1
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Jiang MH, Xue W, He Q, An YY, Zheng X, Xu WJ, Xie YB, Lu Y, Zhu S, Ma XS. Quantum storage of entangled photons at telecom wavelengths in a crystal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6995. [PMID: 37914741 PMCID: PMC10620411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum storage and distribution of entanglement are the key ingredients for realizing a global quantum internet. Compatible with existing fiber networks, telecom-wavelength entangled photons and corresponding quantum memories are of central interest. Recently, 167Er3+ ions have been identified as a promising candidate for an efficient telecom quantum memory. However, to date, no storage of entangled photons, the crucial step of quantum memory using these promising ions, 167Er3+, has been reported. Here, we demonstrate the storage and retrieval of the entangled state of two telecom photons generated from an integrated photonic chip. Combining the natural narrow linewidth of the entangled photons and long storage time of 167Er3+ ions, we achieve storage time of 1.936 μs, more than 387 times longer than in previous works. Successful storage of entanglement in the crystal is certified using entanglement witness measurements. These results pave the way for realizing quantum networks based on solid-state devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian He
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Yang An
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Bo Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Song Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, 230088, Hefei, China.
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2
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Liu H, Wang M, Jiao H, Lu J, Fan W, Li S, Wang H. Cavity-enhanced and temporally multiplexed atom-photon entanglement interface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7200-7211. [PMID: 36859856 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Practical realization of quantum repeaters requires quantum memories with high retrieval efficiency, multi-mode storage capacities, and long lifetimes. Here, we report a high-retrieval-efficiency and temporally multiplexed atom-photon entanglement source. A train of 12 write pulses in time is applied to a cold atomic ensemble along different directions, which generates temporally multiplexed pairs of Stokes photons and spin waves via Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller processes. The two arms of a polarization interferometer are used to encode photonic qubits of 12 Stokes temporal modes. The multiplexed spin-wave qubits, each of which is entangled with one Stokes qubit, are stored in a "clock" coherence. A ring cavity that resonates simultaneously with the two arms of the interferometer is used to enhance retrieval from the spin-wave qubits, with the intrinsic retrieval efficiency reaching 70.4%. The multiplexed source gives rise to a ∼12.1-fold increase in atom-photon entanglement-generation probability compared to the single-mode source. The measured Bell parameter for the multiplexed atom-photon entanglement is 2.21(2), along with a memory lifetime of up to ∼125 µs.
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3
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van Leent T, Bock M, Fertig F, Garthoff R, Eppelt S, Zhou Y, Malik P, Seubert M, Bauer T, Rosenfeld W, Zhang W, Becher C, Weinfurter H. Entangling single atoms over 33 km telecom fibre. Nature 2022; 607:69-73. [PMID: 35794269 PMCID: PMC9259499 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quantum networks promise to provide the infrastructure for many disruptive applications, such as efficient long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computing1,2. Central to these networks is the ability to distribute entanglement between distant nodes using photonic channels. Initially developed for quantum teleportation3,4 and loophole-free tests of Bell's inequality5,6, recently, entanglement distribution has also been achieved over telecom fibres and analysed retrospectively7,8. Yet, to fully use entanglement over long-distance quantum network links it is mandatory to know it is available at the nodes before the entangled state decays. Here we demonstrate heralded entanglement between two independently trapped single rubidium atoms generated over fibre links with a length up to 33 km. For this, we generate atom-photon entanglement in two nodes located in buildings 400 m line-of-sight apart and to overcome high-attenuation losses in the fibres convert the photons to telecom wavelength using polarization-preserving quantum frequency conversion9. The long fibres guide the photons to a Bell-state measurement setup in which a successful photonic projection measurement heralds the entanglement of the atoms10. Our results show the feasibility of entanglement distribution over telecom fibre links useful, for example, for device-independent quantum key distribution11-13 and quantum repeater protocols. The presented work represents an important step towards the realization of large-scale quantum network links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim van Leent
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Bock
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Fertig
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Garthoff
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eppelt
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Yiru Zhou
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Pooja Malik
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Seubert
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Bauer
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Wenjamin Rosenfeld
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany.
- School of Physics, Xi'An Jiao Tong University, Xi'An, ShannXi, China.
| | - Christoph Becher
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Harald Weinfurter
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany.
- Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany.
