1
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Klimovič Š, Beckerová D, Věžník J, Kabanov D, Lacina K, Jelinkova S, Gumulec J, Rotrekl V, Přibyl J. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with tunable mechanics improved structural and contractile properties of cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213819. [PMID: 38430724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates cellular responses through mechanotransduction. The standard approach of in vitro culturing on plastic surfaces overlooks this phenomenon, so there is a need for biocompatible materials that exhibit adjustable mechanical and structural properties, promote cell adhesion and proliferation at low cost and for use in 2D or 3D cell cultures. This study presents a new tunable hydrogel system prepared from high-molecular hyaluronic acid (HA), Bovine serum albumin (BSA), and gelatin cross-linked using EDC/NHS. Hydrogels with Young's moduli (E) ranging from subunit to units of kilopascals were prepared by gradually increasing HA and BSA concentrations. Concentrated high-molecular HA network led to stiffer hydrogel with lower cluster size and swelling capacity. Medium and oxygen diffusion capability of all hydrogels showed they are suitable for 3D cell cultures. Mechanical and structural changes of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) on hydrogels were compared with cells on standard cultivation surfaces. Experiments showed that hydrogels have suitable mechanical and cell adhesion capabilities, resulting in structural changes of actin filaments. Lastly, applying hydrogel for a more complex HL-1 cell line revealed improved mechanical and electrophysiological contractile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šimon Klimovič
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Deborah Beckerová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Věžník
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniil Kabanov
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lacina
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Gumulec
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Phillips TA, Marcotti S, Cox S, Parsons M. Imaging actin organisation and dynamics in 3D. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261389. [PMID: 38236161 PMCID: PMC10906668 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in cell architecture and the control of fundamental processes including cell division, migration and survival. The dynamics and organisation of F-actin have been widely studied in a breadth of cell types on classical two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. Recent advances in optical microscopy have enabled interrogation of these cytoskeletal networks in cells within three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, tissues and in vivo. Emerging studies indicate that the dimensionality experienced by cells has a profound impact on the structure and function of the cytoskeleton, with cells in 3D environments exhibiting cytoskeletal arrangements that differ to cells in 2D environments. However, the addition of a third (and fourth, with time) dimension leads to challenges in sample preparation, imaging and analysis, necessitating additional considerations to achieve the required signal-to-noise ratio and spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we summarise the current tools for imaging actin in a 3D context and highlight examples of the importance of this in understanding cytoskeletal biology and the challenges and opportunities in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Phillips
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Microscopy Innovation Centre, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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3
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Li Y, Jiang W, Zhou X, Long Y, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Yao X. Advances in Regulating Cellular Behavior Using Micropatterns. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2023; 96:527-547. [PMID: 38161579 PMCID: PMC10751872 DOI: 10.59249/uxoh1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Micropatterns, characterized as distinct physical microstructures or chemical adhesion matrices on substance surfaces, have emerged as a powerful tool for manipulating cellular activity. By creating specific extracellular matrix microenvironments, micropatterns can influence various cell behaviors, including orientation, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the use of micropatterns for cell behavior regulation. It discusses the influence of micropattern morphology and coating on cell behavior and the underlying mechanisms. It also highlights future research directions in this field, aiming to inspire new investigations in materials medicine, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. The review underscores the potential of micropatterns as a novel approach for controlling cell behavior, which could pave the way for breakthroughs in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National
Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R.
China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Xintong Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Yicen Long
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Yujia Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Xinghong Yao
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,
Department of Radiotherapy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan
Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital
of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R.
China
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4
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Soto J, Song Y, Wu Y, Chen B, Park H, Akhtar N, Wang P, Hoffman T, Ly C, Sia J, Wong S, Kelkhoff DO, Chu J, Poo M, Downing TL, Rowat AC, Li S. Reduction of Intracellular Tension and Cell Adhesion Promotes Open Chromatin Structure and Enhances Cell Reprogramming. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300152. [PMID: 37357983 PMCID: PMC10460843 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of transcription factors and biomolecules in cell type conversion has been widely studied. Yet, it remains unclear whether and how intracellular mechanotransduction through focal adhesions (FAs) and the cytoskeleton regulates the epigenetic state and cell reprogramming. Here, it is shown that cytoskeletal structures and the mechanical properties of cells are modulated during the early phase of induced neuronal (iN) reprogramming, with an increase in actin cytoskeleton assembly induced by Ascl1 transgene. The reduction of actin cytoskeletal tension or cell adhesion at the early phase of reprogramming suppresses the expression of mesenchymal genes, promotes a more open chromatin structure, and significantly enhances the efficiency of iN conversion. Specifically, reduction of intracellular tension or cell adhesion not only modulates global epigenetic marks, but also decreases DNA methylation and heterochromatin marks and increases euchromatin marks at the promoter of neuronal genes, thus enhancing the accessibility for gene activation. Finally, micro- and nano-topographic surfaces that reduce cell adhesions enhance iN reprogramming. These novel findings suggest that the actin cytoskeleton and FAs play an important role in epigenetic regulation for cell fate determination, which may lead to novel engineering approaches for cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Soto
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Binru Chen
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Hyungju Park
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Navied Akhtar
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92617USA
| | - Peng‐Yuan Wang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Oujiang LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325024China
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Chau Ly
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Junren Sia
