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Ortiz-Rivero E, González-Gómez CD, Rica RA, Haro-González P. Effect of the Photoexcitation Wavelength and Polarization on the Generated Heat by a Nd-Doped Microspinner at the Microscale. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308534. [PMID: 38573943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Thermal control at small scales is critical for studying temperature-dependent biological systems and microfluidic processes. Concerning this, optical trapping provides a contactless method to remotely study microsized heating sources. This work introduces a birefringent luminescent microparticle of NaLuF4:Nd3+ as a local heater in a liquid system. When optically trapped with a circularly polarized laser beam, the microparticle rotates and heating is induced through multiphonon relaxation of the Nd3+ ions. The temperature increment in the surrounding medium is investigated, reaching a maximum heating of ≈5 °C within a 30 µm radius around the static particle under 51 mW laser excitation at 790 nm. Surprisingly, this study reveals that the particle's rotation minimally affects the temperature distribution, contrary to the intuitive expectation of liquid stirring. The influence of the microparticle rotation on the reduction of heating transfer is analyzed. Numerical simulations confirm that the thermal distribution remains consistent regardless of spinning. Instead, the orientation-dependence of the luminescence process emerges as a key factor responsible for the reduction in heating. The anisotropy in particle absorption and the lag between the orientation of the particle and the laser polarization angle contribute to this effect. Therefore, caution must be exercised when employing spinning polarization-dependent luminescent particles for microscale thermal analysis using rotation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ortiz-Rivero
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias & Instituto de materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Carlos D González-Gómez
- Nanoparticles Trapping Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics II, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Raúl A Rica
- Nanoparticles Trapping Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Patricia Haro-González
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias & Instituto de materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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2
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Muñoz G, Millicovsky M, Cerrudo J, Peñalva A, Machtey M, Reta J, Torres R, Campana D, Zalazar M. Exploring tear viscosity with quartz crystal microbalance technology. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:075107. [PMID: 39023347 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Tear viscosity is a critical property affecting tear distribution and ocular surface stability. While not widely established as a primary diagnostic marker, deviations from normal viscosity can impact ocular health, potentially contributing to conditions such as dry eye syndrome. Despite their importance, traditional viscometers require sample volumes that are not feasible to use with tear volume. This research introduces a novel Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)-based method for tear viscosity measurement, offering a viscometer prototype that operates with minimal sample volumes. Human tear samples, solutions used in artificial eye drops, and various commercial eye drop brands were evaluated. Results show that the QCM method aligns with established viscosity ranges. The average viscosity of healthy human tears was found to be 1.73 ± 0.61 cP, aligning with the typical range of 1-10 cP. Variability in the viscosities of eye drop can be attributed to differences in their chemical compositions. The QCM method offers benefits such as reduced sample consumption and rapid results, enhancing understanding of tear dynamics for ocular health. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to establish normative viscosity values in healthy individuals and those with dry eye syndrome, which is crucial for validating the device's clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Muñoz
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M Millicovsky
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática (CONICET-UNER), Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - J Cerrudo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - A Peñalva
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M Machtey
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - J Reta
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - R Torres
- ROMAT Creator Center, Colonia Avellaneda, Entre Ríos, Argentina and Investigador Independiente, Colaborador de la Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - D Campana
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática (CONICET-UNER), Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M Zalazar
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática (CONICET-UNER), Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
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Kislov D, Ofer D, Machnev A, Barhom H, Bobrovs V, Shalin A, Ginzburg P. Optothermal Needle-Free Injection of Vaterite Nanocapsules. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305202. [PMID: 38044325 PMCID: PMC10837343 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The propulsion and acceleration of nanoparticles with light have both fundamental and applied significance across many disciplines. Needle-free injection of biomedical nano cargoes into living tissues is among the examples. Here a new physical mechanism of laser-induced particle acceleration is explored, based on abnormal optothermal expansion of mesoporous vaterite cargoes. Vaterite nanoparticles, a metastable form of calcium carbonate, are placed on a substrate, underneath a target phantom, and accelerated toward it with the aid of a short femtosecond laser pulse. Light absorption followed by picosecond-scale thermal expansion is shown to elevate the particle's center of mass thus causing acceleration. It is shown that a 2 µm size vaterite particle, being illuminated with 0.5 W average power 100 fsec IR laser, is capable to overcome van der Waals attraction and acquire 15m sec-1 velocity. The demonstrated optothermal laser-driven needle-free injection into a phantom layer and Xenopus oocyte in vitro promotes the further development of light-responsive nanocapsules, which can be equipped with additional optical and biomedical functions for delivery, monitoring, and controllable biomedical dosage to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kislov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Daniel Ofer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Andrey Machnev
