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Scheurle A, Kunisch E, Boccaccini AR, Walker T, Renkawitz T, Westhauser F. Boric acid and Molybdenum trioxide synergistically stimulate osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127405. [PMID: 38325181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metals and their metal ions have been shown to exhibit certain biological functions that make them attractive for use in biomaterials, for example in bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. Recent data shows that Molybdenum (Mo) is a potent inducer of osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). On the other hand, while boron (B) has been shown to enhance vascularization in BTE applications, its impact on osteogenic differentiation is volatile: while improved osteogenic differentiation has been described, other data show that B might slow down osteogenic differentiation or reduce the calcification of the extracellular matrix (ECM) when applied in higher doses. Still, the combination of pro-osteogenic Mo and pro-angiogenic B is certainly attractive in the context of biomaterials intended for the use in BTE. METHODS Therefore, the combined effect of molybdenum trioxide and boric acid at different ratios was investigated in this study to evaluate the effects on the viability, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, ECM production and maturation of BMSCs. RESULTS Mo ions proved to be stronger osteoinductive compared to B, in fact, while some osteogenic differentiation markers were downregulated in the presence of B, the presence of Mo provided compensation. The combined application of B and Mo indicated a combination of individual effects, partially even enhancing the expected combined performance of the single stimulations. CONCLUSIONS The combination of B and Mo might be beneficial for BTE applications since the limited osteogenic properties of B can be compensated by Mo. Furthermore, since B is known to be pro-angiogenic, the combination of both substances may synergistically lead to improved vascularization and bone regeneration. Future studies should assess the angiogenic performance of this combination in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scheurle
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Kunisch
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Walker
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Renkawitz
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Westhauser
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lange RT, Gill JM, Lippa SM, Hungerford L, Walker T, Kennedy J, Brickell TA, French LM. Elevated Serum Tau and UCHL-1 Concentrations Within 12 Months of Injury Predict Neurobehavioral Functioning 2 or More Years Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2024; 39:196-206. [PMID: 37335195 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood-based biomarkers have received considerable attention for their diagnostic and prognostic value in the acute and postacute period following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to examine whether blood-based biomarker concentrations within the first 12 months of TBI can predict neurobehavioral outcome in the chronic phase of the recovery trajectory. SETTING Inpatient and outpatient wards from 3 military medical treatment facilities. PARTICIPANTS A total of 161 service members and veterans classified into 3 groups: ( a ) uncomplicated mild TBI (MTBI; n = 37), ( b ) complicated mild, moderate, severe, penetrating TBI combined (STBI; n = 46), and ( c ) controls (CTRL; n = 78). DESIGN Prospective longitudinal. MAIN MEASURES Participants completed 6 scales from the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life (ie, Anger, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Headaches, and Cognitive Concerns) within 12 months (baseline) and at 2 or more years (follow-up) post-injury. Serum concentrations of tau, neurofilament light, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and UCHL-1 at baseline were measured using SIMOA. RESULTS Baseline tau was associated with worse anger, anxiety, and depression in the STBI group at follow-up ( R2 = 0.101-0.127), and worse anxiety in the MTBI group ( R2 = 0.210). Baseline ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL-1) was associated with worse anxiety and depression at follow-up in both the MTBI and STBI groups ( R2 Δ = 0.143-0.207), and worse cognitive concerns in the MTBI group ( R2 Δ = 0.223). CONCLUSIONS A blood-based panel including these biomarkers could be a useful tool for identifying individuals at risk of poor outcome following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rael T Lange
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, Maryland (Drs Lange, Hungerford, Kennedy, Brickell, and French and Mr Walker); Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Drs Lange, Lippa, Brickell, and French); National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland (Drs Lange, Lippa, Brickell, and French); General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia (Drs Lange, Hungerford, Kennedy, and Brickell); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Dr Lange); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (Drs Lange, Brickell, and French); Department of Neuroscience, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Lippa); San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas (Dr Kennedy); Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California (Dr Hungerford and Mr Walker); and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Gill)
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Hoenig D, Thielemann F, Karpa L, Walker T, Mohammadi A, Schaetz T. Trapping Ion Coulomb Crystals in an Optical Lattice. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:133003. [PMID: 38613289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We report the optical trapping of multiple ions localized at individual lattice sites of a one-dimensional optical lattice. We observe a fivefold increased range of axial dc-electric field strength for which ions can be optically trapped with high probability and an increase of the axial eigenfrequency by 2 orders of magnitude compared to an optical dipole trap without interference but of similar intensity. Our findings motivate an alternative pathway to extend arrays of trapped ions in size and dimension, enabling quantum simulations with particles interacting at long range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoenig
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Thielemann
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leon Karpa
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Walker
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaetz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Ramesh A, Oliveira P, Cameron M, Castanha PMS, Walker T, Lenhart A, Impoinvil L, Alexander N, Medeiros Z, Sá A, Rocha A, Souza WV, Maciel A, Braga C. Postintervention Immunological and Entomological Survey of Lymphatic Filariasis in the City of Olinda, Brazil, 2015-2016. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:470-482. [PMID: 38350158 PMCID: PMC10919178 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a leading cause of disability due to infectious disease worldwide. The Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR) is the only remaining focus of LF in Brazil, where the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti is transmitted solely by the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. This study reports the results of transmission assessment surveys and molecular xenomonitoring in the city of Olinda, RMR, after nearly 15 years (2015-2016) of interventions for LF elimination. Participants were screened for W. bancrofti antigen via immunochromatographic card tests (ICT) in: 1) door-to-door surveys conducted for all children aged 5-7 years from 4 out of 17 intervention areas treated with at least five annual doses of mass drug administration (MDA), and 2) a two-stage cluster sampling survey of residents aged 5 years and older in non-MDA areas. Mosquitoes were collected via handheld aspirators in four MDA areas, differentiated by species, sex, and physiological status, pooled into groups of up to 10 blood-fed, semigravid, and gravid mosquitoes, and screened for W. bancrofti infection by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). All 1,170 children from MDA areas and the entire population sample of 990 residents in non-MDA areas were ICT negative. In MDA areas, a total of 3,152 female Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in 277 households (range, 0-296 mosquitoes per house) were collected via aspiration. RT-qPCR of 233 pools of mosquitos were negative for W. bancrofti RNA; an independent reference laboratory confirmed these results. These results provide evidence that LF transmission has been halted in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ramesh
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Oliveira
- National Reference Service for Lymphatic Filariasis, Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mary Cameron
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priscila M. S. Castanha
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lucy Impoinvil
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Neal Alexander
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zulma Medeiros
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil
| | - André Sá
- Collective Health Department, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ
| | - Abraham Rocha
- National Reference Service for Lymphatic Filariasis, Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
| | - Wayner V. Souza
- Collective Health Department, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ
| | - Amélia Maciel
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Braga
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil
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Walker T. Detection of Natural Wolbachia Strains in Anopheles Mosquitoes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2739:205-218. [PMID: 38006554 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3553-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium that naturally infects many insect species, including mosquitoes that transmit human diseases. Wolbachia strains have been shown to inhibit the transmission of both arboviruses and malaria Plasmodium parasites. The existence of natural strains in wild Anopheles (An.) mosquitoes, the vectors of malaria parasites, in an endosymbiotic relationship is still to be fully determined. Although Wolbachia has been reported to be present in wild populations of the An. gambiae complex, the primary vectors of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa, Wolbachia DNA sequence density and infection frequencies are low. As most studies have used highly sensitive nested PCR as the only detection method, more robust evidence is required to determine whether Wolbachia strains are established as endosymbionts in Anopheles species. Techniques such as fluorescent in situ hybridization, microbiome sequencing, and Wolbachia whole genome sequencing have provided concrete evidence for genuine Wolbachia strains in two mosquito species: An. moucheti and An. demeilloni. In this chapter, the current methodology used to determine if resident strains exist in Anopheles mosquitoes will be reviewed, including both PCR- and non-PCR-based protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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Tsotsolis S, Ha J, Fernandes ARC, Park JY, Dewhurst M, Walker T, Ilo K, Park SR, Patel A, Hester T, Poutoglidou F. To plate, or not to plate? A systematic review of functional outcomes and complications of plate fixation in patellar fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2023; 33:3287-3297. [PMID: 37286819 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-023-03597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor outcomes and high complication and reoperation rates have been reported with tension-band wiring (TBW) in the management of patellar fractures and particularly the comminuted ones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional outcomes and complication rates of patellar fractures managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with a plate. METHODS MEDLINE, EMCare, CINAHL, AMED and HMIC were searched, and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. Two independent reviewers extracted the data from the included studies and assessed them for the risk of bias. RESULTS Plating of patellar fractures is associated with satisfactory range of movement (ROM) and postoperative function and low pain levels. We found a 10.44% complication rate and a low reoperation rate. Reoperations were mainly performed for metalwork removal. CONCLUSION ORIF with plating of patellar fractures is a safe alternative in the management of patellar fractures and may be associated with a lower complication and reoperation rate compared to TBW. Future randomized prospective studies are needed to validated the results of the present systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Tsotsolis
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joon Ha
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1FR, UK
| | | | - Jae Yong Park
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maximilian Dewhurst
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1FR, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1FR, UK
| | - Kevin Ilo
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Se Ri Park
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amit Patel
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1FR, UK
| | - Thomas Hester
- Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Freideriki Poutoglidou
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1FR, UK.
