1
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Jain A, Yoffe SR, Ersfeld B, Holt GK, Gupta DN, Jaroszynski DA. The effect of laser pulse evolution on down-ramp injection in laser wakefield accelerators. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19127. [PMID: 39155327 PMCID: PMC11330977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron self-injection in laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) is an important determinator of electron beam parameters. Controllable and adjustable LWFA beams are essential for applications. Controlled injection by capturing sheath electrons can be achieved using plasma density down-ramps or bumps, which perturb the LWFA bubble phase velocity by varying the plasma frequency and by affecting relativistic self-focussing of the laser. We report on a comprehensive study, using particle-in-cell simulations, of the effect of laser pulse evolution on injection on density perturbations. We show how the LWFA can be optimised to make it suitable for use in a wide range of applications, in particular those requiring short duration, low slice-emittance and low energy spread, and high-charge electron bunches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arohi Jain
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Samuel R Yoffe
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Bernhard Ersfeld
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - George K Holt
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Devki Nandan Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
| | - Dino A Jaroszynski
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.
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2
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Shrock JE, Rockafellow E, Miao B, Le M, Hollinger RC, Wang S, Gonsalves AJ, Picksley A, Rocca JJ, Milchberg HM. Guided Mode Evolution and Ionization Injection in Meter-Scale Multi-GeV Laser Wakefield Accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:045002. [PMID: 39121405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
We show that multi-GeV laser wakefield electron accelerators in meter-scale, low density hydrodynamic plasma waveguides operate in a new nonlinear propagation regime dominated by sustained beating of lowest order modes of the ponderomotively modified channel; this occurs whether or not the injected pulse is linearly matched to the guide. For a continuously doped gas jet, this emergent mode beating effect leads to axially modulated enhancement of ionization injection and a multi-GeV energy spectrum of multiple quasimonoenergetic peaks; the same process in a locally doped jet produces single multi-GeV peaks with <10% energy spread. A three-stage model of drive laser pulse evolution and ionization injection characterizes the beating effect and explains our experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B Miao
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Le
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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3
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Põder K, Wood JC, Lopes NC, Cole JM, Alatabi S, Backhouse MP, Foster PS, Hughes AJ, Kamperidis C, Kononenko O, Mangles SPD, Palmer CAJ, Rusby D, Sahai A, Sarri G, Symes DR, Warwick JR, Najmudin Z. Multi-GeV Electron Acceleration in Wakefields Strongly Driven by Oversized Laser Spots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:195001. [PMID: 38804956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.195001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Experiments were performed on laser wakefield acceleration in the highly nonlinear regime. With laser powers P<250 TW and using an initial spot size larger than the matched spot size for guiding, we were able to accelerate electrons to energies E_{max}>2.5 GeV, in fields exceeding 500 GV m^{-1}, with more than 80 pC of charge at energies E>1 GeV. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that using an oversized spot delays injection, avoiding beam loss as the wakefield undergoes length oscillation. This enables injected electrons to remain in the regions of highest accelerating fields and leads to a doubling of energy gain as compared to results from using half the focal length with the same laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Põder
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J C Wood
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - N C Lopes
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Alatabi
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M P Backhouse
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - P S Foster
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A J Hughes
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Kamperidis
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - O Kononenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - C A J Palmer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Rusby
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A Sahai
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Sarri
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J R Warwick
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
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4
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Wan Y, Tata S, Seemann O, Levine EY, Kroupp E, Malka V. Real-time visualization of the laser-plasma wakefield dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj3595. [PMID: 38306435 PMCID: PMC10836718 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of new acceleration mechanisms for compactly delivering high-energy particle beams has gained great attention in recent years. One alternative that has attracted particular interest is the plasma-based wakefield accelerator, which is capable of sustaining accelerating fields that are more than three orders of magnitude larger than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators. In this device, acceleration is generated by plasma waves that propagate at nearly light speed, driven by intense lasers or charged particle beams. Here, we report on the direct visualization of the entire plasma wake dynamics by probing it with a femtosecond relativistic electron bunch. This includes the excitation of the laser wakefield, the increase of its amplitude, the electron injection, and the transition to the beam-driven plasma wakefield. These experimental observations provide first-hand valuable insights into the complex physics of laser beam-plasma interaction and demonstrate a powerful tool that can largely advance the development of plasma accelerators for real-time operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sheroy Tata
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Omri Seemann
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eitan Y. Levine
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eyal Kroupp
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Victor Malka
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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5
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Sun T, Zhao Q, Wan F, Salamin YI, Li JX. Generation of Ultrabrilliant Polarized Attosecond Electron Bunches via Dual-Wake Injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:045001. [PMID: 38335335 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration is paving the way for the next generation of electron accelerators, for their own sake and as radiation sources. A controllable dual-wake injection scheme is put forward here to generate an ultrashort triplet electron bunch with high brightness and high polarization, employing a radially polarized laser as a driver. We find that the dual wakes can be driven by both transverse and longitudinal components of the laser field in the quasiblowout regime, sustaining the laser-modulated wakefield which facilitates the subcycle and transversely split injection of the triplet bunch. Polarization of the triplet bunch can be highly preserved due to the laser-assisted collective spin precession and the noncanceled transverse spins. In our three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, the triplet electron bunch, with duration about 500 as, six-dimensional brightness exceeding 10^{14} A/m^{2}/0.1% and polarization over 80%, can be generated using a few-terawatt laser. Such an electron bunch could play an essential role in many applications, such as ultrafast imaging, nuclear structure and high-energy physics studies, and the operation of coherent radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yousef I Salamin
- Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, POB 26666 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jian-Xing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, P.O. Box 275(7), Beijing 102413, China
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6
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Miller KG, Pierce JR, Ambat MV, Shaw JL, Weichman K, Mori WB, Froula DH, Palastro JP. Dephasingless laser wakefield acceleration in the bubble regime. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21306. [PMID: 38042954 PMCID: PMC10693645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) have electric fields that are orders of magnitude larger than those of conventional accelerators, promising an attractive, small-scale alternative for next-generation light sources and lepton colliders. The maximum energy gain in a single-stage LWFA is limited by dephasing, which occurs when the trapped particles outrun the accelerating phase of the wakefield. Here, we demonstrate that a single space-time structured laser pulse can be used for ionization injection and electron acceleration over many dephasing lengths in the bubble regime. Simulations of a dephasingless laser wakefield accelerator driven by a 6.2-J laser pulse show 25 pC of injected charge accelerated over 20 dephasing lengths (1.3 cm) to a maximum energy of 2.1 GeV. The space-time structured laser pulse features an ultrashort, programmable-trajectory focus. Accelerating the focus, reducing the focused spot-size variation, and mitigating unwanted self-focusing stabilize the electron acceleration, which improves beam quality and leads to projected energy gains of 125 GeV in a single, sub-meter stage driven by a 500-J pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Miller
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA.
| | - Jacob R Pierce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Manfred V Ambat
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - Jessica L Shaw
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - Kale Weichman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - Warren B Mori
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dustin H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - John P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
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7
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Oumbarek Espinos D, Rondepierre A, Zhidkov A, Pathak N, Jin Z, Huang K, Nakanii N, Daito I, Kando M, Hosokai T. Notable improvements on LWFA through precise laser wavefront tuning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18466. [PMID: 37891421 PMCID: PMC10611724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) continues to grow and awaken interest worldwide, especially as in various applications it approaches performance comparable to classical accelerators. However, numerous challenges still exist until this can be a reality. The complex non-linear nature of the process of interaction between the laser and the induced plasma remains an obstacle to the widespread LWFA use as stable and reliable particle sources. It is commonly accepted that the best wavefront is a perfect Gaussian distribution. However, experimentally, this is not correct and more complicated ones can potentially give better results. in this work, the effects of tuning the laser wavefront via the controlled introduction of aberrations are explored for an LWFA accelerator using the shock injection configuration. Our experiments show the clear unique correlation between the generated beam transverse characteristics and the different input wavefronts. The electron beams stability, acceleration and injection are also significantly different. We found that in our case, the best beams were generated with a specific complex wavefront. A greater understanding of electron generation as function of the laser input is achieved thanks to this method and hopes towards a higher level of control on the electrons beams by LWFA is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss Oumbarek Espinos
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan.