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4
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Mei Y, Li Y, Nguyen H, Berman PR, Kuzmich A. Trapped Alkali-Metal Rydberg Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:123601. [PMID: 35394296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rydberg interactions of trapped alkali-metal atoms are used widely to facilitate quantum gate operations in quantum processors and repeaters. In most laboratory realizations using this protocol, the Rydberg states are repelled by the trapping laser fields, requiring that the fields be turned off during gate operations. Here we create a quasi-two-level system in a regime of Rydberg excitation blockade for a mesoscopic Rb ensemble of several hundred atoms confined in a magic-wavelength optical lattice. We observe many-body Rabi oscillations between the ground and collective Rydberg state. In addition we use Ramsey interference techniques to obtain the light shifts of both the lower and upper states of the collective qubit. Whereas the coupling producing the Rabi oscillations is enhanced by a factor of sqrt[N], there is no corresponding enhancement for the light shifts. We derive an effective two-level model which is in good agreement with our observations. Trapped Rydberg qubits and an effective two-level description are expected to have broad applicability for studies of quantum simulation and networking using collective encoding in ensembles of neutral atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mei
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - H Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P R Berman
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Kuzmich
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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5
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Sun PF, Yu Y, An ZY, Li J, Yang CW, Bao XH, Pan JW. Deterministic Time-Bin Entanglement between a Single Photon and an Atomic Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:060502. [PMID: 35213187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid matter-photon entanglement is the building block for quantum networks. It is very favorable if the entanglement can be prepared with a high probability. In this Letter, we report the deterministic creation of entanglement between an atomic ensemble and a single photon by harnessing the Rydberg blockade. We design a scheme that creates entanglement between a single photon's temporal modes and the Rydberg levels that host a collective excitation, using a process of cyclical retrieving and patching. The hybrid entanglement is tested via retrieving the atomic excitation as a second photon and performing correlation measurements, which suggest an entanglement fidelity of 87.8%. Our source of matter-photon entanglement will enable the entangling of remote quantum memories with much higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zi-Ye An
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao-Wei Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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6
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Li Y, Wen Y, Wang S, Liu C, Liu H, Wang M, Sun C, Gao Y, Li S, Wang H. Generation of entanglement between a highly wave-packet-tunable photon and a spin-wave memory in cold atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:2792-2802. [PMID: 35209412 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controls of waveforms (pulse durations) of single photons are important tasks for effectively interconnecting disparate atomic memories in hybrid quantum networks. So far, the waveform control of a single photon that is entangled with an atomic memory remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrated control of waveform length of the photon that is entangled with an atomic spin-wave memory by varying light-atom interaction time in cold atoms. The Bell parameter S as a function of the duration of photon pulse is measured, which shows that violations of Bell inequality can be achieved for the photon pulse in the duration range from 40 ns to 50 µs, where, S = 2.64 ± 0.02 and S = 2.26 ± 0.05 for the 40-ns and 50-µs durations, respectively. The measured results show that S parameter decreases with the increase in the pulse duration. We confirm that the increase in photon noise probability per pulse with the pulse-duration is responsible for the S decrease.
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7
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Wang XJ, Yang SJ, Sun PF, Jing B, Li J, Zhou MT, Bao XH, Pan JW. Cavity-Enhanced Atom-Photon Entanglement with Subsecond Lifetime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:090501. [PMID: 33750156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A cold atomic ensemble suits well for optical quantum memories, and its entanglement with a single photon forms the building block for quantum networks that give promise for many revolutionary applications. Efficiency and lifetime are among the most important figures of merit for a memory. In this Letter, we report the realization of entanglement between an atomic ensemble and a single photon with subsecond lifetime and high efficiency. We engineer dual control modes in a ring cavity to create entanglement and make use of three-dimensional optical lattice to prolong memory lifetime. The memory efficiency is 38% for 0.1 s storage. We verify the atom-photon entanglement after 1 s storage by testing the Bell inequality with a result of S=2.36±0.14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming-Ti Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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8
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Wright TA, Parry C, Gibson OR, Francis-Jones RJA, Mosley PJ. Resource-efficient frequency conversion for quantum networks via sequential four-wave mixing. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4587-4590. [PMID: 32797016 DOI: 10.1364/ol.398408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a resource-efficient scheme in which a single pump laser was used to achieve frequency conversion by Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber. We demonstrate bidirectional conversion of coherent light between Sr+2P1/2→2D3/2 emission wavelength at 1092 nm and the telecommunication C band with conversion efficiencies of 4.2% and 37% for up- and down-conversion, respectively. We discuss how the scheme may be viably scaled to meet the temporal, spectral, and polarization stability requirements of a hybrid light-matter quantum network.