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - SzeYue Wong
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | | | - Julia Chu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Mu‐Ming Poo
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Timothy L. Downing
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92617USA
| | - Amy C. Rowat
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
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5
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Lin SZ, Merkel M, Rupprecht JF. Structure and Rheology in Vertex Models under Cell-Shape-Dependent Active Stresses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:058202. [PMID: 36800465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.058202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological cells can actively tune their intracellular architecture according to their overall shape. Here we explore the rheological implication of such coupling in a minimal model of a dense cellular material where each cell exerts an active mechanical stress along its axis of elongation. Increasing the active stress amplitude leads to several transitions. An initially hexagonal crystal motif is first destabilized into a solid with anisotropic cells whose shear modulus eventually vanishes at a first critical activity. Increasing activity beyond this first critical value, we find a re-entrant transition to a regime with finite hexatic order and finite shear modulus, in which cells arrange according to a rhombile pattern with periodically arranged rosette structures. The shear modulus vanishes again at a third threshold beyond which spontaneous tissue flows and topological defects of the nematic cell shape field arise. Flow and stress fields around the defects agree with active nematic theory, with either contractile or extensile signs, as also observed in several epithelial tissue experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Zhen Lin
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, Centre de Physique Théorique, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Matthias Merkel
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, Centre de Physique Théorique, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Rupprecht
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, Centre de Physique Théorique, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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6
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Brown HM, Juanes MA. Automated Quantitative Analysis of Shape Features in Human Epithelial Monolayers and Spheroids Generated from Colorectal Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:261-271. [PMID: 37310638 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in microscopy techniques permit us to acquire endless datasets of images. A major bottleneck in cell imaging is how to analyze petabytes of data in an effective, reliable, objective, and effortless way. Quantitative imaging is becoming crucial to disentangle the complexity of many biological and pathological processes. For instance, cell shape is a summary readout of a myriad of cellular processes. Changes in cell shape use to reflect changes in growth, migration mode (including speed and persistence), differentiation stage, apoptosis, or gene expression, serving to predict health or disease. However, in certain contexts, e.g., tissues or tumors, cells are tightly packed together, and measurement of individual cellular shapes can be challenging and laborious. Bioinformatics solutions like automated computational image methods provide a blind and efficient analysis of large image datasets. Here we describe a detailed and friendly step-by-step protocol to extract various cellular shape parameters quickly and accurately from colorectal cancer cells forming either monolayers or spheroids. We envision those similar settings could be extended to other cell lines, colorectal and beyond, either label/unlabeled or in 2D/3D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Brown
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, UK
| | - M Angeles Juanes
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, UK.
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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7
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Scott NR, Parekh SH. A-type lamins involvement in transport and implications in cancer? Nucleus 2022; 13:221-235. [PMID: 36109835 PMCID: PMC9481127 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2118418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins and transport are intrinsically linked, but their relationship is yet to be fully unraveled. A multitude of complex, coupled interactions between lamins and nucleoporins (Nups), which mediate active transport into and out of the nucleus, combined with well documented dysregulation of lamins in many cancers, suggests that lamins and nuclear transport may play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and the preservation of cancer. Changes of function related to lamin/Nup activity can principally lead to DNA damage, further increasing the genetic diversity within a tumor, which could lead to the reduction the effectiveness of antineoplastic treatments. This review discusses and synthesizes different connections of lamins to nuclear transport and offers a number of outlook questions, the answers to which could reveal a new perspective on the connection of lamins to molecular transport of cancer therapeutics, in addition to their established role in nuclear mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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8
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Staddon MF, Murrell MP, Banerjee S. Interplay between substrate rigidity and tissue fluidity regulates cell monolayer spreading. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7877-7886. [PMID: 36205535 PMCID: PMC9700261 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated and cooperative motion of cells is essential for embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis, wound healing and cancer invasion. A predictive understanding of the emergent mechanical behaviors in collective cell motion is challenging due to the complex interplay between cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix adhesions and active cell behaviors. To overcome this challenge, we develop a predictive cellular vertex model that can delineate the relative roles of substrate rigidity, tissue mechanics and active cell properties on the movement of cell collectives. We apply the model to the specific case of collective motion in cell aggregates as they spread into a two-dimensional cell monolayer adherent to a soft elastic matrix. Consistent with recent experiments, we find that substrate stiffness regulates the driving forces for the spreading of cellular monolayer, which can be pressure-driven or crawling-based depending on substrate rigidity. On soft substrates, cell monolayer spreading is driven by an active pressure due to the influx of cells coming from the aggregate, whereas on stiff substrates, cell spreading is driven primarily by active crawling forces. Our model predicts that cooperation of cell crawling and tissue pressure drives faster spreading, while the spreading rate is sensitive to the mechanical properties of the tissue. We find that solid tissues spread faster on stiff substrates, with spreading rate increasing with tissue tension. By contrast, the spreading of fluid tissues is independent of substrate stiffness and is slower than solid tissues. We compare our theoretical results with experimental results on traction force generation and spreading kinetics of cell monolayers, and provide new predictions on the role of tissue fluidity and substrate rigidity on collective cell motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Staddon
