1
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Liu Y, Liu Q, Wang S, Chen Z, Sillanpää MA, Li T. Optomechanical Anti-Lasing with Infinite Group Delay at a Phase Singularity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:273603. [PMID: 35061429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.273603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Singularities which symbolize abrupt changes and exhibit extraordinary behavior are of a broad interest. We experimentally study optomechanically induced singularities in a compound system consisting of a three-dimensional aluminum superconducting cavity and a metalized high-coherence silicon nitride membrane resonator. Mechanically induced coherent perfect absorption and anti-lasing occur simultaneously under a critical optomechanical coupling strength. Meanwhile, the phase around the cavity resonance undergoes an abrupt π-phase transition, which further flips the phase slope in the frequency dependence. The observed infinite discontinuity in the phase slope defines a singularity, at which the group velocity is dramatically changed. Around the singularity, an abrupt transition from an infinite group advance to delay is demonstrated by measuring a Gaussian-shaped waveform propagating. Our experiment may broaden the scope of realizing extremely long group delays by taking advantage of singularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Qichun Liu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuaipeng Wang
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mika A Sillanpää
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tiefu Li
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- School of Integrated Circuits and Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Hu Q, Dong J, Yin J, Zou B, Zhang Y. Two-photon scattering and correlation in a four-terminal waveguide system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35664-35677. [PMID: 34808996 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scattering and correlation properties of a two-photon (TP) pulse are studied in a four-terminal waveguide system, i.e., two one-dimensional waveguides connected by a Jaynes-Cummings emitter (JCE). The wave function approach is utilized to exactly calculate the real-time dynamic evolution of the TP transport. When the width of the incident TP Gaussian pulse is much larger than the photon wavelength, the TP transmission spectra approach that of the corresponding single photon cases and are almost independent of the pulse width. On the contrary, as the pulse width is comparable to the photon wavelength, the TP transmission and correlation both show strong dependence on the pulse width. The resonant scattering due to the JCE and the photon interference together determine the TP correlation. When the distance between the TPs is small, the TP correlations between any two terminals for the scattered TP pulse are much different from those for the incident TP pulse and therefore, such a four-terminal waveguide system provides a way to control the TP correlation.
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3
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Rao JW, Xu PC, Gui YS, Wang YP, Yang Y, Yao B, Dietrich J, Bridges GE, Fan XL, Xue DS, Hu CM. Interferometric control of magnon-induced nearly perfect absorption in cavity magnonics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1933. [PMID: 33772003 PMCID: PMC7997962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The perfect absorption of electromagnetic waves has promoted many applications, including photovoltaics, radar cloaking, and molecular detection. Unlike conventional methods of critical coupling that require asymmetric boundaries or coherent perfect absorption that require multiple coherent incident beams, here we demonstrate single-beam perfect absorption in an on-chip cavity magnonic device without breaking its boundary symmetry. By exploiting magnon-mediated interference between two internal channels, both reflection and transmission of our device can be suppressed to zero, resulting in magnon-induced nearly perfect absorption (MIPA). Such interference can be tuned by the strength and direction of an external magnetic field, thus showing versatile controllability. Furthermore, the same multi-channel interference responsible for MIPA also produces level attraction (LA)-like hybridization between a cavity magnon polariton mode and a cavity photon mode, demonstrating that LA-like hybridization can be surprisingly realized in a coherently coupled system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - P C Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Y S Gui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Y P Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Bimu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - J Dietrich
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - G E Bridges
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - X L Fan
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - D S Xue
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2.
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4
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Yang H, Roga W, Pritchard JD, Jeffers J. Gaussian state-based quantum illumination with simple photodetection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8199-8215. [PMID: 33820270 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proofs of the quantum advantage available in imaging or detecting objects under quantum illumination can rely on optimal measurements without specifying what they are. We use the continuous-variable Gaussian quantum information formalism to show that quantum illumination is better for object detection compared with coherent states of the same mean photon number, even for simple direct photodetection. The advantage persists if signal energy and object reflectivity are low and background thermal noise is high. The advantage is even greater if we match signal beam detection probabilities rather than mean photon number. We perform all calculations with thermal states, even for non-Gaussian conditioned states with negative Wigner functions. We simulate repeated detection using a Monte-Carlo process that clearly shows the advantages obtainable.
