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Kandoussi I, El Haddoumi G, Mansouri M, Belyamani L, Ibrahimi A, Eljaoudi R. Overcoming Resistance in Cancer Therapy: Computational Exploration of PIK3CA Mutations, Unveiling Novel Non-Toxic Inhibitors, and Molecular Insights Into Targeting PI3Kα. Bioinform Biol Insights 2024; 18:11779322241269386. [PMID: 39176270 PMCID: PMC11339747 DOI: 10.1177/11779322241269386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3 K) are pivotal regulators of cell signaling implicated in various cancers. Particularly, mutations in the PIK3CA gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit drive oncogenic signaling, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Our study conducted in silico exploration of 31 PIK3CA mutations across breast, endometrial, colon, and ovarian cancers, assessing their impacts on response to PI3Kα inhibitors and identifying potential non-toxic inhibitors and also elucidating their effects on protein stability and flexibility. Specifically, we observed significant alterations in the stability and flexibility of the PI3 K protein induced by these mutations. Through molecular docking analysis, we evaluated the binding interactions between the selected inhibitors and the PI3 K protein. The filtration of ligands involved calculating chemical descriptors, incorporating Veber and Lipinski rules, as well as IC50 values and toxicity predictions. This process reduced the initial dataset of 1394 ligands to 12 potential non-toxic inhibitors, and four reference inhibitors with significant biological activity in clinical trials were then chosen based on their physico-chemical properties. This analysis revealed Lig5's exceptional performance, exhibiting superior affinity and specificity compared to established reference inhibitors such as pictilisib. Lig5 formed robust binding interactions with the PI3 K protein, suggesting its potential as a highly effective therapeutic agent against PI3 K-driven cancers. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations provided valuable insights into Lig5's stability and its interactions with PI3 K over 100 ns. These simulations supported Lig5's potential as a versatile inhibitor capable of effectively targeting various mutational profiles of PI3 K, thereby mitigating issues related to resistance and toxicity commonly associated with current inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Kandoussi
- Biotechnology Lab (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ghyzlane El Haddoumi
- Biotechnology Lab (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mariam Mansouri
- Biotechnology Lab (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Belyamani
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
- Emergency Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Azeddine Ibrahimi
- Biotechnology Lab (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Eljaoudi
- Biotechnology Lab (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
- Emergency Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Araújo GSD, Moura AF, Barros AB, Moraes MO, Pessoa C, Perez CN, Castro MRCD, Ribeiro FDOS, Silva DAD, Sousa PSDA, Rocha JA, Marinho Filho JDB, Araujo AJ. Sulfonamide-chalcone hybrid compound suppresses cellular adhesion and migration: Experimental and computational insight. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111115. [PMID: 38908811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of sulfonamide-chalcone 185 (SSC185) was investigated against B16-F10 metastatic melanoma cells aggressive actions, besides migration and adhesion processes, by in silico and in vitro assays. In silico studies were used to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile and possible targets of SSC185, using the pkCSM web server, and docking simulations with AutoDock Tools. Furthermore, the antimetastatic effect of SSC185 was investigated by in vitro experiments using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide), colony, scratch, and cell adhesion assays, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The molecular docking results show better affinity of SSC185 with the metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and α5β1 integrin. SSC185 effectively restricts the formation of colonies, migration, and adhesion of B16-F10 metastatic melanoma cells. Through the AFM images changes in cells morphology was identified, with a decrease in the filopodia and increase in the average cellular roughness. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of this molecule in inhibit the primordial steps for metastasis, which is responsible for a worse prognosis of late stage cancer, being the main cause of morbidity among cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Santos de Araújo
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células do Delta, LCCDelta, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Andrea Felinto Moura
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células do Delta, LCCDelta, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Ayslan Batista Barros
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células do Delta, LCCDelta, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico Moraes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos - NPDM, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos - NPDM, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Caridad Noda Perez
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio de Oliveira Silva Ribeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (BIOTEC), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Durcilene Alves da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (BIOTEC), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio de Araújo Sousa
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Química Medicinal e Biotecnologia, QUIMEBIO, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Química Medicinal e Biotecnologia, QUIMEBIO, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Jérsia Araujo
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células do Delta, LCCDelta, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
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Hussain Z, Mahmood A, Shah Q, Imran A, Mughal EU, Khan W, Baig A, Iqbal J, Mumtaz A. Synthesis and Evaluation of Amide and Thiourea Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47251-47264. [PMID: 36570246 PMCID: PMC9773353 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Series of sulfonamide-substituted amide (9-11), benzamide (12-15), and 1,3-disubstituted thiourea (17-26) derivatives were synthesized from a common precursor, i.e., substituted benzoyl chlorides. Structures of all of the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)). All of the amide (9-15) and thiourea (17-26) derivatives were screened against human carbonic anhydrases, hCA-II, hCA IX, and hCA-XII. Sulfonamide-substituted amides 9, 11, and 12 were found to be excellent selective inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.18 ± 0.05, 0.17 ± 0.05, and 0.58 ± 0.05 μM against hCA II, hCA IX, and hCA XII, respectively. Compound 9 was found to be highly selective for hCA II and about 6-fold more potent as compared to the standard antagonist, acetazolamide. Safe toxicity profiling of the most potent and selective compounds was determined against normal BHK-21 and HEK-293 T cells. Molecular docking studies were performed, which described the type of interactions between the synthesized compounds and enzyme proteins. In addition, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies were performed, which showed that all of the synthesized molecules fulfilled the druggability criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Center