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Acford-Palmer H, Campos M, Bandibabone J, N'Do S, Bantuzeko C, Zawadi B, Walker T, Phelan JE, Messenger LA, Clark TG, Campino S. Detection of insecticide resistance markers in Anopheles funestus from the Democratic Republic of the Congo using a targeted amplicon sequencing panel. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17363. [PMID: 37833354 PMCID: PMC10575962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector control strategies have been successful in reducing the number of malaria cases and deaths globally, but the spread of insecticide resistance represents a significant threat to disease control. Insecticide resistance has been reported across Anopheles (An.) vector populations, including species within the An. funestus group. These mosquitoes are responsible for intense malaria transmission across sub-Saharan Africa, including in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a country contributing > 12% of global malaria infections and mortality events. To support the continuous efficacy of vector control strategies, it is essential to monitor insecticide resistance using molecular surveillance tools. In this study, we developed an amplicon sequencing ("Amp-seq") approach targeting An. funestus, and using multiplex PCR, dual index barcoding, and next-generation sequencing for high throughput and low-cost applications. Using our Amp-seq approach, we screened 80 An. funestus field isolates from the DRC across a panel of nine genes with mutations linked to insecticide resistance (ace-1, CYP6P4, CYP6P9a, GSTe2, vgsc, and rdl) and mosquito speciation (cox-1, mtND5, and ITS2). Amongst the 18 non-synonymous mutations detected, was N485I, in the ace-1 gene associated with carbamate resistance. Overall, our panel represents an extendable and much-needed method for the molecular surveillance of insecticide resistance in An. funestus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Acford-Palmer
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Monica Campos
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Janvier Bandibabone
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro, Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sévérin N'Do
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) OCBA, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Chimanuka Bantuzeko
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro, Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Université Officielle de Bukavu (UOB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bertin Zawadi
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro, Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Thomas Walker
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jody E Phelan
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Taane G Clark
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Mercant Osuna A, Gidley A, Mayi MPA, Bamou R, Dhokiya V, Antonio-Nkondjio C, Jeffries CL, Walker T. Diverse novel Wolbachia bacteria strains and genera-specific co-infections with Asaia bacteria in Culicine mosquitoes from ecologically diverse regions of Cameroon. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:267. [PMID: 37799509 PMCID: PMC10548110 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18580.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia infects numerous species of insects and Wolbachia transinfection of Aedes mosquito species is now being used for biocontrol programs as Wolbachia strains can both inhibit arboviruses and invade wild mosquito populations. The discovery of novel, resident Wolbachia strains in mosquito species warrants further investigation as potential candidate strains for biocontrol strategies. Methods: We obtained mosquito specimens from diverse Culicine mosquitoes from Cameroon including ecologically diverse locations in the Central and West Regions. Wolbachia prevalence rates were assessed in addition to the environmentally acquired bacterial species Asaia in major Culicine genera. PCR-based methods were also used with phylogenetic analysis to confirm identities of host mosquito species and Wolbachia strains were classified using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results: We report high Wolbachia prevalence rates for Culicine species, including in a large cohort of Aedes africanus collected from west Cameroon in which 100% of mono-specific pools were infected. Furthermore, co-infections with Asaia bacteria were observed across multiple genera, demonstrating that these two bacteria can co-exist in wild mosquito populations. Wolbachia strain MLST and phylogenetic analysis provided evidence for diverse Wolbachia strains in 13 different mosquito species across seven different genera. Full or partial MLST profiles were generated from resident Wolbachia strains in six Culex species ( quinquefasciatus, watti, cinerus, nigripalpus, perexiguus and rima), two Aedes species (africanus and denderensis) and in Mansonia uniformis, Catageiomyia argenteopunctata, Lutzia tigripes, Eretmapodites chrysogaster and Uranotaenia bilineata. Conclusions: Our study provides further evidence that Wolbachia is widespread within wild mosquito populations of diverse Culicine species and provides further candidate strains that could be investigated as future options for Wolbachia-based biocontrol to inhibit arbovirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Mercant Osuna
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Gidley
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marie Paul Audrey Mayi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roland Bamou
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Vishaal Dhokiya
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Messenger LA, Matowo NS, Cross CL, Jumanne M, Portwood NM, Martin J, Lukole E, Mallya E, Mosha JF, Kaaya R, Moshi O, Pelloquin B, Fullerton K, Manjurano A, Mosha FW, Walker T, Rowland M, Kulkarni MA, Protopopoff N. Effects of next-generation, dual-active-ingredient, long-lasting insecticidal net deployment on insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Tanzania: an analysis of a 3-year, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e673-e683. [PMID: 37558348 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance among malaria-vector species is a pervasive problem that might jeopardise global disease-control efforts. Novel vector-control tools with different modes of action, including long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) incorporating new active ingredients, are urgently needed to delay the evolution and spread of insecticide resistance. We aimed to measure phenotypic and genotypic insecticide-resistance profiles among wild Anopheles collected over 3 years to assess the longitudinal effects of dual-active-ingredient LLINs on insecticide resistance. METHODS For this analysis, data nested in a 3-year, four parallel-arm, superiority cluster-randomised controlled trial (cRCT) in Tanzania, collected from 84 clusters (39 307 households) formed of 72 villages in the Misungwi district, were used to measure insecticide-resistance profiles among female Anopheles mosquitoes via insecticide-resistance bioassays and quantitative RT-PCR of metabolic-resistance genes. Wild, blood-fed, indoor-resting mosquitoes were collected annually during the rainy seasons from house walls in clusters from all four trial groups. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified as An gambiae sensu lato (SL) or An funestus SL before separate bioassay testing. The primary outcomes were lethal-dose values for α-cypermethrin, permethrin, and piperonyl butoxide pre-exposure plus permethrin-resistance intensity bioassays, mortality 72 h after insecticidal exposure for chlorfenapyr bioassays, fertility reduction 72 h after insecticidal exposure for pyriproxyfen bioassays, and fold change in metabolic-enzyme expression relative to an insecticide-susceptible laboratory strain. All primary outcomes were measured in An funestus SL 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after LLIN distribution. Primary outcomes were also assessed in An gambiae SL if enough mosquitoes were collected. The cRCT is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03554616). FINDINGS Between May 24, 2019, and Oct 25, 2021, 47 224 female Anopheles were collected for resistance monitoring. In the pyrethroid (PY)-LLIN group, there were significant increases in α-cypermethrin-resistance intensity (year 1 LD50=9·52 vs year 2 76·20, p<0·0001) and permethrin-resistance intensity (year 1 13·27 vs year 2 35·83, p=0·0019) in An funestus SL. In the pyriproxyfen PY-LLIN group, there was similar increase in α-cypermethrin-resistance intensity (year 1 0·71 vs year 2 81·56, p<0·0001) and permethrin-resistance intensity (year 1 5·68 vs year 2 50·14, p<0·0001). In the piperonyl butoxide PY-LLIN group, α-cypermethrin-resistance intensity (year 1 33·26 vs year 3 70·22, p=0·0071) and permethrin-resistance intensity (year 1 47·09 vs year 3 2635·29, p<0·0001) also increased over time. In the chlorfenapyr PY-LLIN group, there were no effects on α-cypermethrin-resistance intensity (year 1 0·42 vs year 3 0·99, p=0·54) or permethrin-resistance intensity (data were not estimable due to nearly 100% mortality). There were also minimal reductions in chlorfenapyr susceptibility. However, in the chlorfenapyr PY-LLIN group, a significant decline in piperonyl-butoxide synergy was seen by year 3 (year 1 0·02 vs year 3 0·26, p=0·020). Highly over-expressed detoxification enzymes showed dynamic patterns of selection throughout the trial. INTERPRETATION Our phenotypic data supports trial epidemiological findings; chlorfenapyr PY-LLINs provided superior protection from malaria across multiple transmission seasons, with few effects on insecticide-resistance selection. Rapid pyrethroid-resistance intensification in the piperonyl butoxide PY-LLIN group and pre-existing tolerance of pyriproxyfen in vector populations might explain the poorer performance of these two interventions regarding malaria outcomes. Further work is required to elucidate the potential mechanisms driving cross-resistance between pyrethroids and novel active ingredients to better inform the design of pre-emptive resistance-management strategies. FUNDING UK Department for International Development; UK Medical Research Council; Wellcome Trust; UK Department of Health and Social Care; UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; and The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation via the Innovative Vector Control Consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA; Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Nancy S Matowo
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Chad L Cross
- Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Mohamed Jumanne
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Natalie M Portwood
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Parasitology Unit, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jackline Martin
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Eliud Lukole
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth Mallya
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Jacklin F Mosha
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Robert Kaaya
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Oliva Moshi
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Bethanie Pelloquin
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katherine Fullerton
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alphaxard Manjurano
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Franklin W Mosha
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mark Rowland
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Manisha A Kulkarni
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natacha Protopopoff
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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10
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Westhauser F, Doll J, Bangert Y, Walker T, Reiner T, Renkawitz T. [Treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee]. Orthopadie (Heidelb) 2023:10.1007/s00132-023-04391-5. [PMID: 37318534 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-023-04391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the most important degenerative joint diseases in the clinical routine. The treatment of knee osteoarthritis is not only based on the stage, symptoms and duration of the joint disease, but also depends on the existing arthrosis pattern. In the case of unicompartmental arthrosis, damage typical for osteoarthritis is limited to just one joint compartment. Both the conservative and the surgical treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee have to respect the individual characteristics of the respective forms of osteoarthritis. In the context of this manuscript, the genesis, the diagnostics and the guideline-based stage-adapted conservative and operative treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Westhauser
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - J Doll
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Y Bangert
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - T Walker
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - T Reiner
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - T Renkawitz
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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11
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Gramlich D, Walker T. Water risk modeling: A framework for finance. J Environ Manage 2023; 342:117991. [PMID: 37224654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has intensified water risk events, threatening water security for societies and ecosystems. Although current water risk models focus on geophysical and business-related effects, they do not quantify the monetary dimensions of water-related challenges and opportunities. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the objectives and directions for modeling water risk in finance. We identify requirements for adequately modeling financial water risk, assess existing water risk approaches in finance, outline their benefits and shortcomings, and develop directions for future modeling. Recognizing the interplay between climate and water as well as the systemic dimension of water risk, we emphasize the need for forward-looking, diversification-based, and mitigation-adjusted modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Gramlich
- Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University Heidenheim, Germany
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12
