1
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Horvath M, Dhar S, Das A, Frye MD, Guo Y, Hutson JM, Landini M, Nägerl HC. Bose-Einstein condensation of non-ground-state caesium atoms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3739. [PMID: 38702339 PMCID: PMC11068738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms serve as low-entropy sources for a multitude of quantum-science applications, ranging from quantum simulation and quantum many-body physics to proof-of-principle experiments in quantum metrology and quantum computing. For stability reasons, in the majority of cases the energetically lowest-lying atomic spin state is used. Here, we report the Bose-Einstein condensation of caesium atoms in the Zeeman-excited mf = 2 state, realizing a non-ground-state Bose-Einstein condensate with tunable interactions and tunable loss. We identify two regions of magnetic field in which the two-body relaxation rate is low enough that condensation is possible. We characterize the phase transition and quantify the loss processes, finding unusually high three-body losses in one of the two regions. Our results open up new possibilities for the mixing of quantum-degenerate gases, for polaron and impurity physics, and in particular for the study of impurity transport in strongly correlated one-dimensional quantum wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Horvath
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sudipta Dhar
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arpita Das
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1~3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Frye
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Yanliang Guo
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Manuele Landini
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanns-Christoph Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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van de Kraats J, Ahmed-Braun DJM, Li JL, Kokkelmans SJJMF. Emergent Inflation of the Efimov Spectrum under Three-Body Spin-Exchange Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:133402. [PMID: 38613304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We resolve the unexpected and long-standing disagreement between experiment and theory in the Efimovian three-body spectrum of ^{7}Li, commonly referred to as the lithium few-body puzzle. Our results show that the discrepancy arises out of the presence of strong nonuniversal three-body spin-exchange interactions, which enact an effective inflation of the universal Efimov spectrum. This conclusion is obtained from a thorough numerical solution of the quantum mechanical three-body problem, including precise interatomic interactions and all spin degrees of freedom for three alkali-metal atoms. Our results show excellent agreement with the experimental data regarding both the Efimov spectrum and the absolute rate constants of three-body recombination, and in addition reveal a general product propensity for such triatomic reactions in the Paschen-Back regime, stemming from Wigner's spin conservation rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van de Kraats
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - D J M Ahmed-Braun
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J-L Li
- Institut für Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQ ST, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - S J J M F Kokkelmans
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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3
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Yudkin Y, Elbaz R, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Khaykovich L. Reshaped three-body interactions and the observation of an Efimov state in the continuum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2127. [PMID: 38459026 PMCID: PMC10923905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Efimov trimers are exotic three-body quantum states that emerge from the different types of three-body continua in the vicinity of two-atom Feshbach resonances. In particular, as the strength of the interaction is decreased to a critical point, an Efimov state merges into the atom-dimer threshold and eventually dissociates into an unbound atom-dimer pair. Here we explore the Efimov state in the vicinity of this critical point using coherent few-body spectroscopy in 7Li atoms using a narrow two-body Feshbach resonance. Contrary to the expectation, we find that the 7Li Efimov trimer does not immediately dissociate when passing the threshold, and survives as a metastable state embedded in the atom-dimer continuum. We identify this behavior with a universal phenomenon related to the emergence of a repulsive interaction in the atom-dimer channel which reshapes the three-body interactions in any system characterized by a narrow Feshbach resonance. Specifically, our results shed light on the nature of 7Li Efimov states and provide a path to understand various puzzling phenomena associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Yudkin
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Roy Elbaz
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lev Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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4
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Kruglov VI. Lambda transition and Bose-Einstein condensation in liquid ^{4}He. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014128. [PMID: 38366479 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We present the theory describing Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and superfluidity in a liquid ^{4}He based on the concept that for some temperature interval, there exist metastable diatomic clusters or diatomic quasiparticles which are the bound states of two atoms of ^{4}He. It is shown that in liquid ^{4}He for the temperature region 1K≤T≤T_{λ} diatomic quasiparticles macroscopically populate the ground state which leads to BEC in liquid ^{4}He. The approach yields the lambda temperature as T_{λ}=2.16K, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental lambda transition temperature T_{λ}=2.17K. The concept of diatomic quasiparticles also leads to superfluid and BEC fractions which are in good agreement with experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations for liquid ^{4}He. It is also shown that the condensate fraction for low temperature (T≤0.5K) at saturated vapor pressure is ρ_{0}/ρ=7.22%, which is very close to the value 7.25±0.75% obtained in recent measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Kruglov
- Centre for Engineering Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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5
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Liang A, Xie Y, Huang M, Wang B, Zhou S, Liu L. Compensating three-dimensional field inhomogeneity in cold atom Efimov-state search by a time-averaged optical potential. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:073203. [PMID: 37462458 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The Efimov effect and its universal property are of paramount importance in quantum few-body physics. Despite this, the predicted ground state Efimov resonance has not yet been observed in 39,40,41K-87Rb mixtures within the currently available observation window. Cooling atoms in the microgravity environment of outer space might overcome this limitation, whereas the residual curvature of the strong magnetic fields may result in significant atom leakage. In this work, we propose an optical method based on far-detuned time-averaged dipole potential to counteract the three-dimensional inhomogeneous field. The target intensity distribution can be conveniently obtained by modulating the central position of the quasi-1D print beam using acoustic optical modulators. Within a volume of 300 × 300 × 400 µm3, the residual potential fluctuations can be reduced by two orders of magnitude to less than 100 pK. The proposed approach offers a realistic prospect of investigating the Efimov-type resonance in the 40K-87Rb Bose-Fermi mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angang Liang
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Mingshan Huang
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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6
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Stipanović P, Vranješ Markić L, Boronat J. Van der Waals five-body size-energy universality. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10368. [PMID: 35725594 PMCID: PMC9209460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A universal relationship between scaled size and scaled energy is explored in five-body self-bound quantum systems. The ground-state binding energy and structure properties are obtained by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo method. We use pure estimators to eliminate any residual bias in the estimation of the cluster size. Strengthening the inter-particle interaction, we extend the exploration from the halo region to classical systems. Universal scaled size-scaled energy line, which does not depend on the short-range potential details and binding strength, is found for homogeneous pentamers with interaction potentials decaying at long range predominantly as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$r^{-6}$$\end{document}r-6. For mixed pentamers, we discuss under which conditions the universal line can approximately describe the size-energy ratio. Our data is compatible with generalized Tjon lines, which assume a linear dependence between the binding energy of the pentamers and the one of tetramers, when both are divided by the trimer energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Stipanović
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000, Split, Croatia.