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9
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van Leent T, Bock M, Garthoff R, Redeker K, Zhang W, Bauer T, Rosenfeld W, Becher C, Weinfurter H. Long-Distance Distribution of Atom-Photon Entanglement at Telecom Wavelength. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:010510. [PMID: 31976687 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.010510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement between stationary quantum memories and photonic channels is the essential resource for future quantum networks. Together with entanglement distillation, it will enable efficient distribution of quantum states. We report on the generation and observation of entanglement between a ^{87}Rb atom and a photon at telecom wavelength transmitted through up to 20 km of optical fiber. For this purpose, we use polarization-preserving quantum frequency conversion to transform the wavelength of a photon entangled with the atomic spin state from 780 nm to the telecom S band at 1522 nm. We achieve an unprecedented external device conversion efficiency of 57% and observe an entanglement fidelity between the atom and telecom photon of ≥78.5±0.9% after transmission through 20 km of optical fiber, mainly limited by decoherence of the atomic state. This result is an important milestone on the road to distribute quantum information on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim van Leent
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Matthias Bock
- Fachrichtung Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Garthoff
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Kai Redeker
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Tobias Bauer
- Fachrichtung Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Wenjamin Rosenfeld
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Becher
- Fachrichtung Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Harald Weinfurter
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Hua YL, Yang TS, Zhou ZQ, Wang J, Liu X, Li ZF, Li PY, Ma Y, Liu C, Liang PJ, Hu J, Li X, Li CF, Guo GC. Storage of telecom-C-band heralded single photons with orbital-angular-momentum encoding in a crystal. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1577-1583. [PMID: 36659569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A memory-based quantum repeater architecture provides a solution to distribute quantum information to an arbitrary long distance. Practical quantum repeaters are likely to be built in optical-fiber networks which take advantage of the low-loss transmission between quantum memory nodes. Most quantum memory platforms have characteristic atomic transitions away from the telecommunication band. A nondegenerate photon pair source is therefore useful for connection of a quantum memory to optical fibers. Here, we report a high-brightness narrowband photon-pair source which is compatible with a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal Pr3+:Y2SiO5. The photon-pair source is generated through a cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion process with the signal photon at 606 nm and the idler photon at 1540 nm. Moreover, using the telecom C-band idler photons for heralding, we demonstrate the reversible transfer of orbital-angular-momentum qubit between the signal photon and the quantum memory based on Pr3+:Y2SiO5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tian-Shu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zong-Quan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zong-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei-Yun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Peng-Jun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Kaiser F, Vergyris P, Martin A, Aktas D, De Micheli MP, Alibart O, Tanzilli S. Quantum optical frequency up-conversion for polarisation entangled qubits: towards interconnected quantum information devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:25603-25610. [PMID: 31510430 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.025603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Realising a global quantum network requires combining individual strengths of different quantum systems to perform universal tasks, notably using flying and stationary qubits. However, transferring coherently quantum information between different systems is challenging as they usually feature different properties, notably in terms of operation wavelength and wavepacket. To circumvent this problem for quantum photonics systems, we demonstrate a polarisation-preserving quantum frequency conversion device in which telecom wavelength photons are converted to the near infrared, at which a variety of quantum memories operate. Our device is essentially free of noise, which we demonstrate through near perfect single photon state transfer tomography and observation of high-fidelity entanglement after conversion. In addition, our guided-wave setup is robust, compact, and easily adaptable to other wavelengths. This approach therefore represents a major building block towards advantageously connecting quantum information systems based on light and matter.
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12
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Tchebotareva A, Hermans SLN, Humphreys PC, Voigt D, Harmsma PJ, Cheng LK, Verlaan AL, Dijkhuizen N, de Jong W, Dréau A, Hanson R. Entanglement between a Diamond Spin Qubit and a Photonic Time-Bin Qubit at Telecom Wavelength. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:063601. [PMID: 31491180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization and verification of quantum entanglement between a nitrogen-vacancy electron spin qubit and a telecom-band photonic qubit. First we generate entanglement between the spin qubit and a 637 nm photonic time-bin qubit, followed by photonic quantum frequency conversion that transfers the entanglement to a 1588 nm photon. We characterize the resulting state by correlation measurements in different bases and find a lower bound to the Bell state fidelity of ≥0.77±0.03. This result presents an important step towards extending quantum networks via optical fiber infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tchebotareva
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 155, 2600 AD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Sophie L N Hermans
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Peter C Humphreys
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Voigt
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 155, 2600 AD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Harmsma
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 155, 2600 AD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Lun K Cheng
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 155, 2600 AD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Ad L Verlaan
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 155, 2600 AD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Niels Dijkhuizen
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 155, 2600 AD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Wim de Jong
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 155, 2600 AD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Anaïs Dréau
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ronald Hanson
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
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13
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Shi H, Hao Y. Wide-angle optical half-wave plate from the field transformation approach and form-birefringence theory. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20132-20144. [PMID: 30119328 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically design and analyse a wide-angle optical half-wave plate by combining the field transformation (FT) approach with the form-birefringence theory. The FT method is a general approach to manipulate electromagnetic wave propagations from pre-defined boundary conditions and artificial media by design. In theory, the approach is valid for both parallel and perpendicular polarizations. In practice, the resulting medium can be mimicked by a form-birefringent structure which has the same dispersion properties for a wide range of incident angles. A proof concept design for optical half-wave plate is designed for near-infrared operations. The transmittance of proposed device is greater than 0.8 with a polarized state change under 75° oblique incidence.