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael P Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Chen PC, Feng XQ, Li B. Unified multiscale theory of cellular mechanical adaptations to substrate stiffness. Biophys J 2022; 121:3474-3485. [PMID: 35978549 PMCID: PMC9515123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigidity of the extracellular matrix markedly regulates many cellular processes. However, how cells detect and respond to matrix rigidity remains incompletely understood. Here, we propose a unified two-dimensional multiscale framework accounting for the chemomechanical feedback to explore the interrelated cellular mechanosensing, polarization, and migration, which constitute the dynamic cascade in cellular response to matrix stiffness but are often modeled separately in previous theories. By combining integrin dynamics and intracellular force transduction, we show that substrate stiffness can act as a switch to activate or deactivate cell polarization. Our theory quantitatively reproduces rich stiffness-dependent cellular dynamics, including spreading, polarity selection, migration pattern, durotaxis, and even negative durotaxis, reported in a wide spectrum of cell types, and reconciles some inconsistent experimental observations. We find that a specific bipolarized mode can determine the optimal substrate stiffness, which enables the fastest cell migration rather than the largest traction forces that cells apply on the substrate. We identify that such a mechanical adaptation stems from the force balance across the whole cell. These findings could yield universal insights into various stiffness-mediated cellular processes within the context of tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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10
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Nakashima Y, Yoshida S, Tsukahara M. Semi-3D cultures using Laminin 221 as a coating material for human induced pluripotent stem cells. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac060. [PMID: 36176714 PMCID: PMC9514851 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously believed that human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) did not show adhesion to the coating material Laminin 221, which is known to have specific affinity for cardiomyocytes. In this study, we report that human mononuclear cell-derived hiPSCs, established with Sendai virus vector, form peninsular-like colonies rather than embryonic stem cell-like colonies; these peninsular-like colonies can be passaged more than 10 times after establishment. Additionally, initialization-deficient cells with residual Sendai virus vector adhered to the coating material Laminin 511 but not to Laminin 221. Therefore, the expression of undifferentiated markers tended to be higher in hiPSCs established on Laminin 221 than on Laminin 511. On Laminin 221, hiPSCs15M66 showed a semi-floating colony morphology. The expression of various markers of cell polarity was significantly lower in hiPSCs cultured on Laminin 221 than in hiPSCs cultured on Laminin 511. Furthermore, 201B7 and 15M66 hiPSCs showed 3D cardiomyocyte differentiation on Laminin 221. Thus, the coating material Laminin 221 provides semi-floating culture conditions for the establishment, culture and induced differentiation of hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakashima
- Kyoto University Center for iPS Cell Research and Application Foundation (CiRA Foundation), Facility for iPS Cell Therapy (FiT), Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yoshida
- Kyoto University Center for iPS Cell Research and Application Foundation (CiRA Foundation), Facility for iPS Cell Therapy (FiT), Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsukahara
- Kyoto University Center for iPS Cell Research and Application Foundation (CiRA Foundation), Facility for iPS Cell Therapy (FiT), Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
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11
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So CL, Meinert C, Xia Q, Robitaille M, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. Increased matrix stiffness suppresses ATP-induced sustained Ca2+ influx in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Che H, Selig M, Rolauffs B. Micro-patterned cell populations as advanced pharmaceutical drugs with precise functional control. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114169. [PMID: 35217114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human cells are both advanced pharmaceutical drugs and 'drug deliverers'. However, functional control prior to or after cell implantation remains challenging. Micro-patterning cells through geometrically defined adhesion sites allows controlling morphogenesis, polarity, cellular mechanics, proliferation, migration, differentiation, stemness, cell-cell interactions, collective cell behavior, and likely immuno-modulatory properties. Consequently, generating micro-patterned therapeutic cells is a promising idea that has not yet been realized and few if any steps have been undertaken in this direction. This review highlights potential therapeutic applications, summarizes comprehensively the many cell functions that have been successfully controlled through micro-patterning, details the established micro-pattern designs, introduces the available fabrication technologies to the non-specialized reader, and suggests a quality evaluation score. Such a broad review is not yet available but would facilitate the manufacturing of therapeutically patterned cell populations using micro-patterned cell-instructive biomaterials for improved functional control as drug delivery systems in the context of cells as pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Che
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North District), Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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13
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Ndiaye AB, Koenderink GH, Shemesh M. Intermediate Filaments in Cellular Mechanoresponsiveness: Mediating Cytoskeletal Crosstalk From Membrane to Nucleus and Back. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:882037. [PMID: 35478961 PMCID: PMC9035595 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.882037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cytoskeleton forms a mechanical continuum that spans across the cell, connecting the cell surface to the nucleus via transmembrane protein complexes in the plasma and nuclear membranes. It transmits extracellular forces to the cell interior, providing mechanical cues that influence cellular decisions, but also actively generates intracellular forces, enabling the cell to probe and remodel its tissue microenvironment. Cells adapt their gene expression profile and morphology to external cues provided by the matrix and adjacent cells as well as to cell-intrinsic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear volume. The cytoskeleton is a complex filamentous network of three interpenetrating structural proteins: actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Traditionally the actin cytoskeleton is considered the main contributor to mechanosensitivity. This view is now shifting owing to the mounting evidence that the three cytoskeletal filaments have interdependent functions due to cytoskeletal crosstalk, with intermediate filaments taking a central role. In this Mini Review we discuss how cytoskeletal crosstalk confers mechanosensitivity to cells and tissues, with a particular focus on the role of intermediate filaments. We propose a view of the cytoskeleton as a composite structure, in which cytoskeletal crosstalk regulates the local stability and organization of all three filament families at the sub-cellular scale, cytoskeletal mechanics at the cellular scale, and cell adaptation to external cues at the tissue scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Shemesh
- *Correspondence: Michal Shemesh, ; Gijsje H. Koenderink,
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14