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Kosti A, Borakati A, Varma A, Gupta A, Mustafa A, Hakeem A, Quddus A, Sahl AB, Beniwal A, Adesuyi A, Krzak AM, Brooks A, Frampton A, Gadhvi A, Talbot A, Elnogoomi A, Mahgoub A, Naqvi A, Pervez A, Bodla AS, Taha A, Tawfik A, Prabhu A, Puri A, Belgaumkar A, Gupta A, McCrorie A, Findlay A, Healey A, De Prendergast A, Farrugia A, Dosis A, Adiamah A, Sallam A, Wong A, Bradley A, Martin A, Collins A, Awan A, Bond A, Koh A, Kourdouli A, Patel AG, Dhannoon A, Khalil A, Banerjee A, Khan A, Elserafy A, Alamassi A, Owen A, Benjafield A, Zuccarrelli A, Luhmann A, Jones A, Kennedy-Dalby A, Smith AM, Kaul A, Kumar A, White A, Baker A, Minicozzi A, Bardoli A, Golpe AL, Manzelli A, Sivakumar A, Saha A, Shajpal A, Lango A, Cotton A, Nair A, Brown A, Menon A, Tandon A, Afza A, Hassan A, Shamali A, Khalid A, Regan A, Piramanayagam B, Oyewole B, Ibrahim B, Murphy B, Clayton B, Jenkins B, Kumar B, Rybinski B, Khor BY, Davidson BR, Lees B, Blacklock C, Johnstone C, Salinas CH, Boven C, Wolstenholme C, Chin C, Gilmore C, Sharp C, Walker C, Harris C, Khanna C, Ferguson C, Kyriakides C, Bee C, Currow C, Parmar C, Collins C, Halloran C, Smart CJ, Neophytou C, Delaney C, Anele C, Heugh C, Choh CTP, Kenington C, Wyatt C, Borg CM, Mole D, Arumugam D, Gunia D, Porter D, Berry D, Griffith D, Hou D, Longbotham D, Mitton D, Strachan D, Di Mauro D, Worku D, Heaphy D, Dunne D, Yeung D, Arambepola D, Leswas DA, Pournaras DJ, Damaskos D, Saleh D, Osilli D, Pearman D, Whitelaw D, Haq EU, Mack E, Spurring E, Jamieson E, Lenzi E, Gemmill E, Gammeri E, Bota E, Britton E, Farrow E, Lloyd E, Moran E, Itobi E, Craig E, Tanaka E, Chohda E, Muhammad FU, Youssef F, Roslan F, Amir F, Froghi F, Di Franco F, Abbadessa F, DiMaggio F, Gurung G, Faulkner G, Choa G, Kerans G, Davis GN, Galanopoulos G, Karagiannidis G, McCabe G, Mohammadi-Zaniani G, Nawaz G, Van Boxel G, Bond-Smith G, Tierney GM, Muthukumarasamy G, Grey G, Wong G, Finch G, Khan H, Bourne H, Javanmard-Emamghissi H, Murray H, Rottenburg H, Wright H, Khalil H, Spiers HVM, Bashiti H, Shanti H, Ebied H, Ng HJ, Hamid HKS, Kim H, Wilson I, Rajendran I, Gerogiannis I, Patel I, El-Abbassy I, Burridge I, Caldwll J, Jackman J, Clark J, Duncan J, Milburn J, O’Kelly J, Olivier J, Rink J, Royle J, Rai J, Latif J, Ahmad J, Maliyil J, Carr J, Coles J, McGarry J, Apollos J, Lim J, Gray J, Thomas J, Bennett J, Findlay J, Spearman J, Young J, Lund JN, Meilak J, Alfred J, Welsh J, Chan JH, Martin J, Patel K, Ko KYK, Isand K, Razi K, Sarathy K, Powezka K, Foster K, Peleki K, Bevan K, Fox K, Edwards K, Larsen K, Spellar K, Oh KE, Kong K, Brown K, Roberts KJ, Seymour K, Beatson K, Etherson K, Willis K, Mann K, Nizami K, Rajput K, Lavery L, Sawdon L, Nip L, Al-Hamed L, Fagan L, Watton L, Saint-Grant AL, Convie L, Girard LP, Huppler L, Marsh L, Seretny L, Newton L, Buksh M, Sallam M, Mathew M, Prasanth MN, Nayar M, Wijeyaratne M, Hollyman M, Ransome M, Popa M, Galea M, Taylor M, Gismondi M, Michel M, Wadley M, Al-Azzawi M, Claxton M, Kuzman M, Bonomaully M, Newman M, Bhandari M, Courtney M, Jones M, Rarity M, Wilson M, Ebraheem M, Elnaghi M, Mohamed MSN, Al-Hijaji M, Al-Rashedy M, Qayum MK, Zourob M, Gaber M, Rao M, Islam MA, Rashid MU, Zafar M, Naqvi M, Ahmad MN, Telfah M, Merali N, Hanbali N, Gulnaz N, Kumar N, Husain N, Angamuthu N, Murali N, Kirmani N, Assaf N, Doshi N, Shah NS, Basra N, Menezes N, Dai N, Schuijtvlot N, Kansal N, Chidumije N, Yassin N, Babalola O, Oyende O, Williams O, Pawlik O, O'Connor O, Jalil OA, Ryska O, Vaz O, Sarmah P, Jayawardena P, Patel P, Hart P, Cromwell P, Manby P, Marriott P, Needham P, Ghaneh P, Rao PKD, Eves P, Coe PO, May-Miller P, Szatmary P, Ireland P, Seta P, Ravi P, Janardhanan P, Patil P, Mistry P, Heer P, Patel P, Nunes Q, Ain Q, Clifford R, Brindle R, Lee RXN, Lim RQH, Rahman R, Kumar RM, Lunevicius R, Mukherjee R, Lahiri R, Behmida R, Rajebhosale R, Levy R, Chhabra R, Oliphant R, Freeman R, Jones RM, Elkalbash R, Brignall R, Bell R, Byrom R, Laing RW, Patel R, Buhain R, Clark R, Sutton R, Presa R, Lawther R, Patel R, Zakeri R, Mashar R, Wei R, Baron R, Tasleem S, Kadambot SS, Azam S, Wajed S, Ali S, Body S, Saeed S, Bandyopadhyay S, Mohamed S, Pandanaboyana S, Hassasing S, Dyer S, Small S, Seeralakandapalan S, Arumugam S, Chakravartty S, Ong SL, Ooi SZY, Nazir S, Zafar S, Shirazi S, Bharucha S, Majid S, Ahmed S, Rajamanickam SK, Albalkiny S, Ng S, Chowdhury S, Yahia S, Handa S, Fallis S, Fisher S, Jones S, Phillips S, Mitra S, Aroori S, Thanki S, Rozwadowski S, Tucker S, Conroy S, Barman S, Bhat S, McCallion S, Knight SR, Tezas S, van Laarhoven S, Cowie S, Rao S, Sellahewa S, Bhatti S, Kaistha S, Moug SJ, Argyropoulos S, Virupaksha S, Difford T, Shikh-Bahaei T, Saafan T, Lo T, Magro T, Gala T, Katbeh T, Athwal T, Lo T, Fraser T, Anyomih T, Chase TJG, Walker T, Ward T, Gallagher TK, Richardson T, Wiggins T, Ali U, Patnam V, Kanakala V, Beynon V, Hudson VE, Morrison-Jones V, Korwar V, Massella V, Parekh V, Ng V, Toh WH, Toh W, Hawkins W, Cambridge W, Harrison W, Tan YY, Aal YA, Malam Y, Toumi Z, Khaddar ZA, Bleything Z. PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK. BJS Open 2023; 7:zrad008. [PMID: 37161673 PMCID: PMC10170253 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment. METHODS All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals. RESULTS A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death. CONCLUSION Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions.
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Acford-Palmer H, Phelan JE, Tadesse FG, Kristan M, Collins E, Spadar A, Walker T, Bousema T, Messenger LA, Clark TG, Campino S. Identification of two insecticide resistance markers in Ethiopian Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes using a multiplex amplicon sequencing assay. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5612. [PMID: 37019918 PMCID: PMC10076309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first detection in 2012 in Djibouti, Anopheles stephensi has invaded and established in the Horn of Africa, and more recently Nigeria. The expansion of this vector poses a significant threat to malaria control and elimination efforts. Integrated vector management is the primary strategy used to interrupt disease transmission; however, growing insecticide resistance is threatening to reverse gains in global malaria control. We present a next-generation amplicon-sequencing approach, for high-throughput monitoring of insecticide resistance genes (ace1, GSTe2, vgsc and rdl), species identification and characterization of genetic diversity (its2 and cox1) in An. stephensi. Ninety-five An. stephensi mosquitoes, collected in Ethiopia, were screened, identifying 104 SNPs, including the knock-down mutation L958F (L1014F in Musca domestica), and for the first time in this vector species, the A296S substitution (A301S in Drosophila melanogaster) in the rdl locus. Two other amino acid substitutions (ace1-N177D, GSTe2-V189L) were also identified but have not been previously implicated in insecticide resistance. Genetic diversity in the mitochondrial cox1 gene revealed shared haplotypes between Ethiopian An. stephensi with samples from Pakistan, Sudan, and Djibouti. Overall, we present a reliable, cost-effective strategy using amplicon-sequencing to monitor known insecticide resistance mutations, with the potential to identify new genetic variants, to assist in the high-throughput surveillance of insecticide resistance in An. stephensi populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Acford-Palmer
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jody E Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fitsum G Tadesse
- Malaria and NTD Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, ALERT Hospital Compound, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emma Collins
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anton Spadar
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Walker T, Sun HM, Gunnels T, Wysocki V, Laganowsky A, Rye H, Russell D. Dissecting the Thermodynamics of ATP Binding to GroEL One Nucleotide at a Time. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:466-475. [PMID: 36968544 PMCID: PMC10037461 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Variable-temperature electrospray ionization (vT-ESI) native mass spectrometry (nMS) is used to determine the thermodynamics for stepwise binding of up to 14 ATP molecules to the 801 kDa GroEL tetradecamer chaperonin complex. Detailed analysis reveals strong enthalpy-entropy compensation (EEC) for the ATP binding events leading to formation of GroEL-ATP7 and GroEL-ATP14 complexes. The observed variations in EEC and stepwise free energy changes of specific ATP binding are consistent with the well-established nested cooperativity model describing GroEL-ATP interactions, viz., intraring positive cooperativity and inter-ring negative cooperativity (Dyachenko A.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.2013, 110, 7235-7239). Entropy-driven ATP binding is to be expected for ligand-induced conformational changes of the GroEL tetradecamer, though the magnitude of the entropy change suggests that reorganization of GroEL-hydrating water molecules and/or expulsion of water from the GroEL cavity may also play key roles. The capability for determining complete thermodynamic signatures (ΔG, ΔH, and -TΔS) for individual ligand binding reactions for the large, nearly megadalton GroEL complex expands our fundamental view of chaperonin functional chemistry. Moreover, this work and related studies of protein-ligand interactions illustrate important new capabilities of vT-ESI-nMS for thermodynamic studies of protein interactions with ligands and other molecules such as proteins and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walker
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - He Mirabel Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tiffany Gunnels
- Department
of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Vicki Wysocki
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hays Rye
- Department
of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David Russell
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Kristan M, Acford-Palmer H, Campos MO, Collins EL, Phelan J, Portwood NM, Pelloquin B, Clarke S, Lines J, Clark TG, Walker T, Campino S, Messenger LA. Towards environmental detection, quantification, and molecular characterization of Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti from experimental larval breeding sites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2729. [PMID: 36792622 PMCID: PMC9932160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The invasion and establishment of An. stephensi mosquitoes in the Horn of Africa represents a significant regional threat, which may jeopardise malaria control, particularly in urban areas which were formally free from disease transmission. Novel vector surveillance methods are urgently needed, both agnostic to mosquito larval morphology, and simple to implement at the sampling stage. Using new multiplex TaqMan assays, specifically targeting An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti, we validated the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) for simultaneous vector detection in shared artificial breeding sites. Study findings demonstrated that An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti eDNA deposited by as few as one second instar larva in 1L of water was detectable. Characterization of molecular insecticide resistance mechanisms, using novel amplicon-sequencing panels for both vector species, was possible from eDNA shed by as few as 16-32 s instar larvae in 50 ml of water. An. stephensi eDNA, derived from emergent pupae for 24 h, was remarkably stable, and still detectable ~ 2 weeks later. eDNA surveillance has the potential to be implemented in local endemic communities and at points of country entry, to monitor the spread of invasive vector species. Further studies are required to validate the feasibility of this technique under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Kristan
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Holly Acford-Palmer
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Monica Oliveira Campos
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Emma L Collins
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jody Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Natalie M Portwood
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Bethanie Pelloquin
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sian Clarke
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jo Lines
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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16
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Goubran S, Walker T, Cucuzzella C, Schwartz T. Green building standards and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. J Environ Manage 2023; 326:116552. [PMID: 36372039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable practices in the building industry are strongly influenced by published green and sustainable building and real-estate standards (GSBRES). Therefore, it is crucial to assess how these standards contribute to achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper evaluates the extent to which GSBRESs align with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, lending a particular focus to the call for transformative change implicit in the SDGs. To this end, we develop a methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative analysis to assess the overlap between the content of three GSBRESs (LEED for design, BOMA BEST for operation, and GRESB for investment) and the SDGs. Despite the overlaps between the attributes of the GSBRESs and the general topics of the SDGs, we find that less than 20% of GSBRES attributes address the specific targets of the 2030 Agenda. Most importantly, the qualitative analysis shows that less than 10% of the standards' scores is attributed to transformative change. We conclude that claims that the GSBRESs are effective in advancing the SDGs are overstated and, without further empirical evidence, caution that they increase the risk of sustainable development greenwashing. We recommend that the standards be repositioned to adopt transformation-focused indicators related to a project's long-term impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Goubran
- Department of Architecture, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Finance, John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Director of the L. Jacques Ménard BMO Centre for Capital Markets and Concordia University Research Chair (Tier 1) in Emerging Risk Management, Canada.
