1
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Verma R, Sharma G, Polshettiwar V. The paradox of thermal vs. non-thermal effects in plasmonic photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7974. [PMID: 39266509 PMCID: PMC11393361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The debate surrounding the roles of thermal and non-thermal pathways in plasmonic catalysis has captured the attention of researchers and sparked vibrant discussions within the scientific community. In this review, we embark on a thorough exploration of this intriguing discourse, starting from fundamental principles and culminating in a detailed understanding of the divergent viewpoints. We probe into the core of the debate by elucidating the behavior of excited charge carriers in illuminated plasmonic nanostructures, which serves as the foundation for the two opposing schools of thought. We present the key arguments and evidence put forth by proponents of both the non-thermal and thermal pathways, providing a perspective on their respective positions. Beyond the theoretical divide, we discussed the evolving methodologies used to unravel these mechanisms. We discuss the use of Arrhenius equations and their variations, shedding light on the ensuing debates about their applicability. Our review emphasizes the significance of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), investigating its role in collective charge oscillations and the decay dynamics that influence catalytic processes. We also talked about the nuances of activation energy, exploring its relationship with the nonlinearity of temperature and light intensity dependence on reaction rates. Additionally, we address the intricacies of catalyst surface temperature measurements and their implications in understanding light-triggered reaction dynamics. The review further discusses wavelength-dependent reaction rates, kinetic isotope effects, and competitive electron transfer reactions, offering an all-inclusive view of the field. This review not only maps the current landscape of plasmonic photocatalysis but also facilitates future explorations and innovations to unlock the full potential of plasmon-mediated catalysis, where synergistic approaches could lead to different vistas in chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Verma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Vivek Polshettiwar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India.
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2
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Schirato A, Sanders SK, Proietti Zaccaria R, Nordlander P, Della Valle G, Alabastri A. Quantifying Ultrafast Energy Transfer from Plasmonic Hot Carriers for Pulsed Photocatalysis on Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18933-18947. [PMID: 38990155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis with plasmonic nanostructures has lately emerged as a transformative paradigm to drive and alter chemical reactions using light. At the surface of metallic nanoparticles, photoexcitation results in strong near fields, short-lived high-energy "hot" carriers, and light-induced heating, thus creating a local environment where reactions can occur with enhanced efficiencies. In this context, it is critical to understand how to manipulate the nonequilibrium processes triggered by light, as their ultrafast (femto- to picoseconds) relaxation dynamics compete with the process of energy transfer toward the reactants. Accurate predictions of the plasmon photocatalytic activity can lead to optimized nanophotonic architectures with enhanced selectivity and rates, operating beyond the intrinsic limitations of the steady state. Here, we report on an original modeling approach to quantify, with space, time, and energy resolution, the ultrafast energy exchange from plasmonic hot carriers (HCs) to molecular systems adsorbed on the metal nanoparticle surface while consistently accounting for photothermal bond activation. Our analysis, illustrated for a few typical cases, reveals that the most energetic nonequilibrium carriers (i.e., with energies well far from the Fermi level) may introduce a wavelength-dependence of the reaction rates, and it elucidates on the role of the carriers closer to the Fermi energy and the photothermally heated lattice, suggesting ways to enhance and optimize each contribution. We show that the overall reaction rates can benefit strongly from using pulsed illumination with the optimal pulse width determined by the properties of the system. Taken together, these results contribute to the rational design of nanoreactors for pulsed catalysis, which calls for predictive modeling of the ultrafast HC-hot adsorbate energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schirato
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa 16163, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephen Keith Sanders
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | | | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Giuseppe Della Valle
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie─Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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3