| | - Alexandre Rondepierre
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Alexei Zhidkov
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Naveen Pathak
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Zhan Jin
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kai Huang
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nakanii
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Izuru Daito
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Masaki Kando
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Tomonao Hosokai
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
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8
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Andrianaki G, Grigoriadis A, Skoulakis A, Tazes I, Mancelli D, Fitilis I, Dimitriou V, Benis EP, Papadogiannis NA, Tatarakis M, Nikolos IK. Design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed, custom-made nozzle for laser wakefield acceleration experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103309. [PMID: 37855698 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Laser WakeField Acceleration (LWFA) is extensively used as a high-energy electron source, with electrons achieving energies up to the GeV level. The produced electron beam characteristics depend strongly on the gas density profile. When the gaseous target is a gas jet, the gas density profile is affected by parameters, such as the nozzle geometry, the gas used, and the backing pressure applied to the gas valve. An electron source based on the LWFA mechanism has recently been developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers. To improve controllability over the electron source, we developed a set of 3D-printed nozzles suitable for creating different gas density profiles according to the experimental necessities. Here, we present a study of the design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed nozzle intended for LWFA experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andrianaki
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - A Grigoriadis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - A Skoulakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Tazes
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - D Mancelli
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Fitilis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - V Dimitriou
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - E P Benis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - N A Papadogiannis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - M Tatarakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I K Nikolos
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
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9
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Dorchies F, Ta Phuoc K, Lecherbourg L. Nonequilibrium warm dense matter investigated with laser-plasma-based XANES down to the femtosecond. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:054301. [PMID: 37720412 PMCID: PMC10505070 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of laser-plasma-based x-ray sources is discussed, with a view to carrying out time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, down to the femtosecond timescale. A review of recent experiments performed by our team is presented. They concern the study of the nonequilibrium transition of metals from solid to the warm dense regime, which imposes specific constraints (the sample being destroyed after each shot). Particular attention is paid to the description of experimental devices and methodologies. Two main types of x-ray sources are compared, respectively, based on the emission of a hot plasma, and on the betatron radiation from relativistic electrons accelerated by laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Dorchies
- Université, Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - K. Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, F-91761 Palaiseau, France
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10
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Deng A, Li X, Luo Z, Li Y, Zeng J. Generation of attosecond micro bunched beam using ionization injection in laser wakefield acceleration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19958-19967. [PMID: 37381400 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Micro bunched electron beams with periodic longitudinal density modulation at optical wavelengths give rise to coherent light emission. In this paper, we show attosecond micro bunched beam generation and acceleration in laser-plasma wakefield via particle-in-cell simulations. Due to the near-threshold ionization with the drive laser, the electrons with phase-dependent distributions are non-linearly mapped to discrete final phase spaces. Electrons can preserve this initial bunching structure during the acceleration, leading to an attosecond electron bunch train after leaving the plasma with separations of the same time scale. The modulation of the comb-like current density profile is about 2k0 ∼ 3k0, where k0 is the wavenumber of the laser pulse. Such pre-bunched electrons with low relative energy spread may have potential in applications related to future coherent light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators and broad application prospects in attosecond science and ultrafast dynamical detection.
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11
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Dewhurst KA, Muratori BD, Brunetti E, van der Geer B, de Loos M, Owen HL, Wiggins SM, Jaroszynski DA. A beamline to control longitudinal phase space whilst transporting laser wakefield accelerated electrons to an undulator. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8831. [PMID: 37258601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) can produce high-energy electron bunches in short distances. Successfully coupling these sources with undulators has the potential to form an LWFA-driven free-electron laser (FEL), providing high-intensity short-wavelength radiation. Electron bunches produced from LWFAs have a correlated distribution in longitudinal phase space: a chirp. However, both LWFAs and FELs have strict parameter requirements. The bunch chirp created using ideal LWFA parameters may not suit the FEL; for example, a chirp can reduce the high peak current required for free-electron lasing. We, therefore, design a flexible beamline that can accept either positively or negatively chirped LWFA bunches and adjust the chirp during transport to an undulator. We have used the accelerator design program MAD8 to design a beamline in stages, and to track particle bunches. The final beamline design can produce ambidirectional values of longitudinal dispersion ([Formula: see text]): we demonstrate values of + 0.20 mm, 0.00 mm and - 0.22 mm. Positive or negative values of [Formula: see text] apply a shear forward or backward in the longitudinal phase space of the electron bunch, which provides control of the bunch chirp. This chirp control during the bunch transport gives an additional free parameter and marks a new approach to matching future LWFA-driven FELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay A Dewhurst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- The Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK.
- Beams Department (BE), CERN, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno D Muratori
- The Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
- ASTeC, UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4FS, UK
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | | | | | - Hywel L Owen
- The Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
- ASTeC, UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4FS, UK
| | - S Mark Wiggins
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Dino A Jaroszynski
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.
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12
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Wan Y, Tata S, Seemann O, Levine EY, Smartsev S, Kroupp E, Malka V. Femtosecond electron microscopy of relativistic electron bunches. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:116. [PMID: 37164977 PMCID: PMC10172298 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of plasma-based accelerators has enabled the generation of very high brightness electron bunches of femtosecond duration, micrometer size and ultralow emittance, crucial for emerging applications including ultrafast detection in material science, laboratory-scale free-electron lasers and compact colliders for high-energy physics. The precise characterization of the initial bunch parameters is critical to the ability to manipulate the beam properties for downstream applications. Proper diagnostic of such ultra-short and high charge density laser-plasma accelerated bunches, however, remains very challenging. Here we address this challenge with a novel technique we name as femtosecond ultrarelativistic electron microscopy, which utilizes an electron bunch from another laser-plasma accelerator as a probe. In contrast to conventional microscopy of using very low-energy electrons, the femtosecond duration and high electron energy of such a probe beam enable it to capture the ultra-intense space-charge fields of the investigated bunch and to reconstruct the charge distribution with very high spatiotemporal resolution, all in a single shot. In the experiment presented here we have used this technique to study the shape of a laser-plasma accelerated electron beam, its asymmetry due to the drive laser polarization, and its beam evolution as it exits the plasma. We anticipate that this method will significantly advance the understanding of complex beam-plasma dynamics and will also provide a powerful new tool for real-time optimization of plasma accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Sheroy Tata
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Omri Seemann
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Eitan Y Levine
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Slava Smartsev
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Eyal Kroupp
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Victor Malka
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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13
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Maldonado EP, Samad RE, Zuffi AVF, Vieira ND. Simulation of self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration using few TW in downramp injection and ionization injection regimes. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:3202-3207. [PMID: 37133170 DOI: 10.1364/ao.477401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Simulations of transitional self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration driven by laser pulses of a few terawatts are discussed, comparing a downramp-based injection regime with an ionization injection regime. We demonstrate that a configuration using an N 2 gas target and a laser pulse of ∼75m J with ∼2T W peak power is a good alternative as a high repetition rate system that produces electrons of many tens of MeV, pC charge, and emittance of the order of 1 mm mrad.