for Advance Drug Research, COMSATS University
Islamabad, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Shah
- Center
for Advance Drug Research, COMSATS University
Islamabad, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Imran
- Center
for Advance Drug Research, COMSATS University
Islamabad, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
| | | | - Wajiha Khan
- Department
of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department
of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Center
for Advance Drug Research, COMSATS University
Islamabad, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
| | - Amara Mumtaz
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
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Santos ES, Silva PC, Sousa PSA, Aquino CC, Pacheco G, Teixeira LFLS, Araujo AR, Sousa FBM, Barros RO, Ramos RM, Rocha JA, Nicolau LAD, Medeiros JVR. Antiviral potential of diminazene aceturate against SARS-CoV-2 proteases using computational and in vitro approaches. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110161. [PMID: 36116513 PMCID: PMC9476334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an antiparasitic, is an ACE2 activator, and studies show that activators of this enzyme may be beneficial for COVID-19, disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the in silico and in vitro affinity of diminazene aceturate against molecular targets of SARS-CoV-2. 3D structures from DIZE and the proteases from SARS-CoV-2, obtained through the Protein Data Bank and Drug Database (Drubank), and processed in computer programs like AutodockTools, LigPlot, Pymol for molecular docking and visualization and GROMACS was used to perform molecular dynamics. The results demonstrate that DIZE could interact with all tested targets, and the best binding energies were obtained from the interaction of Protein S (closed conformation −7.87 kcal/mol) and Mpro (−6.23 kcal/mol), indicating that it can act both by preventing entry and viral replication. The results of molecular dynamics demonstrate that DIZE was able to promote a change in stability at the cleavage sites between S1 and S2, which could prevent binding to ACE2 and fusion with the membrane. In addition, in vitro tests confirm the in silico results showing that DIZE could inhibit the binding between the spike receptor-binding domain protein and ACE2, which could promote a reduction in the virus infection. However, tests in other experimental models with in vivo approaches are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esley S Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (LAFIDG), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Priscila C Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (LAFIDG), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Paulo S A Sousa
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, QUIMEBIO, Federal University of Maranhão, São Bernardo, MA, Brazil; Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Cristhyane C Aquino
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (LAFIDG), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Luiz F L S Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (LAFIDG), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Alyne R Araujo
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Francisca B M Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (LAFIDG), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Romulo O Barros
- Research Laboratory in Information Systems, Department of Information, Environment, Health and Food Production, Federal Institute of Piauí, LaPeSI/IFPI, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Ramos
- Research Laboratory in Information Systems, Department of Information, Environment, Health and Food Production, Federal Institute of Piauí, LaPeSI/IFPI, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Jefferson A Rocha
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, QUIMEBIO, Federal University of Maranhão, São Bernardo, MA, Brazil; Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Lucas A D Nicolau
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (LAFIDG), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Jand V R Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (LAFIDG), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
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5
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Novel Isoxazole Derivative Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury through Inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase Pump, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165065. [PMID: 36014311 PMCID: PMC9415046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoxazole derivatives are significant enough due to their wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic activities. The purpose of the current study is to use computational, in vitro, in vivo, and extensive molecular approaches to examine the possible anti-ulcer activity of 4-benzylidene-3 methyl-1,2-isoxazol-5(4H)-one (MBO). Biovia Discovery Studio visualizer (DSV) was utilized for virtual screening. A tissue antioxidant investigation, H+/K+-ATPase test, and anti-H. pylori activities were carried out. ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and PCR methods were employed for the proteome analysis. An ethanol-induced stomach ulcer model was used to examine the anti-ulcer potential in rats. The binding affinities for MBO ranged from −5.4 to −8.2 Kcal/mol. In vitro findings revealed inhibitory activity against H. pylori and the H+/K+-ATPase pump. It also enhanced levels of glutathione, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase and reduced lipid peroxidation levels in gastric tissues of rats. In vivo results showed the gastro-protective effect of MBO (30 mg/kg) in ulcerative rat stomachs. The proteomic study revealed decreased expression of inflammatory markers (cyclooxygenase-2, p-NFkB, and TNF-α). In RT-PCR analysis, the expression levels of H+/K+-ATPase were reduced. Furthermore, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) studies revealed that MBO has high GIT solubility and has a safer profile for cardiac toxicity. This study suggests that MBO displayed anti-ulcer potential, which may have been mediated through the inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase pump, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. It has the potential to be a lead molecule in the treatment of peptic ulcers with fewer adverse effects.