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hani Barhom
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara, 3007500, Israel
| | - Vjaceslavs Bobrovs
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, Riga, 1048, Latvia
| | - Alexander Shalin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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4
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Lai HY, Chen A, Fang PC, Yu HJ, Kuo MT. Comparing Tear Film Viscosity between Sjögren and Non-Sjögren Dry Eye Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1484. [PMID: 37511859 PMCID: PMC10381532 DOI: 10.3390/life13071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare tear film viscosity (TFV) in Sjögren and non-Sjögren dry eye diseases (DEDs). This was a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 68 DED patients were enrolled, including 32 patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS) and 36 without SS. TFV was assessed by a tear film analyzer and determined by the momentary moving speed (MMS; MMS (t) = α × t-β, t = time (s)) with its power-law fitting-derived parameters (α and β). Among the four indices of TFV (MMS (0.1 s), MMS (2.0 s), α, and β), the SS-DED patients had significantly lower MMS (0.1 s) (p = 2.01 × 10-5), α (p = 0.0375), and β (p = 0.0076). The SS-DED group also had significantly higher OSDI, lower central and nasal tear meniscus height (TMH), and higher OSS. MMS (0.1 s) was significantly correlated with nasal TMH and OSS (ρ = 0.2520, p = 0.0381 in nasal TMH; ρ = -0.3487, p = 0.0036 in OSS). Index β was not correlated with any non-TFV tests. In conclusion, MMS (0.1 s), α, and β are promising TFV indices in distinguishing SS-DED from non-SS-DED patients early. Among these TFV indices, lower MMS is the best alternative clue for detecting SS-DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yin Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung City 92842, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chiung Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hun-Ju Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tse Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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5
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Recchioni A, Mocciardini E, Ponzini E, Tavazzi S. Viscoelastic properties of the human tear film. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109083. [PMID: 35460666 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
When considering eye blinking from a tribological perspective, tear viscosity is expected to play a fundamental role. The application of rheological techniques to describe the tear film dates back to the late 1980s, but there has been a continuous need of reappraisal due to new findings in tear film biochemistry and to the development of new methods of physico-chemical characterization. This review provides an overview on tear rheological behavior by analyzing the peer-reviewed literature on this topic. Specifically, examples of in-vitro and in-vivo viscosity measurements are detailed, highlighting experimental criticalities and the need of a standard convention for rheological techniques to compare data across different studies, of analyses on tears of single individuals even within the limits of the low volume available, and of a further development of in-vivo techniques. Then, the controversial role of specific tear components on viscosity is discussed, together with the alterations associated to dry eye disease and contact lens wear. Finally, an updated focus is reported on the viscosity of artificial tears formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Recchioni
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK; Optometry & Vision Sciences Group, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emanuele Mocciardini
- University of Milano Bicocca, Corso di laurea in Ottica e Optometria, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Ponzini
- University of Milano Bicocca, Materials Science Department, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy; University of Milano Bicocca, COMiB research center, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- University of Milano Bicocca, Materials Science Department, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy; University of Milano Bicocca, COMiB research center, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milan, Italy
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6
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Arita Y, Richards JM, Mazilu M, Spalding GC, Skelton Spesyvtseva SE, Craig D, Dholakia K. Rotational Dynamics and Heating of Trapped Nanovaterite Particles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11505-11510. [PMID: 27966892 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We synthesize, optically trap, and rotate individual nanovaterite crystals with a mean particle radius of 423 nm. Rotation rates of up to 4.9 kHz in heavy water are recorded. Laser-induced heating due to residual absorption of the nanovaterite particle results in the superlinear behavior of the rotation rate as a function of trap power. A finite element method based on the Navier-Stokes model for the system allows us to determine the residual optical absorption coefficient for a trapped nanovaterite particle. This is further confirmed by the theoretical model. Our data show that the translational Stokes drag force and rotational Stokes drag torque need to be modified with appropriate correction factors to account for the power dissipated by the nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Arita
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-0022, Japan
| | - Joseph M Richards
- Illinois Wesleyan University , Bloomington, Illinois 61701, United States
| | - Michael Mazilu
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel C Spalding
- Illinois Wesleyan University , Bloomington, Illinois 61701, United States
| | - Susan E Skelton Spesyvtseva
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Craig