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14
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von der Leyen MW, Holloway J, Ma Y, Campbell PT, Aboushelbaya R, Qian Q, Antoine AF, Balcazar M, Cardarelli J, Feng Q, Fitzgarrald R, Hou BX, Kalinchenko G, Latham J, Maksimchuk AM, McKelvey A, Nees J, Ouatu I, Paddock RW, Spiers B, Thomas AGR, Timmis R, Krushelnick K, Norreys PA. Observation of Monoenergetic Electrons from Two-Pulse Ionization Injection in Quasilinear Laser Wakefields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:105002. [PMID: 36962018 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The generation of low emittance electron beams from laser-driven wakefields is crucial for the development of compact x-ray sources. Here, we show new results for the injection and acceleration of quasimonoenergetic electron beams in low amplitude wakefields experimentally and using simulations. This is achieved by using two laser pulses decoupling the wakefield generation from the electron trapping via ionization injection. The injection duration, which affects the beam charge and energy spread, is found to be tunable by adjusting the relative pulse delay. By changing the polarization of the injector pulse, reducing the ionization volume, the electron spectra of the accelerated electron bunches are improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W von der Leyen
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Holloway
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P T Campbell
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Aboushelbaya
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Q Qian
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A F Antoine
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Balcazar
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Cardarelli
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Q Feng
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Fitzgarrald
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - B X Hou
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Kalinchenko
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Latham
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A M Maksimchuk
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A McKelvey
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Nees
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - I Ouatu
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R W Paddock
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B Spiers
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A G R Thomas
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Timmis
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - K Krushelnick
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P A Norreys
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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15
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Grigoriadis A, Andrianaki G, Tazes I, Dimitriou V, Tatarakis M, Benis EP, Papadogiannis NA. Efficient plasma electron accelerator driven by linearly chirped multi-10-TW laser pulses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2918. [PMID: 36806668 PMCID: PMC9941572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal rearrangement of the spectral components of an ultrafast and intense laser pulse, i.e., the chirp of the pulse, offers significant possibilities for controlling its interaction with matter and plasma. In the propagation of ultra-strong laser pulses within the self-induced plasma, laser pulse chirp can play a major role in the dynamics of wakefield and plasma bubble formation, as well as in the electron injection and related electron acceleration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the control of the generation efficiency of a relativistic electron beam, with respect to maximum electron energy and current, by accurately varying the chirp value of a multi-10-TW laser pulse. We explicitly show that positively chirped laser pulses, i.e., pulses with instantaneous frequency increasing with time, accelerate electrons in the order of 100 MeV much more efficiently in comparison to unchirped or negatively chirped pulses. Corresponding Particle-In-Cell simulations strongly support the experimental results, depicting a smoother plasma bubble density distribution and electron injection conditions that favor the maximum acceleration of the electron beam, when positively chirped laser pulses are used. Our results, aside from extending the validity of similar studies reported for PW laser pulses, provide the ground for understanding the subtle dynamics of an efficient plasma electron accelerator driven by chirped laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Grigoriadis
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.9594.10000 0001 2108 7481Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - G. Andrianaki
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.6809.70000 0004 0622 3117School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - I. Tazes
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - V. Dimitriou
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymnon, Greece
| | - M. Tatarakis
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - E. P. Benis
- grid.9594.10000 0001 2108 7481Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - N. A. Papadogiannis
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymnon, Greece
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16
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Pak T, Rezaei-Pandari M, Kim SB, Lee G, Wi DH, Hojbota CI, Mirzaie M, Kim H, Sung JH, Lee SK, Kang C, Kim KY. Multi-millijoule terahertz emission from laser-wakefield-accelerated electrons. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:37. [PMID: 36740599 PMCID: PMC9899771 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-power terahertz radiation was observed to be emitted from a gas jet irradiated by 100-terawatt-class laser pulses in the laser-wakefield acceleration of electrons. The emitted terahertz radiation was characterized in terms of its spectrum, polarization, and energy dependence on the accompanying electron bunch energy and charge under various gas target conditions. With a nitrogen target, more than 4 mJ of energy was produced at <10 THz with a laser-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of ~0.15%. Such strong terahertz radiation is hypothesized to be produced from plasma electrons accelerated by the ponderomotive force of the laser and the plasma wakefields on the time scale of the laser pulse duration and plasma period. This model is examined with analytic calculations and particle-in-cell simulations to better understand the generation mechanism of high-energy terahertz radiation in laser-wakefield acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegyu Pak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Mohammad Rezaei-Pandari
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sang Beom Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Geonwoo Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Dae Hee Wi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Calin Ioan Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Mohammad Mirzaie
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyeongmun Kim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Chul Kang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Ki-Yong Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
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17
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Xu J, Bae L, Ezzat M, Kim HT, Yang JM, Lee SH, Yoon JW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Ji L, Shen B, Nam CH. Nanoparticle-insertion scheme to decouple electron injection from laser evolution in laser wakefield acceleration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11128. [PMID: 35778463 PMCID: PMC9249746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A localized nanoparticle insertion scheme is developed to decouple electron injection from laser evolution in laser wakefield acceleration. Here we report the experimental realization of a controllable electron injection by the nanoparticle insertion method into a plasma medium, where the injection position is localized within the short range of 100 μm. Nanoparticles were generated by the laser ablation process of a copper blade target using a 3-ns 532-nm laser pulse with fluence above 100 J/cm2. The produced electron bunches with a beam charge above 300 pC and divergence of around 12 mrad show the injection probability over 90% after optimizing the ablation laser energy and the temporal delay between the ablation and the main laser pulses. Since this nanoparticle insertion method can avoid the disturbing effects of electron injection process on laser evolution, the stable high-charge injection method can provide a suitable electron injector for multi-GeV electron sources from low-density plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Leejin Bae
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Ezzat
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Moon Yang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Yoon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Liangliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Baifei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China. .,Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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18
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High-charge electron beams from a laser-wakefield accelerator driven by a CO 2 laser. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6703. [PMID: 35585094 PMCID: PMC9117239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) driven by widely available 100s TW-class near-infrared laser systems have been shown to produce GeV-level electron beams with 10s-100s pC charge in centimetre-scale plasma. As the strength of the ponderomotive force is proportional to the square of the laser wavelength, more efficient LWFAs could be realised using longer wavelength lasers. Here we present a numerical study showing that [Formula: see text], sub-picosecond CO2 lasers with peak powers of 100-800 TW can produce high-charge electron beams, exceeding that possible from LWFAs driven by femtosecond near-infrared lasers by up to three orders of magnitude. Depending on the laser and plasma parameters, electron beams with 10s MeV to GeV energy and 1-100 nC charge can be generated in 10-200 mm long plasma or gas media without requiring external guiding. The laser-to-electron energy conversion efficiency can be up to 70% and currents of 100s kA are achievable. A CO2 laser driven LWFA could be useful for applications requiring compact and industrially robust accelerators and radiations sources.
