1
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Inami E, Nishioka K, Kanasaki J. Atomic-scale view of the photoinduced structural transition to form sp 3-like bonded order phase in graphite. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21439. [PMID: 38102145 PMCID: PMC10724284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoexcitation of solids often induces structural phase transitions between different ordered phases, some of which are unprecedented and thermodynamically inaccessible. The phenomenon, known as photoinduced structural phase transition (PSPT), is of significant interest to the technological progress of advanced materials processing and the fundamental understanding of material physics. Here, we applied scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) to directly characterise the primary processes of the PSPT in graphite to form a sp3-like carbon nano-phase called diaphite. The primary challenge was to provide microscopic views of the graphite-to-diaphite transition. On an atomic scale, STM imaging of the photoexcited surface revealed the nucleation and proliferation processes of the diaphite phase; these were governed by the formation of sp3-like interlayer bonds. The growth mode of the diaphite phase depends strongly on the photon energy of excitation laser light. Different dynamical pathways were proposed to explain the formation of a sp3-like interlayer bonding. Potential mechanisms for photon-energy-dependent growth were examined based on the experimental and calculated results. The present results provide insight towards realising optical control of sp2-to-sp3 conversions and the organisation of nanoscale structures in graphene-related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Inami
- School of Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan.
| | - Keita Nishioka
- Math. and Science Education Research Center, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8501, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Kanasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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2
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Dong T, Zhang SJ, Wang NL. Recent Development of Ultrafast Optical Characterizations for Quantum Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2110068. [PMID: 35853841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The advent of intense ultrashort optical pulses spanning a frequency range from terahertz to the visible has opened a new era in the experimental investigation and manipulation of quantum materials. The generation of strong optical field in an ultrashort time scale enables the steering of quantum materials nonadiabatically, inducing novel phenomenon or creating new phases which may not have an equilibrium counterpart. Ultrafast time-resolved optical techniques have provided rich information and played an important role in characterization of the nonequilibrium and nonlinear properties of solid systems. Here, some of the recent progress of ultrafast optical techniques and their applications to the detection and manipulation of physical properties in selected quantum materials are reviewed. Specifically, the new development in the detection of the Higgs mode and photoinduced nonequilibrium response in the study of superconductors by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Si-Jie Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Nan-Lin Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100913, China
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3
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Han Y, Yu J, Zhang H, Xu F, Peng K, Zhou X, Qiao L, Misochko OV, Nakamura KG, Vanacore GM, Hu J. Photoinduced Ultrafast Symmetry Switch in SnSe. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:442-448. [PMID: 34990128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Layered tin selenide (SnSe) has recently emerged as a high-performance thermoelectric material with the current record for the figure of merit (ZT) observed in the high-temperature Cmcm phase. So far, access to the Cmcm phase has been mainly obtained via thermal equilibrium methods based on sample heating or application of external pressure, thus restricting the current understanding only to ground-state conditions. Here, we investigate the ultrafast carrier and phononic dynamics in SnSe. Our results demonstrate that optical excitations can transiently switch the point-group symmetry of the crystal from Pnma to Cmcm at room temperature in a few hundreds of femtoseconds with an ultralow threshold for the excitation carrier density. This nonequilibrium Cmcm phase is found to be driven by the displacive excitation of coherent Ag phonons and, given the absence of low-energy thermal phonons, exists in SnSe with the status of 'cold lattice with hot carriers'. Our findings provide an important insight for understanding the nonequilibrium thermoelectric properties of SnSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Junhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Kunlin Peng
- College of Physics and Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- College of Physics and Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Oleg V Misochko
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Kazutaka G Nakamura
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-10, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Giovanni M Vanacore
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20121, Italy
| | - Jianbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
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4
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Gonzalez-Vallejo I, Jacques VLR, Boschetto D, Rizza G, Hadj-Azzem A, Faure J, Le Bolloc'h D. Time-resolved structural dynamics of the out-of-equilibrium charge density wave phase transition in GdTe 3. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:014502. [PMID: 38143930 PMCID: PMC10748500 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
We use ultrafast electron diffraction to study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the charge density wave (CDW) phase transition in GdTe3, a quasi-two-dimensional compound displaying a unidirectional CDW state. Experiments were conducted at different incident fluences and different initial sample temperatures below Tc. We find that following photo-excitation, the system undergoes a non-thermal ultrafast phase transition that occurs in out-of-equilibrium conditions. The intrinsic crystal temperature was estimated at each time delay from the atomic thermal motion, which affects each Bragg peak intensity via the Debye Waller factor. We find that the crystal temperature stabilizes with a 6 ps timescale in a quasi-equilibrium state at temperature T q . e . . We then relate the recovery time of the CDW and its correlation lengths as a function of T q . e . . The charge density wave is suppressed in less than a picosecond while its recovery time increases linearly with incident fluence and initial temperature. Our results highlight that the dynamics is strongly determined by the initial sample temperature. In addition, the transient CDW phase recently observed along the transverse direction in LaTe3 and CeTe3 is not observed in GdTe3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Boschetto
- LOA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - G. Rizza
- LSI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - J. Faure
- LOA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
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5
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Mankowsky R, Sander M, Zerdane S, Vonka J, Bartkowiak M, Deng Y, Winkler R, Giorgianni F, Matmon G, Gerber S, Beaud P, Lemke HT. New insights into correlated materials in the time domain-combining far-infrared excitation with x-ray probes at cryogenic temperatures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:374001. [PMID: 34098537 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac08b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern techniques for the investigation of correlated materials in the time domain combine selective excitation in the THz frequency range with selective probing of coupled structural, electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom using x-ray scattering techniques. Cryogenic sample temperatures are commonly required to prevent thermal occupation of the low energy modes and to access relevant material ground states. Here, we present a chamber optimized for high-field THz excitation and (resonant) x-ray diffraction at sample temperatures between 5 and 500 K. Directly connected to the beamline vacuum and featuring both a Beryllium window and an in-vacuum detector, the chamber covers the full (2-12.7) keV energy range of the femtosecond x-ray pulses available at the Bernina endstation of the SwissFEL free electron laser. Successful commissioning experiments made use of the energy tunability to selectively track the dynamics of the structural, magnetic and orbital order of Ca2RuO4and Tb2Ti2O7at the Ru (2.96 keV) and Tb (7.55 keV)L-edges, respectively. THz field amplitudes up to 1.12 MV cm-1peak field were demonstrated and used to excite the samples at temperatures as low as 5 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jakub Vonka
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Yunpei Deng
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Winkler
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Guy Matmon
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Beaud
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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6