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-0022, Japan
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7
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de Saint Vincent MR. Optical twisting to monitor the rheology of single cells. Biorheology 2016; 53:69-80. [DOI: 10.3233/bir-15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Romodina MN, Lyubin EV, Fedyanin AA. Detection of Brownian Torque in a Magnetically-Driven Rotating Microsystem. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21212. [PMID: 26876334 PMCID: PMC4753417 DOI: 10.1038/srep21212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal fluctuations significantly affect the behavior of microscale systems rotating in shear flow, such as microvortexes, microbubbles, rotating micromotors, microactuators and other elements of lab-on-a-chip devices. The influence of Brownian torque on the motion of individual magnetic microparticles in a rotating magnetic field is experimentally determined using optical tweezers. Rotational Brownian motion induces the flattening of the breakdown transition between the synchronous and asynchronous modes of microparticle rotation. The experimental findings regarding microparticle rotation in the presence of Brownian torque are compared with the results of numerical Brownian dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Romodina
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Lyubin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Fedyanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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9
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Griesshammer M, Rohrbach A. 5D-Tracking of a nanorod in a focused laser beam--a theoretical concept. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:6114-32. [PMID: 24663946 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.006114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Back-focal plane (BFP) interferometry is a very fast and precise method to track the 3D position of a sphere within a focused laser beam using a simple quadrant photo diode (QPD). Here we present a concept of how to track and recover the 5D state of a cylindrical nanorod (3D position and 2 tilt angles) in a laser focus by analyzing the interference of unscattered light and light scattered at the cylinder. The analytical theoretical approach is based on Rayleigh-Gans scattering together with a local field approximation for an infinitely thin cylinder. The approximated BFP intensities compare well with those from a more rigorous numerical approach. It turns out that a displacement of the cylinder results in a modulation of the BFP intensity pattern, whereas a tilt of the cylinder results in a shift of this pattern. We therefore propose the concept of a local QPD in the BFP of a detection lens, where the QPD center is shifted by the angular coordinates of the cylinder tilt.
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10
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Bennett JS, Gibson LJ, Kelly RM, Brousse E, Baudisch B, Preece D, Nieminen TA, Nicholson T, Heckenberg NR, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Spatially-resolved rotational microrheology with an optically-trapped sphere. Sci Rep 2013. [PMCID: PMC3641521 DOI: 10.1038/srep01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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11
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Mohanty S. Optically-actuated translational and rotational motion at the microscale for microfluidic manipulation and characterization. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3624-3636. [PMID: 22899251 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The single beam optical trap (optical tweezers), a highly focused beam, is on its way to revolutionizing not only the fields of colloidal physics and biology, but also materials science and engineering. Recently, spatially-extended three-dimensional light patterns have gained considerable usage for exerting force to alter, manipulate, organize and characterize materials. To advance the degree of manipulation, such as rotation of materials in microfluidic environments along with spatial structuring, other beam parameters such as phase and polarization have to be configured. These advances in optical tweezers' technology have enabled complex microfluidic actuation and sorting. In addition to remotely (in a non-contact way) applying force and torques in three-dimensions, which can be continuously varied unlike mechanical manipulators, optical tweezers-based methods can be used for sensing the force of interaction between microscopic objects in a microfluidic environment and for the characterization of micro-rheological properties. In this review, we place emphasis on applications of optical actuation based on novel beams in performing special functions such as rotation, transportation, sorting and characterization of the microscopic objects. Further, we have an extended discussion on optical actuation (transport and rotation) with fiber optic microbeams and spectroscopic characterization in the microfluidic environment. All these advancements in optical manipulation would further facilitate the growing use of optical tools for complex microfluidic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarendra Mohanty
- Biophysics and Physiology Lab, Department of Physics, University of Texas-Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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12
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Lee MP, Curran A, Gibson GM, Tassieri M, Heckenberg NR, Padgett MJ. Optical shield: measuring viscosity of turbid fluids using optical tweezers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:12127-12132. [PMID: 22714199 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.012127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The viscosity of a fluid can be measured by tracking the motion of a suspended micron-sized particle trapped by optical tweezers. However, when the particle density is high, additional particles entering the trap compromise the tracking procedure and degrade the accuracy of the measurement. In this work we introduce an additional Laguerre-Gaussian, i.e. annular, beam surrounding the trap, acting as an optical shield to exclude contaminating particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Lee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Glasgow, UK.