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19
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Kim J, Wang T, Khudik V, Shvets G. Subfemtosecond Wakefield Injector and Accelerator Based on an Undulating Plasma Bubble Controlled by a Laser Phase. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:164801. [PMID: 34723604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a long-propagating plasma bubble executing undulatory motion can be produced in the wake of two copropagating laser pulses: a near-single-cycle injector and a multicycle driver. When the undulation amplitude exceeds the analytically derived threshold, highly localized injections of plasma electrons into the bubble are followed by their long-distance acceleration. While the locations of the injection regions are controlled by the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the injector pulse, the monoenergetic spectrum of the accelerated subfemtosecond high-charge electron bunches is shown to be nearly CEP independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Tianhong Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Vladimir Khudik
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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20
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Ronga MG, Cavallone M, Patriarca A, Leite AM, Loap P, Favaudon V, Créhange G, De Marzi L. Back to the Future: Very High-Energy Electrons (VHEEs) and Their Potential Application in Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4942. [PMID: 34638424 PMCID: PMC8507836 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of innovative approaches that would reduce the sensitivity of healthy tissues to irradiation while maintaining the efficacy of the treatment on the tumor is of crucial importance for the progress of the efficacy of radiotherapy. Recent methodological developments and innovations, such as scanned beams, ultra-high dose rates, and very high-energy electrons, which may be simultaneously available on new accelerators, would allow for possible radiobiological advantages of very short pulses of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) therapy for radiation therapy to be considered. In particular, very high-energy electron (VHEE) radiotherapy, in the energy range of 100 to 250 MeV, first proposed in the 2000s, would be particularly interesting both from a ballistic and biological point of view for the establishment of this new type of irradiation technique. In this review, we examine and summarize the current knowledge on VHEE radiotherapy and provide a synthesis of the studies that have been published on various experimental and simulation works. We will also consider the potential for VHEE therapy to be translated into clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ronga
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
- Thales AVS Microwave & Imaging Sub-Systems, 78141 Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Marco Cavallone
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Annalisa Patriarca
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Amelia Maia Leite
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
- INSERM LITO U1288, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Loap
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Vincent Favaudon
- INSERM U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France;
| | - Gilles Créhange
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
- INSERM LITO U1288, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
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21
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Kirchen M, Jalas S, Messner P, Winkler P, Eichner T, Hübner L, Hülsenbusch T, Jeppe L, Parikh T, Schnepp M, Maier AR. Optimal Beam Loading in a Laser-Plasma Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:174801. [PMID: 33988405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Applications of laser-plasma accelerators demand low energy spread beams and high-efficiency operation. Achieving both requires flattening the accelerating fields by controlled beam loading of the plasma wave. Here, we optimize the generation of an electron bunch via localized ionization injection, such that the combination of injected current profile and averaged acceleration dynamics results in optimal beam loading conditions. This enables the reproducible production of 1.2% rms energy spread bunches with 282 MeV and 44 pC at an estimated energy-transfer efficiency of ∼19%. We correlate shot-to-shot variations to reveal the phase space dynamics and train a neural network that predicts the beam quality as a function of the drive laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kirchen
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Jalas
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Messner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Ultrafast Imaging and Structural Dynamics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Winkler
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Eichner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Hübner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hülsenbusch
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laurids Jeppe
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Trupen Parikh
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schnepp
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas R Maier
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Jalas S, Kirchen M, Messner P, Winkler P, Hübner L, Dirkwinkel J, Schnepp M, Lehe R, Maier AR. Bayesian Optimization of a Laser-Plasma Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:104801. [PMID: 33784117 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Generating high-quality laser-plasma accelerated electron beams requires carefully balancing a plethora of physical effects and is therefore challenging-both conceptually and in experiments. Here, we use Bayesian optimization of key laser and plasma parameters to flatten the longitudinal phase space of an ionization-injected electron bunch via optimal beam loading. We first study the concept with particle-in-cell simulations and then demonstrate it in experiments. Starting from an arbitrary set point, the plasma accelerator autonomously tunes the beam energy spread to the subpercent level at 254 MeV and 4.7 pC/MeV spectral density. Finally, we study a robust regime, which improves the stability of the laser-plasma accelerator and delivers sub-five-percent rms energy spread beams for 90% of all shots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Jalas
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Kirchen
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Messner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Ultrafast Imaging & Structural Dynamics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Winkler
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Hübner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Dirkwinkel
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schnepp
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Remi Lehe
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andreas R Maier
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Shalloo RJ, Dann SJD, Gruse JN, Underwood CID, Antoine AF, Arran C, Backhouse M, Baird CD, Balcazar MD, Bourgeois N, Cardarelli JA, Hatfield P, Kang J, Krushelnick K, Mangles SPD, Murphy CD, Lu N, Osterhoff J, Põder K, Rajeev PP, Ridgers CP, Rozario S, Selwood MP, Shahani AJ, Symes DR, Thomas AGR, Thornton C, Najmudin Z, Streeter MJV. Automation and control of laser wakefield accelerators using Bayesian optimization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6355. [PMID: 33311487 PMCID: PMC7732832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser wakefield accelerators promise to revolutionize many areas of accelerator science. However, one of the greatest challenges to their widespread adoption is the difficulty in control and optimization of the accelerator outputs due to coupling between input parameters and the dynamic evolution of the accelerating structure. Here, we use machine learning techniques to automate a 100 MeV-scale accelerator, which optimized its outputs by simultaneously varying up to six parameters including the spectral and spatial phase of the laser and the plasma density and length. Most notably, the model built by the algorithm enabled optimization of the laser evolution that might otherwise have been missed in single-variable scans. Subtle tuning of the laser pulse shape caused an 80% increase in electron beam charge, despite the pulse length changing by just 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Shalloo
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - S J D Dann
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - J-N Gruse
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C I D Underwood
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A F Antoine
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - C Arran
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M Backhouse
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C D Baird
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M D Balcazar
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - N Bourgeois
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - J A Cardarelli
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - P Hatfield
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - J Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - K Krushelnick
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C D Murphy
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - N Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Põder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P P Rajeev
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - C P Ridgers
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Rozario
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M P Selwood
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A J Shahani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - A G R Thomas
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - C Thornton
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M J V Streeter
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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24
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Massimo F, Beck A, Derouillat J, Zemzemi I, Specka A. Numerical modeling of laser tunneling ionization in particle-in-cell codes with a laser envelope model. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:033204. [PMID: 33075946 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.033204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The resources needed for particle-in-cell simulations of laser wakefield acceleration can be greatly reduced in many cases of interest using an envelope model. However, the inclusion of tunneling ionization in this time-averaged treatment of laser-plasma acceleration is not straightforward, since the statistical features of the electron beams obtained through ionization should ideally be reproduced without resolving the high-frequency laser oscillations. In this context, an extension of an already known envelope ionization procedure is proposed, valid also for laser pulses with higher intensities, which consists in adding the initial longitudinal drift to the newly created electrons within the laser pulse ionizing the medium. The accuracy of the proposed procedure is shown with both linear and circular polarization in a simple benchmark where a nitrogen slab is ionized by a laser pulse and in a more complex benchmark of laser plasma acceleration with ionization injection in the nonlinear regime. With this addition to the envelope ionization algorithm, the main phase space properties of the bunches injected in a plasma wakefield with ionization by a laser (charge, average energy, energy spread, rms sizes, and normalized emittance) can be estimated with accuracy comparable to a nonenvelope simulation with significantly reduced resources, even in cylindrical geometry. Through this extended algorithm, preliminary studies of ionization injection in laser wakefield acceleration can be easily carried out even on a laptop.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Massimo
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet-École polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - A Beck
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet-École polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - J Derouillat
- Maison de la Simulation, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - I Zemzemi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet-École polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - A Specka
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet-École polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Palaiseau 91128, France
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25
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Ouillé M, Vernier A, Böhle F, Bocoum M, Jullien A, Lozano M, Rousseau JP, Cheng Z, Gustas D, Blumenstein A, Simon P, Haessler S, Faure J, Nagy T, Lopez-Martens R. Relativistic-intensity near-single-cycle light waveforms at kHz repetition rate. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:47. [PMID: 32218918 PMCID: PMC7089946 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of ultra-intense and ultra-short light sources is currently a subject of intense research driven by the discovery of novel phenomena in the realm of relativistic optics, such as the production of ultrafast energetic particle and radiation beams for applications. It has been a long-standing challenge to unite two hitherto distinct classes of light sources: those achieving relativistic intensity and those with pulse durations approaching a single light cycle. While the former class traditionally involves large-scale amplification chains, the latter class places high demand on the spatiotemporal control of the electromagnetic laser field. Here, we present a light source producing waveform-controlled 1.5-cycle pulses with a 719 nm central wavelength that can be focused to relativistic intensity at a 1 kHz repetition rate based on nonlinear post-compression in a long hollow-core fiber. The unique capabilities of this source allow us to observe the first experimental indications of light waveform effects in laser wakefield acceleration of relativistic energy electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ouillé
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Ardop Engineering, Cité de la Photonique, 11 Avenue de la Canteranne, bât. Pléione, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Aline Vernier
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Frederik Böhle
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Maïmouna Bocoum