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Liedy F, Eng J, McNab R, Inglis R, Penfold TJ, Brechin EK, Johansson JO. Vibrational coherences in manganese single-molecule magnets after ultrafast photoexcitation. Nat Chem 2020; 12:452-458. [PMID: 32123341 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic recording using femtosecond laser pulses has recently been achieved in some dielectric media, showing potential for ultrafast data storage applications. Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are metal complexes with two degenerate magnetic ground states and are promising for increasing storage density, but remain unexplored using ultrafast techniques. Here we have explored the dynamics occurring after photoexcitation of a trinuclear µ3-oxo-bridged Mn(III)-based SMM, whose magnetic anisotropy is closely related to the Jahn-Teller distortion. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy in solution reveals oscillations superimposed on the decay traces due to a vibrational wavepacket. Based on complementary measurements and calculations on the monomer Mn(acac)3, we conclude that the wavepacket motion in the trinuclear SMM is constrained along the Jahn-Teller axis due to the µ3-oxo and µ-oxime bridges. Our results provide new possibilities for optical control of the magnetization in SMMs on femtosecond timescales and open up new molecular-design challenges to control the wavepacket motion in the excited state of polynuclear transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Liedy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julien Eng
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robbie McNab
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross Inglis
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Euan K Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Olof Johansson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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7
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Ingold G, Abela R, Arrell C, Beaud P, Böhler P, Cammarata M, Deng Y, Erny C, Esposito V, Flechsig U, Follath R, Hauri C, Johnson S, Juranic P, Mancini GF, Mankowsky R, Mozzanica A, Oggenfuss RA, Patterson BD, Patthey L, Pedrini B, Rittmann J, Sala L, Savoini M, Svetina C, Zamofing T, Zerdane S, Lemke HT. Experimental station Bernina at SwissFEL: condensed matter physics on femtosecond time scales investigated by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:874-886. [PMID: 31074452 PMCID: PMC6510206 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751900331x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Bernina instrument at the SwissFEL Aramis hard X-ray free-electron laser is designed for studying ultrafast phenomena in condensed matter and material science. Ultrashort pulses from an optical laser system covering a large wavelength range can be used to generate specific non-equilibrium states, whose subsequent temporal evolution can be probed by selective X-ray scattering techniques in the range 2-12 keV. For that purpose, the X-ray beamline is equipped with optical elements which tailor the X-ray beam size and energy, as well as with pulse-to-pulse diagnostics that monitor the X-ray pulse intensity, position, as well as its spectral and temporal properties. The experiments can be performed using multiple interchangeable endstations differing in specialization, diffractometer and X-ray analyser configuration and load capacity for specialized sample environment. After testing the instrument in a series of pilot experiments in 2018, regular user operation begins in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Ingold
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Abela
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Beaud
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pirmin Böhler
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cammarata
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France
| | - Yunpei Deng
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christian Erny
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Esposito
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Flechsig
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Follath
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hauri
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Steven Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavle Juranic
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Roman Mankowsky
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Mozzanica
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luc Patthey
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Bill Pedrini
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Rittmann
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Sala
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Savoini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Svetina
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Zamofing
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Serhane Zerdane
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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8
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Pontius N, Beye M, Trabant C, Mitzner R, Sorgenfrei F, Kachel T, Wöstmann M, Roling S, Zacharias H, Ivanov R, Treusch R, Buchholz M, Metcalf P, Schüßler-Langeheine C, Föhlisch A. Probing the non-equilibrium transient state in magnetite by a jitter-free two-color X-ray pump and X-ray probe experiment. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2018; 5:054501. [PMID: 30310825 PMCID: PMC6158032 DOI: 10.1063/1.5042847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a general experimental concept for jitter-free pump and probe experiments at free electron lasers. By generating pump and probe pulse from one and the same X-ray pulse using an optical split-and-delay unit, we obtain a temporal resolution that is limited only by the X-ray pulse lengths. In a two-color X-ray pump and X-ray probe experiment with sub 70 fs temporal resolution, we selectively probe the response of orbital and charge degree of freedom in the prototypical functional oxide magnetite after photoexcitation. We find electronic order to be quenched on a time scale of (30 ± 30) fs and hence most likely faster than what is to be expected for any lattice dynamics. Our experimental result hints to the formation of a short lived transient state with decoupled electronic and lattice degree of freedom in magnetite. The excitation and relaxation mechanism for X-ray pumping is discussed within a simple model leading to the conclusion that within the first 10 fs the original photoexcitation decays into low-energy electronic excitations comparable to what is achieved by optical pump pulse excitation. Our findings show on which time scales dynamical decoupling of degrees of freedom in functional oxides can be expected and how to probe this selectively with soft X-ray pulses. Results can be expected to provide crucial information for theories for ultrafast behavior of materials and help to develop concepts for novel switching devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pontius
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Beye
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Trabant
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Mitzner
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Sorgenfrei
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kachel
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wöstmann
- WWU Münster, Physikalisches Institut, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Roling
- WWU Münster, Physikalisches Institut, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Zacharias
- WWU Münster, Physikalisches Institut, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - R Ivanov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Buchholz
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P Metcalf
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - C Schüßler-Langeheine
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Föhlisch
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Ideta SI, Zhang D, Dijkstra AG, Artyukhin S, Keskin S, Cingolani R, Shimojima T, Ishizaka K, Ishii H, Kudo K, Nohara M, Miller RJD. Ultrafast dissolution and creation of bonds in IrTe 2 induced by photodoping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3867. [PMID: 30062122 PMCID: PMC6063536 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The observation and control of interweaving spin, charge, orbital, and structural degrees of freedom in materials on ultrafast time scales reveal exotic quantum phenomena and enable new active forms of nanotechnology. Bonding is the prime example of the relation between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. We report direct evidence illustrating that photoexcitation can be used for ultrafast control of the breaking and recovery of bonds in solids on unprecedented time scales, near the limit for nuclear motions. We describe experimental and theoretical studies of IrTe2 using femtosecond electron diffraction and density functional theory to investigate bonding instability. Ir-Ir dimerization shows an unexpected fast dissociation and recovery due to the filling of the antibonding dxy orbital. Bond length changes of 20% in IrTe2 are achieved by effectively addressing the bonds directly through this relaxation process. These results could pave the way to ultrafast switching between metastable structures by photoinduced manipulation of the relative degree of bonding in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Ideta
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, and Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, and Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arend G. Dijkstra
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, and Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Chemistry and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sergey Artyukhin