| | | | - Jordi Boronat
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Ma Y, Peng C, Cui X. Borromean Droplet in Three-Component Ultracold Bose Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:043002. [PMID: 34355973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate droplet formation in three-component ultracold bosons. In particular, we identify the formation of a Borromean droplet, where only the ternary bosons can form a self-bound droplet while any binary subsystems cannot, as the first example of Borromean binding due to a collective many-body effect. Its formation is facilitated by an additional attractive force induced by the density fluctuation of a third component, which enlarges the mean-field collapse region in comparison to the binary case and renders the formation of a Borromean droplet after incorporating the repulsive force from quantum fluctuations. Outside the Borromean regime, we demonstrate an interesting phenomenon of droplet phase separation due to the competition between ternary and binary droplets. We further show that the transition between different droplets and gas phase can be conveniently tuned by boson numbers and interaction strengths. The study reveals the rich physics of a quantum droplet in three-component boson mixtures and sheds light on the more intriguing many-body bound state formed in multicomponent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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8
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Hans M, Schmutte F, Viermann C, Liebster N, Sparn M, Oberthaler MK, Strobel H. High signal to noise absorption imaging of alkali atoms at moderate magnetic fields. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:023203. [PMID: 33648052 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present an improved scheme for absorption imaging of alkali atoms at moderate magnetic fields, where the excited state is well in the Paschen-Back regime, but the ground state hyperfine manifold is not. It utilizes four atomic levels to obtain an approximately closed optical cycle. With the resulting absorption of the corresponding two laser frequencies, we extract the atomic column density of a 39K Bose-Einstein condensate. The scheme can be readily applied to all other alkali-like species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurus Hans
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Finn Schmutte
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Celia Viermann
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas Liebster
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Sparn
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus K Oberthaler
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Strobel
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Xie X, Van de Graaff MJ, Chapurin R, Frye MD, Hutson JM, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Ye J, Cornell EA. Observation of Efimov Universality across a Nonuniversal Feshbach Resonance in ^{39}K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:243401. [PMID: 33412063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.243401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study three-atom inelastic scattering in ultracold ^{39}K near a Feshbach resonance of intermediate coupling strength. The nonuniversal character of such resonance leads to an abnormally large Efimov absolute length scale and a relatively small effective range r_{e}, allowing the features of the ^{39}K Efimov spectrum to be better isolated from the short-range physics. Meticulous characterization of and correction for finite-temperature effects ensure high accuracy on the measurements of these features at large-magnitude scattering lengths. For a single Feshbach resonance, we unambiguously locate four distinct features in the Efimov structure. Three of these features form ratios that obey the Efimov universal scaling to within 10%, while the fourth feature, occurring at a value of scattering length closest to r_{e}, instead deviates from the universal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael J Van de Graaff
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Roman Chapurin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Matthew D Frye
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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10
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Mestrom PMA, Colussi VE, Secker T, Groeneveld GP, Kokkelmans SJJMF. van der Waals Universality near a Quantum Tricritical Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:143401. [PMID: 32338969 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the three-body scattering hypervolume D of atoms whose scattering length a is on the order of or smaller than the typical range r_{vdW} of the van der Waals attraction. We find that the real part of D behaves universally in this weakly interacting regime (|a|/r_{vdW}≲1) in the absence of trimer resonances. This universality originates from hard-spherelike collisions that dominate elastic three-body scattering. We use this result to make quantitative predictions for the thermodynamics and elementary excitations of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in the vicinity of a quantum tricritical point, including quantum droplets stabilized by effective three-body interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M A Mestrom
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - V E Colussi
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - T Secker
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - G P Groeneveld
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - S J J M F Kokkelmans
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
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11
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Chapurin R, Xie X, Van de Graaff MJ, Popowski JS, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Ye J, Cornell EA. Precision Test of the Limits to Universality in Few-Body Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233402. [PMID: 31868479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We perform precise studies of two- and three-body interactions near an intermediate-strength Feshbach resonance in ^{39}K at 33.5820(14) G. Precise measurement of dimer binding energies, spanning three orders of magnitude, enables the construction of a complete two-body coupled-channel model for determination of the scattering lengths with an unprecedented low uncertainty. Utilizing an accurate scattering length map, we measure the precise location of the Efimov ground state to test van der Waals universality. Precise control of the sample's temperature and density ensures that systematic effects on the Efimov trimer state are well understood. We measure the ground Efimov resonance location to be at -14.05(17) times the van der Waals length r_{vdW}, significantly deviating from the value of -9.7r_{vdW} predicted by van der Waals universality. We find that a refined multichannel three-body model, built on our measurement of two-body physics, can account for this difference and even successfully predict the Efimov inelasticity parameter η.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Chapurin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael J Van de Graaff
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jared S Popowski
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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12