| | - Carmela Cucuzzella
- Department of Design and Computation Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Concordia University Research Chair (Tier 2) in Integrated Design, Ecology, and Sustainability for the Built Environment (IDEAS-Be), Canada
| | - Tyler Schwartz
- Data Science, and Business Analytics Program, HEC Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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17
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Cheung T, de Zoeten EF, Hofenberg EJ, Liu E, Pan Z, Walker T, Stahl M. Characteristics of Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Coexisting Celiac Disease Seropositivity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:737-742. [PMID: 36122373 PMCID: PMC11017732 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Celiac disease (CeD) autoimmunity and coexisting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) present a diagnostic dilemma. Our aims were to describe the phenotype of children with IBD and CeD seropositivity and evaluate provider confidence for diagnosing CeD in this population. METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of subjects ≤18 years old with IBD and CeD seropositivity between 2006 and 2020. Subjects were considered to have IBD-CeD if they met CeD diagnosis by serology and histology per North American Society For Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines and if providers suspected CeD as evaluated by a survey. The IBD-only cohort included seropositive participants that did not meet criteria for CeD. Demographic, histologic, gross endoscopic, and laboratory features were compared using Fisher exact test. RESULTS Of 475 children with IBD, 8 had concomitant CeD, 5 had tissue transglutaminase (tTG) immunoglobulin A (IgA) > 10x upper limit of normal (ULN, P = 0.006), and 8 had villous atrophy (VA, P = 0.003) when compared with 17 seropositive participants with IBD-only. No children with IBD-CeD had esophageal eosinophilia, duodenal cryptitis, duodenal ulceration, or fecal calprotectin >250 µg/g. Factors that contributed to provider uncertainty for diagnosing CeD in IBD included the absence of VA and intraepithelial lymphocytes, the presence of neutrophilic and eosinophilic duodenitis, diffuse ulceration, elevated inflammatory markers, and immunosuppression therapy. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosing CeD in children with IBD continues to be challenging. Although high titers of tTG IgA and VA increased provider confidence for diagnosing CeD in IBD, development of evidence-based guidelines are needed. They should better assess the importance of features atypical of concomitant CeD that contribute to uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telly Cheung
- Digestive Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, and the
| | - Edwin F. de Zoeten
- Digestive Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, and the
| | - Edward J. Hofenberg
- Digestive Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, and the
| | - Edwin Liu
- Digestive Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, and the
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Biostatistics Core of Children’s Hospital Colorado Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas Walker
- Digestive Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, and the
| | - Marisa Stahl
- Digestive Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, and the
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18
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Bruhaug G, Rinderknecht HG, E Y, Wei MS, Brannon RB, Guy D, Peck RG, Landis N, Brent G, Fairbanks R, McAtee C, Walker T, Buczek T, Krieger M, Romanofsky MH, Milhem C, Francis KG, Zhang XC, Collins GW, Rygg JR. Development of a hardened THz energy meter for use on the kilojoule-scale, short-pulse OMEGA EP laser. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:123502. [PMID: 36586943 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A highly adaptable and robust terahertz (THz) energy meter is designed and implemented to detect energetic THz pulses from high-intensity (>1018 W/cm2) laser-plasma interactions on the OMEGA EP. THz radiation from the laser driven target is detected by a shielded pyrometer. A second identical pyrometer is used for background subtraction. The detector can be configured to detect THz pulses in the 1 mm to 30 μm (0.3- to 10-THz) range and pulse energies from joules to microjoules via changes in filtration, aperture size, and position. Additional polarization selective filtration can also be used to determine the THz pulse polarization. The design incorporates significant radiation and electromagnetic pulse shielding to survive and operate within the OMEGA EP radiation environment. We describe the design, operational principle, calibration, and testing of the THz energy meter. The pyrometers were calibrated using a benchtop laser and show linear sensitivity to up to 1000 nJ of absorbed energy. The initial results from four OMEGA EP THz experiments detected up to ∼15μJ at the detector, which can correspond to hundreds of mJ depending on THz emission and reflection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bruhaug
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - Y E
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M S Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R B Brannon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Guy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R G Peck
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - N Landis
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - G Brent
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Fairbanks
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C McAtee
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - T Walker
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - T Buczek
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M Krieger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M H Romanofsky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Milhem
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - K G Francis
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - X C Zhang
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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19
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Korman MB, Steinberg R, Gagliardi L, Stewart B, Acero CL, Davies J, Maunder R, Walker T, DasGupta T, DiProspero L, Sinyor M, Ellis J. Implementing the STEADY Wellness Program to Support Healthcare Workers throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101830. [PMID: 36292277 PMCID: PMC9601657 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an ongoing threat to the mental wellbeing of countless individuals worldwide, with healthcare workers at particularly high risk. We developed the STEADY staff wellness program prior to the pandemic based on the available literature and input from stakeholders, guided by the Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) Implementation Science Framework. We quickly adapted the STEADY program for implementation in selected high-need units within Canada’s largest trauma hospital during the pandemic’s first wave. This brief report describes implementation of the STEADY program, retroactively applying the structure of the Knowledge-to-Action Implementation Science Framework to the practical steps taken. We identified the importance of more frequent, shorter contact with HCWs that occurred in-person, with an emphasis on peer support. A flexible approach with strong support from hospital leadership were key facilitators. Our findings suggest that a flexible approach to practical program implementation, theoretically underpinned in best-practices, can result in an acceptable program that promotes increased HCW wellbeing during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B. Korman
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Rosalie Steinberg
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Lina Gagliardi
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Brenda Stewart
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Joanne Davies
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Robert Maunder
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Thomas Walker
- Ornge Air Medical Transport Operations, Toronto, Mississauga, ON L4W 5H8, Canada
| | - Tracey DasGupta
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Lisa DiProspero
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mark Sinyor
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Janet Ellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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20
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Campos M, Phelan J, Spadar A, Collins E, Gonçalves A, Pelloquin B, Vaselli NM, Meiwald A, Clark E, Stica C, Orsborne J, Sylla M, Edi C, Camara D, Mohammed AR, Afrane YA, Kristan M, Walker T, Gomez LF, Messenger LA, Clark TG, Campino S. High-throughput barcoding method for the genetic surveillance of insecticide resistance and species identification in Anopheles gambiae complex malaria vectors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13893. [PMID: 35974073 PMCID: PMC9381500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of malaria vector species and the monitoring of insecticide resistance are essential to inform malaria control strategies and support the reduction of infections and disease. Genetic barcoding of mosquitoes is a useful tool to assist the high-throughput surveillance of insecticide resistance, discriminate between sibling species and to detect the presence of Plasmodium infections. In this study, we combined multiplex PCR, custom designed dual indexing, and Illumina next generation sequencing for high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-profiling of four species from the Anopheles (An.) gambiae complex (An. gambiae sensu stricto, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis and An. melas). By amplifying and sequencing only 14 genetic fragments (500 bp each), we were able to simultaneously detect Plasmodium infection; insecticide resistance-conferring SNPs in ace1, gste2, vgsc and rdl genes; the partial sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and intergenic spacers (IGS), Short INterspersed Elements (SINE), as well as mitochondrial genes (cox1 and nd4) for species identification and genetic diversity. Using this amplicon sequencing approach with the four selected An. gambiae complex species, we identified a total of 15 non-synonymous mutations in the insecticide target genes, including previously described mutations associated with resistance and two new mutations (F1525L in vgsc and D148E in gste2). Overall, we present a reliable and cost-effective high-throughput panel for surveillance of An. gambiae complex mosquitoes in malaria endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Campos
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jody Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anton Spadar
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emma Collins
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Adéritow Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Praia, 719, Cabo Verde
| | - Bethanie Pelloquin
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Natasha Marcella Vaselli
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anne Meiwald
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emma Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Caleb Stica
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - James Orsborne
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Moussa Sylla
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Constant Edi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Denka Camara
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé, BP. 595, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Abdul Rahim Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Asare Afrane
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Louisa A Messenger
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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21
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Liu Q, Johnson LJ, Applegate ER, Arfmann K, Jauregui R, Larking A, Mace WJ, Maclean P, Walker T, Johnson RD. Identification of Genetic Diversity, Pyrrocidine-Producing Strains and Transmission Modes of Endophytic Sarocladium zeae Fungi from Zea Crops. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071415. [PMID: 35889134 PMCID: PMC9316807 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to reveal the inherent genetic variation within the haploid fungi Sarocladium zeae isolated from diverse Zea germplasm, including modern Zea mays and its wild progenitors—the teosintes. In accordance with broad host relationship parameters, GBS analysis revealed significant host lineages of S. zeae genetic diversity, indicating that S. zeae genetic variation may associate with different evolutionary histories of host species or varieties. Based on a recently identified PKS-NRPS gene responsible for pyrrocidine biosynthesis in S. zeae fungi, a novel PCR assay was developed to discriminate pyrrocidine-producing S. zeae strains. This molecular method for screening bioactive strains of S. zeae is complementary to other approaches, such as chemical analyses. An eGFP-labelled S. zeae strain was also developed to investigate the endophytic transmission of S. zeae in Z. mays seedlings, which has further improved our understanding of the transmission modes of S. zeae endophytes in maize tissues.