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Tazikeh-Lemeski E, Moradi S, Raoufi R, Shahlaei M, Janlou MAM, Zolghadri S. Targeting SARS-COV-2 non-structural protein 16: a virtual drug repurposing study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:4633-4646. [PMID: 32573355 PMCID: PMC7332864 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1779133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-Structural Protein 16 (nsp-16), a viral RNA methyltransferase (MTase), is one of the highly viable targets for drug discovery of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. In this study, drug discovery of SARS-CoV-2 nsp-16 has been performed by a virtual drug repurposing approach. First, drug shape-based screening (among FDA approved drugs) with a known template of MTase inhibitor, sinefungin was done and best compounds with high similarity scores were selected. In addition to the selected compounds, 4 nucleoside analogs of anti-viral (Raltgravir, Maraviroc and Favipiravir) and anti-inflammatory (Prednisolone) drugs were selected for further investigations. Then, binding energies and interaction modes were found by molecular docking approaches and compouds with lower energy were selected for further investigation. After that, Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried to test the potential selected compounds in a realistic environment. The results showed that Raltegravir and Maraviroc among other compounds can bind strongly to the active site of the protein compared to sinefungin, and can be potential candidates to inhibit NSP-16. Also, the MD simulation results suggested that the Maraviroc and Raltegravir are more effective drug candidates than Sinefungin for inhibiting the enzyme. It is concluded that Raltegravir and Maraviroc which may be used in the treatment of COVID-19 after Invitro and invivo studies and clinical trial for final confirmation of drug effectiveness. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rahim Raoufi
- School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Science, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
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Computational Study on Temperature Driven Structure-Function Relationship of Polysaccharide Producing Bacterial Glycosyl Transferase Enzyme. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111771. [PMID: 34071348 PMCID: PMC8198650 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase (GTs) is a wide class of enzymes that transfer sugar moiety, playing a key role in the synthesis of bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) biopolymer. In recent years, increased demand for bacterial EPSs has been observed in pharmaceutical, food, and other industries. The application of the EPSs largely depends upon their thermal stability, as any industrial application is mainly reliant on slow thermal degradation. Keeping this in context, EPS producing GT enzymes from three different bacterial sources based on growth temperature (mesophile, thermophile, and hyperthermophile) are considered for in silico analysis of the structural–functional relationship. From the present study, it was observed that the structural integrity of GT increases significantly from mesophile to thermophile to hyperthermophile. In contrast, the structural plasticity runs in an opposite direction towards mesophile. This interesting temperature-dependent structural property has directed the GT–UDP-glucose interactions in a way that thermophile has finally demonstrated better binding affinity (−5.57 to −10.70) with an increased number of hydrogen bonds (355) and stabilizing amino acids (Phe, Ala, Glu, Tyr, and Ser). The results from this study may direct utilization of thermophile-origin GT as best for industrial-level bacterial polysaccharide production.