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Dai X, Sun Y. Mechanism of photocatalytic CO 2 methanation on ultrafine Rh nanoparticles. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:627-636. [PMID: 38334479 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of CO2 to yield CH4 relies on the appropriate catalysts that can facilitate the cleavage of CO bonds and dissociative adsorption of H2. Ultrafine Rh nanoparticles loaded on silica nanospheres were used as a class of photocatalysts to significantly improve the selectivity and reaction rate of producing CH4 from the mixture of CO2 and H2 under the illumination of a broadband visible light source. The intense light scattering resonances in the silica nanospheres generate strong electric fields near the silica surface to enhance the light absorption power in the supported ultrafine Rh nanoparticles, promoting the efficiency of hot electron generation in the Rh nanoparticles. The interaction of the hot electrons with the adsorbate species on the Rh nanoparticle surface weakens the C-O bond to facilitate the deoxygenation of CO2, favoring the production of CH4 with a unity selectivity at a faster rate in the presence of surface adsorbed hydrogen (H*). The systematic studies on reaction kinetics and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy under different conditions, including various temperatures, illumination powers, and feeding gas compositions, reveal the reaction mechanism responsible for CO2 methanation and the role of photoillumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | - Yugang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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4
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Votkina D, Petunin P, Miliutina E, Trelin A, Lyutakov O, Svorcik V, Audran G, Havot J, Valiev R, Valiulina LI, Joly JP, Yamauchi Y, Mokkath JH, Henzie J, Guselnikova O, Marque SRA, Postnikov P. Uncovering the Role of Chemical and Electronic Structures in Plasmonic Catalysis: The Case of Homolysis of Alkoxyamines. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darya Votkina
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Avn. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Petunin
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Avn. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Miliutina
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Andrii Trelin
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Svorcik
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Gérard Audran
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7273,
ICR case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Marseille 13397 Cedex 20, France
| | - Jeffrey Havot
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7273,
ICR case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Marseille 13397 Cedex 20, France
| | - Rashid Valiev
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St., 18, Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | | | - Jean-Patrick Joly
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7273,
ICR case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Marseille 13397 Cedex 20, France
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Junais Habeeb Mokkath
- Quantum Nanophotonics Simulations Lab, Department of Physics, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha Area, 7th Ring Road, P.O.
Box 27235, Safat 13058, Kuwait
City, Kuwait
| | - Joel Henzie
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Olga Guselnikova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Avn. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sylvain R. A. Marque
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7273,
ICR case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Marseille 13397 Cedex 20, France
| | - Pavel Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Avn. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
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5
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Piaskowski J, Ibragimov A, Wendisch FJ, Bourret GR. Selective Enhancement of Surface and Bulk E-Field within Porous AuRh and AuRu Nanorods. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:27661-27670. [PMID: 34970380 PMCID: PMC8713288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A variety of multisegmented nanorods (NRs) composed of dense Au and porous Rh and Ru segments with lengths controlled down to ca. 10 nm are synthesized within porous anodic aluminum oxide membranes. Despite the high Rh and Ru porosity (i.e., ∼40%), the porous metal segments are able to efficiently couple with the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au NRs. Finite-difference time-domain simulations show that the LSPR wavelength can be precisely tuned by adjusting the Rh and Ru porosity. Additionally, light absorption inside Rh and Ru segments and the surface electric field (E-field) at Rh and Ru can be independently and selectively enhanced by varying the position of the Rh and Ru segment within the Au NR. The ability to selectively control and decouple the generation of high-energy, surface hot electrons and low-energy, bulk hot electrons within photocatalytic metals such as Rh and Ru makes these bimetallic structures great platforms for fundamental studies in plasmonics and hot-electron science.
