1
|
Lee S, Lee W, Jung HT, Ross CA. Selective Deposition of Copper on Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Surfaces via Physical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52931-52937. [PMID: 34705438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly produces chemically and topographically patterned surfaces which are used to guide the formation of Cu nanostructures by exploiting differences in the mobility of vapor-deposited species on each microdomain. Cu metal films a few nm thick were deposited on three different BCP surfaces self-assembled from poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) and polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP). For PS-b-PMMA, the effects of chemical heterogeneity dominate over the effects of the 2 nm peak-to-valley topography, and sputtered Cu preferentially wets the PS block. PS-b-P2VP has greater chemical and topographical contrast and shows a wider process window for selective deposition. Cu grown by evaporation has less surface mobility, and shadowing effects are believed to dominate pattern formation. The hierarchical self-assembly process of thin metal films on BCP surfaces provides a route to fabricating heterogeneous metallic nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wonmoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schaper SJ, Löhrer FC, Xia S, Geiger C, Schwartzkopf M, Pandit P, Rubeck J, Fricke B, Frenzke S, Hinz AM, Carstens N, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Faupel F, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Revealing the growth of copper on polystyrene- block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer thin films with in situ GISAXS. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10555-10565. [PMID: 34100512 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) as an excellent electrical conductor and the amphiphilic diblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) as a polymer electrolyte and ionic conductor can be combined with an active material in composite electrodes for polymer lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As interfaces are a key issue in LIBs, sputter deposition of Cu contacts on PS-b-PEO thin films with high PEO fraction is investigated with in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) to follow the formation of the Cu layer in real-time. We observe a hierarchical morphology of Cu clusters building larger Cu agglomerates. Two characteristic distances corresponding to the PS-b-PEO microphase separation and the Cu clusters are determined. A selective agglomeration of Cu clusters on the PS domains explains the origin of the persisting hierarchical morphology of the Cu layer even after a complete surface coverage is reached. The spheroidal shape of the Cu clusters growing within the first few nanometers of sputter deposition causes a highly porous Cu-polymer interface. Four growth stages are distinguished corresponding to different kinetics of the cluster growth of Cu on PS-b-PEO thin films: (I) nucleation, (II) diffusion-driven growth, (III) adsorption-driven growth, and (IV) grain growth of Cu clusters. Percolation is reached at an effective Cu layer thickness of 5.75 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Schaper
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Franziska C Löhrer
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Senlin Xia
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christina Geiger
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schwartzkopf
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pallavi Pandit
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Rubeck
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Fricke
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susann Frenzke
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M Hinz
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Niko Carstens
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. and Heinz Maier-Leibniz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gensch M, Schwartzkopf M, Ohm W, Brett CJ, Pandit P, Vayalil SK, Bießmann L, Kreuzer LP, Drewes J, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Faupel F, Stierle A, Müller-Buschbaum P, Roth SV. Correlating Nanostructure, Optical and Electronic Properties of Nanogranular Silver Layers during Polymer-Template-Assisted Sputter Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29416-29426. [PMID: 31313904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the optical and electronic properties of nanostructured polymer-metal composites demonstrates great potential for efficient fabrication of modern organic optical and electronic devices such as flexible sensors, transistors, diodes, or photovoltaics. Self-assembled polymer-metal nanocomposites offer an excellent perspective for creating hierarchical nanostructures on macroscopic scales by simple bottom-up processes. We investigate the growth processes of nanogranular silver (Ag) layers on diblock copolymer thin film templates during sputter deposition. The Ag growth is strongly driven by self-assembly and selective wetting on the lamella structure of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate). We correlate the emerging nanoscale morphologies with collective optical and electronic properties and quantify the difference in Ag growth on the corresponding homopolymer thin films. Thus, we are able to determine the influence of the respective polymer template and observe substrate effects on the Ag cluster percolation threshold, which affects the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT). Optical spectroscopy in the UV-vis regime reveals localized surface plasmon resonance for the metal-polymer composite. Their maximum absorption is observed around the IMT due to the subsequent long-range electron conduction in percolated nanogranular Ag layers. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we identify the oxidation of Ag at the acrylate side chains as an essential influencing factor driving the selective wetting behavior in the early growth stages. The results of polymer-templated cluster growth are corroborated by atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gensch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Calvin J Brett