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5
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Ghirri A, Cornia S, Affronte M. Microwave Photon Detectors Based on Semiconducting Double Quantum Dots. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20144010. [PMID: 32707648 PMCID: PMC7412044 DOI: 10.3390/s20144010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Detectors of microwave photons find applications in different fields ranging from security to cosmology. Due to the intrinsic difficulties related to the detection of vanishingly small energy quanta ℏ ω , significant portions of the microwave electromagnetic spectrum are still uncovered by suitable techniques. No prevailing technology has clearly emerged yet, although different solutions have been tested in different contexts. Here, we focus on semiconductor quantum dots, which feature wide tunability by external gate voltages and scalability for large architectures. We discuss possible pathways for the development of microwave photon detectors based on photon-assisted tunneling in semiconducting double quantum dot circuits. In particular, we consider implementations based on either broadband transmission lines or resonant cavities, and we discuss how developments in charge sensing techniques and hybrid architectures may be beneficial for the development of efficient photon detectors in the microwave range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ghirri
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuele Cornia
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Affronte
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
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6
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Royer B, Grimsmo AL, Choquette-Poitevin A, Blais A. Itinerant Microwave Photon Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:203602. [PMID: 29864351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The realization of a high-efficiency microwave single photon detector is a long-standing problem in the field of microwave quantum optics. Here, we propose a quantum nondemolition, high-efficiency photon detector that can readily be implemented in present state-of-the-art circuit quantum electrodynamics. This scheme works in a continuous fashion, gaining information about the photon arrival time as well as about its presence. The key insight that allows us to circumvent the usual limitations imposed by measurement backaction is the use of long-lived dark states in a small ensemble of inhomogeneous artificial atoms to increase the interaction time between the photon and the measurement device. Using realistic system parameters, we show that large detection fidelities are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Royer
- Institut quantique and Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Arne L Grimsmo
- Institut quantique and Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alexandre Choquette-Poitevin
- Institut quantique and Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Institut quantique and Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
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7
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Kokkoniemi R, Ollikainen T, Lake RE, Saarenpää S, Tan KY, Kokkala JI, Dağ CB, Govenius J, Möttönen M. Flux-tunable phase shifter for microwaves. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14713. [PMID: 29116119 PMCID: PMC5676951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a magnetic-flux-tunable phase shifter for propagating microwave photons, based on three equidistant superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) on a transmission line. We experimentally implement the phase shifter and demonstrate that it produces a broad range of phase shifts and full transmission within the experimental uncertainty. Together with previously demonstrated beam splitters, this phase shifter can be utilized to implement arbitrary single-qubit gates for qubits based on propagating microwave photons. These results complement previous demonstrations of on-demand single-photon sources and detectors, and hence assist in the pursuit of an all-microwave quantum computer based on propagating photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roope Kokkoniemi
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Tuomas Ollikainen
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Russell E Lake
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, 80305, USA
| | - Sakari Saarenpää
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Kuan Y Tan
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Janne I Kokkala
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Ceren B Dağ
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1040, USA
| | - Joonas Govenius
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikko Möttönen
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
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8
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Joas T, Waeber AM, Braunbeck G, Reinhard F. Quantum sensing of weak radio-frequency signals by pulsed Mollow absorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:964. [PMID: 29042543 PMCID: PMC5645369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum sensors—qubits sensitive to external fields—have become powerful detectors for various small acoustic and electromagnetic fields. A major key to their success have been dynamical decoupling protocols which enhance sensitivity to weak oscillating (AC) signals. Currently, those methods are limited to signal frequencies below a few MHz. Here we harness a quantum-optical effect, the Mollow triplet splitting of a strongly driven two-level system, to overcome this limitation. We microscopically understand this effect as a pulsed dynamical decoupling protocol and find that it enables sensitive detection of fields close to the driven transition. Employing a nitrogen-vacancy center, we detect GHz microwave fields with a signal strength (Rabi frequency) below the current detection limit, which is set by the center’s spectral linewidth \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$1{\rm{/}}T_2^*$$\end{document}1∕T2*. Pushing detection sensitivity to the much lower 1/T2 limit, this scheme could enable various applications, most prominently coherent coupling to single phonons and microwave photons. Dynamical decoupling protocols can enhance the sensitivity of quantum sensors but this is limited to signal frequencies below a few MHz. Here, Joas et al. use the Mollow triplet splitting in a nitrogen-vacancy centre to overcome this limitation, enabling sensitive detection of signals in the GHz range.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Joas