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6
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Li Y, Wen M, Wang Y, Tian G, Wang C, Zhao J. Plasmonic Hot Electrons from Oxygen Vacancies for Infrared Light‐Driven Catalytic CO
2
Reduction on Bi
2
O
3−
x. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Miaomiao Wen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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7
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Li Y, Wen M, Wang Y, Tian G, Wang C, Zhao J. Plasmonic Hot Electrons from Oxygen Vacancies for Infrared Light‐Driven Catalytic CO
2
Reduction on Bi
2
O
3−
x. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:910-916. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Miaomiao Wen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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8
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Kontoleta E, Tsoukala A, Askes SHC, Zoethout E, Oksenberg E, Agrawal H, Garnett EC. Using Hot Electrons and Hot Holes for Simultaneous Cocatalyst Deposition on Plasmonic Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35986-35994. [PMID: 32672034 PMCID: PMC7430944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons generated in metal nanoparticles can drive chemical reactions and selectively deposit cocatalyst materials on the plasmonic hotspots, the areas where the decay of plasmons takes place and the hot electrons are created. While hot electrons have been extensively used for nanomaterial formation, the utilization of hot holes for simultaneous cocatalyst deposition has not yet been explored. Herein, we demonstrate that hot holes can drive an oxidation reaction for the deposition of the manganese oxide (MnOx) cocatalyst on different plasmonic gold (Au) nanostructures on a thin titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer, excited at their surface plasmon resonance. An 80% correlation between the hot-hole deposition sites and the simulated plasmonic hotspot location is showed when considering the typical hot-hole diffusion length. Simultaneous deposition of more than one cocatalyst is also achieved on one of the investigated plasmonic systems (Au plasmonic nanoislands) through the hot-hole oxidation of a manganese salt and the hot-electron reduction of a platinum precursor in the same solution. These results add more flexibility to the use of hot carriers and open up the way for the design of complex photocatalytic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Kontoleta
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Tsoukala
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven H. C. Askes
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erwin Zoethout
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Eitan Oksenberg
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harshal Agrawal
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik C. Garnett
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Baffou G, Bordacchini I, Baldi A, Quidant R. Simple experimental procedures to distinguish photothermal from hot-carrier processes in plasmonics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:108. [PMID: 32612818 PMCID: PMC7321931 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Light absorption and scattering of plasmonic metal nanoparticles can lead to non-equilibrium charge carriers, intense electromagnetic near-fields, and heat generation, with promising applications in a vast range of fields, from chemical and physical sensing to nanomedicine and photocatalysis for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Disentangling the relative contribution of thermal and non-thermal contributions in plasmon-driven processes is, however, difficult. Nanoscale temperature measurements are technically challenging, and macroscale experiments are often characterized by collective heating effects, which tend to make the actual temperature increase unpredictable. This work is intended to help the reader experimentally detect and quantify photothermal effects in plasmon-driven chemical reactions, to discriminate their contribution from that due to photochemical processes and to cast a critical eye on the current literature. To this aim, we review, and in some cases propose, seven simple experimental procedures that do not require the use of complex or expensive thermal microscopy techniques. These proposed procedures are adaptable to a wide range of experiments and fields of research where photothermal effects need to be assessed, such as plasmonic-assisted chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis, photovoltaics, biosensing, and enhanced molecular spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ivan Bordacchini
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Baldi
- DIFFER – Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romain Quidant
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Gellé A, Jin T, de la Garza L, Price GD, Besteiro LV, Moores A. Applications of Plasmon-Enhanced Nanocatalysis to Organic Transformations. Chem Rev 2019; 120:986-1041. [PMID: 31725267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gellé
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tony Jin
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Luis de la Garza
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gareth D. Price
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Lucas V. Besteiro
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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11
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Dai X, Sun Y. Reduction of carbon dioxide on photoexcited nanoparticles of VIII group metals. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16723-16732. [PMID: 31478541 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide on nanoparticles of group VIII transition metals represents an emerging research area in recent years because of their promise in transforming carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into value-added chemicals and fuels with the energy input of light. This mini review summarizes the fundamentals of the reduction of carbon dioxide and addresses how the photoexcitation of the metal nanoparticles can influence the reactions. The important roles of non-thermal hot electrons and photothermal effect in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide are highlighted, and the recent research reported in the literature are overviewed. There are still challenges in characterizing the photocatalytic reactions to distinguish the contributions of non-thermal and photothermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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12