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Gil-Redondo JC, Weber A, Zbiral B, Vivanco MDM, Toca-Herrera JL. Substrate stiffness modulates the viscoelastic properties of MCF-7 cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104979. [PMID: 34826769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense stiffness of surrounding tissues and adapt their activity, proliferation, motility and mechanical properties based on such interactions. Cells probe the stiffness of the substrate by anchoring and pulling to their surroundings, transmitting force to the extracellular matrix and other cells, and respond to the resistance they sense, mainly through changes in their cytoskeleton. Cancer and other diseases alter stiffness of tissues, and the response of cancer cells to this stiffness can also be affected. In the present study we show that MCF-7 breast cancer cells seeded on polyacrylamide gels have the ability to detect the stiffness of the substrate and alter their mechanical properties in response. MCF-7 cells plated on soft substrates display lower stiffness and viscosity when compared to those seeded on stiffer gels or glass. These differences can be associated with differences in the morphology and cytoskeleton organisation, since cells seeded on soft substrates have a round morphology, while cells seeded on stiffer substrates acquire a flat and spread morphology with formation of actin filaments, similar to that observed when seeded on glass. These findings show that MCF-7 cells can detect the stiffness of the surrounding microenvironment and thus, modify their mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Gil-Redondo
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Weber
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Zbiral
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC BioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - José L Toca-Herrera
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Marcotti S, de Freitas DB, Troughton LD, Kenny FN, Shaw TJ, Stramer BM, Oakes PW. A workflow for rapid unbiased quantification of fibrillar feature alignment in biological images. FRONTIERS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2021; 3:745831. [PMID: 34888522 PMCID: PMC8654057 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2021.745831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring the organisation of the cellular cytoskeleton and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) is currently of wide interest as changes in both local and global alignment can highlight alterations in cellular functions and material properties of the extracellular environment. Different approaches have been developed to quantify these structures, typically based on fibre segmentation or on matrix representation and transformation of the image, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here we present AFT-Alignment by Fourier Transform, a workflow to quantify the alignment of fibrillar features in microscopy images exploiting 2D Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT). Using pre-existing datasets of cell and ECM images, we demonstrate our approach and compare and contrast this workflow with two other well-known ImageJ algorithms to quantify image feature alignment. These comparisons reveal that AFT has a number of advantages due to its grid-based FFT approach. 1) Flexibility in defining the window and neighbourhood sizes allows for performing a parameter search to determine an optimal length scale to carry out alignment metrics. This approach can thus easily accommodate different image resolutions and biological systems. 2) The length scale of decay in alignment can be extracted by comparing neighbourhood sizes, revealing the overall distance that features remain anisotropic. 3) The approach is ambivalent to the signal source, thus making it applicable for a wide range of imaging modalities and is dependent on fewer input parameters than segmentation methods. 4) Finally, compared to segmentation methods, this algorithm is computationally inexpensive, as high-resolution images can be evaluated in less than a second on a standard desktop computer. This makes it feasible to screen numerous experimental perturbations or examine large images over long length scales. Implementation is made available in both MATLAB and Python for wider accessibility, with example datasets for single images and batch processing. Additionally, we include an approach to automatically search parameters for optimum window and neighbourhood sizes, as well as to measure the decay in alignment over progressively increasing length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lee D Troughton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, US
| | - Fiona N Kenny
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Brian M Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, US
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16
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Lawson-Keister E, Manning ML. Jamming and arrest of cell motion in biological tissues. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:146-155. [PMID: 34461581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell motility is crucial to many biological processes including morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Recently, the biology and biophysics communities have begun to use the term 'cell jamming' to describe the collective arrest of cell motion in tissues. Although this term is widely used, the underlying mechanisms are varied. In this review, we highlight three independent mechanisms that can potentially drive arrest of cell motion - crowding, tension-driven rigidity, and reduction of fluctuations - and propose a framework that connects all three. Because multiple mechanisms may be operating simultaneously, this emphasizes that experiments should strive to identify which mechanism dominates in a given situation. We also discuss how specific cell-scale and molecular-scale biological processes, such as cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, control aspects of these underlying physical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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17
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The Influence of Bloom Index, Endotoxin Levels and Polyethylene Glycol Succinimidyl Glutarate Crosslinking on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Gelatin Biomaterials. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071003. [PMID: 34356627 PMCID: PMC8301829 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the medical device sector, bloom index and residual endotoxins should be controlled, as they are crucial regulators of the device’s physicochemical and biological properties. It is also imperative to identify a suitable crosslinking method to increase mechanical integrity, without jeopardising cellular functions of gelatin-based devices. Herein, gelatin preparations with variable bloom index and endotoxin levels were used to fabricate non-crosslinked and polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate crosslinked gelatin scaffolds, the physicochemical and biological properties of which were subsequently assessed. Gelatin preparations with low bloom index resulted in hydrogels with significantly (p < 0.05) lower compression stress, elastic modulus and resistance to enzymatic degradation, and significantly higher (p < 0.05) free amine content than gelatin preparations with high bloom index. Gelatin preparations with high endotoxin levels resulted in films that induced significantly (p < 0.05) higher macrophage clusters than gelatin preparations with low endotoxin level. Our data suggest that the bloom index modulates the physicochemical properties, and the endotoxin content regulates the biological response of gelatin biomaterials. Although polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate crosslinking significantly (p < 0.05) increased compression stress, elastic modulus and resistance to enzymatic degradation, and significantly (p < 0.05) decreased free amine content, at the concentration used, it did not provide sufficient structural integrity to support cell culture. Therefore, the quest for the optimal gelatin crosslinker continues.