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13
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Padgett M, Di Leonardo R. Holographic optical tweezers and their relevance to lab on chip devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1196-205. [PMID: 21327211 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, optical tweezers have been transformed by the combined availability of spatial light modulators and the speed of low-cost computing to drive them. Holographic optical tweezers can trap and move many objects simultaneously and their compatibility with other optical techniques, particularly microscopy, means that they are highly appropriate to lab-on-chip systems to enable optical manipulation, actuation and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Padgett
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Glasgow, Scotland.
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14
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Suwanpayak N, Jalil MA, Aziz MS, Ali J, Yupapin PP. Molecular buffer using a PANDA ring resonator for drug delivery use. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:575-80. [PMID: 21674014 PMCID: PMC3107716 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s17772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel design of molecular buffer for molecule storage and delivery using a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. The optical vortices can be generated and controlled to form the trapping tools in the same way as the optical tweezers. In theory, the trapping force is formed by the combination between the gradient field and scattering photons, which is reviewed. By using the intense optical vortices generated within the PANDA ring resonator, the required molecules can be trapped and moved (transported) dynamically within the wavelength router or network, ie, a molecular buffer. This can be performed within the wavelength router before reaching the required destination. The advantage of the proposed system is that a transmitter and receiver can be formed within the same system, which is available for molecule storage and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Suwanpayak
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Research Alliance (N'SERA), Advanced Research Center for Photonics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Huang Z, Pedaci F, van Oene M, Wiggin MJ, Dekker NH. Electron beam fabrication of birefringent microcylinders. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1418-1427. [PMID: 21280614 DOI: 10.1021/nn1034108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Numerous biological and biotechnological applications rely on the use of micrometer- and nanometer-scale particles, benefiting tremendously from quantitative control of their physical and chemical properties. Here, we describe the use of electron beam lithography for the design, fabrication, and functionalization of micrometer-scale birefringent quartz cylinders for use in sensing and detection. We demonstrate excellent control of the cylinders' geometry, fabricating cylinders with heights of 0.5-2 μm and diameters of 200-500 nm with high precision while maintaining control of their side-wall angle. The flexible fabrication allows cylinders to be selectively shaped into conical structures or to include centered protrusions for the selective attachment of biomolecules. The latter is facilitated by straightforward functionalization targeted either to a cylinder's face or to the centered protrusion alone. The fabricated quartz cylinders are characterized in an optical torque wrench, permitting correlation of their geometrical properties to measured torques. Lastly, we tether individual DNA molecules to the functionalized cylinders and demonstrate the translational and rotational control required for single-molecule studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangxiong Huang
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
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16
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Yu YF, Fu YH, Zhang XM, Liu AQ, Bourouina T, Mei T, Shen ZX, Tsai DP. Pure angular momentum generator using a ring resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:21651-21662. [PMID: 20941064 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.021651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a pure angular momentum generator using a ring resonator surrounded by a group of nano-rods. The evanescent waves of the circulating light in the ring are scattered by the nano-rods and generate a rotating electromagnetic field, which has only angular momentum but no linear momentum along the axis of rotation. The angular order is determined by the difference between the order of Whispering Gallery mode and the number of the rods, the rotating frequency is equal to the light frequency divided by the angular order. The maximum amplitude of the rotating electromagnetic fields can be 10 times higher than the amplitude of the input field when there are 36 rods (R(rod) = 120 nm, nr = 1.6). The pure angular momentum generator provides a new platform for trapping and rotation of small particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Yu
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
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17
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Neves AAR, Camposeo A, Pagliara S, Saija R, Borghese F, Denti P, Iatì MA, Cingolani R, Maragò OM, Pisignano D. Rotational dynamics of optically trapped nanofibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:822-830. [PMID: 20173904 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental evidence of tilted polymer nanofiber rotation, using a highly focused linear polarized Gaussian beam. Torque is controlled by varying trapping power or fiber tilt angle. This suggests an alternative strategy to previously reported approaches for the rotation of nano-objects, to test fundamental theoretical aspects. We compare experimental rotation frequencies to calculations based on T-Matrix formalism, which accurately reproduces measured data, thus providing a comprehensive description of trapping and rotation dynamics of the linear nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alvaro Ranha Neves
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory of CNR-INFM, IIT Research Unit, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, Lecce, Italy.