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Malghani Z, Khan AU, Faheem M, Danish MZ, Nadeem H, Ansari SF, Maqbool M. Molecular Docking, Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antileishmanial Effects of Newly Synthesized Quinoline Derivatives. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1516-1529. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200516145117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Due to the pressing need and adverse effects associated with the available anti-cancer
agents, an attempt was made to develop the new anti-cancer agents with better activity and lesser adverse
effects.
Objective:
Synthetic approaches based on chemical modification of quinoline derivatives have been undertaken
with the aim of improving anti-cancer agents’ safety profile.
Methods:
In the present study, quinoline derivatives 6-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) quinoline-4-carboxylic
acid (M1) and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (M3) were synthesized by the reaction
of aldehyde and pyruvic acid. The complete reaction was indicated by thin-layer chromatography. Newly synthesized
M1and M3were tested for in silico and in vitro studies.
Results:
M1 and M3 were docked against selected targets. Both the test compounds showed good affinity against
all targets except the p300\CBP-associated factor target as there was no H-bond formed by M1. IC50 values of
M1 and M3 against 1, 1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity were 562 and 136.56ng/mL,
respectively. In brine shrimp lethality assay, M1 and M3 showed IC50 value of 81.98 and 139.2ng/mL, respectively.
IC50 values recorded for M1 and M3 in tumor inhibition activity were 129 and 219μg/mL, respectively.
M1 and M3 exhibited concentration-dependent anti-cancer effects against human cell lines of hepatocellular
carcinoma (HepG2) and colon cancer (HCT-116). Against HepG2 cells, M1 and M3 exhibited IC50 of 88.6 and
43.62μg/mL, respectively. M1 and M3 utilized against HCT-116 cell lines possessed IC50 values of 62.5 and
15.3μg/mL. M1 and M3 also showed an anti-leishmanial effect with IC50 values of 336.64 and 530.142μg/mL,
respectively.
Conclusion:
From the results of pharmacological studies, we conclude that the newly synthesized compound
showed enhanced anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-leishmanial profile with good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoonish Malghani
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Z. Danish
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sameen F. Ansari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madeeha Maqbool
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Biophysical Insight into the Interaction of Human Lysozyme with Anticancer Drug Anastrozole: A Multitechnique Approach. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:8363685. [PMID: 32908463 PMCID: PMC7468670 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8363685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we employ fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and molecular docking methods. Binding of anticancer drug anastrozole with human lysozyme (HL) is studied. Binding of anastrozole to HL is moderate but spontaneous. There is anastrozole persuaded hydrodynamic change in HL, leading to molecular compaction. Binding of anastrozole to HL also decreased in vitro lytic activity of HL. Molecular docking results suggest the electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces played key role in binding interaction of anastrozole near the catalytic site. Binding interaction of anastrozole to proteins other than major transport proteins in blood can significantly affect pharmacokinetics of this molecule. Hence, rationalizing drug dosage is important. This study also points to unrelated effects that small molecules bring in the body that are considerable and need thorough investigation.
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Ansari SF, Khan AU, Qazi NG, Shah FA, Naeem K. In Vivo, Proteomic, and In Silico Investigation of Sapodilla for Therapeutic Potential in Gastrointestinal Disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4921086. [PMID: 31886219 PMCID: PMC6925776 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4921086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to delineate the effects of Manilkara zapota Linn. (Sapodilla) fruit chloroform (Mz.CHCl3) and aqueous (Mz.Aq) extracts tested through different techniques. Antidiarrheal activity and intestinal fluid accumulation were examined by using castor oil-induced diarrhea and castor oil fluid accumulation models. Isolated rabbit jejunum tissues were employed for in vitro experiments. Antimotility and antiulcer were performed through charcoal meal transient time and ethanol-induced ulcer assay, molecular studies were conducted through proteomic analysis, and virtual screening was performed by using a discovery studio visualizer (DSV). Mz.CHCl3 and Mz.Aq extracts attributed dose-dependent (50-300 mg/kg) protection (20-100%) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and dose-dependently (50-300 mg/kg) inhibited intestinal fluid secretions in mice. Mz.CHCl3 and Mz.Aq extracts produce relaxation of spontaneous and K+ (80 Mm) induced contractions in isolated tissue preparations and decreased the distance moved by charcoal in the gastrointestinal transit model in rats. It showed gastroprotective effect in ulcerative stomach of rats and decreased levels of IL-18 quantified by proteomic analysis. Histopathological results showed ethanol-induced significant gastric injury, leading to cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration, apoptosis, and focal necrosis in all gastric zones using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Moreover, ethanol increased the activation and the expression of tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p-NFκB). In silico results were comparative to in vitro results evaluated through virtual screening. Moreover, ethanol increased the activation and expression of tumor necrotic factor, cyclooxygenase, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. This study exhibits the gastroprotective effect of Manilkara zapota extracts in the peritoneal cavity using a proteomic and in silico approach which reveals different energy values against target proteins, which mediate the gastrointestinal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameen Fatima Ansari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Neelum Gul Qazi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Komal Naeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Sangsawad P, Choowongkomon K, Kitts DD, Chen XM, Li-Chan EC, Yongsawatdigul J. Transepithelial transport and structural changes of chicken angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides through Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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12