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Aurélie Jullien
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Magali Lozano
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Rousseau
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Dominykas Gustas
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Andreas Blumenstein
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Simon
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Haessler
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jérôme Faure
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Lopez-Martens
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 181 chemin de la Hunière et des Joncherettes, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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26
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Ma Y, Seipt D, Hussein AE, Hakimi S, Beier NF, Hansen SB, Hinojosa J, Maksimchuk A, Nees J, Krushelnick K, Thomas AGR, Dollar F. Polarization-Dependent Self-Injection by Above Threshold Ionization Heating in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:114801. [PMID: 32242688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of a decreased self-injection threshold by using laser pulses with circular polarization in laser wakefield acceleration experiments in a nonpreformed plasma, compared to the usually employed linear polarization. A significantly higher electron beam charge was also observed for circular polarization compared to linear polarization over a wide range of parameters. Theoretical analysis and quasi-3D particle-in-cell simulations reveal that the self-injection and hence the laser wakefield acceleration is polarization dependent and indicate a different injection mechanism for circularly polarized laser pulses, originating from larger momentum gain by electrons during above threshold ionization. This enables electrons to meet the trapping condition more easily, and the resulting higher plasma temperature was confirmed via spectroscopy of the XUV plasma emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D Seipt
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A E Hussein
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - S Hakimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - N F Beier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S B Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J Hinojosa
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Maksimchuk
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Nees
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K Krushelnick
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A G R Thomas
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - F Dollar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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27
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Ding H, Döpp A, Gilljohann M, Götzfried J, Schindler S, Wildgruber L, Cheung G, Hooker SM, Karsch S. Nonlinear plasma wavelength scalings in a laser wakefield accelerator. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:023209. [PMID: 32168651 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.023209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration relies on the excitation of a plasma wave due to the ponderomotive force of an intense laser pulse. However, plasma wave trains in the wake of the laser have scarcely been studied directly in experiments. Here we use few-cycle shadowgraphy in conjunction with interferometry to quantify plasma waves excited by the laser within the density range of GeV-scale accelerators, i.e., a few 10^{18}cm^{-3}. While analytical models suggest a clear dependency between the nonlinear plasma wavelength and the peak potential a_{0}, our study shows that the analytical models are only accurate for driver strength a_{0}≲1. Experimental data and systematic particle-in-cell simulations reveal that nonlinear lengthening of the plasma wave train depends not solely on the laser peak intensity but also on the waist of the focal spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ding
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Döpp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Gilljohann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Götzfried
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Wildgruber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Cheung
- John Adams Institute & Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S M Hooker
- John Adams Institute & Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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28
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Fourmaux S, Hallin E, Chaulagain U, Weber S, Kieffer JC. Laser-based synchrotron X-ray radiation experimental scaling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:3147-3158. [PMID: 32121988 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We review the results obtained in several experimental campaigns with the INRS high-power laser system and determine the X-ray emission scaling from synchrotron radiation produced during laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) of electrons. The physical processes affecting the generation of intense and stable X-ray beams during the propagation phase of the high-intensity ultrashort pulse in the gas jet target are discussed. We successfully produced stable propagation in the gas jet target of a relativistic laser pulse through self-guiding on length larger than the dephasing and depletion lengths, generating very intense beams of hard X-rays with up to 200 TW on target. The experimental scaling law obtained for the photon yield in the 10-40 keV range is presented and the level of X-ray emission at the 1 PW laser peak power level, now available at several laser facilities, is estimated.
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29
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Kettle B, Gerstmayr E, Streeter MJV, Albert F, Baggott RA, Bourgeois N, Cole JM, Dann S, Falk K, Gallardo González I, Hussein AE, Lemos N, Lopes NC, Lundh O, Ma Y, Rose SJ, Spindloe C, Symes DR, Šmíd M, Thomas AGR, Watt R, Mangles SPD. Single-Shot Multi-keV X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Using an Ultrashort Laser-Wakefield Accelerator Source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:254801. [PMID: 31922780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.254801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot absorption measurements have been performed using the multi-keV x rays generated by a laser-wakefield accelerator. A 200 TW laser was used to drive a laser-wakefield accelerator in a mode which produced broadband electron beams with a maximum energy above 1 GeV and a broad divergence of ≈15 mrad FWHM. Betatron oscillations of these electrons generated 1.2±0.2×10^{6} photons/eV in the 5 keV region, with a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 300∶1. This was sufficient to allow high-resolution x-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements at the K edge of a titanium sample in a single shot. We demonstrate that this source is capable of single-shot, simultaneous measurements of both the electron and ion distributions in matter heated to eV temperatures by comparison with density functional theory simulations. The unique combination of a high-flux, large bandwidth, few femtosecond duration x-ray pulse synchronized to a high-power laser will enable key advances in the study of ultrafast energetic processes such as electron-ion equilibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kettle
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - E Gerstmayr
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M J V Streeter
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R A Baggott
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N Bourgeois
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Dann
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - K Falk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - A E Hussein
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N C Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, U.L., Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - O Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Ma
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - S J Rose
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Spindloe
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Šmíd
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A G R Thomas
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
| | - R Watt
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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30
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Li S, Li G, Ain Q, Hur MS, Ting AC, Kulagin VV, Kamperidis C, Hafz NAM. A laser-plasma accelerator driven by two-color relativistic femtosecond laser pulses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav7940. [PMID: 31803828 PMCID: PMC6874490 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A typical laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) is driven by a single, ultrarelativistic laser pulse from terawatt- or petawatt-class lasers. Recently, there has been some theoretical work on the use of copropagating two-color laser pulses (CTLP) for LPA research. Here, we demonstrate the first LPA driven by CTLP where we observed substantial electron energy enhancements. Those results have been further confirmed in a practical application, where the electrons are used in a bremsstrahlung-based positron generation configuration, which led to a considerable boost in the positron energy as well. Numerical simulations suggest that the trailing second harmonic relativistic laser pulse is capable of sustaining the acceleration structure for much longer distances after the preceding fundamental pulse is depleted in the plasma. Therefore, our work confirms the merits of driving LPAs by two-color pulses and paves the way toward a downsizing of LPAs, making their potential applications in science and technology extremely attractive and affordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Guangyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Quratul Ain
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Sup Hur
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Antonio C. Ting
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Victor V. Kulagin
- Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | | | - Nasr A. M. Hafz
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
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31
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Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Amorim LD, Adli E, An W, Clarke CI, Clayton CE, Corde S, Gessner S, Green SZ, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Kononenko O, Lindstrøm CA, Litos M, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, San Miguel Claveria P, O'Shea B, Raj G, Storey D, White G, Xu X, Yakimenko V. Producing multi-coloured bunches through beam-induced ionization injection in plasma wakefield accelerator. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180184. [PMID: 31230576 PMCID: PMC6602915 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the properties of electron beams formed in plasma wakefield accelerators through ionization injection. In particular, the potential for generating a beam composed of co-located multi-colour beamlets is demonstrated in the case where the ionization is initiated by the evolving charge field of the drive beam itself. The physics of the processes of ionization and injection are explored through OSIRIS simulations. Experimental evidence showing similar features are presented from the data obtained in the E217 experiment at the FACET facility of the SLAC National Laboratory. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. D. Amorim
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - E. Adli
- University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - W. An
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - C. I. Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C. E. Clayton
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S. Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | | | - S. Z. Green
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M. J. Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C. Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - O. Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | | | - M. Litos
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - W. Lu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - K. A. Marsh
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - W. B. Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - P. San Miguel Claveria
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | - B. O'Shea
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G. Raj
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | - D. Storey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G. White
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xinlu Xu
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - V. Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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32
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Radiation emission in laser-wakefields driven by structured laser pulses with orbital angular momentum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9840. [PMID: 31285467 PMCID: PMC6614472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity X-ray sources are invaluable tools, enabling experiments at the forefront of our understanding of materials science, chemistry, biology, and physics. Laser-plasma electron accelerators are sources of high-intensity X-rays, as electrons accelerated in wakefields emit short-wavelength radiation due to betatron oscillations. While applications such as phasecontrast imaging with these betatron sources have already been demonstrated, others would require higher photon number and would benefit from increased tunability. In this paper we demonstrate, through detailed 3D simulations, a novel configuration for a laser-wakefield betatron source that increases the energy of the X-ray emission and also provides increased flexibility in the tuning of the X-ray photon energy. This is made by combining two Laguerre-Gaussian pulses with non-zero net orbital angular momentum, leading to a rotation of the intensity pattern, and hence, of the driven wakefields. The helical motion driven by the laser rotation is found to dominate the radiation emission, rather than the betatron oscillations. Moreover, the radius of this helical motion can be controlled through the laser spot size and orbital angular momentum indexes, meaning that the radiation can be tuned fully independently of the plasma parameters.
