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Oliva E, Zeitoun P, Velarde P, Fajardo M, Cassou K, Ros D, Sebban S, Portillo D, le Pape S. Hydrodynamic study of plasma amplifiers for soft-x-ray lasers: a transition in hydrodynamic behavior for plasma columns with widths ranging from 20 μm to 2 mm. Phys Rev E 2011; 82:056408. [PMID: 21230603 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.056408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plasma-based seeded soft-x-ray lasers have the potential to generate high energy and highly coherent short pulse beams. Due to their high density, plasmas created by the interaction of an intense laser with a solid target should store the highest amount of energy density among all plasma amplifiers. Our previous numerical work with a two-dimensional (2D) adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamic code demonstrated that careful tailoring of plasma shapes leads to a dramatic enhancement of both soft-x-ray laser output energy and pumping efficiency. Benchmarking of our 2D hydrodynamic code in previous experiments demonstrated a high level of confidence, allowing us to perform a full study with the aim of the way for 10-100 μJ seeded soft-x-ray lasers. In this paper, we describe in detail the mechanisms that drive the hydrodynamics of plasma columns. We observed transitions between narrow plasmas, where very strong bidimensional flow prevents them from storing energy, to large plasmas that store a high amount of energy. Millimeter-sized plasmas are outstanding amplifiers, but they have the limitation of transverse lasing. In this paper, we provide a preliminary solution to this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Oliva
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Hansen SB, Shlyaptseva AS, Faenov AY, Skobelev IY, Magunov AI, Pikuz TA, Blasco F, Dorchies F, Stenz C, Salin F, Auguste T, Dobosz S, Monot P, D' Oliveira P, Hulin S, Safronova UI, Fournier KB. Hot-electron influence on L-shell spectra of multicharged Kr ions generated in clusters irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 66:046412. [PMID: 12443335 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.046412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strong L-shell x-ray emission has been obtained from Kr clusters formed in gas jets and irradiated by 60-500-fs laser pulses. Spectral lines from the F-, Ne- Na-, and Mg-like charge states of Kr have been identified from highly resolved x-ray spectra. Spectral line intensities are used in conjunction with a detailed time-dependent collisional-radiative model to diagnose the electron distribution functions of plasmas formed in various gas jet nozzles with various laser pulse durations. It is shown that L-shell spectra formed by relatively long nanosecond-laser pulses can be well described by a steady-state model without hot electrons when opacity effects are included. In contrast, adequate modeling of L-shell spectra from highly transient and inhomogeneous femtosecond-laser plasmas requires including the influence of hot electrons. It is shown that femtosecond-laser interaction with gas jets from conical nozzles produces plasmas with higher ionization balances than plasmas formed by gas jets from Laval nozzles, in agreement with previous work for femtosecond laser interaction with Ar clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hansen
- Physics Department/220, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA
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Dasgupta A, Whitney KG, Blaha M, Buie M. Analysis of pumping mechanisms affecting the gain of the J=0-1 and J=2-1 lines in neonlike selenium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 46:5973-5984. [PMID: 9908853 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abdallah J, Clark RE, Peek JM. Steady-state ionization-balance calculations for a selenium plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:3980-3986. [PMID: 9907448 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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MacGowan BJ, Da Silva LB, Fields DJ, Keane CJ, Koch JA, London RA, Matthews DL, Maxon S, Mrowka S, Osterheld AL, Scofield JH, Shimkaveg G, Trebes JE, Walling RS. Short wavelength x‐ray laser research at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.860203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Oreg J, Goldstein WH, Klapisch M, Bar-Shalom A. Autoionization and radiationless electron capture in complex spectra. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:1750-1758. [PMID: 9906143 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Oreg J, Goldstein WH, Bar-Shalom A, Klapisch M. Sum rules for collisional processes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:310-323. [PMID: 9905682 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Smith SJ, Man KF, Mawhorter RJ, Williams ID, Chutjian A. Absolute, cascade-free cross sections for the 2S-->2P transition in Zn+ using electron-energy-loss and merged-beams methods. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:30-33. [PMID: 10044044 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Jacobs VL, Hagelstein PL, Chen MH, Minner R, Seely JF. Effects of autoionizing resonances on density-sensitive spectral-line intensity ratios in high-temperature plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1990; 41:1041-1057. [PMID: 9903187 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.41.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Yabe T, Murakami Y, Nishiguchi A, Takayanagi K. Interaction between atomic bound and free electrons in high-Z atoms under non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1989; 39:2776-2779. [PMID: 9901567 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.39.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Chen CH, Phillips RC, McCann MP. Observation of trapped O2 in high-Tc metal oxide superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:2744-2747. [PMID: 9948532 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Sampson DH, Zhang HL, Mohanty AK. Rate coefficients for populating excited levels of Ni-like ions by inner-shell ionization of Cu-like ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 38:4569-4573. [PMID: 9900923 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Goldstein WH, Oreg J, Zigler A, Bar-Shalom A, Klapisch M. Gain predictions for nickel-like gadolinium from a 181-level multiconfigurational distorted-wave collisional-radiative model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 38:1797-1804. [PMID: 9900579 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bar-Shalom A, Klapisch M, Oreg J. Electron collision excitations in complex spectra of ionized heavy atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 38:1773-1784. [PMID: 9900577 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Sampson DH, Zhang HL. Rate coefficients for populating excited levels of He-like ions by inner-shell ionization of Li-like ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 37:3765-3776. [PMID: 9899487 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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LaGattuta KJ. Laser-assisted dielectronic recombination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 60:692-695. [PMID: 10038622 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.60.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Sampson DH, Zhang H. Rate coefficients for populating excited levels of Ne-like ions by inner-shell ionization of Na-like ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1987; 36:3590-3606. [PMID: 9899294 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.36.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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