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sercan Keskin
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, and Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Cingolani
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Takahiro Shimojima
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ishizaka
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishii
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kudo
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Minoru Nohara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - R. J. Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, and Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, 80 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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10
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Frigge T, Hafke B, Witte T, Krenzer B, Horn-von Hoegen M. Non-equilibrium lattice dynamics of one-dimensional In chains on Si(111) upon ultrafast optical excitation. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2018; 5:025101. [PMID: 29607349 PMCID: PMC5869048 DOI: 10.1063/1.5016619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced structural dynamics of the atomic wire system on the Si(111)-In surface has been studied by ultrafast electron diffraction in reflection geometry. Upon intense fs-laser excitation, this system can be driven in around 1 ps from the insulating [Formula: see text] reconstructed low temperature phase to a metastable metallic [Formula: see text] reconstructed high temperature phase. Subsequent to the structural transition, the surface heats up on a 6 times slower timescale as determined from a transient Debye-Waller analysis of the diffraction spots. From a comparison with the structural response of the high temperature [Formula: see text] phase, we conclude that electron-phonon coupling is responsible for the slow energy transfer from the excited electron system to the lattice. The significant difference in timescales is evidence that the photoinduced structural transition is non-thermally driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Frigge
- Department of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - B Hafke
- Department of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - T Witte
- Department of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - B Krenzer
- Department of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Horn-von Hoegen
- Department of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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11
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Johnson SL, Savoini M, Beaud P, Ingold G, Staub U, Carbone F, Castiglioni L, Hengsberger M, Osterwalder J. Watching ultrafast responses of structure and magnetism in condensed matter with momentum-resolved probes. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061506. [PMID: 29308418 PMCID: PMC5741437 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a non-comprehensive review of some representative experimental studies in crystalline condensed matter systems where the effects of intense ultrashort light pulses are probed using x-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy. On an ultrafast (sub-picosecond) time scale, conventional concepts derived from the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium must often be modified in order to adequately describe the time-dependent changes in material properties. There are several commonly adopted approaches to this modification, appropriate in different experimental circumstances. One approach is to treat the material as a collection of quasi-thermal subsystems in thermal contact with each other in the so-called "N-temperature" models. On the other extreme, one can also treat the time-dependent changes as fully coherent dynamics of a sometimes complex network of excitations. Here, we present examples of experiments that fall into each of these categories, as well as experiments that partake of both models. We conclude with a discussion of the limitations and future potential of these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Savoini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Beaud
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5032 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - G Ingold
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5032 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - U Staub
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5032 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F Carbone
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering, ICMP, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Castiglioni
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hengsberger
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Osterwalder
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Abela R, Beaud P, van Bokhoven JA, Chergui M, Feurer T, Haase J, Ingold G, Johnson SL, Knopp G, Lemke H, Milne CJ, Pedrini B, Radi P, Schertler G, Standfuss J, Staub U, Patthey L. Perspective: Opportunities for ultrafast science at SwissFEL. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061602. [PMID: 29376109 PMCID: PMC5758366 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the main specifications of the newly constructed Swiss Free Electron Laser, SwissFEL, and explore its potential impact on ultrafast science. In light of recent achievements at current X-ray free electron lasers, we discuss the potential territory for new scientific breakthroughs offered by SwissFEL in Chemistry, Biology, and Materials Science, as well as nonlinear X-ray science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Abela
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paul Beaud
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, and Department of Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-FSB, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Feurer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Haase
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, and Department of Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Ingold
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Steven L Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Knopp
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Lemke
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Chris J Milne
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Bill Pedrini
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Peter Radi
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Standfuss
- Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Urs Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Luc Patthey
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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13
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Elovaara T, Tikkanen J, Granroth S, Majumdar S, Félix R, Huhtinen H, Paturi P. Mechanisms of photoinduced magnetization in Pr 0.6Ca 0.4MnO 3 studied above and below charge-ordering transition temperature. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:425802. [PMID: 28782733 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa847b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of photonic field on the electronic and magnetic structure of a low bandwidth manganite [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]MnO3 (PCMO) thin film. In particular, the present study confirmed a mechanism that was recently proposed to explain how optical excitation can bias or directly activate the metamagnetic transition associated with the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect of PCMO. The transition is characterized by a shift in the dynamic equilibrium between ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic clusters, explaining how it can be suddenly triggered by a sufficient external magnetic field. The film was always found to support some population of FM-clusters, the proportional size of which could be adjusted by the magnetic field and, especially in the vicinity of a thermomagnetic irreversibility, by optical excitation. The double exchange mechanism couples the magnetic degrees of freedom of manganites to their electronic structure, which is further coupled to the ion lattice via the Jahn-Teller mechanism. In accordance, it was found that producing optical phonons into the lattice could lower the free energy of the FM phase enough to significantly bias the CMR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elovaara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wihuri Physical Laboratory, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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14
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Basov DN, Averitt RD, Hsieh D. Towards properties on demand in quantum materials. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:1077-1088. [PMID: 29066824 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an explosion in the field of quantum materials, headlined by the predictions and discoveries of novel Landau-symmetry-broken phases in correlated electron systems, topological phases in systems with strong spin-orbit coupling, and ultra-manipulable materials platforms based on two-dimensional van der Waals crystals. Discovering pathways to experimentally realize quantum phases of matter and exert control over their properties is a central goal of modern condensed-matter physics, which holds promise for a new generation of electronic/photonic devices with currently inaccessible and likely unimaginable functionalities. In this Review, we describe emerging strategies for selectively perturbing microscopic interaction parameters, which can be used to transform materials into a desired quantum state. Particular emphasis will be placed on recent successes to tailor electronic interaction parameters through the application of intense fields, impulsive electromagnetic stimulation, and nanostructuring or interface engineering. Together these approaches outline a potential roadmap to an era of quantum phenomena on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R D Averitt