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Pallavi Pandit
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Lorenz Bießmann
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Lucas P Kreuzer
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jonas Drewes
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft , Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2 , D-24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft , Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2 , D-24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft , Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2 , D-24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft , Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2 , D-24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Physics Department , University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149 , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibniz Zentrum (MLZ) , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sethi V, Sen D, Ganguli AK. Hydrotrope-Driven Self-Assembly in CTAB/ n-Hexanol/Water/Heptane Reverse Micellar System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6683-6692. [PMID: 31022342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization of nanoparticles into one-dimensional (1D) nanochains leads to new unpredicted physiochemical properties, which are further exploited to develop photonic or electronic devices. Thus, the controlled fabrication of 1D nanochains requires nanotemplate, which acts as building blocks for the self-assembly of nanoparticles. To address this issue, we designed a hydrotrope (sodium salicylate)-based CTAB/ n-hexanol/water/heptane reverse micellar system. Hydrotrope, herein, modulates electrostatic interactions between reverse micellar droplets and paves the way for the formation of self-assembled structures. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies were performed on the CTAB/heptane reverse micellar system by varying hydrotrope concentrations and water-to-surfactant ratios (W x). The aqueous content of the reverse micellar pool is determined from the W x value, where W x = [H2O]/[CTAB] and [CTAB] = 0.05 M. SAXS studies were performed for CTAB/heptane reverse micellar systems at three different W x values, that is, 6, 12, and 16 and represented by W6, W12, and W16, respectively. All SAXS profiles were modeled with a spherical form factor and a Baxter sticky hard sphere structure factor. The interaction between droplets was predicted in terms of stickiness parameter. The effect of W x on the formation of self-assembled structures and forces governing the assembly has been discussed in detail. For the W6 system, the electrostatic repulsion between reverse micellar droplets decreases, resulting in the formation of the 1D chain-like assembly of nanodroplets. In the case of the W12 system, the dual feature of the hydrotrope has been observed, it increases the size of the reverse micellar system and reduces electrostatic repulsion between droplets because of which the formation of chain-like assemblies cannot be determined with accuracy. For the W16 system, the decrease in micellar size with the increase in the hydrotrope concentration has been observed. Thus, our reverse micellar templates may provide a comprehensive method for the fabrication of high aspect ratio 1D nanochains of a variety of materials and harnessing their collective properties for magnetic, catalytic, and opto-electronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Sethi
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Debasis Sen
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094 , India
| | - Ashok K Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 , India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A versatile nanoarray electrode produced from block copolymer thin films for specific detection of proteins. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
6
|
Characterizations of Rapid Sintered Nanosilver Joint for Attaching Power Chips. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9070564. [PMID: 28773686 PMCID: PMC5456888 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sintering of nanosilver paste has been extensively studied as a lead-free die-attach solution for bonding semiconductor power chips, such as the power insulated gated bipolar transistor (IGBT). However, for the traditional method of bonding IGBT chips, an external pressure of a few MPa is reported necessary for the sintering time of ~1 h. In order to shorten the processing duration time, we developed a rapid way to sinter nanosilver paste for bonding IGBT chips in less than 5 min using pulsed current. In this way, we firstly dried as-printed paste at about 100 °C to get rid of many volatile solvents because they may result in defects or voids during the out-gassing from the paste. Then, the pre-dried paste was further heated by pulse current ranging from 1.2 kA to 2.4 kA for several seconds. The whole procedure was less than 3 min and did not require any gas protection. We could obtain robust sintered joint with shear strength of 30–35 MPa for bonding 1200-V, 25-A IGBT and superior thermal properties. Static and dynamic electrical performance of the as-bonded IGBT assemblies was also characterized to verify the feasibility of this rapid sintering method. The results indicate that the electrical performance is comparable or even partially better than that of commercial IGBT modules. The microstructure evolution of the rapid sintered joints was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This work may benefit the wide usage of nanosilver paste for rapid bonding IGBT chips in the future.
