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Zhou Z, Xia L, Wang X, Wu C, Liu J, Li J, Lu Z, Song S, Zhu J, Montes ML, Benzaazoua M. Coal slime as a good modifier for the restoration of copper tailings with improved soil properties and microbial function. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109266-109282. [PMID: 37759064 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the solid wastes from the coal industry have been widely used as soil amendments. Nevertheless, the impact of utilizing coal slime for copper tailing restoration in terms of plant growth, physicochemical characteristics of the tailing soil, and microbial succession remains uncertain.Herein, the coal slime was employed as a modifier into copper tailings. Their effect on the growth and physiological response of Ryegrass, and the soil physicochemical properties as well as the bacterial community structure were investigated. The results indicated that after a 30-day of restoration, the addition of coal slime at a ratio of 40% enhanced plant growth, with a 21.69% rise in chlorophyll content, and a 62.44% increase in peroxidase activity. The addition of 40% coal slime also increased the content of nutrient elements in copper tailings. Following a 20-day period of restoration, the concentrations of available copper and available zinc in the modified tailings decreased by 39.6% and 48.51%, respectively, with 40% of coal slime added. In the meantime, there was an observed augmentation in the species diversity of the bacterial community in the modified tailings. The alterations in both community structure and function were primarily influenced by variations in pH value, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and available copper. The addition of 40% coal slime makes the physicochemical properties and microbial community evolution of copper tailings reach a balance point. The utilization of coal slime has the potential to enhance the physicochemical characteristics of tailings and promote the proliferation of microbial communities, hence facilitating the soil evolution of two distinct solid waste materials. Consequently, the application of coal slime in the restoration of heavy metal tailings is a viable approach, offering both cost-effectiveness and efficacy as an enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xizhuo Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Instituto de Física de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, 78000, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Zijing Lu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoxian Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Hubei Sanxin Gold Copper Limited Company, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | | | - Mostafa Benzaazoua
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Geology and Sustainable Mining, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhang R, Yuan J. Differential Bending Stiffness of the Bacterial Flagellar Hook under Counterclockwise and Clockwise Rotations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:138401. [PMID: 37067319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.138401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial hook, as a universal joint coupling rotation of the flagellar motor and the filament, is an important component of the flagellum that propels the bacteria to swim. The mechanical properties of the hook are essential for the flagellum to achieve normal functions. In multiflagellated bacteria such as Escherichia coli, the hook must be compliant so that it can bend for the filaments to form a coherently rotating bundle to generate the thrust when the motor rotates counterclockwise (CCW), yet it also must be rigid so that the bundle can disrupt for the bacteria to tumble to change swimming direction when the motor rotates clockwise (CW). Here, by combining an elastic rod model with high-resolution bead assay to accurately measure the bending stiffness of the hook under CCW or CW rotation in vivo, we elucidate how the hook accomplishes this dual functionality: the hook stiffens under CW rotation, with bending stiffness under CW rotation twice as large as that under CCW rotation. This enables a robust run-and-tumble swimming motility for multiflagellated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rongjing Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Yang Y, Yue C, Zhang C, Yuan J. Chemotactic response of Escherichia coli to polymer solutions. Phys Biol 2022; 19. [PMID: 35545074 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac6eb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are important components of the complex fluid environment for microorganisms. The mechanical effects on bacterial motile behavior due to the viscous or viscoelastic properties of polymers were extensively studied, whereas possible chemical effects on bacterial motility through bacterial chemoreception of the polymers were unclear. Here we studied the chemotactic response of Escherichia coli to polymeric solutions by combining the bead assay and FRET measurements. We found that the wild-type E. coli strain exhibited an attractant response to widely used polymers such as Ficoll 400, PEG 20000 and PVP 360000, and the response amplitude from chemoreception was much larger than that from the load-dependence of motor switching due to viscosity change. The chemotactic response depended on the type of receptors and the chain length of the polymers. Our findings here provided novel ingredients for further studies of bacterial motile behavior in complex fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, CHINA
| | - Caijuan Yue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, CHINA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, CHINA
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, CHINA
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The Effect of the Second Messenger c-di-GMP on Bacterial Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0037322. [PMID: 35465687 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00373-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
c-di-GMP is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that plays a central regulatory role in diverse biological processes. c-di-GMP was known to regulate chemotaxis in multiple bacterial species, but its effect on Escherichia coli chemotaxis remained unclear. As an effector of c-di-GMP in E. coli, YcgR when bound with c-di-GMP interacts with the flagellar motor to reduce its speed and its probability of rotating clockwise (CW bias). Here, we found that a significant fraction of the c-di-GMP::YcgR dynamically exchange between the motor and the cytosol. Through fluorescent measurements, we found that there was no competitive binding between the chemotaxis response regulator CheY-P and c-di-GMP::YcgR to the motor. To test the influence of elevated c-di-GMP levels on the chemotaxis pathway, we measured the chemotactic responses of E. coli cells using a FRET assay, finding that elevated c-di-GMP levels had no effect on the upstream part of chemotaxis pathway down to the level of CheY-P concentration. This suggested that the possible effect of elevated c-di-GMP levels on chemotactic motion was through regulation of motor speed and CW bias. Using stochastic simulations of chemotactic swimming, we showed that the effects of reducing motor speed and decreasing CW bias on chemotactic drift velocity are compensating for each other, resulting in minimal effect of elevated c-di-GMP levels on E. coli chemotaxis. Therefore, elevated c-di-GMP levels promote the transition from motile to sedentary forms of bacterial life by reducing the bacterial swimming speed and CW bias, while still maintaining a nearly intact chemotaxis capability in E. coli. IMPORTANCE The ubiquitous bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP was known to regulate chemotaxis in many bacterial species, but its effect on E. coli chemotaxis was unclear. Here we studied the effect of elevated c-di-GMP levels on chemotaxis in E. coli. We found that the binding of c-di-GMP::YcgR (its effector) and the chemotaxis response regulator CheY-P to the flagellar motor are noncompetitive, and elevated c-di-GMP levels do not affect the upstream part of the chemotaxis pathway down to the level of CheY-P concentration. Elevated c-di-GMP levels exert direct effects on the flagellar motor by reducing its speed and CW bias, but the resulting effects on chemotaxis performance are compensating for each other. Our findings here showed that elevated c-di-GMP levels maintain a nearly intact chemotaxis capability when promoting the transition from motile to sedentary forms of bacterial life in E. coli.