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - D Hsieh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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15
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Laulhé C, Huber T, Lantz G, Ferrer A, Mariager SO, Grübel S, Rittmann J, Johnson JA, Esposito V, Lübcke A, Huber L, Kubli M, Savoini M, Jacques VLR, Cario L, Corraze B, Janod E, Ingold G, Beaud P, Johnson SL, Ravy S. Ultrafast Formation of a Charge Density Wave State in 1T-TaS_{2}: Observation at Nanometer Scales Using Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:247401. [PMID: 28665649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.247401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction is used to study a photoinduced phase transition between two charge density wave (CDW) states in 1T-TaS_{2}, namely the nearly commensurate (NC) and the incommensurate (I) CDW states. Structural modulations associated with the NC-CDW order are found to disappear within 400 fs. The photoinduced I-CDW phase then develops through a nucleation and growth process which ends 100 ps after laser excitation. We demonstrate that the newly formed I-CDW phase is fragmented into several nanometric domains that are growing through a coarsening process. The coarsening dynamics is found to follow the universal Lifshitz-Allen-Cahn growth law, which describes the ordering kinetics in systems exhibiting a nonconservative order parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laulhé
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay (Université Paris-Sud), F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - T Huber
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Lantz
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Ferrer
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S O Mariager
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S Grübel
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J Rittmann
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J A Johnson
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - V Esposito
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A Lübcke
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L Huber
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Kubli
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Savoini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V L R Jacques
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Cario
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel-UMR 6502, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - B Corraze
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel-UMR 6502, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - E Janod
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel-UMR 6502, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - G Ingold
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P Beaud
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S L Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Ravy
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay, France
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16
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Kawaguchi T, Fukuda K, Matsubara E. Site- and phase-selective x-ray absorption spectroscopy based on phase-retrieval calculation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:113002. [PMID: 27966474 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa53bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the chemical state of a particular element with multiple crystallographic sites and/or phases is essential to unlocking the origin of material properties. To this end, resonant x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (RXDS) achieved through a combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques can allow for the measurement of diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS). This is expected to provide a peerless tool for electronic/local structural analyses of materials with complicated structures thanks to its capability to extract spectroscopic information about a given element at each crystallographic site and/or phase. At present, one of the major challenges for the practical application of RXDS is the rigorous determination of resonant terms from observed DAFS, as this requires somehow determining the phase change in the elastic scattering around the absorption edge from the scattering intensity. This is widely known in the field of XRD as the phase problem. The present review describes the basics of this problem, including the relevant background and theory for DAFS and a guide to a newly-developed phase-retrieval method based on the logarithmic dispersion relation that makes it possible to analyze DAFS without suffering from the intrinsic ambiguities of conventional iterative-fitting. Several matters relating to data collection and correction of RXDS are also covered, with a final emphasis on the great potential of powder-sample-based RXDS (P-RXDS) to be used in various applications relevant to practical materials, including antisite-defect-type electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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17
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Juraschek DM, Fechner M, Spaldin NA. Ultrafast Structure Switching through Nonlinear Phononics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:054101. [PMID: 28211740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.054101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a mechanism by which nonlinear phononics allows ultrafast coherent and directional control of transient structural distortions. With ErFeO_{3} as a model system, we use density functional theory to calculate the structural properties as input into an anharmonic phonon model that describes the response of the system to a pulsed optical excitation. We find that the trilinear coupling of two orthogonal infrared-active phonons to a Raman-active phonon causes a transient distortion of the lattice. In contrast to the quadratic-linear coupling that has been previously explored, the direction of the distortion is determined by the polarization of the exciting light, introducing a novel mechanism for nonlinear phononic switching. Since the occurrence of the coupling is determined by the symmetry of the system we propose that it is a universal feature of orthorhombic and tetragonal perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Juraschek
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Fechner
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N A Spaldin
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Baldini E, Mann A, Borroni S, Arrell C, van Mourik F, Carbone F. A versatile setup for ultrafast broadband optical spectroscopy of coherent collective modes in strongly correlated quantum systems. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:064301. [PMID: 27990455 PMCID: PMC5135716 DOI: 10.1063/1.4971182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A femtosecond pump-probe setup is described that is optimised for broadband transient reflectivity experiments on solid samples over a wide temperature range. By combining high temporal resolution and a broad detection window, this apparatus can investigate the interplay between coherent collective modes and high-energy electronic excitations, which is a distinctive characteristic of correlated electron systems. Using a single-shot readout array detector at frame rates of 10 kHz allows resolving coherent oscillations with amplitudes <10-4. We demonstrate its operation on the charge-transfer insulator La2CuO4, revealing coherent phonons with frequencies up to 13 THz and providing access into their Raman matrix elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Mann
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science , IPHYS, Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Borroni
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science , IPHYS, Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Arrell
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science , ISIC, Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank van Mourik
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science , ISIC, Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Carbone
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science , IPHYS, Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Mankowsky R, Först M, Cavalleri A. Non-equilibrium control of complex solids by nonlinear phononics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:064503. [PMID: 27223639 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/6/064503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We review some recent advances in the use of optical fields at terahertz frequencies to drive the lattice of complex materials. We will focus on the control of low energy collective properties of solids, which emerge on average when a high frequency vibration is driven and a new crystal structure induced. We first discuss the fundamentals of these lattice rearrangements, based on how anharmonic mode coupling transforms an oscillatory motion into a quasi-static deformation of the crystal structure. We then discuss experiments, in which selectively changing a bond angle turns an insulator into a metal, accompanied by changes in charge, orbital and magnetic order. We then address the case of light induced non-equilibrium superconductivity, a mysterious phenomenon observed in some cuprates and molecular materials when certain lattice vibrations are driven. Finally, we show that the dynamics of electronic and magnetic phase transitions in complex-oxide heterostructures follow distinctly new physical pathways in case of the resonant excitation of a substrate vibrational mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Mankowsky
