 34416310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Huntington Disease (HD), a predominant Neurodegenerative Disorder which might be induced by endogenous neurotoxin called Quinolinic Acid (QA), an N-methyl-D aspartate receptor (NMDAR) agonist, the bilaterally intrastriatal administration (200 nm/2 μL of saline) offers rise to the toxic events like neuronal death, neuroinflammation by inflicting excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in the striatum of male Wistar rats by exhibiting the behavioural changes which was accessed by rotarod, open field analysis. In this study, the neuropharmacological effect of Baicalein (BC) against QA induced HD was evaluated. Baicalein (BC), scientifically 5,6,7 trihydroxy flavone present naturally in the edible plants like Scutellaria baicalensis and Oroxylum indicum possess a better neuroprotective effect in the dosage of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally in the striatum of HD induced rats. This study proved that BC is efficient to revive the level of enzymatic & non-enzymatic antioxidants and mitochondrial complexes by decreasing the number of inflammatory mediators such as MDA, protein carbonyls and Nitric Oxide at the significance of P < 0.01 and restores the amount of BDNF and GDNF thereby preventing the neurophysiological changes which were analysed by haematoxylin & eosin staining. Thus finally, the protective effect of Baicalein displays the up-gradation of psychological and behavioural changes induced by QA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyalakshmi Purushothaman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangarajan Sumathi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Xu L, Zhu L, Zhu L, Chen D, Cai K, Liu Z, Chen A. Moderate Exercise Combined with Enriched Environment Enhances Learning and Memory through BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway in Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168283. [PMID: 34444034 PMCID: PMC8392212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of exercise combined with an enriched environment on learning and memory in rats. Forty healthy male Wistar rats (7 weeks old) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (N = 10 in each group): control (C) group, treadmill exercise (TE) group, enriched environment (EE) group and the TE + EE group. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability in all rats after eight weeks of exposure in the different conditions. Moreover, we employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the rats. The data showed that the escape latency and the number of platform crossings were significantly better in the TE + EE group compared to the TE, EE or C groups (p < 0.05). In addition, there was upregulation of BDNF and TrkB in rats in the TE + EE group compared to those in the TE, EE or C groups (p < 0.05). Taken together, the data robustly demonstrate that the combination of TE + EE enhances learning and memory ability and upregulates the expression of both BDNF and TrkB in rats. Thus, the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway might be modulating the effect of exercise and enriched environment in improving learning and memory ability in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aiguo Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-5272-5968
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Milligan Armstrong A, Porter T, Quek H, White A, Haynes J, Jackaman C, Villemagne V, Munyard K, Laws SM, Verdile G, Groth D. Chronic stress and Alzheimer's disease: the interplay between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, genetics and microglia. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2209-2228. [PMID: 34159699 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress is increasingly being recognised as a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) is the major stress response pathway in the body and tightly regulates the production of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone. Dysregulation of the HPA axis and increased levels of cortisol are commonly found in AD patients and make a major contribution to the disease process. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In addition, within the general population there are interindividual differences in sensitivities to glucocorticoid and stress responses, which are thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. These differences could ultimately impact an individuals' risk of AD. The purpose of this review is first to summarise the literature describing environmental and genetic factors that can impact an individual's HPA axis reactivity and function and ultimately AD risk. Secondly, we propose a mechanism by which genetic factors that influence HPA axis reactivity may also impact inflammation, a key driver of neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that these factors can mediate glucocorticoid priming of the immune cells of the brain, microglia, to become pro-inflammatory and promote a neurotoxic environment resulting in neurodegeneration. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and identifying these genetic factors has implications for evaluating stress-related risk/progression to neurodegeneration, informing the success of interventions based on stress management and potential risks associated with the common use of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeisha Milligan Armstrong
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Hazel Quek
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony White
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - John Haynes
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Victor Villemagne
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kylie Munyard
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - David Groth
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
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Muratori BG, Zamberlam CR, Mendes TB, Nozima BHN, Cerutti JM, Cerutti SM. BDNF as a Putative Target for Standardized Extract of Ginkgo biloba-Induced Persistence of Object Recognition Memory. Molecules 2021; 26:3326. [PMID: 34206011 PMCID: PMC8198829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress on the study of the effect of standardized extract of Gingko biloba (EGb) on memory processes, our understanding of its role in the persistence of long-term memory (LTM) and the molecular mechanism underlying its effect, particularly episodic-like memory, is limited. We here investigated the effects of EGb on the long-term retention of recognition memory and its persistence and BDNF expression levels in the dorsal hippocampal formation (DHF). Adult male Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were handled for 10 min/5 day. On day 6, the animals were treated with vehicle or 0.4 mg/kg diazepam (control groups) or with EGb (250, 500 or 100 mg/kg) 30 min before the training session (TR1), in which the animals were exposed to two sample objects. On day 7, all rats underwent a second training session (TR2) as described in the TR1 but without drug treatment. Object recognition memory (ORM) was evaluated on day 8 (retention test, T1) and day 9 (persistence test, T2). At the end of T1or T2, animals were decapitated, and DHF samples were frozen at -80 °C for analyses of the differential expression of BDNF by Western blotting. EGb-treated groups spent more time exploring the novel object in T2 and showed the highest recognition index (RI) values during the T1 and T2, which was associated with upregulation of BDNF expression in the DHF in a dose-and session-dependent manner. Our data reveal, for the first time, that EGb treatment before acquisition of ORM promotes persistence of LTM by BDNF differential expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G. Muratori
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, The Graduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil; (B.G.M.); (C.R.Z.)