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - A M Waeber
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - G Braunbeck
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - F Reinhard
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
In quantum illumination entangled light is employed to enhance the detection accuracy of an object when compared with the best classical protocol. On the other hand, cloaking is a stealth technology based on covering a target with a material deflecting the light around the object to avoid its detection. Here, we propose a quantum illumination protocol especially adapted to quantum microwave technology. This protocol seizes the phase-shift induced by some cloaking techniques, such as scattering reduction, allowing for a 3 dB improvement in the detection of a cloaked target. The method can also be employed for the detection of a phase-shift in bright environments in different frequency regimes. Finally, we study the minimal efficiency required by the photocounter for which the quantum illumination protocol still shows a gain with respect to the classical protocol.
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10
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11
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Kyriienko O, Sørensen AS. Continuous-Wave Single-Photon Transistor Based on a Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:140503. [PMID: 27740803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.140503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose a microwave frequency single-photon transistor which can operate under continuous wave probing and represents an efficient single microwave photon detector. It can be realized using an impedance matched system of a three level artificial ladder-type atom coupled to two microwave cavities connected to input-output waveguides. Using a classical drive on the upper transition, we find parameter space where a single photon control pulse incident on one of the cavities can be fully absorbed into hybridized excited states. This subsequently leads to series of quantum jumps in the upper manifold and the appearance of a photon flux leaving the second cavity through a separate input-output port. The proposal does not require time variation of the probe signals, thus corresponding to a passive version of a single-photon transistor. The resulting device is robust to qubit dephasing processes, possesses low dark count rate for large anharmonicity, and can be readily implemented using current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kyriienko
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders S Sørensen
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Inomata K, Lin Z, Koshino K, Oliver WD, Tsai JS, Yamamoto T, Nakamura Y. Single microwave-photon detector using an artificial Λ-type three-level system. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12303. [PMID: 27453153 PMCID: PMC4962486 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-photon detection is a requisite technique in quantum-optics experiments in both the optical and the microwave domains. However, the energy of microwave quanta are four to five orders of magnitude less than their optical counterpart, making the efficient detection of single microwave photons extremely challenging. Here we demonstrate the detection of a single microwave photon propagating through a waveguide. The detector is implemented with an impedance-matched artificial Λ system comprising the dressed states of a driven superconducting qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. Each signal photon deterministically induces a Raman transition in the Λ system and excites the qubit. The subsequent dispersive readout of the qubit produces a discrete 'click'. We attain a high single-photon-detection efficiency of 0.66±0.06 with a low dark-count probability of 0.014±0.001 and a reset time of ∼400 ns. This detector can be exploited for various applications in quantum sensing, quantum communication and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Inomata
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Zhirong Lin
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Koshino
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa 272-0827, Chiba, Japan
| | - William D. Oliver
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA
- Departent of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jaw-Shen Tsai
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
- NEC IoT Device Research Laboratories, Tsukuba 305-8501, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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13
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Govenius J, Lake RE, Tan KY, Möttönen M. Detection of Zeptojoule Microwave Pulses Using Electrothermal Feedback in Proximity-Induced Josephson Junctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:030802. [PMID: 27472107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.030802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate and utilize electrothermal feedback in a microwave nanobolometer based on a normal-metal (Au_{x}Pd_{1-x}) nanowire with proximity-induced superconductivity. The feedback couples the temperature and the electrical degrees of freedom in the nanowire, which both absorbs the incoming microwave radiation, and transduces the temperature change into a radio-frequency electrical signal. We tune the feedback in situ and access both positive and negative feedback regimes with rich nonlinear dynamics. In particular, strong positive feedback leads to the emergence of two metastable electron temperature states in the millikelvin range. We use these states for efficient threshold detection of coherent 8.4 GHz microwave pulses containing approximately 200 photons on average, corresponding to 1.1×10^{-21} J≈7.0 meV of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Govenius
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - R E Lake