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Li X, Zhang X, Everitt HO, Liu J. Light-Induced Thermal Gradients in Ruthenium Catalysts Significantly Enhance Ammonia Production. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1706-1711. [PMID: 30721079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial scale catalytic chemical synthesis demands both high reaction rates and high product yields. In exothermic chemical reactions, these conflicting objectives require a complex balance of optimized catalysts, high temperatures, high pressures, and multiple recycling steps, as in the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. Here we report that illumination of a conventional ruthenium-based catalyst produces ammonia with high reaction rates and high conversion yields. Indeed, using continuous wave light-emitting diodes that simulate concentrated solar illumination, ammonia is copiously produced without any external heating or elevated pressures. The possibility of nonthermal plasmonic effects are excluded by carefully comparing the catalytic activity under direct and indirect illumination. Instead, thermal gradients, created and controlled by photothermal heating of the illuminated catalyst surface, are shown to be responsible for the high reaction rates and conversion yields. This nonisothermal environment enhances both by balancing the conflicting requirements of kinetics and thermodynamics, heralding the use of optically controlled thermal gradients as a universal, scalable strategy for the catalysis of many exothermic chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Li
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Henry O Everitt
- Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center , Redstone Arsenal , Alabama 35898 , United States
- Department of Physics , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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13
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Schreck S, Diesen E, LaRue J, Ogasawara H, Marks K, Nordlund D, Weston M, Beye M, Cavalca F, Perakis F, Sellberg J, Eilert A, Kim KH, Coslovich G, Coffee R, Krzywinski J, Reid A, Moeller S, Lutman A, Öström H, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. Atom-specific activation in CO oxidation. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:234707. [PMID: 30579301 DOI: 10.1063/1.5044579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on atom-specific activation of CO oxidation on Ru(0001) via resonant X-ray excitation. We show that resonant 1s core-level excitation of atomically adsorbed oxygen in the co-adsorbed phase of CO and oxygen directly drives CO oxidation. We separate this direct resonant channel from indirectly driven oxidation via X-ray induced substrate heating. Based on density functional theory calculations, we identify the valence-excited state created by the Auger decay as the driving electronic state for direct CO oxidation. We utilized the fresh-slice multi-pulse mode at the Linac Coherent Light Source that provided time-overlapped and 30 fs delayed pairs of soft X-ray pulses and discuss the prospects of femtosecond X-ray pump X-ray spectroscopy probe, as well as X-ray two-pulse correlation measurements for fundamental investigations of chemical reactions via selective X-ray excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schreck
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Elias Diesen
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Jerry LaRue
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - Hirohito Ogasawara
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kess Marks
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Martin Beye
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Filippo Cavalca
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sellberg
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Eilert
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Giacomo Coslovich
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jacek Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alex Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Stefan Moeller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alberto Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Henrik Öström
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Lars G M Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
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14
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Montemore MM, Hoyt R, Kolesov G, Kaxiras E. Reaction-Induced Excitations and Their Effect on Surface Chemistry. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Montemore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Robert Hoyt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Grigory Kolesov
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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15