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18
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Graceffa V. Physical and mechanical cues affecting biomaterial-mediated plasmid DNA delivery: insights into non-viral delivery systems. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:90. [PMID: 34142237 PMCID: PMC8211807 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst traditional strategies to increase transfection efficiency of non-viral systems aimed at modifying the vector or the polyplexes/lipoplexes, biomaterial-mediated gene delivery has recently sparked increased interest. This review aims at discussing biomaterial properties and unravelling underlying mechanisms of action, for biomaterial-mediated gene delivery. DNA internalisation and cytoplasmic transport are initially discussed. DNA immobilisation, encapsulation and surface-mediated gene delivery (SMD), the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and topographical cues, biomaterial stiffness and mechanical stimulation are finally outlined. MAIN TEXT Endocytic pathways and mechanisms to escape the lysosomal network are highly variable. They depend on cell and DNA complex types but can be diverted using appropriate biomaterials. 3D scaffolds are generally fabricated via DNA immobilisation or encapsulation. Degradation rate and interaction with the vector affect temporal patterns of DNA release and transgene expression. In SMD, DNA is instead coated on 2D surfaces. SMD allows the incorporation of topographical cues, which, by inducing cytoskeletal re-arrangements, modulate DNA endocytosis. Incorporation of ECM mimetics allows cell type-specific transfection, whereas in spite of discordances in terms of optimal loading regimens, it is recognised that mechanical loading facilitates gene transfection. Finally, stiffer 2D substrates enhance DNA internalisation, whereas in 3D scaffolds, the role of stiffness is still dubious. CONCLUSION Although it is recognised that biomaterials allow the creation of tailored non-viral gene delivery systems, there still are many outstanding questions. A better characterisation of endocytic pathways would allow the diversion of cell adhesion processes and cytoskeletal dynamics, in order to increase cellular transfection. Further research on optimal biomaterial mechanical properties, cell ligand density and loading regimens is limited by the fact that such parameters influence a plethora of other different processes (e.g. cellular adhesion, spreading, migration, infiltration, and proliferation, DNA diffusion and release) which may in turn modulate gene delivery. Only a better understanding of these processes may allow the creation of novel robust engineered systems, potentially opening up a whole new area of biomaterial-guided gene delivery for non-viral systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
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19
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Ehlinger C, Mathieu E, Rabineau M, Ball V, Lavalle P, Haikel Y, Vautier D, Kocgozlu L. Insensitivity of dental pulp stem cells migration to substrate stiffness. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120969. [PMID: 34157563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising cell source for regeneration of dental pulp. Migration is a key event but influence of the microenvironment rigidity (5 kPa at the center of dental pulp to 20 GPa for the dentin) is largely unknown. Mechanical signals are transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, to the nuclei, and to the chromatin, potentially regulating gene expression. To identify the microenvironmental influence on migration, we analyzed motility on PDMS substrates with stiffness increasing from 1.5 kPa up to 2.5 MPa. We found that migration speed slightly increases as substrate stiffness decreases in correlation with decreasing focal adhesion size. Motility is relatively insensitive to substrate stiffness, even on a bi-rigidity PDMS substrate where DPSCs migrate without preferential direction. Migration is independent of both myosin II activity and YAP translocation after myosin II inhibition. Additionally, inhibition of Arp2/3 complex leads to significant speed decrease for all rigidities, suggesting contribution of the lamellipodia in the migration. Interestingly, the chromatin architecture remains stable after a 7-days exposure on the PDMS substrates for all rigidity. To design scaffold mimicking dental pulp environment, similar DPSCs migration for all rigidity, leaves field open to choose this mechanical parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ehlinger
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Mathieu
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgane Rabineau
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Ball
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Vautier
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Leyla Kocgozlu
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.