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Schick D, Le Guyader L, Pontius N, Radu I, Kachel T, Mitzner R, Zeschke T, Schüßler-Langeheine C, Föhlisch A, Holldack K. Analysis of the halo background in femtosecond slicing experiments. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:700-711. [PMID: 27140149 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751600401x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The slicing facility FemtoSpeX at BESSY II offers unique opportunities to study photo-induced dynamics on femtosecond time scales by means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, resonant and non-resonant X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments in the soft X-ray regime. Besides femtosecond X-ray pulses, slicing sources inherently also produce a so-called `halo' background with a different time structure, polarization and pointing. Here a detailed experimental characterization of the halo radiation is presented, and a method is demonstrated for its correct and unambiguous removal from femtosecond time-resolved data using a special laser triggering scheme as well as analytical models. Examples are given for time-resolved measurements with corresponding halo correction, and errors of the relevant physical quantities caused by either neglecting or by applying a simplified model to describe this background are estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schick
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Loïc Le Guyader
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niko Pontius
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilie Radu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Kachel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Mitzner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Zeschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Holldack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Li Y, Walko DA, Li Q, Liu Y, Rosenkranz S, Zheng H, Mitchell JF. Evidence of photo-induced dynamic competition of metallic and insulating phase in a layered manganite. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:495602. [PMID: 26575485 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/49/495602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show evidence that the competition between the antiferromagetic metallic phase and the charge- and orbital-ordered insulating phase at the reentrant phase boundary of a layered manganite, La0.99Sr2.01Mn2O7, can be manipulated using ultrafast optical excitation. The time-dependent evolution of the Jahn-Teller superlattice reflection, which indicates the formation of the charge and orbital order, was measured at different laser fluences. The laser-induced enhancement and reduction the Jahn-Teller reflection intensity shows a reversal of sign between earlier (~10 ns) and later (~150 ns) time delays during the relaxation after photo excitation. This effect is consistent with a scenario whereby the laser excitation modulates the local competition between the metallic and the insulating phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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22
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Först M, Mankowsky R, Cavalleri A. Mode-selective control of the crystal lattice. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:380-7. [PMID: 25594102 DOI: 10.1021/ar500391x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Driving phase changes by selective optical excitation of specific vibrational modes in molecular and condensed phase systems has long been a grand goal for laser science. However, phase control has to date primarily been achieved by using coherent light fields generated by femtosecond pulsed lasers at near-infrared or visible wavelengths. This field is now being advanced by progress in generating intense femtosecond pulses in the mid-infrared, which can be tuned into resonance with infrared-active crystal lattice modes of a solid. Selective vibrational excitation is particularly interesting in complex oxides with strong electronic correlations, where even subtle modulations of the crystallographic structure can lead to colossal changes of the electronic and magnetic properties. In this Account, we summarize recent efforts to control the collective phase state in solids through mode-selective lattice excitation. The key aspect of the underlying physics is the nonlinear coupling of the resonantly driven phonon to other (Raman-active) modes due to lattice anharmonicities, theoretically discussed as ionic Raman scattering in the 1970s. Such nonlinear phononic excitation leads to rectification of a directly excited infrared-active mode and to a net displacement of the crystal along the coordinate of all anharmonically coupled modes. We present the theoretical basis and the experimental demonstration of this phenomenon, using femtosecond optical spectroscopy and ultrafast X-ray diffraction at a free electron laser. The observed nonlinear lattice dynamics is shown to drive electronic and magnetic phase transitions in many complex oxides, including insulator-metal transitions, charge/orbital order melting and magnetic switching in manganites. Furthermore, we show that the selective vibrational excitation can drive high-TC cuprates into a transient structure with enhanced superconductivity. The combination of nonlinear phononics with ultrafast crystallography at X-ray free electron lasers may provide new design rules for the development of materials that exhibit these exotic behaviors also at equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Först
- Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - R. Mankowsky
- Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - A. Cavalleri
- Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
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23
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Yorke BA, Beddard GS, Owen RL, Pearson AR. Time-resolved crystallography using the Hadamard transform. Nat Methods 2014; 11:1131-4. [PMID: 25282611 PMCID: PMC4216935 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method for performing time-resolved X-ray crystallographic experiments based on the Hadamard transform, in which time resolution is defined by the underlying periodicity of the probe pulse sequence, and signal/noise is greatly improved over that for the fastest pump-probe experiments depending on a single pulse. This approach should be applicable on standard synchrotron beamlines and will enable high-resolution measurements of protein and small-molecule structural dynamics. It is also applicable to other time-resolved measurements where a probe can be encoded, such as pump-probe spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony A Yorke
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Robin L Owen
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Arwen R Pearson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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25
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Beaud P, Caviezel A, Mariager SO, Rettig L, Ingold G, Dornes C, Huang SW, Johnson JA, Radovic M, Huber T, Kubacka T, Ferrer A, Lemke HT, Chollet M, Zhu D, Glownia JM, Sikorski M, Robert A, Wadati H, Nakamura M, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y, Johnson SL, Staub U. A time-dependent order parameter for ultrafast photoinduced phase transitions. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:923-7. [PMID: 25087068 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Strongly correlated electron systems often exhibit very strong interactions between structural and electronic degrees of freedom that lead to complex and interesting phase diagrams. For technological applications of these materials it is important to learn how to drive transitions from one phase to another. A key question here is the ultimate speed of such phase transitions, and to understand how a phase transition evolves in the time domain. Here we apply time-resolved X-ray diffraction to directly measure the changes in long-range order during ultrafast melting of the charge and orbitally ordered phase in a perovskite manganite. We find that although the actual change in crystal symmetry associated with this transition occurs over different timescales characteristic of the many electronic and vibrational coordinates of the system, the dynamics of the phase transformation can be well described using a single time-dependent 'order parameter' that depends exclusively on the electronic excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Beaud
- 1] Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland [2] SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Caviezel
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S O Mariager
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - L Rettig
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Ingold
- 1] Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland [2] SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C Dornes
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S-W Huang
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J A Johnson
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Radovic
- 1] Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland [2] SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Huber
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Kubacka
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Ferrer
- 1] Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland [2] Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Chollet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Zhu
