1
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Kumar S, Dunn IS, Deng S, Zhu T, Zhao Q, Williams OF, Tempelaar R, Huang L. Exciton annihilation in molecular aggregates suppressed through qu antum interference. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01233-x. [PMID: 37337112 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA), an important loss channel in optoelectronic devices and photosynthetic complexes, has conventionally been assumed to be an incoherent, diffusion-limited process. Here we challenge this assumption by experimentally demonstrating the ability to control EEA in molecular aggregates using the quantum phase relationships of excitons. We employed time-resolved photoluminescence microscopy to independently determine exciton diffusion constants and annihilation rates in two substituted perylene diimide aggregates featuring contrasting excitonic phase envelopes. Low-temperature EEA rates were found to differ by more than two orders of magnitude for the two compounds, despite comparable diffusion constants. Simulated rates based on a microscopic theory, in excellent agreement with experiments, rationalize this EEA behaviour based on quantum interference arising from the presence or absence of spatial phase oscillations of delocalized excitons. These results offer an approach for designing molecular materials using quantum interference where low annihilation can coexist with high exciton concentrations and mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ian S Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shibin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Roel Tempelaar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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2
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Weiss EA. Influence of Shape Anisotropy on the Emission of Low-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3568-3577. [PMID: 33691063 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of precise and scalable synthetic methods for producing anisotropic semiconductor nanostructures provides opportunities to tune the photophysical properties of these particles beyond their band gaps, and to incorporate them into higher-order structures with macroscopic anisotropic responses to electric and optical fields. This perspective article discusses some of these opportunities in the context of colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets, with a focus on the influence of confinement anisotropy on processes that dictate the emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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Uddin SZ, Rabani E, Javey A. Universal Inverse Scaling of Exciton-Exciton Annihilation Coefficient with Exciton Lifetime. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:424-429. [PMID: 33320011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Be it for essential everyday applications such as bright light-emitting devices or to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation, materials in which high densities of excitons recombine radiatively are crucially important. However, in all excitonic materials, exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) becomes the dominant loss mechanism at high densities. Typically, a macroscopic parameter named EEA coefficient (CEEA) is used to compare EEA rates between materials at the same density; higher CEEA implies higher EEA rate. Here, we find that the reported values of CEEA for 140 different materials is inversely related to the single-exciton lifetime. Since during EEA one exciton must relax to ground state, CEEA is proportional to the single-exciton recombination rate. This leads to the counterintuitive observation that the exciton density at which EEA starts to dominate is higher in a material with larger CEEA. These results broaden our understanding of EEA across different material systems and provide a vantage point for future excitonic materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Zia Uddin
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Gaulke M, Janissek A, Peyyety NA, Alamgir I, Riaz A, Dehm S, Li H, Lemmer U, Flavel BS, Kappes MM, Hennrich F, Wei L, Chen Y, Pyatkov F, Krupke R. Low-Temperature Electroluminescence Excitation Mapping of Excitons and Trions in Short-Channel Monochiral Carbon Nanotube Devices. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2709-2717. [PMID: 31920075 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes as emerging quantum-light sources may fill a technological gap in silicon photonics due to their potential use as near-infrared, electrically driven, classical or nonclassical emitters. Unlike in photoluminescence, where nanotubes are excited with light, electrical excitation of single tubes is challenging and heavily influenced by device fabrication, architecture, and biasing conditions. Here we present electroluminescence spectroscopy data of ultra-short-channel devices made from (9,8) carbon nanotubes emitting in the telecom band. Emissions are stable under current biasing, and no enhanced suppression is observed down to 10 nm gap size. Low-temperature electroluminescence spectroscopy data also reported exhibit cold emission and line widths down to 2 meV at 4 K. Electroluminescence excitation maps give evidence that carrier recombination is the mechanism for light generation in short channels. Excitonic and trionic emissions can be switched on and off by gate voltage, and corresponding emission efficiency maps were compiled. Insights are gained into the influence of acoustic phonons on the line width, absence of intensity saturation and exciton-exciton annihilation, environmental effects such as dielectric screening and strain on the emission wavelength, and conditions to suppress hysteresis and establish optimum operation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gaulke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Janissek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Naga Anirudh Peyyety
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Imtiaz Alamgir