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Gregory PD, Frye MD, Blackmore JA, Bridge EM, Sawant R, Hutson JM, Cornish SL. Sticky collisions of ultracold RbCs molecules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3104. [PMID: 31308368 PMCID: PMC6629645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling collisions is crucial to the burgeoning field of ultracold molecules. All experiments so far have observed fast loss of molecules from the trap. However, the dominant mechanism for collisional loss is not well understood when there are no allowed 2-body loss processes. Here we experimentally investigate collisional losses of nonreactive ultracold 87Rb133Cs molecules, and compare our findings with the sticky collision hypothesis that pairs of molecules form long-lived collision complexes. We demonstrate that loss of molecules occupying their rotational and hyperfine ground state is best described by second-order rate equations, consistent with the expectation for complex-mediated collisions, but that the rate is lower than the limit of universal loss. The loss is insensitive to magnetic field but increases for excited rotational states. We demonstrate that dipolar effects lead to significantly faster loss for an incoherent mixture of rotational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Gregory
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Matthew D Frye
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jacob A Blackmore
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Bridge
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Rahul Sawant
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Simon L Cornish
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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13
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Yudkin Y, Elbaz R, Giannakeas P, Greene CH, Khaykovich L. Coherent Superposition of Feshbach Dimers and Efimov Trimers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:200402. [PMID: 31172769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A powerful experimental technique to study Efimov physics at positive scattering lengths is demonstrated. We use the Feshbach dimers as a local reference for Efimov trimers by creating a coherent superposition of both states. Measurement of its coherent evolution provides information on the binding energy of the trimers with unprecedented precision and yields access to previously inaccessible parameters of the system such as the Efimov trimers' lifetime and the elastic processes between atoms and the constituents of the superposition state. We develop a comprehensive data analysis suitable for noisy experimental data that confirms the trustworthiness of our demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Yudkin
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Roy Elbaz
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - P Giannakeas
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Lev Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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14
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Stipanović P, Vranješ Markić L, Gudyma A, Boronat J. Universality of size-energy ratio in four-body systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6289. [PMID: 31000736 PMCID: PMC6472412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Universal relationship of scaled size and scaled energy, which was previously established for two- and three-body systems in their ground state, is examined for four-body systems, using Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We study in detail the halo region, in which systems are extremely weakly bound. Strengthening the interparticle interaction we extend the exploration all the way to classical systems. Universal size-energy law is found for homogeneous tetramers in the case of interaction potentials decaying predominantly as r−6. In the case of mixed tetramers, we also show under which conditions the universal line can approximately describe the size-energy ratio. The universal law can be used to extract ground-state energy from experimentally measurable structural characteristics, as well as for evaluation of theoretical interaction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Stipanović
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000, Split, Croatia.
| | | | - Andrii Gudyma
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Jordi Boronat
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Li JL, Cong SL. High-rank separable atom-atom interaction potential used for solving two-body Lippmann-Schwinger and three-body Faddeev equations. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:204109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5045084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lun Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shu-Lin Cong
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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16
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Tennyson J, McKemmish LK, Rivlin T. Low-temperature chemistry using the R-matrix method. Faraday Discuss 2018; 195:31-48. [PMID: 27711838 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00110f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Techniques for producing cold and ultracold molecules are enabling the study of chemical reactions and scattering at the quantum scattering limit, with only a few partial waves contributing to the incident channel, leading to the observation and even full control of state-to-state collisions in this regime. A new R-matrix formalism is presented for tackling problems involving low- and ultra-low energy collisions. This general formalism is particularly appropriate for slow collisions occurring on potential energy surfaces with deep wells. The many resonance states make such systems hard to treat theoretically but offer the best prospects for novel physics: resonances are already being widely used to control diatomic systems and should provide the route to steering ultracold reactions. Our R-matrix-based formalism builds on the progress made in variational calculations of molecular spectra by using these methods to provide wavefunctions for the whole system at short internuclear distances, (a regime known as the inner region). These wavefunctions are used to construct collision energy-dependent R-matrices which can then be propagated to give cross sections at each collision energy. The method is formulated for ultracold collision systems with differing numbers of atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tennyson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Laura K McKemmish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Tom Rivlin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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17
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Li J, Liu J, Luo L, Gao B. Three-Body Recombination near a Narrow Feshbach Resonance in ^{6}Li. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:193402. [PMID: 29799241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.193402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally measure and theoretically analyze the three-atom recombination rate, L_{3}, around a narrow s-wave magnetic Feshbach resonance of ^{6}Li-^{6}Li at 543.3 G. By examining both the magnetic field dependence and, especially, the temperature dependence of L_{3} over a wide range of temperatures from a few μK to above 200 μK, we show that three-atom recombination through a narrow resonance follows a universal behavior determined by the long-range van der Waals potential and can be described by a set of rate equations in which three-body recombination proceeds via successive pairwise interactions. We expect the underlying physical picture to be applicable not only to narrow s wave resonances, but also to resonances in nonzero partial waves, and not only at ultracold temperatures, but also at much higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Tianqin Research Center for Gravitational Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Le Luo