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Sikorski
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Robert
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H Wadati
- 1] Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - M Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Kawasaki
- 1] Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Tokura
- 1] Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - S L Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Elsaesser T, Woerner M. Perspective: structural dynamics in condensed matter mapped by femtosecond x-ray diffraction. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:020901. [PMID: 24437858 DOI: 10.1063/1.4855115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrashort soft and hard x-ray pulses are sensitive probes of structural dynamics on the picometer length and femtosecond time scales of electronic and atomic motions. Recent progress in generating such pulses has initiated new directions of condensed matter research, exploiting a variety of x-ray absorption, scattering, and diffraction methods to probe photoinduced structural dynamics. Atomic motion, changes of local structure and long-range order, as well as correlated electron motion and charge transfer have been resolved in space and time, providing a most direct access to the physical mechanisms and interactions driving reversible and irreversible changes of structure. This perspective combines an overview of recent advances in femtosecond x-ray diffraction with a discussion on ongoing and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Holldack K, Bahrdt J, Balzer A, Bovensiepen U, Brzhezinskaya M, Erko A, Eschenlohr A, Follath R, Firsov A, Frentrup W, Le Guyader L, Kachel T, Kuske P, Mitzner R, Müller R, Pontius N, Quast T, Radu I, Schmidt JS, Schüssler-Langeheine C, Sperling M, Stamm C, Trabant C, Föhlisch A. FemtoSpeX: a versatile optical pump-soft X-ray probe facility with 100 fs X-ray pulses of variable polarization. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:1090-1104. [PMID: 25177998 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514012247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Here the major upgrades of the femtoslicing facility at BESSY II (Khan et al., 2006) are reviewed, giving a tutorial on how elliptical-polarized ultrashort soft X-ray pulses from electron storage rings are generated at high repetition rates. Employing a 6 kHz femtosecond-laser system consisting of two amplifiers that are seeded by one Ti:Sa oscillator, the total average flux of photons of 100 fs duration (FWHM) has been increased by a factor of 120 to up to 10(6) photons s(-1) (0.1% bandwidth)(-1) on the sample in the range from 250 to 1400 eV. Thanks to a new beamline design, a factor of 20 enhanced flux and improvements of the stability together with the top-up mode of the accelerator have been achieved. The previously unavoidable problem of increased picosecond-background at higher repetition rates, caused by `halo' photons, has also been solved by hopping between different `camshaft' bunches in a dedicated fill pattern (`3+1 camshaft fill') of the storage ring. In addition to an increased X-ray performance at variable (linear and elliptical) polarization, the sample excitation in pump-probe experiments has been considerably extended using an optical parametric amplifier that supports the range from the near-UV to the far-IR regime. Dedicated endstations covering ultrafast magnetism experiments based on time-resolved X-ray circular dichroism have been either upgraded or, in the case of time-resolved resonant soft X-ray diffraction and reflection, newly constructed and adapted to femtoslicing requirements. Experiments at low temperatures down to 6 K and magnetic fields up to 0.5 T are supported. The FemtoSpeX facility is now operated as a 24 h user facility enabling a new class of experiments in ultrafast magnetism and in the field of transient phenomena and phase transitions in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Holldack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Johannes Bahrdt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Andreas Balzer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Uwe Bovensiepen
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Maria Brzhezinskaya
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Alexei Erko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Andrea Eschenlohr
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Rolf Follath
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Alexander Firsov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Winfried Frentrup
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Loïc Le Guyader
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Torsten Kachel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Peter Kuske
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Rolf Mitzner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Roland Müller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Niko Pontius
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Torsten Quast
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Ilie Radu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Jan Simon Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | | | - Mike Sperling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Christian Stamm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Christoph Trabant
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
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Huber T, Mariager SO, Ferrer A, Schäfer H, Johnson JA, Grübel S, Lübcke A, Huber L, Kubacka T, Dornes C, Laulhe C, Ravy S, Ingold G, Beaud P, Demsar J, Johnson SL. Coherent structural dynamics of a prototypical charge-density-wave-to-metal transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:026401. [PMID: 25062214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using femtosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction, we directly monitor the coherent lattice dynamics through an ultrafast charge-density-wave-to-metal transition in the prototypical Peierls system K(0.3)MoO(3) over a wide range of relevant excitation fluences. While in the low fluence regime we directly follow the structural dynamics associated with the collective amplitude mode; for fluences above the melting threshold of the electronic density modulation we observe a transient recovery of the periodic lattice distortion. We can describe these structural dynamics as a motion along the coordinate of the Peierls distortion triggered by the prompt collapse of electronic order after photoexcitation. The results indicate that the dynamics of a structural symmetry-breaking transition are determined by a high-symmetry excited state potential energy surface distinct from that of the initial low-temperature state.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Huber
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S O Mariager
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Ferrer
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland and Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - H Schäfer
- Physics Department, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - J A Johnson
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Grübel
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Lübcke
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland and Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, EPF Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Huber
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Kubacka
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Dornes
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Laulhe
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, FR-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - S Ravy
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, FR-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - G Ingold
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Beaud
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Demsar
- Physics Department, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany and Institute of Physics, Ilmenau University of Technology, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - S L Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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High magnetic field phase diagram in electron-doped manganites La(0.4)Ca(0.6)Mn(1-y)Cr(y)O3. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4902. [PMID: 24811441 PMCID: PMC4014982 DOI: 10.1038/srep04902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the charge-order to ferromagnetic phase transition induced by pulsed high magnetic field and impurity doping effects in manganites La0.4Ca0.6(Mn1−yCry)O3 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.2). Significant charge-order suppression and ferromagnetic tendency upon the Cr3+-doping are evidenced, and three different ground states are identified, namely the charge-order state, the phase separated state, and the spin-glass like state. Phase diagram in the H-y plane at 4.2 K is determined by the high magnetic field study, in which the charge-order and ferromagnetic phase boundary is clearly figured out. The critical magnetic field for melting the charge-order phase of La0.4Ca0.6MnO3 is revealed to reach up to 46 T at 4.2 K. Interestingly, distinct responses of the three states to the high magnetic field are observed, indicating the special physics regarding the charge order melting process in each state. The mechanism of the doping induced charge-order suppression and ferromagnetism promotion can be understood by the competition between the antiferromagnetic interaction of Cr-Mn and local enhancement of electron hopping by Cr3+.