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22
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Gysin G, Urbano P, Brandner-Garrod L, Begum S, Kristan M, Walker T, Hernández C, Ramírez JD, Messenger LA. Towards environmental detection of Chagas disease vectors and pathogen. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9849. [PMID: 35701602 PMCID: PMC9194887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease vector control relies on prompt, accurate identification of houses infested with triatomine bugs for targeted insecticide spraying. However, most current detection methods are laborious, lack standardization, have substantial operational costs and limited sensitivity, especially when triatomine bug densities are low or highly focal. We evaluated the use of FTA cards or cotton-tipped swabs to develop a low-technology, non-invasive method of detecting environmental DNA (eDNA) from both triatomine bugs and Trypanosoma cruzi for use in household surveillance in eastern Colombia, an endemic region for Chagas disease. Study findings demonstrated that Rhodnius prolixus eDNA, collected on FTA cards, can be detected at temperatures between 21 and 32 °C, when deposited by individual, recently blood-fed nymphs. Additionally, cotton-tipped swabs are a feasible tool for field sampling of both T. cruzi and R. prolixus eDNA in infested households and may be preferable due to their lower cost. eDNA detection should not yet replace current surveillance tools, but instead be evaluated in parallel as a more sensitive, higher-throughput, lower cost alternative. eDNA collection requires virtually no skills or resources in situ and therefore has the potential to be implemented in endemic communities as part of citizen science initiatives to control Chagas disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gysin
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Plutarco Urbano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas de la Orinoquia, Universidad Internacional del Trópico Americano (Unitrópico), Yopal, Colombia
| | - Luke Brandner-Garrod
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shahida Begum
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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23
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Quek S, Cerdeira L, Jeffries CL, Tomlinson S, Walker T, Hughes GL, Heinz E. Wolbachia endosymbionts in two Anopheles species indicates independent acquisitions and lack of prophage elements. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35446252 PMCID: PMC9453072 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia is a genus of obligate bacterial endosymbionts that infect a diverse range of arthropod species as well as filarial nematodes, with its single described species, Wolbachia pipientis, divided into several ‘supergroups’ based on multilocus sequence typing. Wolbachia strains in mosquitoes have been shown to inhibit the transmission of human pathogens, including Plasmodium malaria parasites and arboviruses. Despite their large host range, Wolbachia strains within the major malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes appear at low density, established solely on PCR-based methods. Questions have been raised as to whether this represents a true endosymbiotic relationship. However, recent definitive evidence for two distinct, high-density strains of supergroup B Wolbachia within Anopheles demeilloni and Anopheles moucheti has opened exciting possibilities to explore naturally occurring Wolbachia endosymbionts in Anopheles for biocontrol strategies to block Plasmodium transmission. Here, we utilize genomic analyses to demonstrate that both Wolbachia strains have retained all key metabolic and transport pathways despite their smaller genome size, with this reduction potentially attributable to degenerated prophage regions. Even with this reduction, we confirmed the presence of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) factor genes within both strains, with wAnD maintaining intact copies of these genes while the cifB gene was interrupted in wAnM, so functional analysis is required to determine whether wAnM can induce CI. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis indicates that these Wolbachia strains may have been introduced into these two Anopheles species via horizontal transmission events, rather than by ancestral acquisition and subsequent loss events in the Anopheles gambiae species complex. These are the first Wolbachia genomes, to our knowledge, that enable us to study the relationship between natural strain Plasmodium malaria parasites and their anopheline hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Quek
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Cerdeira
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire L Jeffries
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Grant L Hughes
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eva Heinz
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Zhu Y, Schrecke S, Tang S, Odenkirk MT, Walker T, Stover L, Lyu J, Zhang T, Russell D, Baker ES, Yan X, Laganowsky A. Cupric Ions Selectively Modulate TRAAK-Phosphatidylserine Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7048-7053. [PMID: 35421309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TRAAK and TREK2 are two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels and are modulated by diverse factors including temperature, membrane stretching, and lipids, such as phosphatidic acid. In addition, copper and zinc, both of which are essential for life, are known to regulate TREK2 and a number of other ion channels. However, the role of ions in the association of lipids with integral membrane proteins is poorly understood. Here, we discover cupric ions selectively modulate the binding of phosphatidylserine (PS) to TRAAK but not TREK2. Other divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+) bind both channels but have no impact on binding PS and other lipids. Additionally, TRAAK binds more avidly to Cu2+ and Zn2+ than TREK2. In the presence of Cu2+, TRAAK binds similarly to PS with different acyl chains, indicating a crucial role of the serine headgroup in coordinating Cu2+. High-resolution native mass spectrometry (MS) enables the determination of equilibrium binding constants for distinct Cu2+-bound stoichiometries and uncovered the highest coupling factor corresponds to a 1:1 PS-to-Cu2+ ratio. Interestingly, the next three highest coupling factors had a ∼1.5:1 PS-to-Cu2+ ratio. Our findings bring forth the role of cupric ions as an essential cofactor in selective TRAAK-PS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Samantha Schrecke
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shuli Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Melanie T Odenkirk
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Lauren Stover
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jixing Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Robinson B, Edwards JD, Kendzerska T, Pettit CL, Poirel D, Daly JM, Ammi M, Khalil M, Taillon PJ, Sandhu R, Mills S, Mulpuru S, Walker T, Percival V, Dolean V, Sarkar A. Comprehensive compartmental model and calibration algorithm for the study of clinical implications of the population-level spread of COVID-19: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052681. [PMID: 35273043 PMCID: PMC8914398 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complex dynamics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made obtaining reliable long-term forecasts of the disease progression difficult. Simple mechanistic models with deterministic parameters are useful for short-term predictions but have ultimately been unsuccessful in extrapolating the trajectory of the pandemic because of unmodelled dynamics and the unrealistic level of certainty that is assumed in the predictions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We propose a 22-compartment epidemiological model that includes compartments not previously considered concurrently, to account for the effects of vaccination, asymptomatic individuals, inadequate access to hospital care, post-acute COVID-19 and recovery with long-term health complications. Additionally, new connections between compartments introduce new dynamics to the system and provide a framework to study the sensitivity of model outputs to several concurrent effects, including temporary immunity, vaccination rate and vaccine effectiveness. Subject to data availability for a given region, we discuss a means by which population demographics (age, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, sex and geographical location) and clinically relevant information (different variants, different vaccines) can be incorporated within the 22-compartment framework. Considering a probabilistic interpretation of the parameters allows the model's predictions to reflect the current state of uncertainty about the model parameters and model states. We propose the use of a sparse Bayesian learning algorithm for parameter calibration and model selection. This methodology considers a combination of prescribed parameter prior distributions for parameters that are known to be essential to the modelled dynamics and automatic relevance determination priors for parameters whose relevance is questionable. This is useful as it helps prevent overfitting the available epidemiological data when calibrating the parameters of the proposed model. Population-level administrative health data will serve as partial observations of the model states. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approved by Carleton University's Research Ethics Board-B (clearance ID: 114596). Results will be made available through future publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Robinson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jodi D Edwards
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tetyana Kendzerska
- ICES, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris L Pettit
- US Naval Academy, Aerospace Engineering Department, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominique Poirel
- Royal Military College of Canada, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - John M Daly
- Independent Control Systems Engineer, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehdi Ammi
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Rimple Sandhu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Shirley Mills
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sunita Mulpuru
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Percival
- School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victorita Dolean
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
- Laboratoire J.A. Dieudonné, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Qiao P, Schrecke S, Walker T, McCabe JW, Lyu J, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Kumar S, Clemmer D, Russell DH, Laganowsky A. Entropy in the Molecular Recognition of Membrane Protein-Lipid Interactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12218-12224. [PMID: 34928154 PMCID: PMC8905501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular driving forces that underlie membrane protein-lipid interactions requires the characterization of their binding thermodynamics. Here, we employ variable-temperature native mass spectrometry to determine the thermodynamics of lipid binding events to the human G-protein-gated inward rectifier potassium channel, Kir3.2. The channel displays distinct thermodynamic strategies to engage phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphorylated forms thereof. The addition of a 4'-phosphate to PI results in an increase in favorable entropy. PI with two or more phosphates exhibits more complex binding, where lipids appear to bind two nonidentical sites on Kir3.2. Remarkably, the interaction of 4,5-bisphosphate PI with Kir3.2 is solely driven by a large, favorable change in entropy. Installment of a 3'-phosphate to PI(4,5)P2 results in an altered thermodynamic strategy. The acyl chain of the lipid has a marked impact on binding thermodynamics and, in some cases, enthalpy becomes favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Samantha Schrecke
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jacob W McCabe
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jixing Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Smriti Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Bandibabone J, McLoughlin C, N'Do S, Bantuzeko C, Byabushi V, Jeanberckmans M, Guardiola M, Zawadi B, Diabaté A, Prudhomme J, Walker T, Messenger LA. Investigating molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Malar J 2021; 20:464. [PMID: 34906124 PMCID: PMC8670120 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-04002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria vector control in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is plagued by several major challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of access to health care systems and preventative measures, and more recently the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance among Anopheles mosquitoes. Across 26 provinces, insecticide resistance has been reported from multiple sentinel sites. However, to date, investigation of molecular resistance mechanisms among Anopheles vector populations in DRC has been more limited. METHODS Adult Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Anopheles funestus s.l. were collected from two sites in Sud-Kivu province and one site in Haut-Uélé province and PCR-screened for the presence of 11 resistance mutations, to provide additional information on frequency of resistance mechanisms in the eastern DRC, and to critically evaluate the utility of these markers for prospective country-wide resistance monitoring. RESULTS L1014F-kdr and L1014S-kdr were present in 75.9% and 56.7% of An. gambiae s.l. screened, respectively, with some individuals harbouring both resistant alleles. Across the three study sites, L43F-CYP4J5 allele frequency ranged from 0.42 to 0.52, with evidence for ongoing selection. G119S-ace1 was also identified in all sites but at lower levels. A triple mutant haplotype (comprising the point mutation CYP6P4-I236M, the insertion of a partial Zanzibar-like transposable element and duplication of CYP6AA1) was present at high frequencies. In An. funestus s.l. cis-regulatory polymorphisms in CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b were detected, with allele frequencies ranging from 0.82 to 0.98 and 0.65 to 0.83, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study screened the most up-to-date panel of DNA-based resistance markers in An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. from the eastern DRC, where resistance data is lacking. Several new candidate markers (CYP4J5, G119S-ace1, the triple mutant, CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b) were identified, which are diagnostic of resistance to major insecticide classes, and warrant future, larger-scale monitoring in the DRC to inform vector control decisions by the National Malaria Control Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janvier Bandibabone
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN/Lwiro), Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Charles McLoughlin
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sévérin N'Do
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) OCBA, Barcelona, Spain
- Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)/Centre MURAZ, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Chimanuka Bantuzeko
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN/Lwiro), Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Vital Byabushi
- Kibali Gold Mine, Haut-Uele, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Bertin Zawadi
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN/Lwiro), Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Jorian Prudhomme
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) OCBA, Barcelona, Spain
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS - Université de Montpellier), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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28
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Weckesser P, Thielemann F, Wiater D, Wojciechowska A, Karpa L, Jachymski K, Tomza M, Walker T, Schaetz T. Observation of Feshbach resonances between a single ion and ultracold atoms. Nature 2021; 600:429-433. [PMID: 34912091 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The control of physical systems and their dynamics on the level of individual quanta underpins both fundamental science and quantum technologies. Trapped atomic and molecular systems, neutral1 and charged2, are at the forefront of quantum science. Their extraordinary level of control is evidenced by numerous applications in quantum information processing3,4 and quantum metrology5,6. Studies of the long-range interactions between these systems when combined in a hybrid atom-ion trap7,8 have led to landmark results9-19. However, reaching the ultracold regime-where quantum mechanics dominates the interaction, for example, giving access to controllable scattering resonances20,21-has so far been elusive. Here we demonstrate Feshbach resonances between ions and atoms, using magnetically tunable interactions between 138Ba+ ions and 6Li atoms. We tune the experimental parameters to probe different interaction processes-first, enhancing three-body reactions22,23 and the related losses to identify the resonances and then making two-body interactions dominant to investigate the ion's sympathetic cooling19 in the ultracold atomic bath. Our results provide deeper insights into atom-ion interactions, giving access to complex many-body systems24-27 and applications in experimental quantum simulation28-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Weckesser
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Fabian Thielemann
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dariusz Wiater
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Leon Karpa
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Freiburg, Germany.,Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michał Tomza
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Walker
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Freiburg, Germany.,EUCOR Centre for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaetz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Freiburg, Germany.,EUCOR Centre for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Ruan W, Fishman DS, Kramer RE, Walker T, Khalaf RT. Endoscopic Management of Button Batteries. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73:e48-e49. [PMID: 34016880 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenly Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Douglas S Fishman
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Robert E Kramer
- Digestive Health Institute & Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas Walker
- Digestive Health Institute & Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Racha T Khalaf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Southern Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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30
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31
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Tadesse FG, Ashine T, Teka H, Esayas E, Messenger LA, Chali W, Meerstein-Kessel L, Walker T, Wolde Behaksra S, Lanke K, Heutink R, Jeffries CL, Mekonnen DA, Hailemeskel E, Tebeje SK, Tafesse T, Gashaw A, Tsegaye T, Emiru T, Simon K, Bogale EA, Yohannes G, Kedir S, Shumie G, Sabir SA, Mumba P, Dengela D, Kolaczinski JH, Wilson A, Churcher TS, Chibsa S, Murphy M, Balkew M, Irish S, Drakeley C, Gadisa E, Bousema T. Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes as Vectors of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum, Horn of Africa, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:603-607. [PMID: 33496217 PMCID: PMC7853561 DOI: 10.3201/eid2702.200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, efficient vectors in parts of Asia and Africa, were found in 75.3% of water sources surveyed and contributed to 80.9% of wild-caught Anopheles mosquitoes in Awash Sebat Kilo, Ethiopia. High susceptibility of these mosquitoes to Plasmodium falciparum and vivax infection presents a challenge for malaria control in the Horn of Africa.