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Zhang X, Li X, Reish ME, Zhang D, Su NQ, Gutiérrez Y, Moreno F, Yang W, Everitt HO, Liu J. Plasmon-Enhanced Catalysis: Distinguishing Thermal and Nonthermal Effects. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1714-1723. [PMID: 29438619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plasmon-enhanced heterogeneous catalysis, illumination accelerates reaction rates by generating hot carriers and hot surfaces in the constituent nanostructured metals. In order to understand how photogenerated carriers enhance the nonthermal reaction rate, the effects of photothermal heating and thermal gradients in the catalyst bed must be confidently and quantitatively characterized. This is a challenging task considering the conflating effects of light absorption, heat transport, and reaction energetics. Here, we introduce a methodology to distinguish the thermal and nonthermal contributions from plasmon-enhanced catalysts, demonstrated by illuminated rhodium nanoparticles on oxide supports to catalyze the CO2 methanation reaction. By simultaneously measuring the total reaction rate and the temperature gradient of the catalyst bed, the effective thermal reaction rate may be extracted. The residual nonthermal rate of the plasmon-enhanced reaction is found to grow with a superlinear dependence on illumination intensity, and its apparent quantum efficiency reaches ∼46% on a Rh/TiO2 catalyst at a surface temperature of 350 °C. Heat and light are shown to work synergistically in these reactions: the higher the temperature, the higher the overall nonthermal efficiency in plasmon-enhanced catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Xueqian Li
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Matthew E Reish
- Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center , Redstone Arsenal , Alabama 35898 , United States
| | - Du Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Neil Qiang Su
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Yael Gutiérrez
- Optics Group, Department of Applied Physics , University of Cantabria , Avda de Los Castros , s/n 39005 Santander , Spain
| | - Fernando Moreno
- Optics Group, Department of Applied Physics , University of Cantabria , Avda de Los Castros , s/n 39005 Santander , Spain
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Department of Physics , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Henry O Everitt
- Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center , Redstone Arsenal , Alabama 35898 , United States
- Department of Physics , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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16
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Zhang X, Li X, Zhang D, Su NQ, Yang W, Everitt HO, Liu J. Product selectivity in plasmonic photocatalysis for carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14542. [PMID: 28230100 PMCID: PMC5348736 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis has not found widespread industrial adoption, in spite of decades of active research, because the challenges associated with catalyst illumination and turnover outweigh the touted advantages of replacing heat with light. A demonstration that light can control product selectivity in complex chemical reactions could prove to be transformative. Here, we show how the recently demonstrated plasmonic behaviour of rhodium nanoparticles profoundly improves their already excellent catalytic properties by simultaneously reducing the activation energy and selectively producing a desired but kinetically unfavourable product for the important carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction. Methane is almost exclusively produced when rhodium nanoparticles are mildly illuminated as hot electrons are injected into the anti-bonding orbital of a critical intermediate, while carbon monoxide and methane are equally produced without illumination. The reduced activation energy and super-linear dependence on light intensity cause the unheated photocatalytic methane production rate to exceed the thermocatalytic rate at 350 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Xueqian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Du Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Neil Qiang Su
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Henry O. Everitt
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama 35898, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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17
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Zhang C, Zhao H, Zhou L, Schlather AE, Dong L, McClain MJ, Swearer DF, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Al-Pd Nanodisk Heterodimers as Antenna-Reactor Photocatalysts. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6677-6682. [PMID: 27676189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis uses light energy to drive chemical reactions. Conventional industrial catalysts are made of transition metal nanoparticles that interact only weakly with light, while metals such as Au, Ag, and Al that support surface plasmons interact strongly with light but are poor catalysts. By combining plasmonic and catalytic metal nanoparticles, the plasmonic "antenna" can couple light into the catalytic "reactor". This interaction induces an optical polarization in the reactor nanoparticle, forcing a plasmonic response. When this "forced plasmon" decays it can generate hot carriers, converting the catalyst into a photocatalyst. Here we show that precisely oriented, strongly coupled Al-Pd nanodisk heterodimers fabricated using nanoscale lithography can function as directional antenna-reactor photocatalyst complexes. The light-induced hydrogen dissociation rate on these structures is strongly dependent upon the polarization angle of the incident light with respect to the orientation of the antenna-reactor pair. Their high degree of structural precision allows us to microscopically quantify the photocatalytic activity per heterostructure, providing precise photocatalytic quantum efficiencies. This is the first example of precisely designed heterometallic nanostructure complexes for plasmon-enabled photocatalysis and paves the way for high-efficiency plasmonic photocatalysts by modular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Physics and Astronomy, and ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hangqi Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Physics and Astronomy, and ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Linan Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Physics and Astronomy, and ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Andrea E Schlather