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31
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Piazza L, Ma C, Yang HX, Mann A, Zhu Y, Li JQ, Carbone F. Ultrafast structural and electronic dynamics of the metallic phase in a layered manganite. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2014; 1:014501. [PMID: 26913564 PMCID: PMC4711593 DOI: 10.1063/1.4835116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The transition between different states in manganites can be driven by various external stimuli. Controlling these transitions with light opens the possibility to investigate the microscopic path through which they evolve. We performed femtosecond (fs) transmission electron microscopy on a bi-layered manganite to study its response to ultrafast photoexcitation. We show that a photoinduced temperature jump launches a pressure wave that provokes coherent oscillations of the lattice parameters, detected via ultrafast electron diffraction. Their impact on the electronic structure are monitored via ultrafast electron energy loss spectroscopy, revealing the dynamics of the different orbitals in response to specific structural distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Piazza
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering , ICMP, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - H X Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - A Mann
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering , ICMP, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Q Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - F Carbone
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering , ICMP, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Fink J, Schierle E, Weschke E, Geck J. Resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2013; 76:056502. [PMID: 23563216 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/5/056502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Resonant (elastic) soft x-ray scattering (RSXS) offers a unique element, site and valence specific probe to study spatial modulations of charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom in solids on the nanoscopic length scale. It is not only used to investigate single-crystalline materials. This method also enables one to examine electronic ordering phenomena in thin films and to zoom into electronic properties emerging at buried interfaces in artificial heterostructures. During the last 20 years, this technique, which combines x-ray scattering with x-ray absorption spectroscopy, has developed into a powerful probe to study electronic ordering phenomena in complex materials and furthermore delivers important information on the electronic structure of condensed matter. This review provides an introduction to the technique, covers the progress in experimental equipment, and gives a survey on recent RSXS studies of ordering in correlated electron systems and at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fink
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany.
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Caviezel A, Staub U, Johnson SL, Mariager SO, Ingold G, Möhr-Vorobeva E, Garganourakis M, Huang SW, Milne CJ, Jia QX, Jia QX, Cheong SW, Beaud P. Optical and x-ray time resolved study of the structural transition in mixed valence manganites. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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35
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Erasmus N, Eichberger M, Haupt K, Boshoff I, Kassier G, Birmurske R, Berger H, Demsar J, Schwoerer H. Ultrafast dynamics of charge density waves in 4H(b)-TaSe2 probed by femtosecond electron diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:167402. [PMID: 23215128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.167402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the photoinduced commensurate-to-incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) phase transition in 4H(b)-TaSe(2) are investigated by femtosecond electron diffraction. In the perturbative regime, the CDW re-forms on a 150-ps time scale, which is two orders of magnitude slower than in other transition-metal dichalcogenides. We attribute this to a weak coupling between the CDW carrying T layers and thus demonstrate the importance of three-dimensionality for the existence of CDWs. With increasing optical excitation, the phase transition is achieved, showing a second-order character, in contrast to the first-order behavior in thermal equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Erasmus
- Laser Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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36
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Garganourakis M, Scagnoli V, Huang SW, Staub U, Wadati H, Nakamura M, Guzenko VA, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y. Imprinting magnetic information in manganites with x rays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:157203. [PMID: 23102361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.157203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of x rays on an orbital and charge ordered epitaxial film of a Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 is presented. As the film is exposed to x rays, the antiferromagnetic response increases and concomitantly the conductivity of the film improve. These results are discussed in terms of a persistent x-ray induced doping, leading to a modification of the magnetic structure. This effect allows writing electronic and magnetic information in the film and represents a novel way of manipulating magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garganourakis
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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37
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de Jong JA, Razdolski I, Kalashnikova AM, Pisarev RV, Balbashov AM, Kirilyuk A, Rasing T, Kimel AV. Coherent control of the route of an ultrafast magnetic phase transition via low-amplitude spin precession. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:157601. [PMID: 22587282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.157601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved magneto-optical imaging of laser-excited rare-earth orthoferrite (SmPr)FeO3 demonstrates that a single 60 fs circularly polarized laser pulse is capable of creating a magnetic domain on a picosecond time scale with a magnetization direction determined by the helicity of light. Depending on the light intensity and sample temperature, pulses of the same helicity can create domains with opposite magnetizations. We argue that this phenomenon relies on a twofold effect of light which (i) instantaneously excites coherent low-amplitude spin precession and (ii) triggers a spin reorientation phase transition. The former dynamically breaks the equivalence between two otherwise degenerate states with opposite magnetizations in the high-temperature phase and thus controls the route of the phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A de Jong
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Möhr-Vorobeva E, Johnson SL, Beaud P, Staub U, De Souza R, Milne C, Ingold G, Demsar J, Schaefer H, Titov A. Nonthermal melting of a charge density wave in TiSe2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:036403. [PMID: 21838383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.036403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We use time-resolved optical reflectivity and x-ray diffraction with femtosecond resolution to study the dynamics of the structural order parameter of the charge density wave phase in TiSe2. We find that the energy density required to melt the charge density wave nonthermally is substantially lower than that required for thermal suppression and is comparable to the charge density wave condensation energy. This observation, together with the fact that the structural dynamics take place on an extremely fast time scale, supports the exciton condensation mechanism for the charge density wave in TiSe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Möhr-Vorobeva