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Tianqin Research Center for Gravitational Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mailstop 111, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
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18
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Deng S, Diao P, Li F, Yu Q, Yu S, Wu H. Observation of Dynamical Super-Efimovian Expansion in a Unitary Fermi Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:125301. [PMID: 29694076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report an observation of a dynamical super Efimovian expansion in a strongly interacting Fermi gas by engineering time dependent external harmonic trap frequencies. When the trap frequency is tailored as [1/4t^{2}+1/t^{2}λlog^{2}(t/t_{*})]^{1/2}, where t_{*} and λ are two controllable parameters, and the change is faster than a critical value, the expansion of such a quantum gas shows novel dynamics that share the same characteristics as the super Efimov effect. A clear double-log periodicity with discrete geometric scaling emerges for the cloud size in the expansion. The universality of such scaling dynamics is verified both in the noninteracting and in the unitarity limit of Fermi gas. Moreover, the measured energy scaling reveals that the potential and internal energy also show double-log periodicity with a π/2 phase difference, but the total energy is monotonically decreased. Observing super Efimovian evolution represents a paradigm in probing universal properties and allows us in a new way to study many-body nonequilibrium dynamics with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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19
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Giannakeas P, Greene CH. Ultracold Heteronuclear Three-Body Systems: How Diabaticity Limits the Universality of Recombination into Shallow Dimers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:023401. [PMID: 29376693 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.023401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mass-imbalanced three-body recombination process that forms a shallow dimer is shown to possess a rich Efimov-Stückelberg landscape, with corresponding spectra that differ fundamentally from the homonuclear case. A semianalytical treatment of the three-body recombination predicts unusual spectra with intertwined resonance peaks and minima and yields in-depth insight into the behavior of the corresponding Efimov spectra. In particular, the patterns of the Efimov-Stückelberg landscape are shown to depend inherently on the degree of diabaticity of the three-body collisions, which strongly affects the universality of the heteronuclear Efimov states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giannakeas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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20
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Klauss CE, Xie X, Lopez-Abadia C, D'Incao JP, Hadzibabic Z, Jin DS, Cornell EA. Observation of Efimov Molecules Created from a Resonantly Interacting Bose Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:143401. [PMID: 29053296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We convert a strongly interacting ultracold Bose gas into a mixture of atoms and molecules by sweeping the interactions from resonant to weak. By analyzing the decay dynamics of the molecular gas, we show that in addition to Feshbach dimers it contains Efimov trimers. Typically around 8% of the total atomic population is bound into trimers, identified by their density-independent lifetime of about 100 μs. The lifetime of the Feshbach dimers shows a density dependence due to inelastic atom-dimer collisions, in agreement with theoretical calculations. We also vary the density of the gas across a factor of 250 and investigate the corresponding atom loss rate at the interaction resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Klauss
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Carlos Lopez-Abadia
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Zoran Hadzibabic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah S Jin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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21
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Sun M, Zhai H, Cui X. Visualizing the Efimov Correlation in Bose Polarons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:013401. [PMID: 28731773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bose polaron is a quasiparticle of an impurity dressed by surrounding bosons. In few-body physics, it is known that two identical bosons and a third distinguishable particle can form a sequence of Efimov bound states in the vicinity of interspecies scattering resonance. On the other hand, in the Bose polaron system with an impurity atom embedded in many bosons, no signature of Efimov physics has been reported in the existing spectroscopy measurements to date. In this Letter, we propose that a large mass imbalance between a light impurity and heavy bosons can help produce visible signatures of Efimov physics in such a spectroscopy measurement. Using the diagrammatic approach in the virial expansion to include three-body effects from pair-wise interactions, we determine the impurity self-energy and its spectral function. Taking the ^{6}Li-^{133}Cs system as a concrete example, we find two visible Efimov branches in the polaron spectrum, as well as their hybridizations with the attractive polaron branch. We also discuss the general scenarios for observing the signature of Efimov physics in polaron systems. This work paves the way for experimentally exploring intriguing few-body correlations in a many-body system in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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22
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Naidon P, Endo S. Efimov physics: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056001. [PMID: 28350544 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa50e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews theoretical and experimental advances in Efimov physics, an array of quantum few-body and many-body phenomena arising for particles interacting via short-range resonant interactions, that is based on the appearance of a scale-invariant three-body attraction theoretically discovered by Vitaly Efimov in 1970. This three-body effect was originally proposed to explain the binding of nuclei such as the triton and the Hoyle state of carbon-12, and later considered as a simple explanation for the existence of some halo nuclei. It was subsequently evidenced in trapped ultra-cold atomic clouds and in diffracted molecular beams of gaseous helium. These experiments revealed that the previously undetermined three-body parameter introduced in the Efimov theory to stabilise the three-body attraction typically scales with the range of atomic interactions. The few- and many-body consequences of the Efimov attraction have been since investigated theoretically, and are expected to be observed in a broader spectrum of physical systems.