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - K Y Tan
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - M Möttönen
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland
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14
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15
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Zhang K, Bariani F, Dong Y, Zhang W, Meystre P. Proposal for an optomechanical microwave sensor at the subphoton level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:113601. [PMID: 25839267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Because of their low energy content, microwave signals at the single-photon level are extremely challenging to measure. Guided by recent progress in single-photon optomechanics and hybrid optomechanical systems, we propose a multimode optomechanical transducer that can detect intensities significantly below the single-photon level via adiabatic transfer of the microwave signal to the optical frequency domain where the measurement is then performed. The influence of intrinsic quantum and thermal fluctuations is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keye Zhang
- Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- B2 Institute, Department of Physics and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Francesco Bariani
- B2 Institute, Department of Physics and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Ying Dong
- B2 Institute, Department of Physics and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Pierre Meystre
- B2 Institute, Department of Physics and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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16
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Törmä P, Barnes WL. Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:013901. [PMID: 25536670 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/1/013901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this review we look at the concepts and state-of-the-art concerning the strong coupling of surface plasmon-polariton modes to states associated with quantum emitters such as excitons in J-aggregates, dye molecules and quantum dots. We explore the phenomenon of strong coupling with reference to a number of examples involving electromagnetic fields and matter. We then provide a concise description of the relevant background physics of surface plasmon polaritons. An extensive overview of the historical background and a detailed discussion of more recent relevant experimental advances concerning strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and quantum emitters is then presented. Three conceptual frameworks are then discussed and compared in depth: classical, semi-classical and fully quantum mechanical; these theoretical frameworks will have relevance to strong coupling beyond that involving surface plasmon polaritons. We conclude our review with a perspective on the future of this rapidly emerging field, one we are sure will grow to encompass more intriguing physics and will develop in scope to be of relevance to other areas of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Törmä
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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17
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Sanchez-Burillo E, Zueco D, Garcia-Ripoll JJ, Martin-Moreno L. Scattering in the ultrastrong regime: nonlinear optics with one photon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:263604. [PMID: 25615332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The scattering of a flying photon by a two-level system ultrastrongly coupled to a one-dimensional photonic waveguide is studied numerically. The photonic medium is modeled as an array of coupled cavities and the whole system is analyzed beyond the rotating wave approximation using matrix product states. It is found that the scattering is strongly influenced by the single- and multiphoton dressed bound states present in the system. In the ultrastrong coupling regime a new channel for inelastic scattering appears, where an incident photon deposits energy into the qubit, exciting a photon-bound state, and escaping with a lower frequency. This single-photon nonlinear frequency conversion process can reach up to 50% efficiency. Other remarkable features in the scattering induced by counterrotating terms are a blueshift of the reflection resonance and a Fano resonance due to long-lived excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sanchez-Burillo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon and Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50012 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Zueco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon and Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50012 Zaragoza, Spain and Fundacion ARAID, Paseo Maria Agustin 36, E-50004 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J J Garcia-Ripoll
- Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Martin-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon and Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50012 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Macha P, Oelsner G, Reiner JM, Marthaler M, André S, Schön G, Hübner U, Meyer HG, Il'ichev E, Ustinov AV. Implementation of a quantum metamaterial using superconducting qubits. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5146. [PMID: 25312205 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The key issue for the implementation of a metamaterial is to demonstrate the existence of collective modes corresponding to coherent oscillations of the meta-atoms. Atoms of natural materials interact with electromagnetic fields as quantum two-level systems. Artificial quantum two-level systems can be made, for example, using superconducting nonlinear resonators cooled down to their ground state. Here we perform an experiment in which 20 of these quantum meta-atoms, so-called flux qubits, are embedded into a microwave resonator. We observe the dispersive shift of the resonator frequency imposed by the qubit metamaterial and the collective resonant coupling of eight qubits. The realized prototype represents a mesoscopic limit of naturally occurring spin ensembles and as such we demonstrate the AC-Zeeman shift of a resonant qubit ensemble. The studied system constitutes the implementation of a basic quantum metamaterial in the sense that many artificial atoms are coupled collectively to the quantized mode of a photon field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Macha