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14
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Polarization insensitive frequency conversion for an atom-photon entanglement distribution via a telecom network. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1997. [PMID: 29784998 PMCID: PMC5962590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lifetime quantum storages accessible to the telecom photonic infrastructure are essential to long-distance quantum communication. Atomic quantum storages have achieved subsecond storage time corresponding to 1000 km transmission time for a telecom photon through a quantum repeater algorithm. However, the telecom photon cannot be directly interfaced to typical atomic storages. Solid-state quantum frequency conversions fill this wavelength gap. Here we report on the experimental demonstration of a polarization-insensitive solid-state quantum frequency conversion to a telecom photon from a short-wavelength photon entangled with an atomic ensemble. Atom-photon entanglement has been generated with a Rb atomic ensemble and the photon has been translated to telecom range while retaining the entanglement by our nonlinear-crystal-based frequency converter in a Sagnac interferometer.
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15
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High-fidelity entanglement between a trapped ion and a telecom photon via quantum frequency conversion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1998. [PMID: 29784941 PMCID: PMC5962555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Entanglement between a stationary quantum system and a flying qubit is an essential ingredient of a quantum-repeater network. It has been demonstrated for trapped ions, trapped atoms, color centers in diamond, or quantum dots. These systems have transition wavelengths in the blue, red or near-infrared spectral regions, whereas long-range fiber-communication requires wavelengths in the low-loss, low-dispersion telecom regime. A proven tool to interconnect flying qubits at visible/NIR wavelengths to the telecom bands is quantum frequency conversion. Here we use an efficient polarization-preserving frequency converter connecting 854 nm to the telecom O-band at 1310 nm to demonstrate entanglement between a trapped 40Ca+ ion and the polarization state of a telecom photon with a high fidelity of 98.2 ± 0.2%. The unique combination of 99.75 ± 0.18% process fidelity in the polarization-state conversion, 26.5% external frequency conversion efficiency and only 11.4 photons/s conversion-induced unconditional background makes the converter a powerful ion–telecom quantum interface. Entanglement between photons and stationary quantum nodes is a fundamental resource for quantum communication, but typical transition wavelengths are far from the telecom band. Here, the authors deal with the problem using polarisation-independent, entanglement-preserving frequency conversion.
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16
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Walker T, Miyanishi K, Ikuta R, Takahashi H, Vartabi Kashanian S, Tsujimoto Y, Hayasaka K, Yamamoto T, Imoto N, Keller M. Long-Distance Single Photon Transmission from a Trapped Ion via Quantum Frequency Conversion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:203601. [PMID: 29864312 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trapped atomic ions are ideal single photon emitters with long-lived internal states which can be entangled with emitted photons. Coupling the ion to an optical cavity enables the efficient emission of single photons into a single spatial mode and grants control over their temporal shape. These features are key for quantum information processing and quantum communication. However, the photons emitted by these systems are unsuitable for long-distance transmission due to their wavelengths. Here we report the transmission of single photons from a single ^{40}Ca^{+} ion coupled to an optical cavity over a 10 km optical fiber via frequency conversion from 866 nm to the telecom C band at 1530 nm. We observe nonclassical photon statistics of the direct cavity emission, the converted photons, and the 10 km transmitted photons, as well as the preservation of the photons' temporal shape throughout. This telecommunication-ready system can be a key component for long-distance quantum communication as well as future cloud quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Koichiro Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Rikizo Ikuta
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yoshiaki Tsujimoto
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hayasaka
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Imoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Matthias Keller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
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17