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18
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McDougall C, Stevenson DJ, Brown CTA, Gunn-Moore F, Dholakia K. Targeted optical injection of gold nanoparticles into single mammalian cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2009; 2:736-743. [PMID: 19603388 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200910030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an all optical technique for the targeted delivery of single 100 nm diameter gold nanoparticles into a specified region of the interior of an individual mammalian cell through a combination of optical tweezing and optical injection. The internalisation of the nanoparticle is verified by confocal laser scanning microscopy and confocal laser scanning reflectance microscopy. This represents the first time that nano sized particles have been tweezed and optically injected into mammalian cells using only light, and provides a novel methodology for internalising nanosphere based biosensors within specific intracellular regions of a mammalian cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig McDougall
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK.
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19
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Parkin SJ, Vogel R, Persson M, Funk M, Loke VLY, Nieminen TA, Heckenberg NR, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Highly birefringent vaterite microspheres: production, characterization and applications for optical micromanipulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:21944-55. [PMID: 19997439 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.021944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a simple synthesis and characterization of highly birefringent vaterite microspheres, which are composed of 20-30 nm sized nanocrystalls. Scanning electron microscopy shows a quite disordered assembly of nanocrystals within the microspheres. However, using optical tweezers, the effective birefringence of the microspheres was measured to be Deltan = 0.06, which compares to Deltan = 0.1 of vaterite single crystals. This suggests a very high orientation of the nanocrystals within the microspheres. A hyperbolic model of the direction of the optical axis throughout the vaterite spherulite best fits the experimental data. Results from polarized light microscopy further confirm the hyperbolic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Parkin
- University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Jeffries GDM, Milne G, Zhao Y, Lopez-Mariscal C, Chiu DT. Optofluidic generation of Laguerre-Gaussian beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:17555-17562. [PMID: 19907539 PMCID: PMC2877698 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.017555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams have been extensively studied due to their unique structure, characterized by a phase singularity at the center of the beam. Common methods for generating such beams include the use of diffractive optical elements and spatial light modulators, which although offering excellent versatility, suffers from several drawbacks, including in many cases a low power damage threshold as well as complexity and expense. This paper presents a simple, low cost method for the generation of high-fidelity LG beams using rapid prototyping techniques. Our approach is based on a fluidic-hologram concept, whereby the properties of the LG beam can be finely controlled by varying the refractive-index of the fluid that flows through the hologram. This simple approach, while optimized here for LG beam generation, is also expected to find applications in the production of tunable fluidic optical trains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham Milne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yiqiong Zhao
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carlos Lopez-Mariscal
- Atomic Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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21
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Zhong MC, Zhou JH, Ren YX, Li YM, Wang ZQ. Rotation of birefringent particles in optical tweezers with spherical aberration. APPLIED OPTICS 2009; 48:4397-4402. [PMID: 19649044 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.004397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Birefringent particles rotate when trapped in elliptically polarized light. When an infinity corrected oil-immersion objective is used for trapping, rotation of birefringent particles in optical tweezers based on an infinity optical microscope is affected by the spherical aberration at the glass-water interface. The maximum rotation rate of birefringent particles occurs close to the coverslip, and the rotation rate decreases dramatically as the trapped depth increases. We experimentally demonstrate that spherical aberration can be compensated by using a finite-distance-corrected objective to trap and rotate the birefringent particles. It is found that the trapped depth corresponding to the maximum rotation rate is 50 microm, and the rotation rates at deep trapped depths are improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheng Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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22