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32
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Di Capua J, Reid N, Som A, An T, Lopez D, So A, Di C, Walker T. Abstract No. 162 The effect of preprocedural renal failure on outcomes following infrainguinal endovascular arterial interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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33
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Walker T, Quek S, Jeffries CL, Bandibabone J, Dhokiya V, Bamou R, Kristan M, Messenger LA, Gidley A, Hornett EA, Anderson ER, Cansado-Utrilla C, Hegde S, Bantuzeko C, Stevenson JC, Lobo NF, Wagstaff SC, Nkondjio CA, Irish SR, Heinz E, Hughes GL. Stable high-density and maternally inherited Wolbachia infections in Anopheles moucheti and Anopheles demeilloni mosquitoes. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2310-2320.e5. [PMID: 33857432 PMCID: PMC8210651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia, a widespread bacterium that can reduce pathogen transmission in mosquitoes, has recently been reported to be present in Anopheles (An.) species. In wild populations of the An. gambiae complex, the primary vectors of Plasmodium malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa, Wolbachia DNA sequences at low density and infection frequencies have been detected. As the majority of studies have used highly sensitive nested PCR as the only method of detection, more robust evidence is required to determine whether Wolbachia strains are established as endosymbionts in Anopheles species. Here, we describe high-density Wolbachia infections in geographically diverse populations of An. moucheti and An. demeilloni. Fluorescent in situ hybridization localized a heavy infection in the ovaries of An. moucheti, and maternal transmission was observed. Genome sequencing of both Wolbachia strains obtained genome depths and coverages comparable to those of other known infections. Notably, homologs of cytoplasmic incompatibility factor (cif) genes were present, indicating that these strains possess the capacity to induce the cytoplasmic incompatibility phenotype, which allows Wolbachia to spread through host populations. These strains should be further investigated as candidates for use in Wolbachia biocontrol strategies in Anopheles aiming to reduce the transmission of malaria. High-density Wolbachia strains found in An. moucheti and An. demeilloni mosquitoes Infections are visualized in the ovaries, and maternal transmission was observed Sequencing at depths and coverages comparable to other known Wolbachia strains Homologs of cytoplasmic incompatibility factor genes are present in both genomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Shannon Quek
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire L Jeffries
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Janvier Bandibabone
- Laboratoire d'entomologie médicale et parasitologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN/LWIRO), Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Vishaal Dhokiya
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Roland Bamou
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B.P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Alexandra Gidley
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Emily A Hornett
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Enyia R Anderson
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cintia Cansado-Utrilla
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shivanand Hegde
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chimanuka Bantuzeko
- Laboratoire d'entomologie médicale et parasitologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN/LWIRO), Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jennifer C Stevenson
- Macha Research Trust, Choma District, Zambia; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil F Lobo
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Simon C Wagstaff
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christophe Antonio Nkondjio
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B.P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Seth R Irish
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Eva Heinz
- Departments of Vector Biology and Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Grant L Hughes
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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34
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Jeffries CL, Cansado-Utrilla C, Beavogui AH, Stica C, Lama EK, Kristan M, Irish SR, Walker T. Evidence for natural hybridization and novel Wolbachia strain superinfections in the Anopheles gambiae complex from Guinea. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:202032. [PMID: 33868697 PMCID: PMC8025300 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia, a widespread bacterium which can influence mosquito-borne pathogen transmission, has recently been detected within Anopheles (An.) species that are malaria vectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although studies have reported Wolbachia strains in the An. gambiae complex, apparent low density and prevalence rates require confirmation. In this study, wild Anopheles mosquitoes collected from two regions of Guinea were investigated. In contrast with previous studies, RNA was extracted from adult females (n = 516) to increase the chances for the detection of actively expressed Wolbachia genes, determine Wolbachia prevalence rates and estimate relative strain densities. Molecular confirmation of mosquito species and Wolbachia multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were carried out to analyse phylogenetic relationships of mosquito hosts and newly discovered Wolbachia strains. Strains were detected in An. melas (prevalence rate of 11.6%-16/138) and hybrids between An. melas and An. gambiae sensu stricto (prevalence rate of 40.0%-6/15) from Senguelen in the Maferinyah region. Furthermore, a novel high-density strain, termed wAnsX, was found in an unclassified Anopheles species. The discovery of novel Wolbachia strains (particularly in members, and hybrids, of the An. gambiae complex) provides further candidate strains that could be used for future Wolbachia-based malaria biocontrol strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Jeffries
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Cintia Cansado-Utrilla
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Abdoul H. Beavogui
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Mafèrinyah B.P. 2649, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Caleb Stica
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Eugene K. Lama
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Guinée, B.P. 6339 Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Seth R. Irish
- The US President's Malaria Initiative and Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Patel S, Shannon D, Eldridge W, El-Ters N, Hanford J, Walker T, Scheer A, Jones E, Linwood K, Aragon N, Dunscombe L, Gerbes J, Srinivasan N, Vachharajani A. Understanding umbilical venous catheter insertion practices through a prospective multicenter observational study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:5043-5048. [PMID: 33530795 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1874908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand practices of umbilical venous catheter (UVC) insertion in tertiary level neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and investigate the outcomes of subsequent attempts following a failed initial attempt. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, multi-center observational study of UVC insertions at tertiary level NICUs between March 2019 and January 2020. RESULTS Of the 101 UVCs inserted at 4 centers, seventy-two (71%) were central at the first attempt and 50% were central at subsequent attempts. Patients with at least 1 failed attempt at insertion were less likely to have a centrally placed UVC (p = .009). Manipulations were less likely to be required when UVC was centrally placed during the first attempt. Maneuvers such as posterior liver mobilization used during insertion were likely to be associated with successful central placement of UVC (p = .0243). The time to complete the procedure was significantly less when the UVC was central at the first attempt (34.2 ± 20.2 vs 46.9 ± 33.8) (p = .0292). Gestational age, birth weight, and age of the baby at the insertion of the UVC, experience of the provider, and type of catheter were comparable among groups. The Shukla formula was most commonly used by providers to measure the depth of UVC placement. CONCLUSION Repetitive attempts and manipulations were less likely to be beneficial in the successful central placement of UVC in neonates. Additionally, repetitive attempts at insertion prolonged the overall duration of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Oak Park, IL, USA
| | - D Shannon
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - W Eldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Joseph Women's Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - N El-Ters
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Hanford
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - T Walker
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - A Scheer
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - E Jones
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - K Linwood
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - N Aragon
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - L Dunscombe
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J Gerbes
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - N Srinivasan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Oak Park, IL, USA
| | - A Vachharajani
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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Jeffries CL, White M, Wilson L, Yakob L, Walker T. Detection of Cell-Fusing Agent virus across ecologically diverse populations of Aedes aegypti on the Caribbean island of Saint Lucia. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:149. [PMID: 33869790 PMCID: PMC8030115 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16030.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Outbreaks of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have recently occurred in the Caribbean. The geographical range of the principal vectors responsible for transmission, Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus are increasing and greater mosquito surveillance is needed in the Caribbean given international tourism is so prominent. The island of Saint Lucia has seen outbreaks of DENV and CHIKV in the past five years but vector surveillance has been limited with the last studies dating back to the late 1970s. Natural disasters have changed the landscape of Saint Lucia and the island has gone through significant urbanisation. Methods. In this study, we conducted an entomological survey of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distribution across the island and analysed environmental parameters associated with the presence of these species in addition to screening for medically important arboviruses and other flaviviruses. Results. Although we collected Ae. aegypti across a range of sites across the island, no Ae. albopictus were collected despite traps being placed in diverse ecological settings. The number of Ae. aegypti collected was significantly associated with higher elevation, and semi-urban settings yielded female mosquito counts per trap-day that were five-fold lower than urban settings. Screening for arboviruses revealed a high prevalence of cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV). Conclusions. Outbreaks of arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have a history of occurring in small tropical islands and Saint Lucia is particularly vulnerable given the limited resources available to undertake vector control and manage outbreaks. Surveillance strategies can identify risk areas for predicting future outbreaks. Further research is needed to determine the diversity of current mosquito species, investigate insect-specific viruses, as well as pathogenic arboviruses, and this should also be extended to the neighbouring smaller Caribbean islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Jeffries
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mia White
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Louisia Wilson
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Laith Yakob
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Meiwald A, Clark E, Kristan M, Edi C, Jeffries CL, Pelloquin B, Irish SR, Walker T, Messenger LA. Reduced long-lasting insecticidal net efficacy and pyrethroid insecticide resistance are associated with over-expression of CYP6P4, CYP6P3 and CYP6Z1 in populations of Anopheles coluzzii from South-East Côte d'Ivoire. J Infect Dis 2020; 225:1424-1434. [PMID: 33175129 PMCID: PMC9016462 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to major public health insecticides in Côte d’Ivoire has intensified and now threatens the long-term effectiveness of malaria vector control interventions. Methods This study evaluated the bioefficacy of conventional and next-generation long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), determined resistance profiles, and characterized molecular and metabolic mechanisms in wild Anopheles coluzzii from Southeast Côte d’Ivoire in 2019. Results Phenotypic resistance was intense: >25% of mosquitoes survived exposure to 10 times the doses of pyrethroids required to kill susceptible populations. Similarly, the 24-hour mortality rate with deltamethrin-only LLINs was very low and not significantly different from that with an untreated net. Sublethal pyrethroid exposure did not induce significant delayed vector mortality effects 72 hours later. In contrast, LLINs containing the synergist piperonyl butoxide, or new insecticides clothianidin and chlorfenapyr, were highly toxic to A. coluzzii. Pyrethroid-susceptible A. coluzzii were significantly more likely to be infected with malaria, compared with those that survived insecticidal exposure. Pyrethroid resistance was associated with significant overexpression of CYP6P4, CYP6P3, and CYP6Z1. Conclusions Study findings raise concerns regarding the operational failure of standard LLINs and support the urgent deployment of vector control interventions incorporating piperonyl butoxide, chlorfenapyr, or clothianidin in areas of high resistance intensity in Côte d’Ivoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Meiwald
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Clark
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Constant Edi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan 01, BP 1303, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Claire L Jeffries
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bethanie Pelloquin
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seth R Irish
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative and Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Stewart J, Stewart P, Walker T, Horner DV, Lucas B, White K, Muggleton A, Morris M, Selby NM, Taal MW. A Feasibility Study of Non-Invasive Continuous Estimation of Brachial Pressure Derived From Arterial and Venous Lines During Dialysis. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med 2020; 9:2700209. [PMID: 33200053 PMCID: PMC7665243 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2020.3035988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Intradialytic haemodynamic instability is a significant clinical problem, leading to end-organ ischaemia and contributing to morbidity and mortality in haemodialysis patients. Non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitoring is not currently part of routine practice but may aid detection and prevention of significant falls in blood pressure during dialysis. Brachial blood pressure is currently recorded intermittently during haemodialysis via a sphygmomanometer. Current methods of continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring tend to restrict movement, can be sensitive to external disturbances and patient movement, and can be uncomfortable for the wearer. Additionally, poor patient blood circulation can lead to unreliable measurements. In this feasibility study we performed an initial validation of a novel method and associated technology to continuously estimate blood pressure using pressure sensors in the extra-corporeal dialysis circuit, which does not require any direct contact with the person receiving dialysis treatment. Method: The paper describes the development of the measurement system and subsequent in vivo patient feasibility study with concurrent measurement validation by Finapres Nova physiological measurement device. Real-time physiological data is collected over the entire period of (typically 4-hour) dialysis treatment. Results: We identify a quasi-linear mathematical function to describe the relationship between arterial line pressure and brachial artery BP, which is confirmed in a patient study. The results from this observational study suggest that it is feasible to derive a continuous measurement of brachial pressure from continuous measurements of arterial and venous line pressures via an empirically based and updated mathematical model. Conclusion: The methodology presented requires no interfacing to proprietary dialysis machine systems, no sensors to be attached to the patient directly, and is robust to patient movement during treatment and also to the effects of the cyclical pressure waveforms induced by the hemodialysis peristaltic blood pump. This represents a key enabling factor to the development of a practical continuous blood pressure monitoring device for dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Stewart
