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Suwardy J, Akhir MPM, Kurniawan R, Hermanto BR, Anshori I, Fauzi MH. Simulation of Laser-Heating and Energetic Plasma Plume Expansion in Pulsed Laser Deposition of Y 3Fe 5O 12. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2012. [PMID: 36422441 PMCID: PMC9693144 DOI: 10.3390/mi13112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, numerically iterative models are employed to study two processes involved in the pulsed laser deposition of an Y3Fe5O12 target. The 1D conduction heat model is used to evaluate the temperature of the target irradiated by a nano-second pulse laser, taking into account the plasma shielding effect. Further, the gas dynamics model is employed to simulate the kinetic of plasma plume expansion. The results may be important in obtaining high-quality Y3Fe5O12 thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joko Suwardy
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Muzakkiy Putra Muhammad Akhir
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Robi Kurniawan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Beni Rio Hermanto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Isa Anshori
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Hamzah Fauzi
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Quantum Technology 2.0, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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Laser Ablation of Aluminum Near the Critical Regime: A Computational Gas-Dynamical Model with Temperature-Dependent Physical Parameters. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030300. [PMID: 33809316 PMCID: PMC8001247 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the phenomena simultaneously occurring, from the very first instants of high-power laser pulse interaction with the target up to the phase explosion, along with the strong changes in chemical-physical properties of matter, makes modeling laser ablation a hard task, especially near the thermodynamic critical regime. In this work, we report a computational model of an aluminum target irradiated in vacuum by a gaussian-shaped pulse of 20 ns duration, with a peak intensity of the order of GW/cm2. This continuum model covers laser energy deposition and temperature evolution in the irradiated target, along with the mass removal mechanism involved, and the vaporized material expansion. Aluminum was considered to be a case study due to the vast literature on the temperature dependence of its thermodynamic, optical, and transport properties that were used to estimate time-dependent values of surface-vapor quantities (vapor pressure, vapor density, vapor and surface temperature) and vapor gas-dynamical quantities (density, velocity, pressure) as it expands into vacuum. Very favorable agreement is reported with experimental data regarding: mass removal and crater depth due to vaporization, generated recoil momentum, and vapor flow velocity expansion.
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Experimental Investigations on Laser Ablation of Aluminum in Sub-Picosecond Regimes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10248883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to high power and ultrashort pulses, femtosecond lasers excel at (but are not limited to) processing materials whose thicknesses are less than 500 microns. Numerous experiments and theoretical analyses testify to the fact that there are solid grounds for the applications of ultrafast laser micromachining. However, with high costs and complexity of these devices, a sub-picosecond laser that might be an alternative when it comes to various micromachining applications, such as patterns and masks in thin metal foils, micro-nozzles, thermo-detectors, MEMS (micro electro-mechanical systems), sensors, etc. Furthermore, the investigation of sub-picosecond laser interactions with matter could provide more knowledge on the ablation mechanisms and experimental verification of existing models for ultrashort pulse regimes. In this article, we present the research on sub-picosecond laser interactions with thin aluminum foil under various laser pulse parameters. Research was conducted with two types of ultrafast lasers: a prototype sub-picosecond Yb:KYW laser (650 fs) and a commercially available femtosecond Ti:S laser (35 fs). The results show how the variables such as pulse width, energy, frequency, wavelength and irradiation time affect the micromachining process.
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Yuan J, Liang L, Lin G, Li X, Jiang M. Experimental study on the laser-matter-plume interaction and its effects on ablation characteristics during nanosecond pulsed laser scanning ablation process. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:23204-23216. [PMID: 31510603 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.023204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed lasers have been widely applied to interact with and characterize many different materials. For the purpose of a broader application, the current challenge is to achieve a speedup of ablation process, which is commonly thought to be possible by raising the on-target laser intensity. But the use of high intensity lasers results in severe laser-matter-plume interaction, leading to unwanted effects (e.g. saturation, shielding and thermal damage), which further affect the ablation process and ablation quality. However, laser-matter-plume interaction and its effects on ablation characteristics during laser scanning ablation processes are not well understood. In this paper, shadowgraph images and optical images during a laser ablation process were taken with a pump-probe shadowgraph imaging setup and an ultrahigh-speed camera. The results demonstrate that, under a high incoming laser density, laser-matter-plume interaction presents a periodical process, and thus cause a major impact on ablation regimes and microstructure formations. Moreover, the characteristics of micromorphologies and ejected particles suggest that the laser-matter-plume interaction has a significant influence on the ablation process, which, in turn, provides a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of laser-matter-plume interaction on the scanning ablation process. Consequently, laser-matter-plume interaction and its influence on the ablation process were summarized and clarified.