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Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Sokouti B, Dastmalchi S. An Introduction to the Basic Concepts in QSAR-Aided Drug Design. Oncology 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The need for the development of new drugs to combat existing and newly identified conditions is unavoidable. One of the important tools used in the advanced drug development pipeline is computer-aided drug design. Traditionally, to find a drug many ligands were synthesized and evaluated for their effectiveness using suitable bioassays and if all other drug-likeness features were met, the candidate(s) would possibly reach the market. Although this approach is still in use in advanced format, computational methods are an indispensable component of modern drug development projects. One of the methods used from very early days of rationalizing the drug design approaches is Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR). This chapter overviews QSAR modeling steps by introducing molecular descriptors, mathematical model development for relating biological activities to molecular structures, and model validation. At the end, several successful cases where QSAR studies were used extensively are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran & School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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13
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Angiotensin- I- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from Pacific cod skin gelatin using ultrafiltration membranes. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Apigenin Attenuates Atherogenesis through Inducing Macrophage Apoptosis via Inhibition of AKT Ser473 Phosphorylation and Downregulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:379538. [PMID: 25960827 PMCID: PMC4413885 DOI: 10.1155/2015/379538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage survival is believed to be a contributing factor in the development of early atherosclerotic lesions. Dysregulated apoptosis of macrophages is involved in the inflammatory process of atherogenesis. Apigenin is a flavonoid that possesses various clinically relevant properties such as anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and antitumor activities. Here we showed that apigenin attenuated atherogenesis in apoE (-/-) mice in an in vivo test. In vitro experiments suggested that apigenin induced apoptosis of oxidized low density lipoprotein- (OxLDL-) loaded murine peritoneal macrophages (MPMs). Proteomic analysis showed that apigenin reduced the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2). PAI-2 has antiapoptotic effects in OxLDL-loaded MPMs. Enhancing PAI-2 expression significantly reduced the proapoptosis effects of apigenin. Molecular docking assay with AutoDock software predicted that residue Ser473 of Akt1 is a potential binding site for apigenin. Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of Akt1 wild type weakened the proapoptosis effect of apigenin in OxLDL-loaded MPMs. Collectively, apigenin executes its anti-atherogenic effects through inducing OxLDL-loaded MPMs apoptosis. The proapoptotic effects of apigenin were at least partly attributed to downregulation of PAI-2 through suppressing phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473.
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Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Sokouti B, Dastmalchi S. An Introduction to the Basic Concepts in QSAR-Aided Drug Design. QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN DRUG DESIGN, PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY, AND RISK ASSESSMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8136-1.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The need for the development of new drugs to combat existing and newly identified conditions is unavoidable. One of the important tools used in the advanced drug development pipeline is computer-aided drug design. Traditionally, to find a drug many ligands were synthesized and evaluated for their effectiveness using suitable bioassays and if all other drug-likeness features were met, the candidate(s) would possibly reach the market. Although this approach is still in use in advanced format, computational methods are an indispensable component of modern drug development projects. One of the methods used from very early days of rationalizing the drug design approaches is Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR). This chapter overviews QSAR modeling steps by introducing molecular descriptors, mathematical model development for relating biological activities to molecular structures, and model validation. At the end, several successful cases where QSAR studies were used extensively are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center & School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Sokouti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center & School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Molecular interaction of Survivin and Piperine by computational docking analyses for neuroblastoma targeting. Ann Neurosci 2014; 18:145-7. [PMID: 25205944 PMCID: PMC4116959 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.1118404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood cancer causing significant mortality in at least 1% children worldwide. NB is an embryonically derived tumor. The causative agents include genetic predisposition and dysregulated signaling cascades. Survivin is an important anti-apoptotic protein that is significantly up-regulated in NB. In this study, a naturally occurring ligand - Piperine was assessed for its interaction with Survivin protein. PURPOSE The study was undertaken in order to identify the experimental feasibility of Survivin inhibitor ligand Piperine as targeting treatment of NB. METHODS Protein sequences were retrieved and saved in PDB format. Similarly, the ligand data was processed using MGL (Molecular Graphics Laboratory) and chimera tools and saved in PDB format. Both protein and the ligand data were then uploaded to the docking server and docking parameters were set. RESULTS In-silico docking study of a protein ligand interaction resulted in -3.36 Kcal/mol free energy value for the ligand, with an involvement of 1 hydrogen bond, 7 hydrophobic interactions and 13 ionic interactions. The results were correlated with the existing free energy value of > -3 Kcal/mol which is established for a good inhibitor. CONCLUSION The molecular docking study for mice Survivin and Piperine shows good inhibitory interaction effect and can, therefore, be considered as a molecule against Survivin enhanced tumor condition including NB.