Collapse
|
7
|
Erb DJ, Schlage K, Röhlsberger R. Uniform metal nanostructures with long-range order via three-step hierarchical self-assembly. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500751. [PMID: 26601139 PMCID: PMC4640591 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale nanopatterning is a major issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology, but conventional top-down approaches are challenging because of instrumentation and process complexity while often lacking the desired spatial resolution. We present a hierarchical bottom-up nanopatterning routine using exclusively self-assembly processes: By combining crystal surface reconstruction, microphase separation of copolymers, and selective metal diffusion, we produce monodisperse metal nanostructures in highly regular arrays covering areas of square centimeters. In situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering during Fe nanostructure formation evidences an outstanding structural order in the self-assembling system and hints at the possibility of sculpting nanostructures using external process parameters. Thus, we demonstrate that bottom-up nanopatterning is a competitive alternative to top-down routines, achieving comparable pattern regularity, feature size, and patterned areas with considerably reduced effort. Intriguing assets of the proposed fabrication approach include the option for in situ investigations during pattern formation, the possibility of customizing the nanostructure morphology, the capacity to pattern arbitrarily large areas with ultrahigh structure densities unachievable by top-down approaches, and the potential to address the nanostructures individually. Numerous applications of self-assembled nanostructure patterns can be envisioned, for example, in high-density magnetic data storage, in functional nanostructured materials for photonics or catalysis, or in surface plasmon resonance-based sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise J. Erb
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | | | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kreuzer M, Simão C, Diaz A, Sotomayor Torres CM. Formation of Titanium Nanostructures on Block Copolymer Templates with Varying Molecular Weights. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501605s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kreuzer
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Claudia Simão
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Metwalli E, Krisch I, Markovits I, Rawolle M, Ruderer MA, Guo S, Wyrzgol S, Jentys A, Perlich J, Lercher JA, Müller-Buschbaum P. Polymer-Coated PtCo Nanoparticles Deposited on Diblock Copolymer Templates: Chemical Selectivity versus Topographical Effects. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2236-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
10
|
Cui G, Fujikawa M, Nagano S, Sano M, Takase H, Miyazaki T, Sakurai S, Yamamoto K. Perpendicular oriented cylinders via directional coalescence of spheres embedded in block copolymer films induced by solvent annealing. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Amarandei G, O'Dwyer C, Arshak A, Corcoran D. Fractal patterning of nanoparticles on polymer films and their SERS capabilities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:8655-8662. [PMID: 23980932 DOI: 10.1021/am402285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate control, via electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) induced polymer instabilities and nanoparticle mobility, of hierarchical fractal arrangements of gold nanoparticles on patterned thin polymer films. The induced changes in the film curvature enhance fractal formation for high and not for low mobility nanoparticles. The high mobility nanoparticles cluster in circular fractal networks on the rims of a hexagonally ordered array of EHD-induced polymer peaks. These arrangements exhibit plasmonic properties for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Amarandei
- Department of Physics and Energy and ⊥Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick , Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amarandei G, O'Dwyer C, Arshak A, Thiele U, Steiner U, Corcoran D. Effect of Au nanoparticle spatial distribution on the stability of thin polymer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6706-6714. [PMID: 23688358 DOI: 10.1021/la400659q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The stability of thin poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) films of low molecular weight on a solid substrate is controlled by the areal coverage of gold nanoparticles (NPs) present at the air-polymer interface. As the polymer becomes liquid the Au NPs are free to diffuse, coalesce, and aggregate while the polymer film can change its morphology through viscous flow. These processes lead at the same time to the formation of a fractal network of Au NPs and to the development of spinodal instabilities of the free surface of the polymer films. For thinner films a single wavelength is observed, while for thicker films two wavelengths compete. With continued heating the aggregation process results in a decrease in coverage, the networks evolve into disordered particle assemblies, while the polymer films flatten again. The disordering occurs first on the smallest scales and coincides (in thicker films) with the disappearance of the smaller wavelength. The subsequent disordering on larger scales causes the films to flatten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Amarandei
- Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gerasin VA, Antipov EM, Karbushev VV, Kulichikhin VG, Karpacheva GP, Talroze RV, Kudryavtsev YV. New approaches to the development of hybrid nanocomposites: from structural materials to high-tech applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n04abeh004322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Metwalli E, Körstgens V, Schlage K, Meier R, Kaune G, Buffet A, Couet S, Roth SV, Röhlsberger R, Müller-Buschbaum P. Cobalt nanoparticles growth on a block copolymer thin film: a time-resolved GISAXS study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6331-6340. [PMID: 23679799 DOI: 10.1021/la400741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt sputter deposition on a nanostructured polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide), P(S-b-EO), template is followed in real time with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). The polymer template consists of highly oriented parallel crystalline poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) domains that are sandwiched between two polystyrene (PS) domains. In-situ GISAXS shows that cobalt atoms selectively decorate the PS domains of the microphase-separated polymer film and then aggregate to form surface metal nanopatterns. The polymer template is acting as a directing agent where cobalt metal nanowires are formed. At high metal load, the characteristic selectivity of the template is lost, and a uniform metal layer forms on the polymer surface. During the early stage of cobalt metal deposition, a highly asymmetric nanoparticles agglomeration is dominating structure formation. The cobalt nanoparticles mobility in combination with the high tendency of the nanoparticles to coalescence and to form immobile large-sized particles at the PS domains are discussed as mechanisms of structure formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezzeldin Metwalli
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yan LT, Xie XM. Computational modeling and simulation of nanoparticle self-assembly in polymeric systems: Structures, properties and external field effects. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
16
|
Karim TB, McKenna GB. Evidence of surface softening in polymers and their nanocomposites as determined by spontaneous particle embedment. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Sun M, Zhang JJ, Wang B, Wu HS, Pan J. Domain patterns in a diblock copolymer-diblock copolymer mixture with oscillatory particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:011802. [PMID: 21867200 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.011802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the orientational order transition of striped patterns in microphase structures of diblock copolymer-diblock copolymer mixtures in the presence of periodic oscillatory particles. Under certain conditions, although the macrophase separation of a system is almost isotropic, microphase separation of one diblock copolymer takes place and becomes anisotropic gradually. By changing the oscillatory frequency and amplitude, the orientational order transition of a striped microphase structure from the state parallel to the oscillatory direction to the state perpendicular to the oscillatory direction is observed. We also find that the order transition occurs when we change the initial composition ratio. Furthermore, we examine the domain size and the orientational order parameter of microstructure in the process of orientational order transition. The results may provide guidance for experimentalists. This model system can also give a simple way to realize orientational order transition of soft materials by changing the oscillatory field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Torrisi V, Ruffino F, Licciardello A, Grimaldi MG, Marletta G. Memory effects in annealed hybrid gold nanoparticles/block copolymer bilayers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:167. [PMID: 21711674 PMCID: PMC3211219 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of the self-organization process of sputtered gold nanoparticles on a self-assembled block copolymer film deposited by horizontal precipitation Langmuir-Blodgett (HP-LB) method. The morphology and the phase-separation of a film of poly-n-butylacrylate-block-polyacrylic acid (PnBuA-b-PAA) were studied at the nanometric scale by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The templating capability of the PnBuA-b-PAA phase-separated film was studied by sputtering gold nanoparticles (NPs), forming a film of nanometric thickness. The effect of the polymer chain mobility onto the organization of gold nanoparticle layer was assessed by heating the obtained hybrid PnBuA-b-PAA/Au NPs bilayer at T >Tg. The nanoparticles' distribution onto the different copolymer domains was found strongly affected by the annealing treatment, showing a peculiar memory effect, which modifies the AFM phase response of the Au NPs layer onto the polar domains, without affecting their surfacial composition. The effect is discussed in terms of the peculiar morphological features induced by enhanced mobility of polymer chains on the Au NPs layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanna Torrisi