| | - Cláudia R. Zamberlam
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, The Graduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil; (B.G.M.); (C.R.Z.)
| | - Thaís B. Mendes
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumor Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (T.B.M.); (B.H.N.N.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Bruno H. N. Nozima
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumor Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (T.B.M.); (B.H.N.N.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Janete M. Cerutti
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumor Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (T.B.M.); (B.H.N.N.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Suzete M. Cerutti
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, The Graduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil; (B.G.M.); (C.R.Z.)
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
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48
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Nicolini C, Nelson AJ. Current Methodological Pitfalls and Caveats in the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Changes in Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: How Result Reproducibility Can Be Improved. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2021; 2:678541. [PMID: 38235217 PMCID: PMC10790889 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.678541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Neural mechanisms, such as enhanced neuroplasticity within the motor system, underpin exercise-induced motor improvements. Being a key mediator of motor plasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is likely to play an important role in mediating exercise positive effects on motor function. Difficulties in assessing brain BDNF levels in humans have drawn attention to quantification of blood BDNF and raise the question of whether peripheral BDNF contributes to exercise-related motor improvements. Methodological and non-methodological factors influence measurements of blood BDNF introducing a substantial variability that complicates result interpretation and leads to inconsistencies among studies. Here, we discuss methodology-related issues and approaches emerging from current findings to reduce variability and increase result reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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49
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Harb M, Jagusch J, Durairaja A, Endres T, Leßmann V, Fendt M. BDNF haploinsufficiency induces behavioral endophenotypes of schizophrenia in male mice that are rescued by enriched environment. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:233. [PMID: 33888685 PMCID: PMC8062437 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in a number of processes that are crucial for healthy functioning of the brain. Schizophrenia is associated with low BDNF levels in the brain and blood, however, not much is known about BDNF's role in the different symptoms of schizophrenia. Here, we used BDNF-haploinsufficient (BDNF+/-) mice to investigate the role of BDNF in different mouse behavioral endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Furthermore, we assessed if an enriched environment can prevent the observed changes. In this study, male mature adult wild-type and BDNF+/- mice were tested in mouse paradigms for cognitive flexibility (attentional set shifting), sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition), and associative emotional learning (safety and fear conditioning). Before these tests, half of the mice had a 2-month exposure to an enriched environment, including running wheels. After the tests, BDNF brain levels were quantified. BDNF+/- mice had general deficits in the attentional set-shifting task, increased startle magnitudes, and prepulse inhibition deficits. Contextual fear learning was not affected but safety learning was absent. Enriched environment housing completely prevented the observed behavioral deficits in BDNF+/- mice. Notably, the behavioral performance of the mice was negatively correlated with BDNF protein levels. These novel findings strongly suggest that decreased BDNF levels are associated with several behavioral endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Furthermore, an enriched environment increases BDNF protein to wild-type levels and is thereby able to rescue these behavioral endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Harb
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Justina Jagusch
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Archana Durairaja
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Endres
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Fendt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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50
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Doney E, Cadoret A, Dion-Albert L, Lebel M, Menard C. Inflammation-driven brain and gut barrier dysfunction in stress and mood disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2851-2894. [PMID: 33876886 PMCID: PMC9290537 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of emotions is generally associated exclusively with the brain. However, there is evidence that peripheral systems are also involved in mood, stress vulnerability vs. resilience, and emotion‐related memory encoding. Prevalence of stress and mood disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and post‐traumatic stress disorder is increasing in our modern societies. Unfortunately, 30%–50% of individuals respond poorly to currently available treatments highlighting the need to further investigate emotion‐related biology to gain mechanistic insights that could lead to innovative therapies. Here, we provide an overview of inflammation‐related mechanisms involved in mood regulation and stress responses discovered using animal models. If clinical studies are available, we discuss translational value of these findings including limitations. Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression and maladaptive stress responses have been receiving increasing attention, and thus, the first part is centered on inflammation and dysregulation of brain and circulating cytokines in stress and mood disorders. Next, recent studies supporting a role for inflammation‐driven leakiness of the blood–brain and gut barriers in emotion regulation and mood are highlighted. Stress‐induced exacerbated inflammation fragilizes these barriers which become hyperpermeable through loss of integrity and altered biology. At the gut level, this could be associated with dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial communities, and alteration of the gut–brain axis which is central to production of mood‐related neurotransmitter serotonin. Novel therapeutic approaches such as anti‐inflammatory drugs, the fast‐acting antidepressant ketamine, and probiotics could directly act on the mechanisms described here improving mood disorder‐associated symptomatology. Discovery of biomarkers has been a challenging quest in psychiatry, and we end by listing promising targets worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Doney
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Cadoret
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
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