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33
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High-resolution phase-contrast imaging of biological specimens using a stable betatron X-ray source in the multiple-exposure mode. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7796. [PMID: 31127147 PMCID: PMC6534593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-contrast imaging using X-ray sources with high spatial coherence is an emerging tool in biology and material science. Much of this research is being done using large synchrotron facilities or relatively low-flux microfocus X-ray tubes. An alternative high-flux, ultra-short and high-spatial-coherence table-top X-ray source based on betatron motions of electrons in laser wakefield accelerators has the promise to produce high quality images. In previous phase-contrast imaging studies with betatron sources, single-exposure images with a spatial resolution of 6-70 μm were reported by using large-scale laser systems (60-200 TW). Furthermore, images obtained with multiple exposures tended to have a reduced contrast and resolution due to the shot-to-shot fluctuations. In this article, we demonstrate that a highly stable multiple-exposure betatron source, with an effective average source size of 5 μm, photon number and pointing jitters of <5% and spectral fluctuation of <10%, can be obtained by utilizing ionization injection in pure nitrogen plasma using a 30-40 TW laser. Using this source, high quality phase-contrast images of biological specimens with a 5-μm resolution are obtained for the first time. This work shows a way for the application of high resolution phase-contrast imaging with stable betatron sources using modest power, high repetition-rate lasers.
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34
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Li J, Arefiev AV, Bulanov SS, Kawahito D, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Petrov GM, McGuffey C, Beg FN. Ionization injection of highly-charged copper ions for laser driven acceleration from ultra-thin foils. Sci Rep 2019; 9:666. [PMID: 30679670 PMCID: PMC6345865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven ion acceleration is often analyzed assuming that ionization reaches a steady state early in the interaction of the laser pulse with the target. This assumption breaks down for materials of high atomic number for which the ionization occurs concurrently with the acceleration process. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we have examined acceleration and simultaneous field ionization of copper ions in ultra-thin targets (20-150 nm thick) irradiated by a laser pulse with intensity 1 × 1021 W/cm2. At this intensity, the laser pulse drives strong electric fields at the rear side of the target that can ionize Cu to charge states with valence L-shell or full K-shell. The highly-charged ions are produced only in a very localized region due to a significant gap between the M- and L-shells' ionization potentials and can be accelerated by strong, forward-directed sections of the field. Such an "ionization injection" leads to well-pronounced bunches of energetic, highly-charged ions. We also find that for the thinnest target (20 nm) a push by the laser further increases the ion energy gain. Thus, the field ionization, concurrent with the acceleration, offers a promising mechanism for the production of energetic, high-charge ion bunches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alexey V Arefiev
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Daiki Kawahito
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - George M Petrov
- Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Christopher McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Farhat N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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35
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Svendsen K, González IG, Hansson M, Svensson JB, Ekerfelt H, Persson A, Lundh O. Optimization of soft X-ray phase-contrast tomography using a laser wakefield accelerator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:33930-33941. [PMID: 30650824 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray phase-contrast imaging allows for non-invasive analysis in low-absorbing materials, such as soft tissue. Its application in medical or materials science has yet to be realized on a wider scale due to the requirements on the X-ray source, demanding high flux and small source size. Laser wakefield accelerators generate betatron X-rays fulfilling these criteria and can be suitable sources for phase-contrast imaging. In this work, we present the first phase-contrast images obtained by using ionization injection-based laser wakefield acceleration, which results in a higher photon yield and smoother X-ray beam profile compared to self-injection. A peak photon yield of 1.9 × 1011 ph/sr and a source size of 3 μm were estimated. Furthermore, the current laser parameters produce an X-ray spectrum mainly in the soft X-ray range, in which laser-plasma based phase-contrast imaging had yet to be studied. The phase-contrast images of a Chrysopa lacewing resolve features on the order of 4 μm. These images are further used for a tomographic reconstruction and a volume rendering, showing details on the order of tens of μm.
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36
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Wu YC, Zhu B, Li G, Zhang XH, Yu MH, Dong KG, Zhang TK, Yang Y, Bi B, Yang J, Yan YH, Tan F, Fan W, Lu F, Wang SY, Zhao ZQ, Zhou WM, Cao LF, Gu YQ. Towards high-energy, high-resolution computed tomography via a laser driven micro-spot gamma-ray source. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15888. [PMID: 30367090 PMCID: PMC6203838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Computed Tomography (CT) is a powerful method for non-destructive testing (NDT) and metrology awakes with expanding application fields. To improve the spatial resolution of high energy CT, a micro-spot gamma-ray source based on bremsstrahlung from a laser wakefield accelerator was developed. A high energy CT using the source was performed, which shows that the resolution of reconstruction can reach 100 μm at 10% contrast. Our proof-of-principle demonstration indicates that laser driven micro-spot gamma-ray sources provide a prospective way to increase the spatial resolution and toward to high energy micro CT. Due to the advantage in spatial resolution, laser based high energy CT represents a large potential for many NDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Wu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - B Zhu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - G Li
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China.,Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - M H Yu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - K G Dong
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - T K Zhang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - Y Yang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - B Bi
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - J Yang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - Y H Yan
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - F Tan
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - W Fan
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - F Lu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - S Y Wang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - Z Q Zhao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - W M Zhou
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - L F Cao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Y Q Gu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China. .,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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37
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Kuschel S, Schwab MB, Yeung M, Hollatz D, Seidel A, Ziegler W, Sävert A, Kaluza MC, Zepf M. Controlling the Self-Injection Threshold in Laser Wakefield Accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:154801. [PMID: 30362794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.154801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the parameters of a laser plasma accelerated electron beam is a topic of intense research with a particular focus placed on controlling the injection phase of electrons into the accelerating structure from the background plasma. An essential prerequisite for high-quality beams is dark-current free acceleration (i.e., no electrons accelerated beyond those deliberately injected). We show that small-scale density ripples in the background plasma are sufficient to cause the uncontrolled (self-)injection of electrons. Such ripples can be as short as ∼50 μm and can therefore not be resolved by standard interferometry. Background free injection with substantially improved beam characteristics (divergence and pointing) is demonstrated in a gas cell designed for a controlled gas flow. The results are supported by an analytical theory as well as 3D particle in cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuschel
- Helmholtz Insitute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M B Schwab
- Helmholtz Insitute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Yeung
- Helmholtz Insitute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Hollatz
- Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A Seidel
- Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - W Ziegler
- Helmholtz Insitute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A Sävert
- Helmholtz Insitute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M C Kaluza
- Helmholtz Insitute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Zepf
- Helmholtz Insitute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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38
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Golovin G, Yan W, Luo J, Fruhling C, Haden D, Zhao B, Liu C, Chen M, Chen S, Zhang P, Banerjee S, Umstadter D. Electron Trapping from Interactions between Laser-Driven Relativistic Plasma Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:104801. [PMID: 30240250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of large-amplitude relativistic plasma waves were investigated experimentally by propagating two synchronized ultraintense femtosecond laser pulses in plasma at oblique crossing angles to each other. The electrostatic and electromagnetic fields of the colliding waves acted to preaccelerate and trap electrons via previously predicted, but untested injection mechanisms of ponderomotive drift and wake-wake interference. High-quality energetic electron beams were produced, also revealing valuable new information about plasma-wave dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Golovin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Wenchao Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Colton Fruhling
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Dan Haden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Baozhen Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shouyuan Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Sudeep Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Donald Umstadter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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39
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Streeter MJV, Kneip S, Bloom MS, Bendoyro RA, Chekhlov O, Dangor AE, Döpp A, Hooker CJ, Holloway J, Jiang J, Lopes NC, Nakamura H, Norreys PA, Palmer CAJ, Rajeev PP, Schreiber J, Symes DR, Wing M, Mangles SPD, Najmudin Z. Observation of Laser Power Amplification in a Self-Injecting Laser Wakefield Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:254801. [PMID: 29979081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.254801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the depletion and power amplification of the driving laser pulse in a strongly driven laser wakefield accelerator. Simultaneous measurement of the transmitted pulse energy and temporal shape indicate an increase in peak power from 187±11 TW to a maximum of 318±12 TW after 13 mm of propagation in a plasma density of 0.9×10^{18} cm^{-3}. The power amplification is correlated with the injection and acceleration of electrons in the nonlinear wakefield. This process is modeled by including a localized redshift and subsequent group delay dispersion at the laser pulse front.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J V Streeter