- 1] Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, PO Box 100239, D-07702 Jena, Germany [2] Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany [3] ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gregor Oelsner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, PO Box 100239, D-07702 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Reiner
- 1] Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany [2] DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Marthaler
- 1] Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany [2] DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan André
- 1] Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany [2] DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerd Schön
- 1] Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany [2] DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, PO Box 100239, D-07702 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Meyer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, PO Box 100239, D-07702 Jena, Germany
| | - Evgeni Il'ichev
- 1] Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, PO Box 100239, D-07702 Jena, Germany [2] Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow region 143025, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ustinov
- 1] Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany [2] Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow region 143025, Russia [3] National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
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19
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Sathyamoorthy SR, Tornberg L, Kockum AF, Baragiola BQ, Combes J, Wilson CM, Stace TM, Johansson G. Quantum nondemolition detection of a propagating microwave photon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:093601. [PMID: 24655250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ability to nondestructively detect the presence of a single, traveling photon has been a long-standing goal in optics, with applications in quantum information and measurement. Realizing such a detector is complicated by the fact that photon-photon interactions are typically very weak. At microwave frequencies, very strong effective photon-photon interactions in a waveguide have recently been demonstrated. Here we show how this type of interaction can be used to realize a quantum nondemolition measurement of a single propagating microwave photon. The scheme we propose uses a chain of solid-state three-level systems (transmons) cascaded through circulators which suppress photon backscattering. Our theoretical analysis shows that microwave-photon detection with fidelity around 90% can be realized with existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar R Sathyamoorthy
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Tornberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anton F Kockum
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ben Q Baragiola
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - Joshua Combes
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - C M Wilson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden and Institute for Quantum Computing and Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2 L 3G1, Canada
| | - Thomas M Stace
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physical Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - G Johansson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Quantum phases in circuit QED with a superconducting qubit array. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4083. [PMID: 24522250 PMCID: PMC3923215 DOI: 10.1038/srep04083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circuit QED on a chip has become a powerful platform for simulating complex many-body physics. In this report, we realize a Dicke-Ising model with an antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor spin-spin interaction in circuit QED with a superconducting qubit array. We show that this system exhibits a competition between the collective spin-photon interaction and the antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor spin-spin interaction, and then predict four quantum phases, including: a paramagnetic normal phase, an antiferromagnetic normal phase, a paramagnetic superradiant phase, and an antiferromagnetic superradiant phase. The antiferromagnetic normal phase and the antiferromagnetic superradiant phase are new phases in many-body quantum optics. In the antiferromagnetic superradiant phase, both the antiferromagnetic and superradiant orders can coexist, and thus the system possesses symmetry. Moreover, we find an unconventional photon signature in this phase. In future experiments, these predicted quantum phases could be distinguished by detecting both the mean-photon number and the magnetization.
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21
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Spatially resolved single photon detection with a quantum sensor array. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3464. [PMID: 24322568 PMCID: PMC3857576 DOI: 10.1038/srep03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a method of resolving a spatially coherent signal, which contains on average just a single photon, against the background of local noise at the same frequency. The method is based on detecting the signal simultaneously in several points more than a wavelength apart through the entangling interaction of the incoming photon with the quantum metamaterial sensor array. The interaction produces the spatially correlated quantum state of the sensor array, characterised by a collective observable (e.g., total magnetic moment), which is read out using a quantum nondemolition measurement. We show that the effects of local noise (e.g., fluctuations affecting the elements of the array) are suppressed relative to the signal from the spatially coherent field of the incoming photon as , where N is the number of array elements. The realisation of this approach in the microwave range would be especially useful and is within the reach of current experimental techniques.