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A Model of Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metal with Considering Plasma Shielding and Non-Fourier Effect. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a non-Fourier heat conduction model of ultra-short pulsed laser ablation of metal is established that takes into account the effect of the heat source, laser heating of the target, the evaporation and phase explosion of target material, the formation and expansion of the plasma plume, and interaction of the plasma plume with the incoming laser. Temperature dependent optical and thermophysical properties are also considered in the model due to the properties of the target will change over a wide range during the ultra-short pulsed laser ablation process. The results show that the plasma shielding has a great influence on the process of ultra-short pulsed laser ablation, especially at higher laser fluence. The non-Fourier effect has a great influence on the temperature characteristics and ablation depth of the target. The ultra-short pulsed laser ablation can effectively reduce the heat affected zone compared to nanosecond pulsed laser ablation. The comparison between the simulation results and the experimental results in the literature shows that the model with the plasma shielding and the non-Fourier effect can simulate the ultra-short pulsed laser ablation process better.
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V. Oriani A, Cojocaru P, Monzani C, Vallés E, Gómez E. Aluminium electrodeposition from a novel hydrophobic ionic liquid tetramethyl guanidinium-perfluoro-3-oxa-4,5 dichloro-pentan-sulphonate. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zaghloul MR, Raffray AR. IFE Liquid Wall Response to the Prompt X-Ray Energy Deposition: Investigation of Physical Processes and Assessment of Ablated Material. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mofreh R. Zaghloul
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Sciences Department of Physics, P.O.B. 17551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - A. René Raffray
- University of California, San Diego Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Center for Energy Research 460 EBU-II, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0438
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Mazzi A, Miotello A. Simulation of phase explosion in the nanosecond laser ablation of aluminum. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 489:126-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu C, Karim ET, Volkov AN, Zhigilei LV. Atomic Movies of Laser-Induced Structural and Phase Transformations from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LASERS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02898-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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10
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Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Laser-Materials Interactions: General and Material-Specific Mechanisms of Material Removal and Generation of Crystal Defects. FUNDAMENTALS OF LASER-ASSISTED MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05987-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Ikeda A, Matsumoto M, Ogura S, Okano T, Fukutani K. Knudsen layer formation in laser induced thermal desorption. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:124705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4795827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Benavides O, Lebedeva O, Golikov V. Reflection of nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses in ablation of metals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:21842-21848. [PMID: 22109035 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.021842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hemispherical total reflectivity of copper, nickel, and tungsten in ablation by nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses in air of atmospheric pressure is experimentally studied as a function of laser fluence in the range of 0.1-100 J/cm(2). Our experiment shows that at laser fluences below the plasma formation threshold the reflectivity of mechanically polished metals remains virtually equal to the table room-temperature reflectivity values. The hemispherical total reflectivity of the studied metals begins to drop at a laser fluence of the plasma formation threshold. With increasing laser fluence above the plasma formation threshold the reflectivity sharply decreases to a low value and then remains unchanged with further increasing laser fluence. Computation of the surface temperature at the plasma formation threshold fluence reveals that its value is substantially below the melting point that indicates an important role of the surface nanostructural defects in the plasma formation on a real sample due to their enhanced heating caused by both plasmonic absorption and plasmonic nanofocusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Benavides
- Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Cd. del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico.