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Hu B, Zhu X, Monroe L, Bures MG, Kihara D. PL-PatchSurfer: a novel molecular local surface-based method for exploring protein-ligand interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15122-45. [PMID: 25167137 PMCID: PMC4200761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-based computational methods have been widely used in exploring protein-ligand interactions, including predicting the binding ligands of a given protein based on their structural complementarity. Compared to other protein and ligand representations, the advantages of a surface representation include reduced sensitivity to subtle changes in the pocket and ligand conformation and fast search speed. Here we developed a novel method named PL-PatchSurfer (Protein-Ligand PatchSurfer). PL-PatchSurfer represents the protein binding pocket and the ligand molecular surface as a combination of segmented surface patches. Each patch is characterized by its geometrical shape and the electrostatic potential, which are represented using the 3D Zernike descriptor (3DZD). We first tested PL-PatchSurfer on binding ligand prediction and found it outperformed the pocket-similarity based ligand prediction program. We then optimized the search algorithm of PL-PatchSurfer using the PDBbind dataset. Finally, we explored the utility of applying PL-PatchSurfer to a larger and more diverse dataset and showed that PL-PatchSurfer was able to provide a high early enrichment for most of the targets. To the best of our knowledge, PL-PatchSurfer is the first surface patch-based method that treats ligand complementarity at protein binding sites. We believe that using a surface patch approach to better understand protein-ligand interactions has the potential to significantly enhance the design of new ligands for a wide array of drug-targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Lyman Monroe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Mark G Bures
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Daisuke Kihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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New aminobenzenesulfonamide–thiourea conjugates: Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibition and docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 78:140-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Synthesis, cytotoxicity and molecular modelling studies of new phenylcinnamide derivatives as potent inhibitors of cholinesterases. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 78:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Bosserman MA, Downey T, Noinaj N, Buchanan SK, Rohr J. Molecular insight into substrate recognition and catalysis of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase MtmOIV, the key frame-modifying enzyme in the biosynthesis of anticancer agent mithramycin. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2466-77. [PMID: 23992662 DOI: 10.1021/cb400399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) have been shown to play key roles for the biosynthesis of important natural products. MtmOIV, a homodimeric FAD- and NADPH-dependent BVMO, catalyzes the key frame-modifying steps of the mithramycin biosynthetic pathway, including an oxidative C-C bond cleavage, by converting its natural substrate premithramycin B into mithramycin DK, the immediate precursor of mithramycin. The drastically improved protein structure of MtmOIV along with the high-resolution structure of MtmOIV in complex with its natural substrate premithramycin B are reported here, revealing previously undetected key residues that are important for substrate recognition and catalysis. Kinetic analyses of selected mutants allowed us to probe the substrate binding pocket of MtmOIV and also to discover the putative NADPH binding site. This is the first substrate-bound structure of MtmOIV providing new insights into substrate recognition and catalysis, which paves the way for the future design of a tailored enzyme for the chemo-enzymatic preparation of novel mithramycin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A. Bosserman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Theresa Downey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Nicholas Noinaj
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Susan K. Buchanan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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21
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Liu X, Zang Y, Sun B, Yin Y. Optimization of phage heptapeptide library-screening process for developing inhibitors of the isocitrate lyase homologue from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Krüger DM, Jessen G, Gohlke H. How Good Are State-of-the-Art Docking Tools in Predicting Ligand Binding Modes in Protein–Protein Interfaces? J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:2807-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ci3003599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M. Krüger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry,
Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr.1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gisela Jessen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry,
Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr.1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry,
Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr.1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Liu R, Perez-Aguilar JM, Liang D, Saven JG. Binding site and affinity prediction of general anesthetics to protein targets using docking. Anesth Analg 2012; 114:947-55. [PMID: 22392968 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824c4def] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein targets for general anesthetics remain unclear. A tool to predict anesthetic binding for potential binding targets is needed. In this study, we explored whether a computational method, AutoDock, could serve as such a tool. METHODS High-resolution crystal data of water-soluble proteins (cytochrome C, apoferritin, and human serum albumin), and a membrane protein (a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel from Gloeobacter violaceus [GLIC]) were used. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments were performed to determine anesthetic affinity in solution conditions for apoferritin. Docking calculations were performed using DockingServer with the Lamarckian genetic algorithm and the Solis and Wets local search method (http://www.dockingserver.com/web). Twenty general anesthetics were docked into apoferritin. The predicted binding constants were compared with those obtained from ITC experiments for potential correlations. In the case of apoferritin, details of the binding site and their interactions were compared with recent cocrystallization data. Docking calculations for 6 general anesthetics currently used in clinical settings (isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, halothane, propofol, and etomidate) with known 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) values were also performed in all tested proteins. The binding constants derived from docking experiments were compared with known EC(50) values and octanol/water partition coefficients for the 6 general anesthetics. RESULTS All 20 general anesthetics docked unambiguously into the anesthetic binding site identified in the crystal structure of apoferritin. The binding constants for 20 anesthetics obtained from the docking calculations correlate significantly with those obtained from ITC experiments (P = 0.04). In the case of GLIC, the identified anesthetic binding sites in the crystal structure are among the docking predicted binding sites, but not the top ranked site. Docking calculations suggest a most probable binding site located in the extracellular domain of GLIC. The predicted affinities correlated significantly with the known EC(50) values for the 6 frequently used anesthetics in GLIC for the site identified in the experimental crystal data (P = 0.006). However, predicted affinities in apoferritin, human serum albumin, and cytochrome C did not correlate with these 6 anesthetics' known experimental EC(50) values. A weak correlation between the predicted affinities and the octanol/water partition coefficients was observed for the sites in GLIC. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that anesthetic binding sites and relative affinities can be predicted using docking calculations in an automatic docking server (AutoDock) for both water-soluble and membrane proteins. Correlation of predicted affinity and EC(50) for 6 frequently used general anesthetics was only observed in GLIC, a member of a protein family relevant to anesthetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Paskaleva EE, Xue J, Lee DYW, Shekhtman A, Canki M. Palmitic acid analogs exhibit nanomolar binding affinity for the HIV-1 CD4 receptor and nanomolar inhibition of gp120-to-CD4 fusion. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12168. [PMID: 20730055 PMCID: PMC2921400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported that palmitic acid (PA) is a novel and efficient CD4 fusion inhibitor to HIV-1 entry and infection. In the present report, based on in silico modeling of the novel CD4 pocket that binds PA, we describe discovery of highly potent PA analogs with increased CD4 receptor binding affinities (Kd) and gp120-to-CD4 inhibition constants (Ki). The PA analogs were selected to satisfy Lipinski's rule of drug-likeness, increased solubility, and to avoid potential cytotoxicity. Principal Findings PA analog 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) was most efficacious with Kd ∼74 nM and Ki ∼122 nM, ascorbyl palmitate (6-AP) exhibited slightly higher Kd ∼140 nM and Ki ∼354 nM, and sucrose palmitate (SP) was least efficacious binding to CD4 with Kd ∼364 nM and inhibiting gp120-to-CD4 binding with Ki ∼1486 nM. Importantly, PA and its analogs specifically bound to the CD4 receptor with the one to one stoichiometry. Significance Considering observed differences between Ki and Kd values indicates clear and rational direction for improving inhibition efficacy to HIV-1 entry and infection. Taken together this report introduces a novel class of natural small molecules fusion inhibitors with nanomolar efficacy of CD4 receptor binding and inhibition of HIV-1 entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E. Paskaleva
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - David Y-W. Lee
- Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Mario Canki
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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