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20
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Lavrentovich OD. Design of nematic liquid crystals to control microscale dynamics. LIQUID CRYSTALS REVIEWS 2021; 8:59-129. [PMID: 34956738 PMCID: PMC8698256 DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2021.1919576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of small particles, both living such as swimming bacteria and inanimate, such as colloidal spheres, has fascinated scientists for centuries. If one could learn how to control and streamline their chaotic motion, that would open technological opportunities in the transformation of stored or environmental energy into systematic motion, with applications in micro-robotics, transport of matter, guided morphogenesis. This review presents an approach to command microscale dynamics by replacing an isotropic medium with a liquid crystal. Orientational order and associated properties, such as elasticity, surface anchoring, and bulk anisotropy, enable new dynamic effects, ranging from the appearance and propagation of particle-like solitary waves to self-locomotion of an active droplet. By using photoalignment, the liquid crystal can be patterned into predesigned structures. In the presence of the electric field, these patterns enable the transport of solid and fluid particles through nonlinear electrokinetics rooted in anisotropy of conductivity and permittivity. Director patterns command the dynamics of swimming bacteria, guiding their trajectories, polarity of swimming, and distribution in space. This guidance is of a higher level of complexity than a simple following of the director by rod-like microorganisms. Namely, the director gradients mediate hydrodynamic interactions of bacteria to produce an active force and collective polar modes of swimming. The patterned director could also be engraved in a liquid crystal elastomer. When an elastomer coating is activated by heat or light, these patterns produce a deterministic surface topography. The director gradients define an activation force that shapes the elastomer in a manner similar to the active stresses triggering flows in active nematics. The patterned elastomer substrates could be used to define the orientation of cells in living tissues. The liquid-crystal guidance holds a major promise in achieving the goal of commanding microscale active flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg D Lavrentovich
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Department of Physics, Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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21
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3D cell sheet structure augments mesenchymal stem cell cytokine production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8170. [PMID: 33854167 PMCID: PMC8046983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete paracrine factors that play crucial roles during tissue regeneration. An increasing body of evidence suggests that this paracrine function is enhanced by MSC cultivation in three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like microenvironments. Toward this end, this study explored scaffold-free cell sheet technology as a new 3D platform. MSCs cultivated on temperature-responsive culture dishes to a confluent 2D monolayer were harvested by temperature reduction from 37 to 20 °C that induces a surface wettability transition from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Release of culture-adherent tension induced spontaneous cell sheet contraction, reducing the diameter 2.4-fold, and increasing the thickness 8.0-fold to render a 3D tissue-like construct with a 36% increase in tissue volume. This 2D-to-3D transition reorganized MSC actin cytoskeleton from aligned to multidirectional, corresponding to a cell morphological change from elongated in 2D monolayers to rounded in 3D cell sheets. 3D culture increased MSC gene expression of cell interaction proteins, β-catenin, integrin β1, and connexin 43, and of pro-tissue regenerative cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and increased VEGF secretion per MSC 2.1-fold relative to 2D cultures. Together, these findings demonstrate that MSC therapeutic potency can be enhanced by 3D cell sheet tissue structure.
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22
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Gaston C, De Beco S, Doss B, Pan M, Gauquelin E, D'Alessandro J, Lim CT, Ladoux B, Delacour D. EpCAM promotes endosomal modulation of the cortical RhoA zone for epithelial organization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2226. [PMID: 33850145 PMCID: PMC8044225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
At the basis of cell shape and behavior, the organization of actomyosin and its ability to generate forces are widely studied. However, the precise regulation of this contractile network in space and time is unclear. Here, we study the role of the epithelial-specific protein EpCAM, a contractility modulator, in cell shape and motility. We show that EpCAM is required for stress fiber generation and front-rear polarity acquisition at the single cell level. In fact, EpCAM participates in the remodeling of a transient zone of active RhoA at the cortex of spreading epithelial cells. EpCAM and RhoA route together through the Rab35/EHD1 fast recycling pathway. This endosomal pathway spatially organizes GTP-RhoA to fine tune the activity of actomyosin resulting in polarized cell shape and development of intracellular stiffness and traction forces. Impairment of GTP-RhoA endosomal trafficking either by silencing EpCAM or by expressing Rab35/EHD1 mutants prevents proper myosin-II activity, stress fiber formation and ultimately cell polarization. Collectively, this work shows that the coupling between co-trafficking of EpCAM and RhoA, and actomyosin rearrangement is pivotal for cell spreading, and advances our understanding of how biochemical and mechanical properties promote cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gaston
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Simon De Beco
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Bryant Doss
- Mechanobiology Institute, T-lab, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Pan
- Mechanobiology Institute, T-lab, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Estelle Gauquelin
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Joseph D'Alessandro
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoit Ladoux
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
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23
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Das A, Adhikary S, Chowdhury AR, Barui A. Substrate-dependent control of the chiral orientation of mesenchymal stem cells: image-based quantitative profiling. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:034102. [PMID: 33657017 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abce4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem-cell (SC) chirality or left-right (LR) asymmetry is an essential attribute, observed during tissue regeneration. The ability to control the LR orientation of cells by biophysical manipulation is a promising approach for recapitulating their inherent function. Despite remarkable progress in tissue engineering, the development of LR chirality in SCs has been largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the role of substrate stiffness on the LR asymmetry of cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We found that MSCs acquired higher asymmetricity when cultured on stiffer PCL/collagen matrices. To confirm cellular asymmetry, different parameters such as the aspect ratio, orientation angle and intensity of polarized proteins (Par) were investigated. The results showed a significant (p < 0.01) difference in the average orientation angle, the cellular aspect ratio, and the expression of actin and Par proteins in MSCs cultured on matrices with different stiffnesses. Furthermore, a Gaussian support-vector machine was applied to classify cells cultured on both (2% and 10% PCL/Collagen) matrices, with a resulting accuracy of 96.2%. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first that interrelates and quantifies MSC asymmetricity with matrix properties using a simple 2D model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Das
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, IIEST, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India
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24
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Development and characterisation of cytocompatible polyester substrates with tunable mechanical properties and degradation rate. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:303-315. [PMID: 33227488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been repeatedly indicated the importance to develop implantable devices and cell culture substrates with tissue-specific rigidity, current commercially available products, in particular cell culture substrates, have rigidity values well above most tissues in the body. Herein, six resorbable polyester films were fabricated using compression moulding with a thermal presser into films with tailored stiffness by appropriately selecting the ratio of their building up monomers (e.g. lactide, glycolide, trimethylene carbonate, dioxanone, ε-caprolactone). Typical NMR and FTIR spectra were obtained, suggesting that the fabrication process did not have a negative effect on the conformation of the polymers. Surface roughness analysis revealed no apparent differences between the films as a function of polymer composition. Subject to polymer composition, polymeric films were obtained with glass transition temperatures from -52 °C to 61 °C; contact angles in water from 81 ° to 94 °; storage modulus from 108 MPa to 2,756 MPa and loss modulus from 8 MPa to 507 MPa (both in wet state, at 1 Hz frequency and at 37 °C); ultimate tensile strength from 8 MPa to 62 MPa, toughness from 23 MJ/m3 to 287 MJ/m3, strain at break from 3 % to 278 %, macro-scale Young's modulus from 110 MPa to 2,184 MPa (all in wet state); and nano-scale Young's modulus from 6 kPa to 15,019 kPa (in wet state). With respect to in vitro degradation in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C, some polymeric films [e.g. poly(glycolide-lactide) 30 / 70] started degrading from day 7 (shortest timepoint assessed), whilst others [e.g. poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) 10 / 90] were more resilient to degradation up to day 21 (longest timepoint assessed). In vitro biological analysis using human dermal fibroblasts and a human monocyte cell line (THP-1) showed the potential of the polymeric films to support cell growth and controlled immune response. Evidently, the selected polymers exhibited properties suitable for a range of clinical indications.