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Kneip
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M S Bloom
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R A Bendoyro
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - O Chekhlov
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A E Dangor
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Döpp
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C J Hooker
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Holloway
- High Energy Physics Group, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Jiang
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - N C Lopes
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - H Nakamura
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P A Norreys
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C A J Palmer
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - P P Rajeev
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Schreiber
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Wing
- High Energy Physics Group, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S P D Mangles
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Najmudin
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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40
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Control of laser plasma accelerated electrons for light sources. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1334. [PMID: 29626187 PMCID: PMC5889396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With gigaelectron-volts per centimetre energy gains and femtosecond electron beams, laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is a promising candidate for applications, such as ultrafast electron diffraction, multistaged colliders and radiation sources (betatron, compton, undulator, free electron laser). However, for some of these applications, the beam performance, for example, energy spread, divergence and shot-to-shot fluctuations, need a drastic improvement. Here, we show that, using a dedicated transport line, we can mitigate these initial weaknesses. We demonstrate that we can manipulate the beam longitudinal and transverse phase-space of the presently available LWFA beams. Indeed, we separately correct orbit mis-steerings and minimise dispersion thanks to specially designed variable strength quadrupoles, and select the useful energy range passing through a slit in a magnetic chicane. Therefore, this matched electron beam leads to the successful observation of undulator synchrotron radiation after an 8 m transport path. These results pave the way to applications demanding in terms of beam quality. Electron beam quality in accelerators is crucial for light source application. Here the authors demonstrate beam conditioning of laser plasma electrons thanks to a specific transport line enabling the control of divergence, energy, steering and dispersion and the application to observe undulator radiation.
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41
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Döpp A, Mahieu B, Lifschitz A, Thaury C, Doche A, Guillaume E, Grittani G, Lundh O, Hansson M, Gautier J, Kozlova M, Goddet JP, Rousseau P, Tafzi A, Malka V, Rousse A, Corde S, Ta Phuoc K. Stable femtosecond X-rays with tunable polarization from a laser-driven accelerator. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17086. [PMID: 30167214 PMCID: PMC6062047 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Technology based on high-peak-power lasers has the potential to provide compact and intense radiation sources for a wide range of innovative applications. In particular, electrons that are accelerated in the wakefield of an intense laser pulse oscillate around the propagation axis and emit X-rays. This betatron source, which essentially reproduces the principle of a synchrotron at the millimeter scale, provides bright radiation with femtosecond duration and high spatial coherence. However, despite its unique features, the usability of the betatron source has been constrained by its poor control and stability. In this article, we demonstrate the reliable production of X-ray beams with tunable polarization. Using ionization-induced injection in a gas mixture, the orbits of the relativistic electrons emitting the radiation are reproducible and controlled. We observe that both the signal and beam profile fluctuations are significantly reduced and that the beam pointing varies by less than a tenth of the beam divergence. The polarization ratio reaches 80%, and the polarization axis can easily be rotated. We anticipate a broad impact of the source, as its unprecedented performance opens the way for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Döpp
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
- Present address: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Am Coulombwall 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Benoit Mahieu
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Agustin Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cedric Thaury
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antoine Doche
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Emilien Guillaume
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gabriele Grittani
- ELI Beamlines Project, Institute of Physics of the ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Olle Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Hansson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Julien Gautier
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Michaela Kozlova
- ELI Beamlines Project, Institute of Physics of the ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jean Philippe Goddet
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pascal Rousseau
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Amar Tafzi
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Victor Malka
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Antoine Rousse
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sebastien Corde
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Kim Ta Phuoc
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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42
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Barber SK, van Tilborg J, Schroeder CB, Lehe R, Tsai HE, Swanson KK, Steinke S, Nakamura K, Geddes CGR, Benedetti C, Esarey E, Leemans WP. Measured Emittance Dependence on the Injection Method in Laser Plasma Accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:104801. [PMID: 28949165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot, charge-dependent emittance measurements of electron beams generated by a laser plasma accelerator (LPA) reveal that shock-induced density down-ramp injection produces beams with normalized emittances a factor of 2 smaller than beams produced via ionization injection. Such a comparison is made possible by the tunable LPA setup, which allows electron beams with nearly identical central energy and peak spectral charge density to be produced using the two distinct injection mechanisms. Parametric measurements of this type are essential for the development of LPA-based applications which ultimately require high charge density and low emittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Barber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J van Tilborg
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C B Schroeder
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Lehe
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H-E Tsai
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K K Swanson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Steinke
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Nakamura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C G R Geddes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Benedetti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Esarey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W P Leemans
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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43
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Couperus JP, Pausch R, Köhler A, Zarini O, Krämer JM, Garten M, Huebl A, Gebhardt R, Helbig U, Bock S, Zeil K, Debus A, Bussmann M, Schramm U, Irman A. Demonstration of a beam loaded nanocoulomb-class laser wakefield accelerator. Nat Commun 2017; 8:487. [PMID: 28887456 PMCID: PMC5591198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-plasma wakefield accelerators have seen tremendous progress, now capable of producing quasi-monoenergetic electron beams in the GeV energy range with few-femtoseconds bunch duration. Scaling these accelerators to the nanocoulomb range would yield hundreds of kiloamperes peak current and stimulate the next generation of radiation sources covering high-field THz, high-brightness X-ray and γ-ray sources, compact free-electron lasers and laboratory-size beam-driven plasma accelerators. However, accelerators generating such currents operate in the beam loading regime where the accelerating field is strongly modified by the self-fields of the injected bunch, potentially deteriorating key beam parameters. Here we demonstrate that, if appropriately controlled, the beam loading effect can be employed to improve the accelerator's performance. Self-truncated ionization injection enables loading of unprecedented charges of ∼0.5 nC within a mono-energetic peak. As the energy balance is reached, we show that the accelerator operates at the theoretically predicted optimal loading condition and the final energy spread is minimized.Higher beam quality and stability are desired in laser-plasma accelerators for their applications in compact light sources. Here the authors demonstrate in laser plasma wakefield electron acceleration that the beam loading effect can be employed to improve beam quality by controlling the beam charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Couperus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - R Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Köhler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - O Zarini
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - J M Krämer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Gebhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Helbig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
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44
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Kim HT, Pathak VB, Hong Pae K, Lifschitz A, Sylla F, Shin JH, Hojbota C, Lee SK, Sung JH, Lee HW, Guillaume E, Thaury C, Nakajima K, Vieira J, Silva LO, Malka V, Nam CH. Stable multi-GeV electron accelerator driven by waveform-controlled PW laser pulses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10203. [PMID: 28860579 PMCID: PMC5579019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The achievable energy and the stability of accelerated electron beams have been the most critical issues in laser wakefield acceleration. As laser propagation, plasma wave formation and electron acceleration are highly nonlinear processes, the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is extremely sensitive to initial experimental conditions. We propose a simple and elegant waveform control method for the LWFA process to enhance the performance of a laser electron accelerator by applying a fully optical and programmable technique to control the chirp of PW laser pulses. We found sensitive dependence of energy and stability of electron beams on the spectral phase of laser pulses and obtained stable 2-GeV electron beams from a 1-cm gas cell of helium. The waveform control technique for LWFA would prompt practical applications of centimeter-scale GeV-electron accelerators to a compact radiation sources in the x-ray and γ-ray regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - V B Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Ki Hong Pae
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - F Sylla
- SourceLAB SAS, 86 rue de Paris, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jung Hun Shin
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - C Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Departement of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hwang Woon Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - E Guillaume
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - C Thaury