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Adnan Riaz
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simone Dehm
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Li Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Felix Pyatkov
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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5
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Shayan K, He X, Luo Y, Rabut C, Li X, Hartmann NF, Blackburn JL, Doorn SK, Htoon H, Strauf S. Suppression of exciton dephasing in sidewall-functionalized carbon nanotubes embedded into metallo-dielectric antennas. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12631-12638. [PMID: 29943788 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03542c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is a promising route to enhance the quantum yield of exciton emission and can lead to single-photon emission at room temperature. However, the spectral linewidth of the defect-related E11* emission remains rather broad. Here, we systematically investigate the low-temperature exciton emission of individual SWCNTs that have been dispersed with sodium-deoxycholate (DOC) and polyfluorene (PFO-BPy), are grown by laser vaporization (LV) or by CoMoCat techniques and are functionalized with oxygen as well as 3,5-dichlorobenzene groups. The E11 excitons in oxygen-functionalized SWCNTs remain rather broad with up to 10 meV linewidth while exciton emission from 3,5-dichlorobenzene functionalized SWCNTs is found to be about one order of magnitude narrower. In all cases, wrapping with PFO-BPy provides significantly better protection against pump induced dephasing compared to DOC. To further study the influence of exciton localization on pump-induced dephasing, we have embedded the functionalized SWCNTs into metallo-dielectric antenna cavities to maximize light collection. We show that 0D excitons attributed to the E11* emission of 3,5-dichlorobenzene quantum defects of LV-grown SWCNTs can display near resolution-limited linewidths down to 35 μeV. Interestingly, these 0D excitons give rise to a 3-fold suppressed pump-induced exciton dephasing compared to the E11 excitons in the same SWCNT. These findings provide a foundation to build a unified description of the emergence of novel optical behavior from the interplay of covalently introduced defects, dispersants, and exciton confinement in SWCNTs and might further lead to the realization of indistinguishable photons from carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shayan
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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6
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Tempelaar R, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Exciton-Exciton Annihilation Is Coherently Suppressed in H-Aggregates, but Not in J-Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6113-6117. [PMID: 29190421 PMCID: PMC5742477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate a strong dependence of the annihilation rate between (singlet) excitons on the sign of dipole-dipole couplings between molecules. For molecular H-aggregates, where this sign is positive, the phase relation of the delocalized two-exciton wave functions causes a destructive interference in the annihilation probability. For J-aggregates, where this sign is negative, the interference is constructive instead; as a result, no such coherent suppression of the annihilation rate occurs. As a consequence, room temperature annihilation rates of typical H- and J-aggregates differ by a factor of ∼3, while an order of magnitude difference is found for low-temperature aggregates with a low degree of disorder. These findings, which explain experimental observations, reveal a fundamental principle underlying exciton-exciton annihilation, with major implications for technological devices and experimental studies involving high excitation densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Tempelaar
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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7
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Luo Y, Ahmadi ED, Shayan K, Ma Y, Mistry KS, Zhang C, Hone J, Blackburn JL, Strauf S. Purcell-enhanced quantum yield from carbon nanotube excitons coupled to plasmonic nanocavities. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1413. [PMID: 29123125 PMCID: PMC5680202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising absorbers and emitters to enable novel photonic applications and devices but are also known to suffer from low optical quantum yields. Here we demonstrate SWCNT excitons coupled to plasmonic nanocavity arrays reaching deeply into the Purcell regime with Purcell factors (FP) up to FP = 180 (average FP = 57), Purcell-enhanced quantum yields of 62% (average 42%), and a photon emission rate of 15 MHz into the first lens. The cavity coupling is quasi-deterministic since the photophysical properties of every SWCNT are enhanced by at least one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the measured ultra-narrow exciton linewidth (18 μeV) reaches the radiative lifetime limit, which is promising towards generation of transform-limited single photons. To demonstrate utility beyond quantum light sources we show that nanocavity-coupled SWCNTs perform as single-molecule thermometers detecting plasmonically induced heat at cryogenic temperatures in a unique interplay of excitons, phonons, and plasmons at the nanoscale. Single-walled carbon nanotubes offer exciting optoelectronic applications but generally suffer from low quantum yields. Here, Luo et al. demonstrate that coupling nanotubes to plasmonic antennas can lead to large Purcell enhancement and corresponding increase in quantum yield as well as plasmonic thermometry at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Luo
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.,Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Ehsaneh D Ahmadi
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Kamran Shayan