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Brown RC, Phillips NB, Beloy K, McGrew WF, Schioppo M, Fasano RJ, Milani G, Zhang X, Hinkley N, Leopardi H, Yoon TH, Nicolodi D, Fortier TM, Ludlow AD. Hyperpolarizability and Operational Magic Wavelength in an Optical Lattice Clock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:253001. [PMID: 29303326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical clocks benefit from tight atomic confinement enabling extended interrogation times as well as Doppler- and recoil-free operation. However, these benefits come at the cost of frequency shifts that, if not properly controlled, may degrade clock accuracy. Numerous theoretical studies have predicted optical lattice clock frequency shifts that scale nonlinearly with trap depth. To experimentally observe and constrain these shifts in an ^{171}Yb optical lattice clock, we construct a lattice enhancement cavity that exaggerates the light shifts. We observe an atomic temperature that is proportional to the optical trap depth, fundamentally altering the scaling of trap-induced light shifts and simplifying their parametrization. We identify an "operational" magic wavelength where frequency shifts are insensitive to changes in trap depth. These measurements and scaling analysis constitute an essential systematic characterization for clock operation at the 10^{-18} level and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Brown
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - N B Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - W F McGrew
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M Schioppo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R J Fasano
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G Milani
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - X Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - N Hinkley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H Leopardi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - T H Yoon
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D Nicolodi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - T M Fortier
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A D Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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18
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Tian L, Xu Z, Chen L, Ge W, Yuan H, Wen Y, Wang S, Li S, Wang H. Spatial Multiplexing of Atom-Photon Entanglement Sources using Feedforward Control and Switching Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:130505. [PMID: 29341712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The light-matter quantum interface that can create quantum correlations or entanglement between a photon and one atomic collective excitation is a fundamental building block for a quantum repeater. The intrinsic limit is that the probability of preparing such nonclassical atom-photon correlations has to be kept low in order to suppress multiexcitation. To enhance this probability without introducing multiexcitation errors, a promising scheme is to apply multimode memories to the interface. Significant progress has been made in temporal, spectral, and spatial multiplexing memories, but the enhanced probability for generating the entangled atom-photon pair has not been experimentally realized. Here, by using six spin-wave-photon entanglement sources, a switching network, and feedforward control, we build a multiplexed light-matter interface and then demonstrate a ∼sixfold (∼fourfold) probability increase in generating entangled atom-photon (photon-photon) pairs. The measured compositive Bell parameter for the multiplexed interface is 2.49±0.03 combined with a memory lifetime of up to ∼51 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiao Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxiang Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Wen
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
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19
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Kobayashi T, Yamazaki D, Matsuki K, Ikuta R, Miki S, Yamashita T, Terai H, Yamamoto T, Koashi M, Imoto N. Mach-Zehnder interferometer using frequency-domain beamsplitter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:12052-12060. [PMID: 28788758 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.012052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a first-order interference between coherent light at 1580 nm and 795 nm by using a frequency-domain Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The MZI is implemented by two frequency-domain BSs based on a second-order nonlinear optical effect in a periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide with a strong pump light. The observed visibility is over 0.99 at 50% conversion efficiencies of the BSs. Toward photonic quantum information processing, sufficiently small background photon rate is necessary. From measurement results with a superconducting single photon detector (SSPD), we discuss the feasibility of the frequency-domain MZI in a quantum regime. Our estimation shows that the single photon interference with the visibility above 0.9 is feasible with practical settings.