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Physics and Astronomy, and ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Liangliang Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Physics and Astronomy, and ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Michael J McClain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Physics and Astronomy, and ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Dayne F Swearer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Physics and Astronomy, and ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Physics and Astronomy, and ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Physics and Astronomy, and ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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18
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Meng X, Liu L, Ouyang S, Xu H, Wang D, Zhao N, Ye J. Nanometals for Solar-to-Chemical Energy Conversion: From Semiconductor-Based Photocatalysis to Plasmon-Mediated Photocatalysis and Photo-Thermocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6781-803. [PMID: 27185493 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanometal materials play very important roles in solar-to-chemical energy conversion due to their unique catalytic and optical characteristics. They have found wide applications from semiconductor photocatalysis to rapidly growing surface plasmon-mediated heterogeneous catalysis. The recent research achievements of nanometals are reviewed here, with regard to applications in semiconductor photocatalysis, plasmonic photocatalysis, and plasmonic photo-thermocatalysis. As the first important topic discussed here, the latest progress in the design of nanometal cocatalysts and their applications in semiconductor photocatalysis are introduced. Then, plasmonic photocatalysis and plasmonic photo-thermocatalysis are discussed. A better understanding of electron-driven and temperature-driven catalytic behaviors over plasmonic nanometals is helpful to bridge the present gap between the communities of photocatalysis and conventional catalysis controlled by temperature. The objective here is to provide instructive information on how to take the advantages of the unique functions of nanometals in different types of catalytic processes to improve the efficiency of solar-energy utilization for more practical artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguang Meng
- TU-NIMS Joint Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) and Environmental Remediation Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Lequan Liu
- TU-NIMS Joint Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite and Functional Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Ouyang
- TU-NIMS Joint Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite and Functional Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- TU-NIMS Joint Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite and Functional Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Defa Wang
- TU-NIMS Joint Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite and Functional Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Naiqin Zhao
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite and Functional Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Ye
- TU-NIMS Joint Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) and Environmental Remediation Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite and Functional Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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19
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Omiya T, Arnolds H. Coverage dependent non-adiabaticity of CO on a copper surface. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:214705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4902540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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20
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Christopher P, Xin H, Marimuthu A, Linic S. Singular characteristics and unique chemical bond activation mechanisms of photocatalytic reactions on plasmonic nanostructures. NATURE MATERIALS 2012. [PMID: 23178296 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of heterogeneous photocatalysis has almost exclusively focused on semiconductor photocatalysts. Herein, we show that plasmonic metallic nanostructures represent a new family of photocatalysts. We demonstrate that these photocatalysts exhibit fundamentally different behaviour compared with semiconductors. First, we show that photocatalytic reaction rates on excited plasmonic metallic nanostructures exhibit a super-linear power law dependence on light intensity (rate ∝ intensity(n), with n > 1), at significantly lower intensity than required for super-linear behaviour on extended metal surfaces. We also demonstrate that, in sharp contrast to semiconductor photocatalysts, photocatalytic quantum efficiencies on plasmonic metallic nanostructures increase with light intensity and operating temperature. These unique characteristics of plasmonic metallic nanostructures suggest that this new family of photocatalysts could prove useful for many heterogeneous catalytic processes that cannot be activated using conventional thermal processes on metals or photocatalytic processes on semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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21
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Gadzuk JW. The road to hot electron photochemistry at surfaces: A personal recollection. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:091703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4746800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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22