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23
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Kato K, Wang Y, Kobayashi J, Julienne PS, Inouye S. Isotopic Shift of Atom-Dimer Efimov Resonances in K-Rb Mixtures: Critical Effect of Multichannel Feshbach Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:163401. [PMID: 28474928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.163401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multichannel Efimov physics is investigated in ultracold heteronuclear admixtures of K and Rb atoms. We observe a shift in the scattering length where the first atom-dimer resonance appears in the ^{41}K-^{87}Rb system relative to the position of the previously observed atom-dimer resonance in the ^{40}K-^{87}Rb system. This shift is well explained by our calculations with a three-body model including van der Waals interactions, and, more importantly, multichannel spinor physics. With only minor differences in the atomic masses of the admixtures, the shift in the atom-dimer resonance positions can be cleanly ascribed to the isolated and overlapping Feshbach resonances in the ^{40}K-^{87}Rb and ^{41}K-^{87}Rb systems, respectively. Our study demonstrates the role of multichannel Feshbach physics in determining Efimov resonances in heteronuclear three-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - P S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Inouye
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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24
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Shu D, Simbotin I, Côté R. Near Threshold Effects on Recombination and Vibrational Relaxation in Efimov Systems. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3655-3663. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Shu
- Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 USA
| | - Ionel Simbotin
- Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 USA
| | - Robin Côté
- Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 USA
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25
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Wacker LJ, Jørgensen NB, Birkmose D, Winter N, Mikkelsen M, Sherson J, Zinner N, Arlt JJ. Universal Three-Body Physics in Ultracold KRb Mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:163201. [PMID: 27792375 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atomic gases have recently become a driving force in few-body physics due to the observation of the Efimov effect. While initially observed in equal mass systems, one expects even richer few-body physics in the heteronuclear case. In previous experiments with ultracold mixtures of potassium and rubidium, an unexpected nonuniversal behavior of Efimov resonances was observed. In contrast, we measure the scattering length dependent three-body recombination coefficient in ultracold heteronuclear mixtures of ^{39}K-^{87}Rb and ^{41}K-^{87}Rb and do not observe any signatures of Efimov resonances for accessible scattering lengths in either mixture. Our results show good agreement with our theoretical model for the scattering dependent three-body recombination coefficient and reestablish universality across isotopic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Wacker
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N B Jørgensen
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - D Birkmose
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Winter
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Mikkelsen
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - J Sherson
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Zinner
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J J Arlt
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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26
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Ulmanis J, Häfner S, Pires R, Kuhnle ED, Wang Y, Greene CH, Weidemüller M. Heteronuclear Efimov Scenario with Positive Intraspecies Scattering Length. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:153201. [PMID: 27768363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically and experimentally the heteronuclear Efimov scenario for a three-body system that consists of two bosons and one distinguishable particle with positive intraspecies scattering lengths. The three-body parameter at the three-body scattering threshold and the scaling factor between consecutive Efimov resonances are found to be controlled by the scattering length between the two bosons, approximately independent of short-range physics. We observe two excited-state Efimov resonances in the three-body recombination spectra of an ultracold mixture of fermionic ^{6}Li and bosonic ^{133}Cs atoms close to a Li-Cs Feshbach resonance, where the Cs-Cs interaction is positive. Deviation of the obtained scaling factor of 4.0(3) from the universal prediction of 4.9 and the absence of the ground state Efimov resonance shed new light on the interpretation of the universality and the discrete scaling behavior of heteronuclear Efimov physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juris Ulmanis
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Häfner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rico Pires
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva D Kuhnle
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2036, USA
| | - Matthias Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, and CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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27
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Deng S, Shi ZY, Diao P, Yu Q, Zhai H, Qi R, Wu H. Observation of the Efimovian expansion in scale-invariant Fermi gases. Science 2016; 353:371-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Yu Shi
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qianli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ran Qi
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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28
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Abstract
Abstract
The Efimov scenario is a universal three-body effect addressing many areas of modern quantum physics. It plays an important role in the transition between few- and many-body physics and has enabled important breakthroughs in the understanding of the universal few-body theory. We review the basic concepts of the Efimov scenario with specific emphasis on the similarities and differences between homonuclear and heteronuclear systems. In the latter scenario, the existence of a second, independently tunable interaction parameter enables novel few-body phenomena that are universal and have no counterexamples in the homonuclear case. We discuss recent experimental approaches using ultracold atomic gases with magnetically tunable interactions and elucidate the role of short-range interactions in the emergence of universal and non-universal behavior.