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and MATIS CNR-IMM, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Licciardello
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Grimaldi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and MATIS CNR-IMM, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Perepichka II, Badia A, Bazuin CG. Nanostrand formation of block copolymers at the air/water interface. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6825-6835. [PMID: 20979365 DOI: 10.1021/nn101318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers consisting of a network of nanostrands have occasionally been reported in the literature, but are often coexistent with other morphologies, which is not useful for potential applications. With the use of PS-P4VP/PDP, a polystyrene-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) diblock copolymer of 12 mol % VP content mixed with 3-pentadecylphenol, it is shown that the disordered nanostrand network morphology can be obtained reproducibly and uniformly over large surface areas by spreading chloroform solutions of relatively high copolymer concentration. Use of a more slowly evaporating spreading solvent, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and a low subphase temperature, 8-9 °C, results in much more densely aligned nanostrands. Poorly spreading solvents such as nitrobenzene produce the well-known fingerprint pattern often observed in spin- or dip-coated thin films of block copolymers. A mechanism for nanostrand network formation is proposed that involves the momentary formation of a fingerprint morphology in spreading drops followed by its breakup at the level of the mobile P4VP/PDP stripes as spreading continues, leaving P4VP-anchored PS nanostrands floating on the water surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna I Perepichka
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Auto-Assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mkhonta SK, Elder KR, Grant M. Novel mechanical properties in lamellar phases of liquid-crystalline diblock copolymers. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2010; 32:349-355. [PMID: 20680381 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2010-10636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Structural properties of flexible nematic diblock copolymers in the lamellar phase are investigated using a mean-field model. We address two complementary questions on the mechanics of the system: 1) How does the nematic order affect the elasticity of the one-dimensional solid? 2) What effect does the block copolymer microstructure has on the orientation of the nematic director? In the limit when the microstructure does not influence the nematic director orientation we predict a soft lamellar compression mode. When the microstructure does influence the nematic director orientation, small compressions lead to conventional elasticity, until a critical strain is reached, where there is then a transition to a softer response. On the other hand, we show that an identifiable lamellar symmetry provides a direction along which the nematic director prefers to align. Our model provides avenues to explore nonlinear properties of flexible diblock copolymers in which the monomers on both sides have mesogenic side groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Mkhonta
- Department of Physics, University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tal’roze RV, Shandryuk GA, Merekalov AS, Shatalova AM, Otmakhova OA. Alignment of nanoparticles in polymer matrices. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x09110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Metwalli E, Moulin JF, Perlich J, Wang W, Diethert A, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Polymer-template-assisted growth of gold nanowires using a novel flow-stream technique. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11815-11821. [PMID: 19572494 DOI: 10.1021/la901432j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing a fluidic device, a gold nanoparticle dispersion is cast onto a nanostructured polymer template using solution subjected to hydrodynamic flow. With in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), the progressive gold deposition from a stream of gold solution onto the polymer template of a diblock copolymer with parallel cylinder morphology arranged into powder-like domains is investigated. The continuously flowing solution causes a systematic increase in the X-ray contrast between both of the microphase-separated blocks of the block copolymer film, indicating flow-induced selective gold immobilization on one block. Both in situ GISAXS data and atomic force microscopy of the metal-deposited polymer film prove the 1D coalescence of nanoparticles into continuous nanowires. With additional gold nanoparticle upload by the continuous flow-stream method, the selectivity of the nanoparticle deposition diminishes as a result of the formation of a pseudo uniform gold layer. Consequently, this flow-stream deposition technique introduces an easy alternative method to the vapor deposition technique for surface gold nanopatterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Metwalli