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Linic S, Christopher P, Ingram DB. Plasmonic-metal nanostructures for efficient conversion of solar to chemical energy. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:911-21. [PMID: 22109608 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2113] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a renewed interest in the harvesting and conversion of solar energy. Among various technologies, the direct conversion of solar to chemical energy using photocatalysts has received significant attention. Although heterogeneous photocatalysts are almost exclusively semiconductors, it has been demonstrated recently that plasmonic nanostructures of noble metals (mainly silver and gold) also show significant promise. Here we review recent progress in using plasmonic metallic nanostructures in the field of photocatalysis. We focus on plasmon-enhanced water splitting on composite photocatalysts containing semiconductor and plasmonic-metal building blocks, and recently reported plasmon-mediated photocatalytic reactions on plasmonic nanostructures of noble metals. We also discuss the areas where major advancements are needed to move the field of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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23
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Olsen T, Schiøtz J. Memory effects in nonadiabatic molecular dynamics at metal surfaces. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:134109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3490247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Olsen T, Schiotz J. Quantum corrected Langevin dynamics for adsorbates on metal surfaces interacting with hot electrons. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:034115. [PMID: 20649316 DOI: 10.1063/1.3457947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the importance of including quantized initial conditions in Langevin dynamics for adsorbates interacting with a thermal reservoir of electrons. For quadratic potentials the time evolution is exactly described by a classical Langevin equation and it is shown how to rigorously obtain quantum mechanical probabilities from the classical phase space distributions resulting from the dynamics. At short time scales, classical and quasiclassical initial conditions lead to wrong results and only correctly quantized initial conditions give a close agreement with an inherently quantum mechanical master equation approach. With CO on Cu(100) as an example, we demonstrate the effect for a system with ab initio frictional tensor and potential energy surfaces and show that quantizing the initial conditions can have a large impact on both the desorption probability and the distribution of molecular vibrational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Danish National Research Foundation's Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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25
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Enkovaara J, Rostgaard C, Mortensen JJ, Chen J, Dułak M, Ferrighi L, Gavnholt J, Glinsvad C, Haikola V, Hansen HA, Kristoffersen HH, Kuisma M, Larsen AH, Lehtovaara L, Ljungberg M, Lopez-Acevedo O, Moses PG, Ojanen J, Olsen T, Petzold V, Romero NA, Stausholm-Møller J, Strange M, Tritsaris GA, Vanin M, Walter M, Hammer B, Häkkinen H, Madsen GKH, Nieminen RM, Nørskov JK, Puska M, Rantala TT, Schiøtz J, Thygesen KS, Jacobsen KW. Electronic structure calculations with GPAW: a real-space implementation of the projector augmented-wave method. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:253202. [PMID: 21393795 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/25/253202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations have become an indispensable tool in many areas of materials science and quantum chemistry. Even though the Kohn-Sham formulation of the density-functional theory (DFT) simplifies the many-body problem significantly, one is still confronted with several numerical challenges. In this article we present the projector augmented-wave (PAW) method as implemented in the GPAW program package (https://wiki.fysik.dtu.dk/gpaw) using a uniform real-space grid representation of the electronic wavefunctions. Compared to more traditional plane wave or localized basis set approaches, real-space grids offer several advantages, most notably good computational scalability and systematic convergence properties. However, as a unique feature GPAW also facilitates a localized atomic-orbital basis set in addition to the grid. The efficient atomic basis set is complementary to the more accurate grid, and the possibility to seamlessly switch between the two representations provides great flexibility. While DFT allows one to study ground state properties, time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) provides access to the excited states. We have implemented the two common formulations of TDDFT, namely the linear-response and the time propagation schemes. Electron transport calculations under finite-bias conditions can be performed with GPAW using non-equilibrium Green functions and the localized basis set. In addition to the basic features of the real-space PAW method, we also describe the implementation of selected exchange-correlation functionals, parallelization schemes, ΔSCF-method, x-ray absorption spectra, and maximally localized Wannier orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Enkovaara
- CSC-IT Center for Science Ltd., Espoo, Finland
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26
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Frigge R, Hoger T, Siemer B, Witte H, Silies M, Zacharias H, Olsen T, Schiøtz J. Site specificity in femtosecond laser desorption of neutral H atoms from graphite(0001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:256102. [PMID: 20867400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.256102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser excitation and density functional theory reveal site and vibrational state specificity in neutral atomic hydrogen desorption from graphite induced by multiple electronic transitions. Multimodal velocity distributions witness the participation of ortho and para pair states of chemisorbed hydrogen in the desorption process. Very slow velocities of 700 and 400 ms^{-1} for H and D atoms are associated with the desorption out of the highest vibrational state of a barrierless potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Frigge
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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