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29
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Levinsen J, Parish MM, Bruun GM. Impurity in a Bose-Einstein Condensate and the Efimov Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:125302. [PMID: 26430999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.125302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the zero-temperature properties of an impurity particle interacting with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), using a variational wave function that includes up to two Bogoliubov excitations of the BEC. This allows one to capture three-body Efimov physics, as well as to recover the first nontrivial terms in the weak-coupling expansion. We show that the energy and quasiparticle residue of the dressed impurity (polaron) are significantly lowered by three-body correlations, even for weak interactions where there is no Efimov trimer state in a vacuum. For increasing attraction between the impurity and the BEC, we observe a smooth crossover from atom to Efimov trimer, with a superposition of states near the Efimov resonance. We furthermore demonstrate that three-body loss does not prohibit the experimental observation of these effects. Our results thus suggest a route to realizing Efimov physics in a stable quantum many-body system for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Levinsen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Meera M Parish
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Georg M Bruun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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30
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Horinouchi Y, Ueda M. Onset of a limit cycle and universal three-body parameter in Efimov physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:025301. [PMID: 25635550 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.025301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Efimov effect is the only experimentally realized universal phenomenon that exhibits the renormalization-group limit cycle with the three-body parameter parametrizing a family of universality classes. Recent experiments in ultracold atoms have unexpectedly revealed that the three-body parameter itself is universal when measured in units of an effective range. By performing an exact functional renormalization-group analysis with various finite-range interaction potentials, we demonstrate that the onset of the renormalization-group flow into the limit cycle is universal, regardless of short-range details, which connects the missing link between the two universalities of the Efimov physics. A close connection between the topological property of the limit cycle and few-body physics is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Horinouchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Center of Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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31
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Tung SK, Jiménez-García K, Johansen J, Parker CV, Chin C. Geometric scaling of Efimov states in a ⁶Li-¹³³Cs mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:240402. [PMID: 25541753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.240402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In few-body physics, Efimov states are an infinite series of three-body bound states that obey universal discrete scaling symmetry when pairwise interactions are resonantly enhanced. Despite abundant reports of Efimov states in recent cold atom experiments, direct observation of the discrete scaling symmetry remains an elusive goal. Here we report the observation of three consecutive Efimov resonances in a heteronuclear Li-Cs mixture near a broad interspecies Feshbach resonance. The positions of the resonances closely follow a geometric series 1, λ, λ². The observed scaling constant λ(exp)=4.9(4) is in good agreement with the predicted value of 4.88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kuang Tung
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Karina Jiménez-García
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jacob Johansen
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Colin V Parker
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Chin
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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32
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Blume D, Yan Y. Generalized Efimov scenario for heavy-light mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:213201. [PMID: 25479492 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.213201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experimental investigations of Cs-Cs-Li Efimov resonances, this work theoretically investigates the few-body properties of N-1 noninteracting identical heavy bosons, which interact with a light impurity through a large s-wave scattering length. For Cs-Cs-Cs-Li, we predict the existence of universal four-body states with energies E4(n,1) and E4(n,2), which are universally linked to the energy E3(n) of the nth Efimov trimer. For infinitely large (133)Cs-(6)Li and vanishing (133)Cs-(133)Cs scattering lengths, we find (E4(1,1)/E3(1))(1/2)≈1.51 and (E4(1,2)/E3(1))(1/2)≈1.01. The (133)Cs-(6)Li scattering lengths at which these states merge with the four-atom threshold, the dependence of these energy ratios on the mass ratio between the heavy and light atoms, and selected aspects of the generalized Efimov scenario for N>4 are also discussed. Possible implications of our results for ongoing cold atom experiments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blume
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
| | - Yangqian Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
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33
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Colussi VE, Greene CH, D'Incao JP. Three-body physics in strongly correlated spinor condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:045302. [PMID: 25105628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.045302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spinor condensates have proven to be a rich area for probing many-body phenomena richer than that of an ultracold gas consisting of atoms restricted to a single spin state. In the strongly correlated regime, the physics controlling the possible novel phases of the condensate remains largely unexplored, and few-body aspects can play a central role in the properties and dynamics of the system through manifestations of Efimov physics. The present study solves the three-body problem for bosonic spinors using the hyperspherical adiabatic representation and characterizes the multiple families of Efimov states in spinor systems as well as their signatures in the scattering observables relevant for spinor condensates. These solutions exhibit a rich array of possible phenomena originating in universal few-body physics, which can strongly affect the spin dynamics and three-body mean-field contributions for spinor condensates. The collisional aspects of atom-dimer spinor condensates are also analyzed, and effects are predicted that derive from Efimov physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Colussi
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2036, USA
| | - J P D'Incao
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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34
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Pires R, Ulmanis J, Häfner S, Repp M, Arias A, Kuhnle ED, Weidemüller M. Observation of Efimov resonances in a mixture with extreme mass imbalance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:250404. [PMID: 25014797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.250404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We observe two consecutive heteronuclear Efimov resonances in an ultracold Li-Cs mixture by measuring three-body loss coefficients as a function of magnetic field near a Feshbach resonance. The first resonance is detected at a scattering length of a_((0))=-320(10)a_((0)), corresponding to ∼7(∼3) times the Li-Cs (Cs-Cs) van der Waals range. The second resonance appears at 5.8(1.0)a_((0)), close to the unitarity-limited regime at the sample temperature of 450 nK. Indication of a third resonance is found in the atom loss spectra. The scaling of the resonance positions is close to the predicted universal scaling value of 4.9 for zero temperature. Deviations from universality might be caused by finite-range and temperature effects, as well as magnetic field-dependent Cs-Cs interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pires
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ulmanis