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Mehta M, Liu Y, Waterland M, Holmes G. Characterization of the Degradation of Sheepskin by Monitoring Cytochrome c of Bacteria by Raman Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1792476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Mehta
- New Zealand Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yang Liu
- New Zealand Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mark Waterland
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Holmes
- New Zealand Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®), Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Lin CH, Lu CY, Tseng AT, Huang CJ, Lin YJ, Chen CY. The ptsG Gene Encoding the Major Glucose Transporter of Bacillus cereus C1L Participates in Root Colonization and Beneficial Metabolite Production to Induce Plant Systemic Disease Resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:256-271. [PMID: 31809253 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-19-0165-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere interactions between microorganisms and plants have great influence on plant health. Bacillus cereus C1L, an induced systemic resistance (ISR)-eliciting rhizobacterium from Lilium formosanum, can protect monocot and dicot plants from disease challenges. To identify the ISR-involved bacterial genes, the systemic protection effect of transposon-tagged mutants of B. cereus C1L against southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) was surveyed, and a mutant of the ptsG gene encoding glucose-specific permease of the phosphotransferase system was severely impaired in the abilities of disease suppression and root colonization. The ptsG mutant lost the preferential utilization of glucose and showed reduction of glucose-assisted growth in minimal medium. A promoter-based reporter assay revealed that ptsG expression could be activated by certain sugar constituents of maize root exudates, among which B. cereus C1L exhibited the highest chemotactic response toward glucose, whereas neither of them could attract the ptsG mutant. Additionally, ptsG deficiency almost completely abolished glucose uptake of B. cereus C1L. Metabolite analysis indicated that the lack of ptsG undermined glucose-induced accumulation of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol in B. cereus C1L, both eliciting maize ISR against SCLB. Pretreatments with B. cereus C1L, ptsG mutant, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol enhanced defense-related reactive oxygen species accumulation and callose deposition at different levels that were positively correlated to their ISR-eliciting activities. Thus, glucose uptake-mediating ptsG participates in ISR elicitation by endowing B. cereus C1L with the full capacities for root colonization and beneficial glucose metabolite production, providing a clue regarding how ISR-mediating rhizobacteria create a mutually beneficial relationship with various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Tze Tseng
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jui Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Shi H, Ma S, Zhang R, Yuan J. A hidden state in the turnover of a functioning membrane protein complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau6885. [PMID: 30906857 PMCID: PMC6426456 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most membrane proteins exist in complexes that carry out critical cellular functions and exhibit rich dynamics. The bacterial flagellar motor, a large membrane-spanning ion-driven rotary motor that propels the bacteria to swim, provides a canonical example. Rotation of the motor is driven by multiple torque-generating units (stators). Turnover of the stators has been shown previously, demonstrating the exchange of stator units between the motor and a membrane pool. But the details of the turnover kinetics remain unclear. Here, we directly measured the kinetics of stator turnover in individual motors via analysis of a large dataset of long-term high-resolution recordings of motor speed at high load. We found that the dwell time distribution of the stator units exhibits a multi-exponential shape, suggesting the existence of a hidden state in the turnover of the stators.
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Zhang C, He R, Zhang R, Yuan J. Motor Adaptive Remodeling Speeds Up Bacterial Chemotactic Adaptation. Biophys J 2019. [PMID: 29539407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial chemotaxis is a canonical system for the study of signal transduction. One of the hallmarks of this system is its robust adaptive behavior. However, how fast the system adapts remains controversial. The adaptation time measured at the level of the kinase activity was tens of seconds, whereas that measured at the level of the flagellar motor was <10 s. The flagellar motor was recently shown to exhibit adaptive remodeling, its main physiological function being to provide a robust match between the chemoreceptor output and the motor input, whereas its adaptation timescale was thought to be too slow to contribute much to the overall adaptation timescale of the chemotaxis system. Here, through theoretical modeling of the motor adaptive remodeling and experimental tests, we show that this motor adaptation contributes significantly to speeding up the overall chemotactic adaptation, thereby resolving the previous inconsistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rongjing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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