- TU München, Physik Department LS E13, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maire HC, Ibrahim S, Li Y, Ito T. Effects of substrate roughness on the orientation of cylindrical domains in thin films of a polystyrene–poly(methylmethacrylate) diblock copolymer studied using atomic force microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Akasaka S, Mori H, Osaka T, Mareau VH, Hasegawa H. Controlled Introduction of Metal Nanoparticles into a Microdomain Structure. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802674k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Akasaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Taketsugu Osaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Vincent H. Mareau
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Davis JR, Panagiotopoulos AZ. Monte Carlo simulations of amphiphilic nanoparticle self-assembly. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:194706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3009183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
27
|
Metwalli E, Couet S, Schlage K, Röhlsberger R, Körstgens V, Ruderer M, Wang W, Kaune G, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. In situ GISAXS investigation of gold sputtering onto a polymer template. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:4265-4272. [PMID: 18302441 DOI: 10.1021/la7038587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microphase-separation structures in mixed diblock-triblock copolymer thin films are used for the incorporation of gold atoms inside the polymer matrix via sputtering of gold. Polystyrene (PS) spheres are arranged in a liquidlike type with a well defined nearest neighbor distance inside a polyisoprene matrix acting as a template for directing the gold atoms. Sputtering conditions are selected with a very low sputtering rate to avoid clustering in the atmosphere so that gold reaches the polymer surface in its atomic state. Due to the mobility of the gold atoms and the selective interaction with the PS parts of the microphase separation structure, gold is accumulated inside the polymer film in the PS spheres, as probed in situ with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). Nominally 4.3 A of gold is deposited, which by diffusion is spread out vertically over a thickness of 280 nm. UV-vis spectroscopy reveals a small blue shift for the gold sputtered polymer film. Atomic force microscopy proves the absence of gold clusters on the film surface. For low sputtering rate, GISAXS proves good sensitivity for gold migration inside the polymer film and opens new possibilities for studying polymer-metal interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Metwalli
- TU München, Physik Department LS E13, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Chattopadhyay S, Datta A. Effect of Polymer Confinement: Tuning Self-Assembled Growth of Monodisperse Au Nanoparticles on Polystyrene Films. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0624088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Chattopadhyay
- Surface Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Alokmay Datta
- Surface Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pryamitsyn V, Ganesan V. Strong Segregation Theory of Block Copolymer−Nanoparticle Composites. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0613382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pryamitsyn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
You JP, Choi JH, Kim S, Li X, Williams RS, Ragan R. Regular arrays of monodisperse platinum/erbium disilicide core-shell nanowires and nanoparticles on Si(001) via a self-assembled template. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:1858-62. [PMID: 16967991 DOI: 10.1021/nl060640l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a process for fabricating monodisperse noble metal/rare earth disilicide core-shell nanoparticles and nanowires in regular arrays on Si(001) with a density of 5 x 10(10) / cm2, and over areas > 1 mm2. Pt deposited via physical vapor deposition on a self-assembled rare earth disilicide nanowire template combined with reactive ion etching produces arrays of nanostructures. SEM images demonstrate the ability to select nanowires or nanoparticles as a function of Pt coverage. Statistical analysis of images of Pt nanoparticle arrays yield a mean feature size of 8 nm with a size variation of +/- 0.9 nm and interparticle spacing of approximately 15 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Pyng You
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li WN, Yuan J, Gomez-Mower S, Sithambaram S, Suib SL. Synthesis of Single Crystal Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieve (OMS) Nanostructures with Tunable Tunnels and Shapes. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:3066-70. [PMID: 16494310 DOI: 10.1021/jp0553380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new and facile route is reported to manipulate the self-assembly synthesis of hierarchically ordered Rb-OMS-2 and pyrolusite with an interesting flowerlike morphology by a direct and mild reaction between rubidium chromateand manganese sulfate without any organic templates. The crystal forms, morphologies, and tunnel sizes of the obtained OMS materials can be controlled. A mechanism for the growth of manganese dioxides with flowerlike architectures was proposed. The obtained products exhibit potential for use in catalysis and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Li