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22
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Adhikari P, Hafezi M, Taylor JM. Nonlinear optics quantum computing with circuit QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:060503. [PMID: 23432228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
One approach to quantum information processing is to use photons as quantum bits and rely on linear optical elements for most operations. However, some optical nonlinearity is necessary to enable universal quantum computing. Here, we suggest a circuit-QED approach to nonlinear optics quantum computing in the microwave regime, including a deterministic two-photon phase gate. Our specific example uses a hybrid quantum system comprising a LC resonator coupled to a superconducting flux qubit to implement a nonlinear coupling. Compared to the self-Kerr nonlinearity, we find that our approach has improved tolerance to noise in the qubit while maintaining fast operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Adhikari
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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23
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Fan B, Kockum AF, Combes J, Johansson G, Hoi IC, Wilson CM, Delsing P, Milburn GJ, Stace TM. Breakdown of the cross-Kerr scheme for photon counting. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:053601. [PMID: 23414018 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We show, in the context of single-photon detection, that an atomic three-level model for a transmon in a transmission line does not support the predictions of the nonlinear polarizability model known as the cross-Kerr effect. We show that the induced displacement of a probe in the presence or absence of a single photon in the signal field, cannot be resolved above the quantum noise in the probe. This strongly suggests that cross-Kerr media are not suitable for photon counting or related single-photon applications. Our results are presented in the context of a transmon in a one-dimensional microwave waveguide, but the conclusions also apply to optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixuan Fan
- Center for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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24
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Chen GY, Lambert N, Li CM, Chen YN, Nori F. Delocalized single-photon Dicke states and the Leggett-Garg inequality in solid state systems. Sci Rep 2012; 2:869. [PMID: 23162693 PMCID: PMC3499777 DOI: 10.1038/srep00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We show how to realize a single-photon Dicke state in a large one-dimensional array of two-level systems, and discuss how to test its quantum properties. The realization of single-photon Dicke states relies on the cooperative nature of the interaction between a field reservoir and an array of two-level-emitters. The resulting dynamics of the delocalized state can display Rabi-like oscillations when the number of two-level emitters exceeds several hundred. In this case, the large array of emitters is essentially behaving like a "mirror-less cavity". We outline how this might be realized using a multiple-quantum-well structure or a dc-SQUID array coupled to a transmission line, and discuss how the quantum nature of these oscillations could be tested with an extension of the Leggett-Garg inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yin Chen
- Department of Physics and National Center for Theoretical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Neill Lambert
- Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Che-Ming Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Supercomputing Research Center, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Nan Chen
- Department of Physics and National Center for Theoretical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Franco Nori
- Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, USA
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25
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Ridolfo A, Leib M, Savasta S, Hartmann MJ. Photon blockade in the ultrastrong coupling regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:193602. [PMID: 23215383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.193602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We explore photon coincidence counting statistics in the ultrastrong coupling regime, where the atom-cavity coupling rate becomes comparable to the cavity resonance frequency. In this regime, usual normal order correlation functions fail to describe the output photon statistics. By expressing the electric-field operator in the cavity-emitter dressed basis, we are able to propose correlation functions that are valid for arbitrary degrees of light-matter interaction. Our results show that the standard photon blockade scenario is significantly modified for ultrastrong coupling. We observe parametric processes even for two-level emitters and temporal oscillations of intensity correlation functions at a frequency given by the ultrastrong photon emitter coupling. These effects can be traced back to the presence of two-photon cascade decays induced by counterrotating interaction terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ridolfo
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, 85748 Garching, Germany
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26
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Chen YF, Hover D, Sendelbach S, Maurer L, Merkel ST, Pritchett EJ, Wilhelm FK, McDermott R. Microwave photon counter based on Josephson junctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:217401. [PMID: 22181922 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe a microwave photon counter based on the current-biased Josephson junction. The junction is tuned to absorb single microwave photons from the incident field, after which it tunnels into a classically observable voltage state. Using two such detectors, we have performed a microwave version of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment at 4 GHz and demonstrated a clear signature of photon bunching for a thermal source. The design is readily scalable to tens of parallelized junctions, a configuration that would allow number-resolved counting of microwave photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-F Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA
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27
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28
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Lang C, Bozyigit D, Eichler C, Steffen L, Fink JM, Abdumalikov AA, Baur M, Filipp S, da Silva MP, Blais A, Wallraff A. Observation of resonant photon blockade at microwave frequencies using correlation function measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:243601. [PMID: 21770569 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Creating a train of single photons and monitoring its propagation and interaction is challenging in most physical systems, as photons generally interact very weakly with other systems. However, when confining microwave frequency photons in a transmission line resonator, effective photon-photon interactions can be mediated by qubits embedded in the resonator. Here, we observe the phenomenon of photon blockade through second-order correlation function measurements. The experiments clearly demonstrate antibunching in a continuously pumped source of single microwave photons measured by using microwave beam splitters, linear amplifiers, and quadrature amplitude detectors. We also investigate resonance fluorescence and Rayleigh scattering in Mollow-triplet-like spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lang
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Mariantoni M, Menzel EP, Deppe F, Araque Caballero MA, Baust A, Niemczyk T, Hoffmann E, Solano E, Marx A, Gross R. Planck spectroscopy and quantum noise of microwave beam splitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:133601. [PMID: 21230774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We use a correlation function analysis of the field quadratures to characterize both the blackbody radiation emitted by a 50 Ω load resistor and the quantum properties of two types of beam splitters in the microwave regime. To this end, we first study vacuum fluctuations as a function of frequency in a Planck spectroscopy experiment and then measure the covariance matrix of weak thermal states. Our results provide direct experimental evidence that vacuum fluctuations represent the fundamental minimum quantum noise added by a beam splitter to any given input signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mariantoni
- Walther-Meissner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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30
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Menzel EP, Deppe F, Mariantoni M, Araque Caballero MA, Baust A, Niemczyk T, Hoffmann E, Marx A, Solano E, Gross R. Dual-path state reconstruction scheme for propagating quantum microwaves and detector noise tomography. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:100401. [PMID: 20867495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum state reconstruction of weak propagating microwaves to date requires the use of linear amplifiers. We introduce a theory which, even in the presence of significant amplifier noise, allows one to use these devices for measuring all quadrature moments of propagating quantum microwaves based on cross correlations from a dual-path amplification setup. Simultaneously, the detector noise properties are determined, allowing for tomography. We demonstrate the feasibility of our novel concept by proof-of-principle experiments with classical mixtures of weak coherent microwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Menzel
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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31
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Nation PD, Blencowe MP, Rimberg AJ, Buks E. Analogue Hawking radiation in a dc-SQUID array transmission line. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:087004. [PMID: 19792751 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.087004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose the use of a superconducting transmission line formed from an array of direct-current superconducting quantum interference devices for investigating analogue Hawking radiation. Biasing the array with a space-time varying flux modifies the propagation velocity of the transmission line, leading to an effective metric with a horizon. Being a fundamentally quantum mechanical device, this setup allows for investigations of quantum effects such as backreaction and analogue space-time fluctuations on the Hawking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Nation
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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32
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Carusotto I, Gerace D, Tureci HE, De Liberato S, Ciuti C, Imamoglu A. Fermionized photons in an array of driven dissipative nonlinear cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:033601. [PMID: 19659277 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the optical response of a one-dimensional array of strongly nonlinear optical microcavities. When the optical nonlinearity is much larger than both losses and intercavity tunnel coupling, the nonequilibrium steady state of the system is reminiscent of a strongly correlated Tonks-Girardeau gas of impenetrable bosons. Signatures of strong correlations are identified in the transmission spectrum of the system, as well as in the intensity correlations of the transmitted light. Possible experimental implementations in state-of-the-art solid-state devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carusotto
- BEC-CNR-INFM and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Italy
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