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.,Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Yichen Ma
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.,Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Kevin S Mistry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Changjian Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Stefan Strauf
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA. .,Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
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8
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Graf A, Held M, Zakharko Y, Tropf L, Gather MC, Zaumseil J. Electrical pumping and tuning of exciton-polaritons in carbon nanotube microcavities. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:911-917. [PMID: 28714985 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter particles that form upon strong coupling of an excitonic transition to a cavity mode. As bosons, polaritons can form condensates with coherent laser-like emission. For organic materials, optically pumped condensation was achieved at room temperature but electrically pumped condensation remains elusive due to insufficient polariton densities. Here we combine the outstanding optical and electronic properties of purified, solution-processed semiconducting (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a microcavity-integrated light-emitting field-effect transistor to realize efficient electrical pumping of exciton-polaritons at room temperature with high current densities (>10 kA cm-2) and tunability in the near-infrared (1,060 nm to 1,530 nm). We demonstrate thermalization of SWCNT polaritons, exciton-polariton pumping rates ∼104 times higher than in current organic polariton devices, direct control over the coupling strength (Rabi splitting) via the applied gate voltage, and a tenfold enhancement of polaritonic over excitonic emission. This powerful material-device combination paves the way to carbon-based polariton emitters and possibly lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Graf
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Martin Held
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuriy Zakharko
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Tropf
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Malte C Gather
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Electron-hole correlation lengths, also termed exciton size, for (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are determined using femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy. The phase space filling model is used to obtain the sizes of the first subband exciton in samples of isolated and of bundled SWNTs. The experiments indicate that the exciton size of (13 ± 3) nm is a factor of 6 higher than previous experimental estimates and theoretical predictions for vacuum suspended SWNTs. This surprising result may be attributed at least in part to the effect of the dielectric environment on exciton sizes and supports recent theoretical findings predicting that screening in SWNTs may enhance rather than reduce electron-hole interactions for separations larger than the tube diameter. Thereby, the work also points to the unique nature of screening and electronic correlations in one-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Mann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and ‡Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hertel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and ‡Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Sarpkaya I, Zhang Z, Walden-Newman W, Wang X, Hone J, Wong CW, Strauf S. Prolonged spontaneous emission and dephasing of localized excitons in air-bridged carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2152. [PMID: 23845935 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The bright exciton emission of carbon nanotubes is appealing for optoelectronic devices and fundamental studies of light-matter interaction in one-dimensional nanostructures. However, to date, the photophysics of excitons in carbon nanotubes is largely affected by extrinsic effects. Here we perform time-resolved photoluminescence measurements over 14 orders of magnitude for ultra-clean carbon nanotubes bridging an air gap over pillar posts. Our measurements demonstrate a new regime of intrinsic exciton photophysics with prolonged spontaneous emission times up to T1=18 ns, about two orders of magnitude better than prior measurements and in agreement with values hypothesized by theorists about a decade ago. Furthermore, we establish for the first time exciton decoherence times of individual nanotubes in the time domain and find fourfold prolonged values up to T2=2.1 ps compared with ensemble measurements. These first observations motivate new discussions about the magnitude of the intrinsic dephasing mechanism while the prolonged exciton dynamics is promising for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sarpkaya
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
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11
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Allam J, Sajjad MT, Sutton R, Litvinenko K, Wang Z, Siddique S, Yang QH, Loh WH, Brown T. Measurement of a reaction-diffusion crossover in exciton-exciton recombination inside carbon nanotubes using femtosecond optical absorption. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:197401. [PMID: 24266488 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.197401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-exciton recombination in isolated semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes was studied using femtosecond transient absorption. Under sufficient excitation to saturate the optical absorption, we observed an abrupt transition between reaction- and diffusion-limited kinetics, arising from reactions between incoherent localized excitons with a finite probability of ~0.2 per encounter. This represents the first experimental observation of a crossover between classical and critical kinetics in a 1D coalescing random walk, which is a paradigm for the study of nonequilibrium systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allam
- Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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12
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Nguyen D, Voisin C, Roussignol P, Roquelet C, Lauret J, Cassabois G. Excitonic homogeneous broadening in single-wall carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Colombier L, Selles J, Rousseau E, Lauret JS, Vialla F, Voisin C, Cassabois G. Detection of a biexciton in semiconducting carbon nanotubes using nonlinear optical spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:197402. [PMID: 23215424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.197402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the biexciton in semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes by means of nonlinear optical spectroscopy. Our measurements reveal the universal asymmetric line shape of the Fano resonance intrinsic to the biexciton transition. For nanotubes of the (9,7) chirality, we find a biexciton binding energy of 106 meV. From the calculation of the χ((3)) nonlinear response, we provide a quantitative interpretation of our measurements, leading to an estimation of the characteristic Fano factor q of 7 ± 3. This value allows us to extract the first experimental information on the biexciton stability and we obtain a biexciton annihilation rate comparable to the exciton-exciton annihilation one.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Colombier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR5221, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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14
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Konabe S, Matsuda K, Okada S. Suppression of exciton-electron scattering in doped single-walled carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:187403. [PMID: 23215327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.187403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the phase relaxation of excitons in doped single-walled carbon nanotubes caused by elastic scattering between an exciton and an electron. Our calculation of the spectral linewidth, that is the inverse of the scattering rate, demonstrates that this dephasing process is unexpectedly suppressed in doped single-walled carbon nanotubes, giving rise to anomalous nonlinear behavior as a function of the electron density. A detailed investigation reveals that the logarithmic correction of the exciton self-energy plays a critical role in the exciton-carrier scattering dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Konabe
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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15
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Nanot S, Hároz EH, Kim JH, Hauge RH, Kono J. Optoelectronic properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4977-94. [PMID: 22911973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), with their uniquely simple crystal structures and chirality-dependent electronic and vibrational states, provide an ideal laboratory for the exploration of novel 1D physics, as well as quantum engineered architectures for applications in optoelectronics. This article provides an overview of recent progress in optical studies of SWCNTs. In particular, recent progress in post-growth separation methods allows different species of SWCNTs to be sorted out in bulk quantities according to their diameters, chiralities, and electronic types, enabling studies of (n,m)-dependent properties using standard macroscopic characterization measurements. Here, a review is presented of recent optical studies of samples enriched in 'armchair' (n = m) species, which are truly metallic nanotubes but show excitonic interband absorption. Furthermore, it is shown that intense ultrashort optical pulses can induce ultrafast bandgap oscillations in SWCNTs, via the generation of coherent phonons, which in turn modulate the transmission of a delayed probe pulse. Combined with pulse-shaping techniques, coherent phonon spectroscopy provides a powerful method for studying exciton-phonon coupling in SWCNTs in a chirality-selective manner. Finally, some of the basic properties of highly aligned SWCNT films are highlighted, which are particularly well-suited for optoelectronic applications including terahertz polarizers with nearly perfect extinction ratios and broadband photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Nanot
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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16
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Gaufrès E, Izard N, Noury A, Le Roux X, Rasigade G, Beck A, Vivien L. Light emission in silicon from carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3813-9. [PMID: 22533686 DOI: 10.1021/nn204924n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of optics in microelectronic circuits to overcome the limitation of metallic interconnects is more and more considered as a viable solution. Among future silicon compatible materials, carbon nanotubes are promising candidates thanks to their ability to emit, modulate, and detect light in the wavelength range of silicon transparency. We report the first integration of carbon nanotubes with silicon waveguides, successfully coupling their emission and absorption properties. A complete study of this coupling between carbon nanotubes and silicon waveguides was carried out, which led to the demonstration of the temperature-independent emission from carbon nanotubes in silicon at a wavelength of 1.3 μm. This represents the first milestone in the development of photonics based on carbon nanotubes on silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Gaufrès
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, CNRS-UMR 8622, Univ. Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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