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Zhigilei LV, Lin Z, Ivanov DS, Leveugle E, Duff WH, Thomas D, Sevilla C, Guy SJ. Atomic/Molecular-Level Simulations of Laser–Materials Interactions. LASER-SURFACE INTERACTIONS FOR NEW MATERIALS PRODUCTION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03307-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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14
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Brady JJ, Judge EJ, Levis RJ. Mass spectrometry of intact neutral macromolecules using intense non-resonant femtosecond laser vaporization with electrospray post-ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3151-3157. [PMID: 19714710 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intact, nonvolatile, biological macromolecules can be transferred directly from the solid state into the gas phase, in ambient air, for subsequent mass spectral analysis using non-resonant femtosecond (fs) laser desorption combined with electrospray ionization (ESI). Mass spectral measurements for neat samples, including a dipeptide, protoporphyrin IX and vitamin B12 adsorbed on a glass insulating surface, were obtained using an 800 nm, 70 fs laser with an intensity of 10(13) W cm(-2). No appreciable signal was detected when atmospheric matrix-assisted or neat (matrix-free) fs laser desorption was performed without ESI, indicating neutral desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Brady
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Chen Z, Vertes A. Early plume expansion in atmospheric pressure midinfrared laser ablation of water-rich targets. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:036316. [PMID: 18517520 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.036316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a one-dimensional fluid dynamics model for the ablation of water-rich targets by nanosecond infrared laser pulses at atmospheric pressure. To describe the laser-target interaction and the plume expansion dynamics, in light of recent experimental results the model incorporates phase explosion due to superheating and the nonlinear light absorption properties of water. In the model, the phase explosion is treated as a prolonged process that lasts for a finite time. Once a thin layer beneath the target surface exceeds the phase explosion temperature, this layer is transformed from target material into a mixture of water vapor and droplets and become part of the plume. This process is sustained for some time until the laser energy cannot maintain it. The simulation results show that as a result of two different phase transition mechanisms, i.e., surface evaporation and phase explosion, a first, slower plume expansion phase is followed by a more vigorous accelerated expansion phase. The calculated time evolution of the shock front at various fluence levels agrees well with the experimental observations of Apitz and Vogel [I. Apitz and A. Vogel, Appl. Phys. A. 81, 329 (2005)]. This model sheds light on the effect of phase explosion in laser ablation dynamics and its results are relevant for material synthesis, surface analysis, and medical (surgery) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Lu Q. Thermodynamic evolution of phase explosion during high-power nanosecond laser ablation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:016410. [PMID: 12636614 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.016410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is argued that phase explosion plays an important role during high-power laser ablation. A theoretical model which includes the effect of an expanding mass plasma has been developed to describe the process of phase explosion during the interactions of a high-power nanosecond laser pulse on an aluminum target. For a laser with a 3-ns pulse duration, if the laser intensity is high enough (>or=5 x 10(10) W/cm(2)), phase explosion was found to occur after the completion of the laser pulse, but not during the process of laser energy deposition. This result is consistent with recent experiments. It is also found that the pressure of the induced ablation plasma plays a crucial role in the process of phase explosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanming Lu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Itina TE, Hermann J, Delaporte P, Sentis M. Laser-generated plasma plume expansion: combined continuous-microscopic modeling. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 66:066406. [PMID: 12513411 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.066406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The physical phenomena involved in the interaction of a laser-generated plasma plume with a background gas are studied numerically. A three-dimensional combined model is developed to describe the plasma plume formation and its expansion in vacuum or into a background gas. The proposed approach takes advantages of both continuous and microscopic descriptions. The simulation technique is suitable for the simulation of high-rate laser ablation for a wide range of background pressure. The model takes into account the mass diffusion and the energy exchange between the ablated and background species, as well as the collective motion of the ablated species and the background-gas particles. The developed approach is used to investigate the influence of the background gas on the expansion dynamics of the plume obtained during the laser ablation of aluminum. At moderate pressures, both plume and gas compressions are weak and the process is mainly governed by the diffusive mixing. At higher pressures, the interaction is determined by the plume-gas pressure interplay, the plume front is strongly compressed, and its center exhibits oscillations. In this case, the snowplough effect takes place, leading to the formation of a compressed gas layer in front of the plume. The background pressure needed for the beginning of the snowplough effect is determined from the plume and gas density profiles obtained at various pressures. Simulation results are compared with experimentally measured density distributions. It is shown that the calculations suggest localized formation of molecules during reactive laser ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E Itina
- Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procedés Photoniques, LP3-FRE 2165 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Case 917, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 9, France.
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Bulgakova NM, Bourakov IM, Bulgakova NA. Rarefaction shock wave: formation under short pulse laser ablation of solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 63:046311. [PMID: 11308949 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.046311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate formation, dynamics, and decay of the rarefaction shock wave under the conditions of ultrashort pulse laser ablation of solids. On the basis of the Euler equation and the van der Waals equation, we consider the planar and spherical expansion into vacuum matter heated instantaneously above the thermodynamic critical temperature. When the expansion occurs along an abnormal adiabat, in a part of which ( partial differential(2)p/ partial differentialv(2))/(S)<0, a rarefaction shock wave moving toward the target is formed. After its reflection from the nonvaporized material of the target, a thin dense layer of the expanding material is found to be formed. We suggest that this is the explanation for interference patterns observed experimentally above laser ablated surfaces. It has been speculated that the rarefaction shock wave may be formed on nova outbursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Bulgakova
- Institute of Thermophysics, prospect Lavrentyev 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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