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20
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Ma L, Slattery O, Tang X. Optical quantum memory based on electromagnetically induced transparency. JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2010) 2017; 19:043001. [PMID: 28828172 PMCID: PMC5562294 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/19/4/043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a promising approach to implement quantum memory in quantum communication and quantum computing applications. In this paper, following a brief overview of the main approaches to quantum memory, we provide details of the physical principle and theory of quantum memory based specifically on EIT. We discuss the key technologies for implementing quantum memory based on EIT and review important milestones, from the first experimental demonstration to current applications in quantum information systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Oliver Slattery
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Xiao Tang
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
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21
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Heshami K, England DG, Humphreys PC, Bustard PJ, Acosta VM, Nunn J, Sussman BJ. Quantum memories: emerging applications and recent advances. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:2005-2028. [PMID: 27695198 PMCID: PMC5020357 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum light-matter interfaces are at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Quantum memories for photons, where non-classical states of photons are mapped onto stationary matter states and preserved for subsequent retrieval, are technical realizations enabled by exquisite control over interactions between light and matter. The ability of quantum memories to synchronize probabilistic events makes them a key component in quantum repeaters and quantum computation based on linear optics. This critical feature has motivated many groups to dedicate theoretical and experimental research to develop quantum memory devices. In recent years, exciting new applications, and more advanced developments of quantum memories, have proliferated. In this review, we outline some of the emerging applications of quantum memories in optical signal processing, quantum computation and non-linear optics. We review recent experimental and theoretical developments, and their impacts on more advanced photonic quantum technologies based on quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor M. Acosta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Center for High Technology Materials, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joshua Nunn
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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22
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Yang J, He X, Guo R, Xu P, Wang K, Sheng C, Liu M, Wang J, Derevianko A, Zhan M. Coherence Preservation of a Single Neutral Atom Qubit Transferred between Magic-Intensity Optical Traps. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:123201. [PMID: 27689269 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the coherence of a single mobile atomic qubit can be well preserved during a transfer process among different optical dipole traps (ODTs). This is a prerequisite step in realizing a large-scale neutral atom quantum information processing platform. A qubit encoded in the hyperfine manifold of an ^{87}Rb atom is dynamically extracted from the static quantum register by an auxiliary moving ODT and reinserted into the static ODT. Previous experiments were limited by decoherences induced by the differential light shifts of qubit states. Here, we apply a magic-intensity trapping technique which mitigates the detrimental effects of light shifts and substantially enhances the coherence time to 225±21 ms. The experimentally demonstrated magic trapping technique relies on the previously neglected hyperpolarizability contribution to the light shifts, which makes the light shift dependence on the trapping laser intensity parabolic. Because of the parabolic dependence, at a certain "magic" intensity, the first order sensitivity to trapping light-intensity variations over ODT volume is eliminated. We experimentally demonstrate the utility of this approach and measure hyperpolarizability for the first time. Our results pave the way for constructing scalable quantum-computing architectures with single atoms trapped in an array of magic ODTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ruijun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Andrei Derevianko
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Mingsheng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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23
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Kómár P, Topcu T, Kessler EM, Derevianko A, Vuletić V, Ye J, Lukin MD. Quantum Network of Atom Clocks: A Possible Implementation with Neutral Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:060506. [PMID: 27541452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.060506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a protocol for creating a fully entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type state of neutral atoms in spatially separated optical atomic clocks. In our scheme, local operations make use of the strong dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg excitations, which give rise to fast and reliable quantum operations involving all atoms in the ensemble. The necessary entanglement between distant ensembles is mediated by single-photon quantum channels and collectively enhanced light-matter couplings. These techniques can be used to create the recently proposed quantum clock network based on neutral atom optical clocks. We specifically analyze a possible realization of this scheme using neutral Yb ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kómár
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - T Topcu
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E M Kessler
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A Derevianko
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - V Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Ye
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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24
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Fisher KAG, England DG, MacLean JPW, Bustard PJ, Resch KJ, Sussman BJ. Frequency and bandwidth conversion of single photons in a room-temperature diamond quantum memory. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11200. [PMID: 27045988 PMCID: PMC4822040 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectral manipulation of photons is essential for linking components in a quantum network. Large frequency shifts are needed for conversion between optical and telecommunication frequencies, while smaller shifts are useful for frequency-multiplexing quantum systems, in the same way that wavelength division multiplexing is used in classical communications. Here we demonstrate frequency and bandwidth conversion of single photons in a room-temperature diamond quantum memory. Heralded 723.5 nm photons, with 4.1 nm bandwidth, are stored as optical phonons in the diamond via a Raman transition. Upon retrieval from the diamond memory, the spectral shape of the photons is determined by a tunable read pulse through the reverse Raman transition. We report central frequency tunability over 4.2 times the input bandwidth, and bandwidth modulation between 0.5 and 1.9 times the input bandwidth. Our results demonstrate the potential for diamond, and Raman memories in general, as an integrated platform for photon storage and spectral conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A G Fisher
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Duncan G England
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Jean-Philippe W MacLean
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Philip J Bustard
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Kevin J Resch
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Benjamin J Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6.,Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Zhou ZY, Li Y, Ding DS, Zhang W, Shi S, Shi BS, Guo GC. Orbital angular momentum photonic quantum interface. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16019. [PMID: 30167117 PMCID: PMC6059842 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Light-carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has great potential in enhancing the information channel capacity in both classical and quantum optical communications. Long distance optical communication requires the wavelengths of light are situated in the low-loss communication windows, but most quantum memories currently being developed for use in a quantum repeater work at different wavelengths, so a quantum interface to bridge the wavelength gap is necessary. So far, such an interface for OAM-carried light has not been realized yet. Here, we report the first experimental realization of a quantum interface for a heralded single photon carrying OAM using a nonlinear crystal in an optical cavity. The spatial structures of input and output photons exhibit strong similarity. More importantly, single-photon coherence is preserved during up-conversion as demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bao-Sen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Brekke E, Herman E. Frequency characteristics of far-detuned parametric four-wave mixing in Rb. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:5674-5677. [PMID: 26625079 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.005674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the frequency characteristics of the coherent 420 nm beam generated via parametric four-wave mixing (FWM). A single, high-power 778 nm laser is directed through a high-density rubidium cell with a detuning of 1 THz from the intermediate state, generating fields at 420 nm and 5.23 μm through FWM. The frequency of the 420 nm light has been found to shift as the excitation laser is tuned. The measured frequency shift ratio of 1.87±0.04 corresponds with the selection of a different velocity class at each excitation frequency, implying that the 5.23 μm beam frequency is correspondingly shifted. The 420 nm light has been tuned over a range of 1 GHz. This parametric FWM process has potential application as a tunable photon source at novel wavelengths.