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Keen S, Yao A, Leach J, Di Leonardo R, Saunter C, Love G, Cooper J, Padgett M. Multipoint viscosity measurements in microfluidic channels using optical tweezers. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:2059-62. [PMID: 19568675 DOI: 10.1039/b900934e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the technique of multipoint viscosity measurements incorporating the accurate calibration of micron sized particles. We describe the use of a high-speed camera to measure the residual motion of particles trapped in holographic optical tweezers, enabling us to calculate the fluid viscosity at multiple points across the field-of-view of the microscope within a microfluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Keen
- SUPA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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23
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Vázquez-Quesada A, Ellero M, Español P. Smoothed particle hydrodynamic model for viscoelastic fluids with thermal fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:056707. [PMID: 19518593 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.056707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a fluid-particle model for a polymer solution in nonisothermal situations. The state of the fluid particles is characterized by the thermodynamic variables and a configuration tensor that describes the underlying molecular orientation of the polymer molecules. The specification of very simple physical mechanisms inspired by the dynamics of single polymer molecules allows one, with the help of the general equation for nonequilibrium reversible-irreversible coupling (GENERIC) formalism, to derive the equations of motion for a set of fluid particles carrying polymer molecules in suspension. In the simplest case of Hookean dumbbells we recover a fluid-particle version of the Oldroyd-B model in which thermal fluctuations are included consistently. Generalization to more complex viscoelastic models, such as finitely extensible nonlinear elastic Peterlin (FENE-P) model, with the proper introduction of thermal fluctuations is straightforward.
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24
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Jonás A, Zemánek P. Light at work: the use of optical forces for particle manipulation, sorting, and analysis. Electrophoresis 2009; 29:4813-51. [PMID: 19130566 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We review the combinations of optical micro-manipulation with other techniques and their classical and emerging applications to non-contact optical separation and sorting of micro- and nanoparticle suspensions, compositional and structural analysis of specimens, and quantification of force interactions at the microscopic scale. The review aims at inspiring researchers, especially those working outside the optical micro-manipulation field, to find new and interesting applications of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Jonás
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the AS CR, vvi, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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25
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Leach J, Mushfique H, Keen S, Di Leonardo R, Ruocco G, Cooper JM, Padgett MJ. Comparison of Faxén's correction for a microsphere translating or rotating near a surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:026301. [PMID: 19391834 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.026301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Boundary walls in microfluidic devices have a strong influence on the fluid flow and drag forces on moving objects. The Stokes drag force acting on a sphere translating in the fluid is increased by the presence of a neighboring wall by a factor given by Faxén's correction. A similar increase in the rotational drag is expected when spinning close to a wall. We use optical tweezers to confirm the translational drag correction and report the hitherto unmeasured rotational equivalent. We find that the corrections for the rotational motion is only required for particle-wall separations an order of magnitude shorter than that for the translational cases. These results are particularly significant in the use of optical tweezers for measuring viscosity on a picolitre scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leach
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
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26
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Funk M, Parkin SJ, Stilgoe AB, Nieminen TA, Heckenberg NR, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Constant power optical tweezers with controllable torque. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:139-41. [PMID: 19148234 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a means for controlling the spin angular-momentum flux of a laser beam at constant power, without introducing any elliptical or linear polarization. This allows a controllable torque, acting to spin the particle uniformly, to be exerted on a birefringent particle in optical tweezers. The constant power means that transverse and axial trapping, and heating due to absorption, are unaffected by changing the torque. The torque can be computer controlled and rapidly changed. In addition, the lateral trapping is kept constant. Very low torques can be obtained such that rotational Brownian motion of birefringent particles can be observed. This has the potential to greatly extend the quantitative applications of the rotation of birefringent objects in optical tweezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Funk
- Centre for Biophotonics and Laser Science, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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