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Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Babu R, Belmont-Moreno E, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Chaparro-Amaro O, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De la Fuente E, Diaz Hernandez R, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Durocher M, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fan KL, Fang K, Fernández Alonso M, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, García-González JA, Garfias F, González MM, Goodman JA, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hinton J, Huang D, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Lee J, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, Malone K, Martinez O, Martínez-Castro J, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Morales-Soto JA, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Olivera-Nieto L, Omodei N, Pérez Araujo Y, Pérez-Pérez EG, Rho CD, Rosa-González D, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar H, Salazar-Gallegos D, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Serna-Franco J, Smith AJ, Son Y, Springer RW, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Torres-Escobedo R, Turner R, Ureña-Mena F, Varela E, Villaseñor L, Wang X, Watson IJ, Willox E, Yun-Cárcamo S, Zhou H, de León C, Beacom JF, Linden T, Ng KCY, Peter AHG, Zhou B. Discovery of Gamma Rays from the Quiescent Sun with HAWC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:051201. [PMID: 37595214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the first detection of a TeV γ-ray flux from the solar disk (6.3σ), based on 6.1 years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. The 0.5-2.6 TeV spectrum is well fit by a power law, dN/dE=A(E/1 TeV)^{-γ}, with A=(1.6±0.3)×10^{-12} TeV^{-1} cm^{-2} s^{-1} and γ=3.62±0.14. The flux shows a strong indication of anticorrelation with solar activity. These results extend the bright, hard GeV emission from the disk observed with Fermi-LAT, seemingly due to hadronic Galactic cosmic rays showering on nuclei in the solar atmosphere. However, current theoretical models are unable to explain the details of how solar magnetic fields shape these interactions. HAWC's TeV detection thus deepens the mysteries of the solar-disk emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albert
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | | | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - R Babu
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - O Chaparro-Amaro
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Computaci'on, Instituto Polit'ecnico Nacional, M'exico City, M'exico
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de F'isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R Diaz Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Durocher
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de F'isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K Fang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Fernández Alonso
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Avenue Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico, 64849
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Huang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - J Lee
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Malone
- Space Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Computaci'on, Instituto Polit'ecnico Nacional, M'exico City, M'exico
| | - J A Matthews
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - J A Morales-Soto
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Omodei
- Department of Physics, Stanford University: Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA
| | - Y Pérez Araujo
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - D Salazar-Gallegos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Serna-Franco
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Y Son
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - R Torres-Escobedo
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - R Turner
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - F Ureña-Mena
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - L Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - X Wang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - I J Watson
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - E Willox
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - S Yun-Cárcamo
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - C de León
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J F Beacom
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Linden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K C Y Ng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - A H G Peter
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - B Zhou
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Bagnaschi E, Sakurai K, Borsato M, Buchmueller O, Citron M, Costa JC, De Roeck A, Dolan MJ, Ellis JR, Flächer H, Heinemeyer S, Lucio M, Martínez Santos D, Olive KA, Richards A, Spanos VC, Suárez Fernández I, Weiglein G. Likelihood analysis of the pMSSM11 in light of LHC 13-TeV data. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2018; 78:256. [PMID: 31258409 PMCID: PMC6560709 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We use MasterCode to perform a frequentist analysis of the constraints on a phenomenological MSSM model with 11 parameters, the pMSSM11, including constraints from ∼ 36 /fb of LHC data at 13 TeV and PICO, XENON1T and PandaX-II searches for dark matter scattering, as well as previous accelerator and astrophysical measurements, presenting fits both with and without the( g - 2 ) μ constraint. The pMSSM11 is specified by the following parameters: 3 gaugino masses M 1 , 2 , 3 , a common mass for the first-and second-generation squarks m q ~ and a distinct third-generation squark mass m q ~ 3 , a common mass for the first-and second-generation sleptons m ℓ ~ and a distinct third-generation slepton mass m τ ~ , a common trilinear mixing parameter A, the Higgs mixing parameter μ , the pseudoscalar Higgs mass M A and tan β . In the fit including( g - 2 ) μ , a Bino-likeχ ~ 1 0 is preferred, whereas a Higgsino-likeχ ~ 1 0 is mildly favoured when the( g - 2 ) μ constraint is dropped. We identify the mechanisms that operate in different regions of the pMSSM11 parameter space to bring the relic density of the lightest neutralino,χ ~ 1 0 , into the range indicated by cosmological data. In the fit including( g - 2 ) μ , coannihilations withχ ~ 2 0 and the Wino-likeχ ~ 1 ± or with nearly-degenerate first- and second-generation sleptons are active, whereas coannihilations with theχ ~ 2 0 and the Higgsino-likeχ ~ 1 ± or with first- and second-generation squarks may be important when the( g - 2 ) μ constraint is dropped. In the two cases, we present χ 2 functions in two-dimensional mass planes as well as their one-dimensional profile projections and best-fit spectra. Prospects remain for discovering strongly-interacting sparticles at the LHC, in both the scenarios with and without the( g - 2 ) μ constraint, as well as for discovering electroweakly-interacting sparticles at a future lineare + e - collider such as the ILC or CLIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Sakurai
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Borsato
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - O. Buchmueller
- High Energy Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - M. Citron
- High Energy Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - J. C. Costa
- High Energy Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - A. De Roeck
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Antwerp University, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - M. J. Dolan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Terascale, School of Physics, University of Melbourne, 3010 Melbourne, Australia
| | - J. R. Ellis
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Rävala 10, 10143 Tallinn, Estonia
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H. Flächer
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - S. Heinemeyer
- Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, C/ Nicolas Cabrera 13-15, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), Avda. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M. Lucio
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Martínez Santos
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K. A. Olive
- William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Richards
- High Energy Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - V. C. Spanos
- Section of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - I. Suárez Fernández
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G. Weiglein
- DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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