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Yang SJ, Wang XJ, Li J, Rui J, Bao XH, Pan JW. Highly retrievable spin-wave-photon entanglement source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:210501. [PMID: 26066421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement between a single photon and a quantum memory forms the building blocks for a quantum repeater and quantum network. Previous entanglement sources are typically with low retrieval efficiency, which limits future larger-scale applications. Here, we report a source of highly retrievable spin-wave-photon entanglement. Polarization entanglement is created through interaction of a single photon with an ensemble of atoms inside a low-finesse ring cavity. The cavity is engineered to be resonant for dual spin-wave modes, which thus enables efficient retrieval of the spin-wave qubit. An intrinsic retrieval efficiency up to 76(4)% has been observed. Such a highly retrievable atom-photon entanglement source will be very useful in future larger-scale quantum repeater and quantum network applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jun Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu-Jie Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Rui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Kong D, Li Z, Wang S, Wang X, Li Y. Quantum frequency down-conversion of bright amplitude-squeezed states. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:24192-24201. [PMID: 25321994 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.024192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally the quantum frequency down-conversion of a bright amplitude-squeezed optical field via a high efficiency difference frequency generation process. 532 nm amplitude-squeezed light with squeezing of 1.0 dB is successfully translated to 810 nm amplitude-squeezed light with squeezing of 0.8 dB. The effects of amplitude and phase fluctuations of the pump field on the frequency conversion are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the quantum frequency down-conversion is insensitive to small amplitude fluctuations of the pump field at the optimal conversion point. However, the phase fluctuations of the pump field can lead to increase of noise in the phase quadrature of the down-converted field. To eliminate the additive phase noise, a dual frequency down-converter which utilizing common pump field is proposed and demonstrated.
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Wu Y, Chen L, Xu Z, Wang H. Protecting a quantum memory for a photonic polarization qubit in a cold atomic ensemble by dynamical decoupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:23360-23371. [PMID: 25321805 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.023360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental demonstration of storage of photonic polarization qubit (PPQ) protected by dynamical decoupling (DD). PPQ's states are stored as a superposition of two spin waves by electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT). Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) DD sequences are applied to the spin-wave superposition to suppress its decoherence. Thus, the quantum process fidelity remains better than 0.8 for up to 800 μs storage time, which is 3.4-times longer than the corresponding storage time of ~180 μs without the CPMG sequences. This work is a key step towards the storage of single-photon polarization qubit protected by the CPMG sequences.
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30
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Ikuta R, Kobayashi T, Yasui S, Miki S, Yamashita T, Terai H, Fujiwara M, Yamamoto T, Koashi M, Sasaki M, Wang Z, Imoto N. Frequency down-conversion of 637 nm light to the telecommunication band for non-classical light emitted from NV centers in diamond. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:11205-11214. [PMID: 24921818 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.011205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a low-noise frequency down-conversion of photons at 637 nm to the telecommunication band at 1587 nm by the difference frequency generation in a periodically-poled lithium niobate. An internal conversion efficiency of the converter is estimated to be 0.44 at the maximum which is achieved by a pump power of 0.43 W, whereas a rate of internal background photons caused by the strong cw pump laser is estimated to be 9 kHz/mW within a bandwidth of about 1 nm. By using the experimental values related to the intrinsic property of the converter, and using the intensity correlation and the average photon number of a 637 nm input light pulse, we derive the intensity correlation of a converted telecom light pulse. Then we discuss feasibility of a single-photon frequency conversion to the telecommunication band for a long-distance quantum communication based on NV centers in diamond.