- School of Health and Social CareUniversity of DerbyDerbyDE22 1GBU.K
| | - Paul Stewart
- School of Health and Social CareUniversity of DerbyDerbyDE22 1GBU.K
| | - Thomas Walker
- School of Health and Social CareUniversity of DerbyDerbyDE22 1GBU.K
| | - Daniela Viramontes Horner
- Centre for Kidney Research and InnovationUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDU.K.,Renal UnitRoyal Derby HospitalDerbyDE22 3NEU.K
| | - Bethany Lucas
- Centre for Kidney Research and InnovationUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDU.K.,Renal UnitRoyal Derby HospitalDerbyDE22 3NEU.K
| | - Kelly White
- Renal UnitRoyal Derby HospitalDerbyDE22 3NEU.K
| | | | - Mel Morris
- MStart Foundation and iTrend Medical Research Ltd.DerbyDE24 8DZU.K
| | - Nicholas M Selby
- Centre for Kidney Research and InnovationUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDU.K.,Renal UnitRoyal Derby HospitalDerbyDE22 3NEU.K
| | - Maarten W Taal
- Centre for Kidney Research and InnovationUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDU.K.,Renal UnitRoyal Derby HospitalDerbyDE22 3NEU.K
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Hossenbaccus L, Steacy L, Walker T, Malone C, Ellis A. A072 HOUSE DUST MITE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE UNIT: CLINICAL VALIDATION OF A MODEL FOR PERENNIAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Khalaf RT, Ruan W, Orkin S, Wilsey M, Fishman DS, Mallon D, Pan Z, Hazleton KZ, Kramer RE, Walker T. Gastric injury secondary to button battery ingestions: a retrospective multicenter review. Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 92:276-283. [PMID: 32334020 PMCID: PMC7422336 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Removal of gastric button batteries (BBs) remains controversial. Our aim was to better define the spectrum of injury and to characterize clinical factors associated with injury from retained gastric BBs. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study from January 2014 through May 2018, pediatric gastroenterologists from 4 pediatric tertiary care centers identified patients, aged 0 to 18 years, who had a retained gastric BB on radiography and subsequently underwent endoscopic assessment. Demographic and clinical information were abstracted from electronic health records using a standard data collection form. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients with a median age of 2.5 years underwent endoscopic retrieval of a gastric BB. At presentation, 17 (25%) were symptomatic. Duration from ingestion to endoscopic removal was known for 65 patients (median, 9 hours [interquartile range, 5-19]). Median time from ingestion to first radiographic evaluation was 2 hours. At endoscopic removal, 60% of cases had visual evidence of mucosal damage, which correlated with duration of BB retention (P = .0018). Time to retrieval of the BB was not statistically significant between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects (P = .12). After adjusting for age and symptoms, the likelihood of visualizing gastric damage among patients who had BBs removed 12 hours post ingestion was 4.5 times that compared with those with BB removal within 12 hours of ingestion. CONCLUSIONS In this study, swallowed BBs posed a risk of damage to the stomach, including a single case of impaction and perforation of the gastric wall. Clinicians may want to consider retrieval within 12 hours of ingestion of gastric BBs. Larger prospective studies to assess risk of injury are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racha T. Khalaf
- Digestive Health Institute & Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Corresponding Author: , Address: 13123 East 16th Avenue PO Box 290, Aurora, CO 80045, Phone: 720-777-6669, Fax: 720-777-7277
| | - Wenly Ruan
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah Orkin
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael Wilsey
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Douglas S. Fishman
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Mallon
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Biostatistics Core of Children’s Hospital Colorado Research Institute, Aurora, CO
| | - Keith Z. Hazleton
- Digestive Health Institute & Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Robert E. Kramer
- Digestive Health Institute & Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas Walker
- Digestive Health Institute & Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Jeffries CL, White M, Wilson L, Yakob L, Walker T. Detection of a novel insect-specific flavivirus across ecologically diverse populations of Aedes aegypti on the Caribbean island of Saint Lucia. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:149. [PMID: 33869790 PMCID: PMC8030115 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16030.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Outbreaks of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have recently occurred in the Caribbean. The geographical range of the principle vectors responsible for transmission, Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus is increasing and greater mosquito surveillance is needed in the Caribbean given international tourism is so prominent. The island of Saint Lucia has seen outbreaks of DENV and CHIKV in the past five years but vector surveillance has been limited with the last studies dating back to the late 1970s. Natural disasters have changed the landscape of Saint Lucia and the island has gone through significant urbanisation. Methods. In this study, we conducted an entomological survey of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distribution across the island and analysed environmental parameters associated with the presence of these species in addition to screening for medically important arboviruses and other flaviviruses. Results. Although we collected Ae. aegypti across a range of sites across the island, no Ae. albopictus were collected despite traps being placed in diverse ecological settings. The number of Ae. aegypti collected was significantly associated with higher elevation, and semi-urban settings yielded female mosquito counts per trap-day that were five-fold lower than urban settings. Screening for arboviruses revealed a high prevalence of a novel insect-specific flavivirus closely related to cell fusing agent virus (CFAV). Conclusions. Outbreaks of arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have a history of occurring in small tropical islands and Saint Lucia is particularly vulnerable given the limited resources available to undertake vector control and manage outbreaks. Surveillance strategies can identify risk areas for predicting future outbreaks and further research is needed to determine the diversity of current mosquito species and this should be extended to the neighbouring smaller Caribbean islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Jeffries
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mia White
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Louisia Wilson
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Laith Yakob
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Walker T, Gramlich D, Dumont-Bergeron A. The Case for a Plastic Tax: A Review of Its Benefits and Disadvantages Within a Circular Economy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/s2514-175920200000004010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Azeka E, Walker T, Siqueira AWDS, Penha J, Miana L, Caneo LF, Massoti MR, Tanamati C, Miura N, Jatene MB. Heart Retransplantation for Coronary Allograft Vasculopathy in Children: 25 Years of Single-Center Experience. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:1394-1396. [PMID: 32387081 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric end-stage heart disease is surgically managed by heart transplantation. A major complication of primary transplantation (PTx) is coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV), a form of accelerated atherosclerosis. Retransplantation (RTx) has been the management of CAV; however, there is limited comprehensive literature on this subject. Here we report 25 years of single-center experience in managing CAV with RTx and place it in the context of recent studies. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was undertaken on patients who underwent PTx <18 years old and subsequent RTx due to CAV at the Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School between 1992 and 2018. The maintenance immunosuppression protocol was double immunosuppression. For both PTx and RTx, quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted for transplantation indication, donor/recipient demographics, post-transplant survival, rejection, infection, and immunosuppression. RESULTS Between 1992 and 2018, 200 children underwent heart transplantation. Ten re-transplantations were performed, for which 7 (70%) were for CAV. Ages at RTx ranged from 11.5 to 29.3 years (19.1 ± 5.68 years; median 18.2 years). The mean time between PTx and RTx was 12.9 ± 3.4 years (median 13.4 years). The Kaplan-Meier survival rate at 1 month, 3 years, and 5 years was 85.7%, 71.5%, and 47.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Cardiac RTx can be a management option for CAV in patients who have undergone PTx in childhood with double immunosuppression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Azeka
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thomas Walker
- University of Southampton Medical School, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Juliano Penha
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Miana
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Caneo
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Raquel Massoti
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Tanamati
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nana Miura
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cansado-Utrilla C, Jeffries CL, Kristan M, Brugman VA, Heard P, Camara G, Sylla M, Beavogui AH, Messenger LA, Irish SR, Walker T. An assessment of adult mosquito collection techniques for studying species abundance and diversity in Maferinyah, Guinea. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:150. [PMID: 32209116 PMCID: PMC7092564 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several mosquito collection methods are routinely used in vector control programmes. However, they target different behaviours causing bias in estimation of species diversity and abundance. Given the paucity of mosquito trap data in West Africa, we compared the performance of five trap-lure combinations and Human Landing Catches (HLCs) in Guinea. Methods CDC light traps (LT), BG sentinel 2 traps (BG2T), gravid traps (GT) and Stealth traps (ST) were compared in a 5 × 5 Latin Square design in three villages in Guinea between June and July 2018. The ST, a portable trap which performs similarly to a LT but incorporates LEDs and incandescent light, was included since it has not been widely tested. BG2T were used with BG and MB5 lures instead of CO2 to test the efficacy of these attractants. HLCs were performed for 5 nights, but not as part of the Latin Square. A Generalised Linear Mixed Model was applied to compare the effect of the traps, sites and collection times on mosquito abundance. Species identification was confirmed using PCR-based analysis and Sanger sequencing. Results A total of 10,610 mosquitoes were captured across five traps. ST collected significantly more mosquitoes (7096) than the rest of the traps, but resulted in a higher number of damaged specimens. ST and BG2T collected the highest numbers of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, respectively. HLCs captured predominantly An. coluzzii (41%) and hybrids of An. gambiae and An. coluzzii (36%) in contrast to the five traps, which captured predominantly An. melas (83%). The rural site (Senguelen) presented the highest abundance of mosquitoes and overall diversity in comparison with Fandie (semi-rural) and Maferinyah Centre I (semi-urban). Our results confirm the presence of four species for the first time in Guinea. Conclusions ST collected the highest number of mosquitoes suggesting this trap may play an important role for mosquito surveillance in Guinea and similar sites in West Africa. We recommend the incorporation of molecular tools in entomological studies since they have helped to identify 25 mosquito species in this area.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Cansado-Utrilla
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Claire L Jeffries
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Victor A Brugman
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Patrick Heard
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Gnepou Camara
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Sante Rurale de Maferinyah, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Moussa Sylla
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Sante Rurale de Maferinyah, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Abdoul H Beavogui
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Sante Rurale de Maferinyah, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA.,American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Seth R Irish
- Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA.,The US President's Malaria Initiative and Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Abstract
IntroductionThe number of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) available is increasing. Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are one of many NPS sold. SC aim to emulate the effects of natural cannabis by acting on cannabinoid receptors. Despite much research into pharmacology, there is limited data on the user experience of SC.AimIt is useful for psychiatrists, to understand what experiences people have whilst on illicit substances. The aim of this qualitative study is to gain an initial understanding of what characterizes the experiences of those who use SC.MethodFourty anonymously written online reports were collected from the “Erowid experience vaults” and analysed using the Empirical Phenomenological Psychological Method.ResultsThe analysis yielded 488 meaning units (MU). These were grouped into 36 categories revealing 5 broad themes: (1) physical affects; (2) sensory distortions and distortions of perception; (3) emotional and psychological effects; (4) re-dosing, addiction and comedown effects; (5) similarities to other substances.ConclusionSynthetic cannabinoids have a mixed effect on users with a myriad of experiences reported. Some experienced positive results from their usage such as euphoria and relaxation, however these were counter balanced by those who experienced some serious negative emotional and physical side effects such as anxiety, paranoia, palpitations and convulsions. SC appear to often emulate that of their natural counterpart, yet there is an unpredictability to them which can end with serious consequences. Online forum content gives us a strong base understanding of users experiences of SC. Further research is required to elucidate a more nuanced understanding.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Zdora MC, Zanette I, Walker T, Phillips NW, Smith R, Deyhle H, Ahmed S, Thibault P. X-ray phase imaging with the unified modulated pattern analysis of near-field speckles at a laboratory source. Appl Opt 2020; 59:2270-2275. [PMID: 32225757 DOI: 10.1364/ao.384531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
X-ray phase-contrast techniques are powerful methods for discerning features with similar densities, which are normally indistinguishable with conventional absorption contrast. While these techniques are well-established tools at large-scale synchrotron facilities, efforts have increasingly focused on implementations at laboratory sources for widespread use. X-ray speckle-based imaging is one of the phase-contrast techniques with high potential for translation to conventional x-ray systems. It yields phase-contrast, transmission, and dark-field images with high sensitivity using a relatively simple and cost-effective setup tolerant to divergent and polychromatic beams. Recently, we have introduced the unified modulated pattern analysis (UMPA) [Phys. Rev. Lett.118, 203903 (2017)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.118.203903], which further simplifies the translation of x-ray speckle-based imaging to low-brilliance sources. Here, we present the proof-of-principle implementation of UMPA speckle-based imaging at a microfocus liquid-metal-jet x-ray laboratory source.