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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39
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Lima FA, Milne CJ, Amarasinghe DCV, Rittmann-Frank MH, van der Veen RM, Reinhard M, Pham VT, Karlsson S, Johnson SL, Grolimund D, Borca C, Huthwelker T, Janousch M, van Mourik F, Abela R, Chergui M. A high-repetition rate scheme for synchrotron-based picosecond laser pump/x-ray probe experiments on chemical and biological systems in solution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:063111. [PMID: 21721678 DOI: 10.1063/1.3600616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the extension of time-resolved optical pump/x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) probe experiments towards data collection at MHz repetition rates. The use of a high-power picosecond laser operating at an integer fraction of the repetition rate of the storage ring allows exploitation of up to two orders of magnitude more x-ray photons than in previous schemes based on the use of kHz lasers. Consequently, we demonstrate an order of magnitude increase in the signal-to-noise of time-resolved XAS of molecular systems in solution. This makes it possible to investigate highly dilute samples at concentrations approaching physiological conditions for biological systems. The simplicity and compactness of the scheme allows for straightforward implementation at any synchrotron beamline and for a wide range of x-ray probe techniques, such as time-resolved diffraction or x-ray emission studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico A Lima
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ehrke H, Tobey RI, Wall S, Cavill SA, Först M, Khanna V, Garl T, Stojanovic N, Prabhakaran D, Boothroyd AT, Gensch M, Mirone A, Reutler P, Revcolevschi A, Dhesi SS, Cavalleri A. Photoinduced melting of antiferromagnetic order in La(0.5)Sr(1.5)MnO4 measured using ultrafast resonant soft x-ray diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:217401. [PMID: 21699341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We used ultrafast resonant soft x-ray diffraction to probe the picosecond dynamics of spin and orbital order in La(0.5)Sr(1.5)MnO(4) after photoexcitation with a femtosecond pulse of 1.5 eV radiation. Complete melting of antiferromagnetic spin order is evidenced by the disappearance of a (1/4,1/4,1/2) diffraction peak. On the other hand, the (1/4,1/4,0) diffraction peak, reflecting orbital order, is only partially reduced. We interpret the results as evidence of destabilization in the short-range exchange pattern with no significant relaxation of the long-range Jahn-Teller distortions. Cluster calculations are used to analyze different possible magnetically ordered states in the long-lived metastable phase. Nonthermal coupling between light and magnetism emerges as a primary aspect of photoinduced phase transitions in manganites.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ehrke
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Bergeard N, Silly MG, Krizmancic D, Chauvet C, Guzzo M, Ricaud JP, Izquierdo M, Stebel L, Pittana P, Sergo R, Cautero G, Dufour G, Rochet F, Sirotti F. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation time structure. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2011; 18:245-250. [PMID: 21335912 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049510052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation time structure is becoming a common tool for studying dynamic properties of materials. The main limitation is often the wide time domain the user would like to access with pump-probe experiments. In order to perform photoelectron spectroscopy experiments over time scales from milliseconds to picoseconds it is mandatory to measure the time at which each measured photoelectron was created. For this reason the usual CCD camera-based two-dimensional detection of electron energy analyzers has been replaced by a new delay-line detector adapted to the time structure of the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation source. The new two-dimensional delay-line detector has a time resolution of 5 ns and was installed on a Scienta SES 2002 electron energy analyzer. The first application has been to characterize the time of flight of the photoemitted electrons as a function of their kinetic energy and the selected pass energy. By repeating the experiment as a function of the available pass energy and of the kinetic energy, a complete characterization of the analyzer behaviour in the time domain has been obtained. Even for kinetic energies as low as 10 eV at 2 eV pass energy, the time spread of the detected electrons is lower than 140 ns. These results and the time structure of the SOLEIL filling modes assure the possibility of performing pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy experiments with the time resolution given by the SOLEIL pulse width, the best performance of the beamline and of the experimental station.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bergeard
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, F91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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Ichikawa H, Nozawa S, Sato T, Tomita A, Ichiyanagi K, Chollet M, Guerin L, Dean N, Cavalleri A, Adachi SI, Arima TH, Sawa H, Ogimoto Y, Nakamura M, Tamaki R, Miyano K, Koshihara SY. Transient photoinduced 'hidden' phase in a manganite. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:101-5. [PMID: 21240287 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced phase transitions are of special interest in condensed matter physics because they can be used to change complex macroscopic material properties on the ultrafast timescale. Cooperative interactions between microscopic degrees of freedom greatly enhance the number and nature of accessible states, making it possible to switch electronic, magnetic or structural properties in new ways. Photons with high energies, of the order of electron volts, in particular are able to access electronic states that may differ greatly from states produced with stimuli close to equilibrium. In this study we report the photoinduced change in the lattice structure of a charge and orbitally ordered Nd(0.5)Sr(0.5)MnO(3) thin film using picosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction. The photoinduced state is structurally ordered, homogeneous, metastable and has crystallographic parameters different from any thermodynamically accessible state. A femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopic study shows the formation of an electronic gap in this state. In addition, the threshold-like behaviour and high efficiency in photo-generation yield of this gapped state highlight the important role of cooperative interactions in the formation process. These combined observations point towards a 'hidden insulating phase' distinct from that found in the hitherto known phase diagram.
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43
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Snapshots of cooperative atomic motions in the optical suppression of charge density waves. Nature 2010; 468:799-802. [PMID: 21107321 DOI: 10.1038/nature09539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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