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Xu Z, Wu Y, Tian L, Chen L, Zhang Z, Yan Z, Li S, Wang H, Xie C, Peng K. Long lifetime and high-fidelity quantum memory of photonic polarization qubit by lifting zeeman degeneracy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:240503. [PMID: 24483636 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.240503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived and high-fidelity memory for a photonic polarization qubit (PPQ) is crucial for constructing quantum networks. We present a millisecond storage system based on electromagnetically induced transparency, in which a moderate magnetic field is applied on a cold-atom cloud to lift Zeeman degeneracy and, thus, the PPQ states are stored as two magnetic-field-insensitive spin waves. Especially, the influence of magnetic-field-sensitive spin waves on the storage performances is almost totally avoided. The measured average fidelities of the polarization states are 98.6% at 200 μs and 78.4% at 4.5 ms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Changde Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunchi Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
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32
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Ikuta R, Kobayashi T, Kato H, Miki S, Yamashita T, Terai H, Fujiwara M, Yamamoto T, Sasaki M, Wang Z, Koashi M, Imoto N. Observation of two output light pulses from a partial wavelength converter preserving phase of an input light at a single-photon level. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:27865-27872. [PMID: 24514303 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.027865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that both of the two output light pulses of different wavelengths from a wavelength converter with various branching ratios preserve phase information of an input light at a single-photon level. In our experiment, we converted temporally-separated two coherent light pulses with average photon numbers of ∼ 0.1 at 780 nm to light pulses at 1522 nm by using difference-frequency generation in a periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide. We observed an interference between temporally-separated two modes for both the converted and the unconverted light pulses at various values of the conversion efficiency. We observed interference visibilities greater than 0.88 without suppressing the background noises for any value of the conversion efficiency the wavelength converter achieves. At a conversion efficiency of ∼ 0.5, the observed visibilities are 0.98 for the unconverted light and 0.99 for the converted light. Such a phase-preserving wavelength converter with high visibilities will be useful for manipulating quantum states encoded in the frequency degrees of freedom.
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Ledingham PM, Naylor WR, Longdell JJ. Experimental realization of light with time-separated correlations by rephasing amplified spontaneous emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:093602. [PMID: 23002832 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amplified spontaneous emission is a common noise source in active optical systems, it is generally seen as being an incoherent process. Here we excite an ensemble of rare earth ion dopants in a solid with a π pulse, resulting in amplified spontaneous emission. The application of a second π pulse leads to a coherent echo of the amplified spontaneous emission that is correlated in both amplitude and phase. For small optical thicknesses, we see evidence that the amplified spontaneous emission and its echo are entangled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Ledingham
- Jack Dodd Centre for Photonics and Ultra-Cold Atoms, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Beavan SE, Hedges MP, Sellars MJ. Demonstration of photon-echo rephasing of spontaneous emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:093603. [PMID: 23002833 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report the first demonstration of "rephased amplified spontaneous emission" (RASE) with photon-counting detection. This protocol provides an all-in-one photon-pair source and quantum-memory that has applications as a quantum repeater node. The RASE protocol is temporally multimode, and in this demonstration the photon echo was generated in a way that is spatially multimode and includes intermediate storage between two potentially long-lived spin states. A correlation between spontaneous emission and its photon echo was observed, using an ensemble of Pr(3+) ions doped into a Y2SiO5 crystal. Alterations that would allow for the measurement of nonclassical correlations are identified. These should generally apply for future experiments in rare-earth ion crystals, which are promising systems for implementing highly-multiplexed quantum repeater operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Beavan
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, RSPE, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Ikuta R, Kusaka Y, Kitano T, Kato H, Yamamoto T, Koashi M, Imoto N. Wide-band quantum interface for visible-to-telecommunication wavelength conversion. Nat Commun 2011; 2:1544. [PMID: 22086343 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Willis RT, Becerra FE, Orozco LA, Rolston SL. Photon statistics and polarization correlations at telecommunications wavelengths from a warm atomic ensemble. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:14632-14641. [PMID: 21934825 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.014632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the polarization correlation and photon statistics of photon pairs that emerge from a laser-pumped warm rubidium vapor cell. The photon pairs occur at 780 nm and 1367 nm and are polarization entangled. We measure the autocorrelation of each of the generated fields as well as the cross-correlation function, and observe a strong violation of the two-beam Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. We evaluate the performance of the system as source of heralded single photons at a telecommunication wavelength. We measure the heralded autocorrelation and see that coincidences are suppressed by a factor of ≈ 20 from a Poissonian source at a generation rate of 1500 s(-1), a heralding efficiency of 10%, and a narrow spectral width.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Willis
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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