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25
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Blanch-Mercader C, Guillamat P, Roux A, Kruse K. Integer topological defects of cell monolayers: Mechanics and flows. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012405. [PMID: 33601623 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monolayers of anisotropic cells exhibit long-ranged orientational order and topological defects. During the development of organisms, orientational order often influences morphogenetic events. However, the linkage between the mechanics of cell monolayers and topological defects remains largely unexplored. This holds specifically at the timescales relevant for tissue morphogenesis. Here, we build on the physics of liquid crystals to determine material parameters of cell monolayers. In particular, we use a hydrodynamical description of an active polar fluid to study the steady-state mechanical patterns at integer topological defects. Our description includes three distinct sources of activity: traction forces accounting for cell-substrate interactions as well as anisotropic and isotropic active nematic stresses accounting for cell-cell interactions. We apply our approach to C2C12 cell monolayers in small circular confinements, which form isolated aster or spiral topological defects. By analyzing the velocity and orientational order fields in spirals as well as the forces and cell number density fields in asters, we determine mechanical parameters of C2C12 cell monolayers. Our work shows how topological defects can be used to fully characterize the mechanical properties of biological active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Blanch-Mercader
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pau Guillamat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Morena F, Argentati C, Soccio M, Bicchi I, Luzi F, Torre L, Munari A, Emiliani C, Gigli M, Lotti N, Armentano I, Martino S. Unpatterned Bioactive Poly(Butylene 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylate)-Based Film Fast Induced Neuronal-Like Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9274. [PMID: 33291757 PMCID: PMC7729499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PBCE) films characterized by an unpatterned microstructure and a specific hydrophobicity, capable of boosting a drastic cytoskeleton architecture remodeling, culminating with the neuronal-like differentiation of human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). We have used two different filming procedures to prepare the films, solvent casting (PBCE) and compression-moulding (PBCE*). PBCE film had a rough and porous surface with spherulite-like aggregations (Ø = 10-20 μm) and was characterized by a water contact angle = 100°. PBCE* showed a smooth and continuous surface without voids and visible spherulite-like aggregations and was more hydrophobic (WCA = 110°). Both surface characteristics were modulated through the copolymerization of different amounts of ether-oxygen-containing co-units into PBCE chemical structure. We showed that only the surface characteristics of PBCE-solvent-casted films steered hBM-MSCs toward a neuronal-like differentiation. hBM-MSCs lost their canonical mesenchymal morphology, acquired a neuronal polarized shape with a long cell protrusion (≥150 μm), expressed neuron-specific class III β-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 2 neuronal markers, while nestin, a marker of uncommitted stem cells, was drastically silenced. These events were observed as early as 2-days after cell seeding. Of note, the phenomenon was totally absent on PBCE* film, as hBM-MSCs maintained the mesenchymal shape and behavior and did not express neuronal/glial markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering–DICAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ilaria Bicchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Andrea Munari
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering–DICAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Gigli
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’Foscari University of Venice, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering–DICAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ilaria Armentano
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Cell response to substrate rigidity is regulated by active and passive cytoskeletal stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12817-12825. [PMID: 32444491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917555117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis, tumor formation, and wound healing are regulated by tissue rigidity. Focal adhesion behavior is locally regulated by stiffness; however, how cells globally adapt, detect, and respond to rigidity remains unknown. Here, we studied the interplay between the rheological properties of the cytoskeleton and matrix rigidity. We seeded fibroblasts onto flexible microfabricated pillar arrays with varying stiffness and simultaneously measured the cytoskeleton organization, traction forces, and cell-rigidity responses at both the adhesion and cell scale. Cells adopted a rigidity-dependent phenotype whereby the actin cytoskeleton polarized on stiff substrates but not on soft. We further showed a crucial role of active and passive cross-linkers in rigidity-sensing responses. By reducing myosin II activity or knocking down α-actinin, we found that both promoted cell polarization on soft substrates, whereas α-actinin overexpression prevented polarization on stiff substrates. Atomic force microscopy indentation experiments showed that this polarization response correlated with cell stiffness, whereby cell stiffness decreased when active or passive cross-linking was reduced and softer cells polarized on softer matrices. Theoretical modeling of the actin network as an active gel suggests that adaptation to matrix rigidity is controlled by internal mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton and puts forward a universal scaling between nematic order of the actin cytoskeleton and the substrate-to-cell elastic modulus ratio. Altogether, our study demonstrates the implication of cell-scale mechanosensing through the internal stress within the actomyosin cytoskeleton and its coupling with local rigidity sensing at focal adhesions in the regulation of cell shape changes and polarity.