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Häfner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Repp
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Arias
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E D Kuhnle
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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35
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Huang B, Sidorenkov LA, Grimm R, Hutson JM. Observation of the second triatomic resonance in Efimov's scenario. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:190401. [PMID: 24877917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a three-body recombination resonance in an ultracold gas of cesium atoms at a very large negative value of the s-wave scattering length. The resonance is identified as the second triatomic Efimov resonance, which corresponds to the situation where the first excited Efimov state appears at the threshold of three free atoms. This observation, together with a finite-temperature analysis and the known first resonance, allows the most accurate demonstration to date of the discrete scaling behavior at the heart of Efimov physics. For the system of three identical bosons, we obtain a scaling factor of 21.0(1.3), close to the ideal value of 22.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leonid A Sidorenkov
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Grimm
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham/Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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36
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Piatecki S, Krauth W. Efimov-driven phase transitions of the unitary Bose gas. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3503. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swann Piatecki
- 1] Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France [2]
| | - Werner Krauth
- 1] Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France [2]
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37
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Naidon P, Endo S, Ueda M. Microscopic origin and universality classes of the Efimov three-body parameter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:105301. [PMID: 24679303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy spectrum of three particles interacting via nearly resonant two-body interactions in the Efimov regime is set by the so-called three-body parameter. We show that the three-body parameter is essentially determined by the zero-energy two-body correlation. As a result, we identify two classes of two-body interactions for which the three-body parameter has a universal value in units of their effective range. One class involves the universality of the three-body parameter recently found in ultracold atom systems. The other is relevant to short-range interactions that can be found in nuclear physics and solid-state physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shimpei Endo
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongō, Bunkyō-ku, Tōkyō 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongō, Bunkyō-ku, Tōkyō 113-0033, Japan
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38
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Shi ZY, Cui X, Zhai H. Universal trimers induced by spin-orbit coupling in ultracold Fermi gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:013201. [PMID: 24483896 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we address the issue of how synthetic spin-orbit (SO) coupling can strongly affect three-body physics in ultracold atomic gases. We consider a system which consists of three fermionic atoms, including two spinless heavy atoms and one spin-1/2 light atom subjected to an isotropic SO coupling. We find that SO coupling can induce universal three-body bound states with a negative s-wave scattering length at a smaller mass ratio, where no trimer bound state can exist if in the absence of SO coupling. The energies of these trimers are independent of the high-energy cutoff, and therefore they are universal ones. Moreover, the resulting atom-dimer resonance can be effectively controlled by SO coupling strength. Our results can be applied to systems like a 6Li and 40K mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Yu Shi
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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39
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Bloom RS, Hu MG, Cumby TD, Jin DS. Tests of universal three-body physics in an ultracold bose-fermi mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:105301. [PMID: 25166676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent measurements of Efimov resonances for a number of ultracold atom species have revealed an unexpected universality, in which three-body scattering properties are determined by the van der Waals length of the two-body interaction potential. To investigate whether this universality extends to heteronuclear mixtures, we measure loss rate coefficients in an ultracold trapped gas of 40K and 87Rb atoms. We find an Efimov-like resonance in the rate of inelastic collisions between 40K87Rb Feshbach molecules and 87Rb atoms. However, we do not observe any Efimov-related resonances in the rates of inelastic collisions between three atoms. These observations are compared to previous measurements by the LENS group of Efimov resonances in a 41K and 87Rb mixture as well as to recent predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S Bloom
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Ming-Guang Hu
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tyler D Cumby
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Deborah S Jin
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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40
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Gertjerenken B, Billam TP, Blackley CL, Le Sueur CR, Khaykovich L, Cornish SL, Weiss C. Generating mesoscopic Bell states via collisions of distinguishable quantum bright solitons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:100406. [PMID: 25166639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate numerically the collisions of two distinguishable quantum matter-wave bright solitons in a one-dimensional harmonic trap. We show that such collisions can be used to generate mesoscopic Bell states that can reliably be distinguished from statistical mixtures. Calculation of the relevant s-wave scattering lengths predicts that such states could potentially be realized in quantum-degenerate mixtures of 85Rb and 133Cs. In addition to fully quantum simulations for two distinguishable two-particle solitons, we use a mean-field description supplemented by a stochastic treatment of quantum fluctuations in the soliton's center of mass: we demonstrate the validity of this approach by comparison to a mathematically rigorous effective potential treatment of the quantum many-particle problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas P Billam
- Department of Physics, Jack Dodd Center for Quantum Technology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Caroline L Blackley
- Department of Chemistry, Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - C Ruth Le Sueur
- Department of Chemistry, Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Lev Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Simon L Cornish
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Weiss
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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41
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Roy S, Landini M, Trenkwalder A, Semeghini G, Spagnolli G, Simoni A, Fattori M, Inguscio M, Modugno G. Test of the universality of the three-body Efimov parameter at narrow Feshbach resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:053202. [PMID: 23952396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.053202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We measure the critical scattering length for the appearance of the first three-body bound state, or Efimov three-body parameter, at seven different Feshbach resonances in ultracold ^{39}K atoms. We study both intermediate and narrow resonances, where the three-body spectrum is expected to be determined by the nonuniversal coupling of two scattering channels. Instead, our observed ratio of the three-body parameter with the van der Waals radius is approximately the same universal ratio as for broader resonances. This unexpected observation suggests the presence of a new regime for three-body scattering at narrow resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Roy
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Firenze, and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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42