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Di Capua J, Di Capua C, Grenier R, Lopez D, Walker T. 3:54 PM Abstract No. 314 The effect of age as a postoperative risk factor following lower extremity endovascular arterial interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Orsborne J, Mohammed AR, Jeffries CL, Kristan M, Afrane YA, Walker T, Yakob L. Evidence of extrinsic factors dominating intrinsic blood host preferences of major African malaria vectors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:741. [PMID: 31959845 PMCID: PMC6971008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key determinants of a haematophagous vector’s capacity to transmit pathogens is its selection of which host to secure a blood meal from. This choice is influenced by both intrinsic (genetic) and extrinsic (environmental) factors, but little is known of their relative contributions. Blood fed Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from a malaria endemic village in Ghana. Collections were conducted across a range of different host availabilities and from both indoor and outdoor locations. These environmental factors were shown to impact dramatically the host choice of caught malaria vectors: mosquitoes caught indoors were ten-fold more likely to have sourced their blood meal from humans; and a halving in odds of being human-fed was found for mosquitoes caught only 25 m from the centre of the village. For the first time, we demonstrate that anthropophagy was better explained by extrinsic factors (namely, local host availability and indoor/outdoor trapping location) than intrinsic factors (namely, the (sibling) species of the mosquito caught) (respective Akaike information criterion estimates: 243.0 versus 359.8). Instead of characterizing biting behaviour on a taxonomic level, we illustrate the importance of assessing local entomology. Accounting for this behavioural plasticity is important, both in terms of measuring effectiveness of control programmes and in informing optimal disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Orsborne
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Abdul Rahim Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Claire L Jeffries
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Yaw A Afrane
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laith Yakob
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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49
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Mawer D, Byrne F, Drake S, Brown C, Prescott A, Warne B, Bousfield R, Skittrall JP, Ramsay I, Somasunderam D, Bevan M, Coslett J, Rao J, Stanley P, Kennedy A, Dobson R, Long S, Obisanya T, Esmailji T, Petridou C, Saeed K, Brechany K, Davis-Blue K, O'Horan H, Wake B, Martin J, Featherstone J, Hall C, Allen J, Johnson G, Hornigold C, Amir N, Henderson K, McClements C, Liew I, Deshpande A, Vink E, Trigg D, Guilfoyle J, Scarborough M, Scarborough C, Wong THN, Walker T, Fawcett N, Morris G, Tomlin K, Grix C, O'Cofaigh E, McCaffrey D, Cooper M, Corbett K, French K, Harper S, Hayward C, Reid M, Whatley V, Winfield J, Hoque S, Kelly L, King I, Bradley A, McCullagh B, Hibberd C, Merron M, McCabe C, Horridge S, Taylor J, Koo S, Elsanousi F, Saunders R, Lim F, Bond A, Stone S, Milligan ID, Mack DJF, Nagar A, West RM, Wilcox MH, Kirby A, Sandoe JAT. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence, causes and management of hospital-onset diarrhoea. J Hosp Infect 2019; 103:200-209. [PMID: 31077777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Health Service in England advises hospitals collect data on hospital-onset diarrhoea (HOD). Contemporaneous data on HOD are lacking. AIM To investigate prevalence, aetiology and management of HOD on medical, surgical and elderly-care wards. METHODS A cross-sectional study in a volunteer sample of UK hospitals, which collected data on one winter and one summer day in 2016. Patients admitted ≥72 h were screened for HOD (definition: ≥2 episodes of Bristol Stool Type 5-7 the day before the study, with diarrhoea onset >48 h after admission). Data on HOD aetiology and management were collected prospectively. FINDINGS Data were collected on 141 wards in 32 hospitals (16 acute, 16 teaching). Point-prevalence of HOD was 4.5% (230/5142 patients; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9-5.0%). Teaching hospital HOD prevalence (5.9%, 95% CI 5.1-6.9%) was twice that of acute hospitals (2.8%, 95% CI 2.1-3.5%; odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-3.0). At least one potential cause was identified in 222/230 patients (97%): 107 (47%) had a relevant underlying condition, 125 (54%) were taking antimicrobials, and 195 (85%) other medication known to cause diarrhoea. Nine of 75 tested patients were Clostridium difficile toxin positive (4%). Eighty (35%) patients had a documented medical assessment of diarrhoea. Documentation of HOD in medical notes correlated with testing for C. difficile (78% of those tested vs 38% not tested, P<0.001). One-hundred and forty-four (63%) patients were not isolated following diarrhoea onset. CONCLUSION HOD is a prevalent symptom affecting thousands of patients across the UK health system each day. Most patients had multiple potential causes of HOD, mainly iatrogenic, but only a third had medical assessment. Most were not tested for C. difficile and were not isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mawer
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - F Byrne
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - S Drake
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - C Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A Prescott
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - B Warne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - R Bousfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - J P Skittrall
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, UK
| | - I Ramsay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - D Somasunderam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M Bevan
- Department of Infection Prevention, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK
| | - J Coslett
- Department of Infection Prevention, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK
| | - J Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, S75 2EP, UK
| | - P Stanley
- Infection Prevention and Control, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - A Kennedy
- Infection Prevention and Control, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - R Dobson
- Infection Prevention and Control, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - S Long
- Department of Microbiology, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, BB2 3HH, UK
| | - T Obisanya
- Department of Microbiology, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, BB2 3HH, UK
| | - T Esmailji
- Department of Microbiology, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, BB2 3HH, UK
| | - C Petridou
- Department of Microbiology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, SO22 5DG, UK
| | - K Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, SO22 5DG, UK
| | - K Brechany
- Department of Microbiology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, SO22 5DG, UK
| | - K Davis-Blue
- Department of Microbiology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, SO22 5DG, UK
| | - H O'Horan
- Department of Microbiology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, SO22 5DG, UK
| | - B Wake
- Department of Microbiology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, SO22 5DG, UK
| | - J Martin
- Department of Microbiology, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, HG2 7SX, UK
| | - J Featherstone
- Department of Microbiology, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, HG2 7SX, UK
| | - C Hall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - J Allen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - G Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - C Hornigold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - N Amir
- Department of Microbiology, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, WF1 4DG, UK
| | - K Henderson
- Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock, PA16 0XN, UK
| | - C McClements
- Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock, PA16 0XN, UK
| | - I Liew
- Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock, PA16 0XN, UK
| | - A Deshpande
- Department of Microbiology, Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock, PA16 0XN, UK
| | - E Vink
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - D Trigg
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - J Guilfoyle
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - M Scarborough
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - C Scarborough
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - T H N Wong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - T Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - N Fawcett
- Department of Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - G Morris
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - K Tomlin
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - C Grix
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - E O'Cofaigh
- Department of Medicine, Friarage Hospital, South Tees Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Northallerton, DL6 1JG, UK
| | - D McCaffrey
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesborough, TS4 3BW, UK
| | - M Cooper
- Department of Microbiology, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - K Corbett
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - K French
- Department of Microbiology, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - S Harper
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - C Hayward
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - M Reid
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - V Whatley
- Corporate Support Services, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - J Winfield
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - S Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, Torbay and South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, UK
| | - L Kelly
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Torbay and South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, UK
| | - I King
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT16 1RH, UK
| | - A Bradley
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT16 1RH, UK
| | - B McCullagh
- Pharmacy Department, Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT16 1RH, UK
| | - C Hibberd
- Pharmacy Department, Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT16 1RH, UK
| | - M Merron
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT16 1RH, UK
| | - C McCabe
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT16 1RH, UK
| | - S Horridge
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Coventry, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire, Warwick, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - J Taylor
- Department of Virology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Coventry, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire, Warwick, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - S Koo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - F Elsanousi
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - R Saunders
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - F Lim
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - A Bond
- Department of Microbiology, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, YO31 8HE, UK
| | - S Stone
- Royal Free Campus, University College Medical School, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - I D Milligan
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - D J F Mack
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - A Nagar
- Department of Microbiology, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Bush Road, Antrim, BT41 2RL, UK
| | - R M West
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M H Wilcox
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A Kirby
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J A T Sandoe
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Stica C, Jeffries CL, Irish SR, Barry Y, Camara D, Yansane I, Kristan M, Walker T, Messenger LA. Characterizing the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae in Faranah, Guinea. Malar J 2019; 18:244. [PMID: 31315630 PMCID: PMC6637595 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) has greatly reduced malaria transmission. However, malaria remains a global public health concern with the majority of the disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Insecticide resistance is a growing problem among Anopheles vector populations, with potential implications for the continued effectiveness of available control interventions. Improved understanding of current resistance levels and underlying mechanisms is essential to design appropriate management strategies and to mitigate future selection for resistance. METHODS Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes were collected from three villages in Faranah Prefecture, Guinea and their levels of susceptibility to seven insecticides were measured using CDC resistance intensity bioassays. Synergist assays with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were also undertaken to assess the role of elevated mixed-function oxidases in resistance. Five hundred and sixty-three mosquitoes underwent molecular characterization of vector species, presence of target site mutations (L1014F kdr, N1575Y and G119S Ace-1), Plasmodium falciparum infection, and relative expression of three metabolic genes (CYP6M2, CYP6P3 and GSTD3). RESULTS In Faranah, resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin was observed, as well as possible resistance to bendiocarb. All assayed vector populations were fully susceptible to alpha-cypermethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, clothianidin and chlorfenapyr. Plasmodium falciparum infection was detected in 7.3% (37/508) of mosquitoes tested. The L1014F kdr mutation was found in 100% of a sub-sample of 60 mosquitoes, supporting its fixation in the region. The N1575Y mutation was identified in 20% (113/561) of individuals, with ongoing selection evidenced by significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The G119S Ace-1 mutation was detected in 62.1% (18/29) of mosquitoes tested and was highly predictive of bendiocarb bioassay survival. The metabolic resistance genes, CYP6M2, CYP6P3 and GSTD3, were found to be overexpressed in wild resistant and susceptible An. gambiae sensu stricto populations, compared to a susceptible G3 colony. Furthermore, CYP6P3 was significantly overexpressed in bendiocarb survivors, implicating its potential role in carbamate resistance in Faranah. CONCLUSIONS Identification of intense resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin in Faranah, is of concern, as the Guinea National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) relies exclusively on the distribution of pyrethroid-treated LLINs for vector control. Study findings will be used to guide current and future control strategies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Stica
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Claire L Jeffries
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Seth R Irish
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, President's Malaria Initiative, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaya Barry
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé, BP. 595, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Denka Camara
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé, BP. 595, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Mojca Kristan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street NW, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.
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