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kazuhisa Nakajima
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France. .,Weizmann Institue for Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Departement of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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45
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Tooley MP, Ersfeld B, Yoffe SR, Noble A, Brunetti E, Sheng ZM, Islam MR, Jaroszynski DA. Towards Attosecond High-Energy Electron Bunches: Controlling Self-Injection in Laser-Wakefield Accelerators Through Plasma-Density Modulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:044801. [PMID: 29341749 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.044801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-injection in a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator is usually achieved by increasing the laser intensity until the threshold for injection is exceeded. Alternatively, the velocity of the bubble accelerating structure can be controlled using plasma density ramps, reducing the electron velocity required for injection. We present a model describing self-injection in the short-bunch regime for arbitrary changes in the plasma density. We derive the threshold condition for injection due to a plasma density gradient, which is confirmed using particle-in-cell simulations that demonstrate injection of subfemtosecond bunches. It is shown that the bunch charge, bunch length, and separation of bunches in a bunch train can be controlled by tailoring the plasma density profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Tooley
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B Ersfeld
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - S R Yoffe
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - A Noble
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - E Brunetti
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Z M Sheng
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - M R Islam
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - D A Jaroszynski
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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46
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Yang X, Brunetti E, Gil DR, Welsh GH, Li FY, Cipiccia S, Ersfeld B, Grant DW, Grant PA, Islam MR, Tooley MP, Vieux G, Wiggins SM, Sheng ZM, Jaroszynski DA. Three electron beams from a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator and the energy apportioning question. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43910. [PMID: 28281679 PMCID: PMC5345066 DOI: 10.1038/srep43910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-wakefield accelerators are compact devices capable of delivering ultra-short electron bunches with pC-level charge and MeV-GeV energy by exploiting the ultra-high electric fields arising from the interaction of intense laser pulses with plasma. We show experimentally and through numerical simulations that a high-energy electron beam is produced simultaneously with two stable lower-energy beams that are ejected in oblique and counter-propagating directions, typically carrying off 5–10% of the initial laser energy. A MeV, 10s nC oblique beam is ejected in a 30°–60° hollow cone, which is filled with more energetic electrons determined by the injection dynamics. A nC-level, 100s keV backward-directed beam is mainly produced at the leading edge of the plasma column. We discuss the apportioning of absorbed laser energy amongst the three beams. Knowledge of the distribution of laser energy and electron beam charge, which determine the overall efficiency, is important for various applications of laser-wakefield accelerators, including the development of staged high-energy accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - E Brunetti
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - D Reboredo Gil
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - G H Welsh
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - F Y Li
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - S Cipiccia
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - B Ersfeld
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - D W Grant
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - P A Grant
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - M R Islam
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - M P Tooley
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - G Vieux
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.,Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S M Wiggins
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Z M Sheng
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.,Laboratory of Laser Plasmas and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - D A Jaroszynski
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
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47
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Shaw JL, Lemos N, Amorim LD, Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Marsh KA, Tsung FS, Mori WB, Joshi C. Role of Direct Laser Acceleration of Electrons in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator with Ionization Injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:064801. [PMID: 28234524 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.064801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show the first experimental demonstration that electrons being accelerated in a laser wakefield accelerator operating in the forced or blowout regimes gain significant energy from both the direct laser acceleration (DLA) and the laser wakefield acceleration mechanisms. Supporting full-scale 3D particle-in-cell simulations elucidate the role of the DLA of electrons in a laser wakefield accelerator when ionization injection of electrons is employed. An explanation is given for how electrons can maintain the DLA resonance condition in a laser wakefield accelerator despite the evolving properties of both the drive laser and the electrons. The produced electron beams exhibit characteristic features that are indicative of DLA as an additional acceleration mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Shaw
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - N Lemos
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - L D Amorim
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N Vafaei-Najafabadi
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K A Marsh
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F S Tsung
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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48
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Zhao TZ, Behm K, Dong CF, Davoine X, Kalmykov SY, Petrov V, Chvykov V, Cummings P, Hou B, Maksimchuk A, Nees JA, Yanovsky V, Thomas AGR, Krushelnick K. High-Flux Femtosecond X-Ray Emission from Controlled Generation of Annular Electron Beams in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:094801. [PMID: 27610860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Annular quasimonoenergetic electron beams with a mean energy in the range 200-400 MeV and charge on the order of several picocoulombs were generated in a laser wakefield accelerator and subsequently accelerated using a plasma afterburner in a two-stage gas cell. Generation of these beams is associated with injection occurring on the density down ramp between the stages. This well-localized injection produces a bunch of electrons performing coherent betatron oscillations in the wakefield, resulting in a significant increase in the x-ray yield. Annular electron distributions are detected in 40% of shots under optimal conditions. Simultaneous control of the pulse duration and frequency chirp enables optimization of both the energy and the energy spread of the annular beam and boosts the radiant energy per unit charge by almost an order of magnitude. These well-defined annular distributions of electrons are a promising source of high-brightness laser plasma-based x rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Z Zhao
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K Behm
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C F Dong
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - X Davoine
- CEA DAM DIF, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S Y Kalmykov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, USA
| | - V Petrov
- Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - V Chvykov
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P Cummings
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - B Hou
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Maksimchuk
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J A Nees
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - V Yanovsky
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A G R Thomas
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K Krushelnick
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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49
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Kahaly S, Sylla F, Lifschitz A, Flacco A, Veltcheva M, Malka V. Detailed Experimental Study of Ion Acceleration by Interaction of an Ultra-Short Intense Laser with an Underdense Plasma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31647. [PMID: 27531755 PMCID: PMC4987697 DOI: 10.1038/srep31647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion acceleration from intense (Iλ2 > 1018 Wcm−2 μm2) laser-plasma interaction is experimentally studied within a wide range of He gas densities. Focusing an ultrashort pulse (duration ion plasma period) on a newly designed submillimetric gas jet system, enabled us to inhibit total evacuation of electrons from the central propagation channel reducing the radial ion acceleration associated with ponderomotive Coulomb explosion, a mechanism predominant in the long pulse scenario. New ion acceleration mechanism have been unveiled in this regime leading to non-Maxwellian quasi monoenergetic features in the ion energy spectra. The emitted nonthermal ion bunches show a new scaling of the ion peak energy with plasma density. The scaling identified in this new regime differs from previously reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kahaly
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Nkft, Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - F Sylla
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France.,SourceLAB SAS, 86 rue de Paris, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Flacco
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Veltcheva
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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50
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Xu XL, Pai CH, Zhang CJ, Li F, Wan Y, Wu YP, Hua JF, Lu W, An W, Yu P, Joshi C, Mori WB. Nanoscale Electron Bunching in Laser-Triggered Ionization Injection in Plasma Accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:034801. [PMID: 27472116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionization injection is attractive as a controllable injection scheme for generating high quality electron beams using plasma-based wakefield acceleration. Because of the phase-dependent tunneling ionization rate and the trapping dynamics within a nonlinear wake, the discrete injection of electrons within the wake is nonlinearly mapped to a discrete final phase space structure of the beam at the location where the electrons are trapped. This phenomenon is theoretically analyzed and examined by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations which show that three-dimensional effects limit the wave number of the modulation to between >2k_{0} and about 5k_{0}, where k_{0} is the wave number of the injection laser. Such a nanoscale bunched beam can be diagnosed by and used to generate coherent transition radiation and may find use in generating high-power ultraviolet radiation upon passage through a resonant undulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C-H Pai
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C J Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Wan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Wu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J F Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - W An
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Yu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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