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Pricoupenko L. Many bosons in a narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:180402. [PMID: 23683180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.180402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The many-boson problem in the presence of an asymptotically narrow Feshbach resonance is considered. The low energy properties are investigated using a two-channel Hamiltonian. The energy spectrum of this model is shown to be bounded from below in the limit of a zero range interaction. This implies the promising possibility of achieving a strongly interacting bosonic phase in a dilute regime where the details of the actual interatomic forces are irrelevant. The integral relation between the energy and the one-body momentum distribution is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Pricoupenko
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, Université Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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43
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Wang Y, Wang J, D'Incao JP, Greene CH. Universal three-body parameter in heteronuclear atomic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:243201. [PMID: 23368316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.243201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Efimov physics, a three-body parameter (3BP), previously regarded as nonuniversal, uniquely defines bound and scattering properties of three particles. A universal 3BP, however, has been recently shown in experiments and theory in ultracold homonuclear gases. Our present study further predicts a universal 3BP for heteronuclear atomic systems near broad Feshbach resonances and provides physical interpretations for its origin. We show that for a system composed of two light and one heavy atom, the physical origin of the universal 3BP is similar to the homonuclear case, while for systems composed by one light and two heavy atoms, the universality of the 3BP is now mostly controlled by the heavy-heavy interatomic properties. This new universality is explained by the universal properties of the van der Waals interactions in a simple Born-Oppenheimer picture. Finally, we show the numerically determined 3BPs for some combinations of alkali atoms used in ultracold experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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44
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45
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Wang J, D'Incao JP, Esry BD, Greene CH. Origin of the three-body parameter universality in Efimov physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:263001. [PMID: 23004972 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years extensive theoretical and experimental studies of universal few-body physics have advanced our understanding of universal Efimov physics. Whereas theory had been the driving force behind our understanding of Efimov physics for decades, recent experiments have contributed an unexpected discovery. Specifically, measurements have found that the so-called three-body parameter determining several properties of the system is universal, even though fundamental assumptions in the theory of the Efimov effect suggest that it should be a variable property that depends on the precise details of the short-range two- and three-body interactions. The present Letter resolves this apparent contradiction by elucidating previously unanticipated implications of the two-body interactions. Our study shows that the three-body parameter universality emerges because a universal effective barrier in the three-body potentials prevents the three particles from simultaneously getting close together. Our results also show limitations on this universality, as it is more likely to occur for neutral atoms but less likely to extend to light nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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46
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Machtey O, Shotan Z, Gross N, Khaykovich L. Association of Efimov trimers from a three-atom continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:210406. [PMID: 23003226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.210406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We develop an experimental technique for rf association of Efimov trimers from a three-atom continuum. We apply it to probe the lowest accessible Efimov energy level in bosonic lithium in the region where strong deviations from the universal behavior are expected, and provide a quantitative study of this effect. The position of the Efimov resonance at the atom-dimer threshold, measured using a different experimental technique, concurs with the rf association results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Machtey
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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47
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Wild RJ, Makotyn P, Pino JM, Cornell EA, Jin DS. Measurements of Tan's contact in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:145305. [PMID: 22540806 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.145305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A powerful set of universal relations, centered on a quantity called the contact, connects the strength of short-range two-body correlations to the thermodynamics of a many-body system with zero-range interactions. We report on measurements of the contact, using rf spectroscopy, for an (85)Rb atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). For bosons, the fact that contact spectroscopy can be used to probe the gas on short time scales is useful given the decreasing stability of BECs with increasing interactions. A complication is the added possibility, for bosons, of three-body interactions. In investigating this issue, we have located an Efimov resonance for (85)Rb atoms with loss measurements and thus determined the three-body interaction parameter. In our contact spectroscopy, in a region of observable beyond-mean-field effects, we find no measurable contribution from three-body physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wild
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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48
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Machtey O, Kessler DA, Khaykovich L. Universal dimer in a collisionally opaque medium: experimental observables and Efimov resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:130403. [PMID: 22540683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A universal dimer is subject to secondary collisions with atoms when formed in a cloud of ultracold atoms via three-body recombination. We show that in a collisionally opaque medium, the value of the scattering length that results in the maximum number of secondary collisions may not correspond to the Efimov resonance at the atom-dimer threshold and thus cannot be automatically associated with it. This result explains a number of controversies in recent experimental results on universal three-body states and supports the emerging evidence for the significant finite range corrections to the first excited Efimov energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Machtey
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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49
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Wang Y, Laing WB, von Stecher J, Esry BD. Efimov physics in heteronuclear four-body systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:073201. [PMID: 22401201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study three- and four-body Efimov physics in a heteronuclear atomic system with three identical heavy bosonic atoms and one light atom. We show that exchange of the light atom between the heavy atoms leads to both three- and four-body features in the low-energy inelastic rate constants that trace to the Efimov effect. Further, the effective interaction generated by this exchange can provide an additional mechanism for control in ultracold experiments. Finally, we find that there is no true four-body Efimov effect-that is, no infinite number of four-body states in the absence of two- and three-body bound states-resolving a decades-long controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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50
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Quasi-Bound States of Electronic and Positronic Few-Body Systems. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397009-1.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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