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Minelli C, Hinderling C, Heinzelmann H, Pugin R, Liley M. Micrometer-long gold nanowires fabricated using block copolymer templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:7080-2. [PMID: 16042426 DOI: 10.1021/la050757+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-long gold nanowires were fabricated via self-assembly. Diblock copolymer films served as templates for the selective adsorption of 10 nm gold nanoparticles from solution to form well-defined nanostructures. An oxygen plasma treatment induced aggregation of the nanoparticles and the formation of continuous gold nanostructures. The electrical continuity of the nanostructures was observed using scanning electron microscopy.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yeh SW, Wei KH, Sun YS, Jeng US, Liang KS. CdS Nanoparticles Induce a Morphological Transformation of Poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) from Hexagonally Packed Cylinders to a Lamellar Structure. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
Yeh SW, Wu TL, Wei KH, Sun YS, Liang KS. Effect of incorporated CdS nanoparticles on the crystallinity and morphology of poly(styrene-b
-ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
36
|
Gopinathan A. Kinetic self-assembly of metals on copolymer templates. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:041601. [PMID: 15903676 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.041601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we seek to understand some of the fundamental processes that govern self-assembly at the nanoscale in the context of the formation of metallic structures on patterned copolymer templates. To this end, we focus on recent experiments where morphologies resulting from the evaporation-deposition of different metals on PS- b -PMMA phase-separated templates were studied. We show that the different morphologies obtained can be understood in terms of the relative importance of the energetics and kinetics. We then focus on a particular morphology: micron-long wirelike states obtained by the evaporation deposition of silver on the template. We show the existence of "nontrivial" correlations between adjacent wires that can be understood based on a purely kinetic mechanism. We also compare these correlations quantitatively to those obtained from simulations done with the relevant experimental parameters and find them in good agreement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Gopinathan
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Al-Hussein M, de Jeu WH, Lohmeijer BGG, Schubert US. Phase Behavior of the Melt of Polystyrene−Poly(ethylene oxide) Metallo-Supramolecular Diblock Copolymer with Bulky Counterions. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
38
|
Hutcheson SA, McKenna GB. Nanosphere embedding into polymer surfaces: a viscoelastic contact mechanics analysis. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:076103. [PMID: 15783830 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.076103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Teichroeb and Forrest [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 016104 (2003)] image gold nanosphere embedment into a polystyrene surface and imply the existence of a liquid surface layer. We use a viscoelastic contact mechanics model of their results to give a contrary interpretation. The surface interactions between gold and polystyrene and the indentation depth determine the loads on the nanospheres. Using bulk properties, quantitative agreement between the model and the data is obtained, implying little or no depression in the glass temperature or existence of a liquid layer at the polystyrene surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Hutcheson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang L, Luo Y, Jia X, Ji Y, You L, Zhou Q, Wei Y. Preparation of Monodisperse Platinum Nanocrystal Core−Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) Dendrimer Shell Structures as Monolayer Films. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0360220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yufei Luo
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Ji
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liping You
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qifeng Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Al-Hussein M, Lohmeijer BGG, Schubert US, de Jeu WH. Melt Morphology of Polystyrene−Poly(ethylene oxide) Metallo-Supramolecular Diblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035183z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Al-Hussein
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience and The Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - B. G. G. Lohmeijer
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience and The Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - U. S. Schubert
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience and The Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - W. H. de Jeu
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience and The Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yeh SW, Wei KH, Sun YS, Jeng US, Liang KS. Morphological Transformation of PS-b-PEO Diblock Copolymer by Selectively Dispersed Colloidal CdS Quantum Dots. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034800g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
42
|
|