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Comin CH, Taylor GJ, Costa LDF. Quantifying the regularity of a 3D set of points on the surface of an ellipsoidal object. Pattern Recognit Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Hierarchical porosity inherited by natural sources affects the mechanical and biological behaviour of bone scaffolds. Ann Ital Chir 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Pandamooz S, Jafari A, Salehi MS, Jurek B, Ahmadiani A, Safari A, Hassanajili S, Borhani-Haghighi A, Dianatpour M, Niknejad H, Azarpira N, Dargahi L. Substrate stiffness affects the morphology and gene expression of epidermal neural crest stem cells in a short term culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:305-317. [PMID: 31654402 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to the intrinsic plasticity of stem cells, controlling their fate is a critical issue in cell-based therapies. Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that substrate stiffness can affect the fate decisions of various stem cells. Epidermal neural crest stem cells as one of the main neural crest cell derivatives hold great promise for cell therapies due to presenting a high level of plasticity. This study was conducted to define the influence of substrate stiffness on the lineage commitment of these cells. Here, four different polyacrylamide hydrogels with elastic modulus in the range of 0.7-30 kPa were synthesized and coated with collagen and stem cells were seeded on them for 24 hr. The obtained data showed that cells can attach faster to hydrogels compared with culture plate and cells on <1 kPa stiffness show more neuronal-like morphology as they presented several branches and extended longer neurites over time. Moreover, the transcription of actin downregulated on all hydrogels, while the expression of Nestin, Tubulin, and PDGFR-α increased on all of them and SOX-10 and doublecortin gene expression were higher only on <1 kPa. Also, it was revealed that soft hydrogels can enhance the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor in these stem cells. On the basis of the results, these cells can respond to the substrate stiffness in the short term culture and soft hydrogels can alter their morphology and gene expression. These findings suggested that employing proper substrate stiffness might result in cells with more natural profiles similar to the nervous system and superior usefulness in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Pandamooz
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arman Jafari
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad S Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahid Safari
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shadi Hassanajili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Liu L, Wei Y, Liu J, Wang K, Zhang J, Zhang P, Zhou Y, Li B. Spatial high resolution of actin filament organization by PeakForce atomic force microscopy. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12670. [PMID: 31568631 PMCID: PMC6985672 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the heterogeneous feature of actin filaments (ACFs) associated with the cellular membrane in HeLa and HCT‐116 cells at the nanoscale level. Materials and Methods Fluorescence microscopy coupled with atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to identify and characterize ACFs of cells. The distribution of ACFs was detected by Fluor‐488‐phalloidin–labelled actin. The morphology of the ACFs was probed by AFM images. The spatial correlation of the microvilli and ACFs was explored with different forces of AFM loading on cells. Results Intricate but ordered structures of the actin cytoskeletons associated with cellular membrane were characterized and revealed. Two different layers of ACFs with distinct structural organizations were directly observed in HCT‐116 and HeLa cells. Bundle‐shaped ACFs protruding the cellular membrane forming the microvilli, and the network ACFs underneath the cellular membrane were resolved with high resolution under near‐physiological conditions. Approximately 14 nm lateral resolution was achieved when imaging single ACF beneath the cellular membrane. On the basis of the observed spatial distribution of the ultrastructure of the ACF organization, a model for this organization of ACFs was proposed. Conclusions We revealed the two layers of the ACF organization in Hela and HCT‐116 cells. The resolved heterogeneous structures at the nanoscale level provide a spatial view of the ACFs, which would contribute to the understanding of the essential biological functions of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Centre, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Centre, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaizhe Wang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Centre, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Centre, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Centre, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Centre, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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32
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Peyret G, Mueller R, d'Alessandro J, Begnaud S, Marcq P, Mège RM, Yeomans JM, Doostmohammadi A, Ladoux B. Sustained Oscillations of Epithelial Cell Sheets. Biophys J 2019; 117:464-478. [PMID: 31307676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological changes during development, tissue repair, and disease largely rely on coordinated cell movements and are controlled by the tissue environment. Epithelial cell sheets are often subjected to large-scale deformation during tissue formation. The active mechanical environment in which epithelial cells operate have the ability to promote collective oscillations, but how these cellular movements are generated and relate to collective migration remains unclear. Here, combining in vitro experiments and computational modeling, we describe a form of collective oscillations in confined epithelial tissues in which the oscillatory motion is the dominant contribution to the cellular movements. We show that epithelial cells exhibit large-scale coherent oscillations when constrained within micropatterns of varying shapes and sizes and that their period and amplitude are set by the smallest confinement dimension. Using molecular perturbations, we then demonstrate that force transmission at cell-cell junctions and its coupling to cell polarity are pivotal for the generation of these collective movements. We find that the resulting tissue deformations are sufficient to trigger osillatory mechanotransduction of YAP within cells, potentially affecting a wide range of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Peyret
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592 et Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Romain Mueller
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph d'Alessandro
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592 et Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Simon Begnaud
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592 et Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Marcq
- Laboratoire Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, CNRS UMR 7636, Sorbonne Université, ESPCI, Paris, France
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592 et Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Julia M Yeomans
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amin Doostmohammadi
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592 et Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
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