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Chiesa A, Santini P, Garlatti E, Luis F, Carretta S. Molecular nanomagnets: a viable path toward quantum information processing? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:034501. [PMID: 38314645 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad1f81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Molecular nanomagnets (MNMs), molecules containing interacting spins, have been a playground for quantum mechanics. They are characterized by many accessible low-energy levels that can be exploited to store and process quantum information. This naturally opens the possibility of using them as qudits, thus enlarging the tools of quantum logic with respect to qubit-based architectures. These additional degrees of freedom recently prompted the proposal for encoding qubits with embedded quantum error correction (QEC) in single molecules. QEC is the holy grail of quantum computing and this qudit approach could circumvent the large overhead of physical qubits typical of standard multi-qubit codes. Another important strength of the molecular approach is the extremely high degree of control achieved in preparing complex supramolecular structures where individual qudits are linked preserving their individual properties and coherence. This is particularly relevant for building quantum simulators, controllable systems able to mimic the dynamics of other quantum objects. The use of MNMs for quantum information processing is a rapidly evolving field which still requires to be fully experimentally explored. The key issues to be settled are related to scaling up the number of qudits/qubits and their individual addressing. Several promising possibilities are being intensively explored, ranging from the use of single-molecule transistors or superconducting devices to optical readout techniques. Moreover, new tools from chemistry could be also at hand, like the chiral-induced spin selectivity. In this paper, we will review the present status of this interdisciplinary research field, discuss the open challenges and envisioned solution paths which could finally unleash the very large potential of molecular spins for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E Garlatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - F Luis
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Fısica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Carretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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2
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Lewkowitz M, Adams J, Sullivan NS, Wang P, Shatruk M, Zapf V, Arvij AS. Direct observation of electric field-induced magnetism in a molecular magnet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2769. [PMID: 36797328 PMCID: PMC9935536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the direct observation of an electrically-induced magnetic susceptibility in the molecular nano- magnet [Fe3O(O2CPh)6(py)3]ClO4·py, an Fe3 trimer. This magnetoelectric effect results from the breaking of spatial inversion symmetry due to the spin configurations of the antiferromagnetic trimer. Both static and very low frequency electric fields were used. Fractional changes of the magnetic susceptibility of 11 ppb[Formula: see text] per kVm-1 for the temperature range 8.5 < T < 13.5 K were observed for applied electric fields up to 62 kV m-1. The changes in susceptibility were measured using a tunnel diode oscillator operating at liquid helium temperatures while the sample is held at a higher regulated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lewkowitz
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Physics, University of Florida, Florida, 32611 USA
| | - J. Adams
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Physics, University of Florida, Florida, 32611 USA
| | - N. S. Sullivan
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Physics, University of Florida, Florida, 32611 USA
| | - Ping Wang
- grid.255986.50000 0004 0472 0419Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Florida, 32306 USA
| | - M. Shatruk
- grid.255986.50000 0004 0472 0419Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Florida, 32306 USA
| | - V. Zapf
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - Ali Sirusi Arvij
- grid.421818.60000 0000 9138 0897School of Science, Mathematics and Engineering, San Juan College, Farmington, NM 87402 USA
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Fang YH, Liu Z, Zhou S, Fu PX, Wang YX, Wang ZY, Wang ZM, Gao S, Jiang SD. Spin-Electric Coupling with Anisotropy-Induced Vanishment and Enhancement in Molecular Ferroelectrics. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8605-8612. [PMID: 35512343 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating quantum properties by electric fields using spin-electric coupling (SEC) effects promises spatial addressability. While several studies about inorganic materials showing the SEC functionality have been reported, the vastly tunable crystal structures of molecular ferroelectrics provide a range of rationally designable materials yet to be exploited. In this work, Mn2+-doped molecular ferroelectrics are chosen to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of achieving the quantum coherent SEC effect in molecular ferroelectrics for the first time. The electric field pulse applied between Hahn-echo pulses in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments causes controllable phase shifts via manipulating of the zero-field splitting (ZFS) of the Mn(II) ions. Detailed investigations of the aMn crystal showed unexpected SEC vanishment and enhancement at different crystal orientations, which were elucidated by studying the spin Hamiltonian and magnetic anisotropy. With the enhanced SEC efficiency being achieved (0.68 Hz m/V), this work discovers an emerging material library of molecular ferroelectrics to implement coherent quantum control with selective and tunable SEC effects toward highly scalable quantum gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shen Zhou
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye-Xin Wang
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shang-Da Jiang
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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4
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Ruiz-Díaz P, Núñez-Valencia C, Muñoz-Navia M, Urrutia-Bañuelos E, Dorantes-Dávila J. Tuning the magnetic anisotropy energy by external electric fields of CoPt dimers deposited on graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9576-9588. [PMID: 35403183 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00482h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of first-principles calculations, we comprehensively investigate the external electric-field (EF) manipulation of the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of alloyed CoPt dimers deposited on graphene. In particular, we focus on the possibility of tuning the MAE barriers under the action of external EFs and on the effects of Co-substitution. Among the various considered structures, the lowest-energy configurations were the hollow-upright and top-upright, having the Co-atom closest to the graphene layer. The optimal and higher energy configurations were related to the electronic structure through the local density of states and hybridizations between the transition-metal (TM) atoms of the dimer and graphene. In contrast to Co2/graphene [M. Tanveer, J. Dorantes-Dávila and G. M. Pastor, Phys. Rev. B, 2017, 96(22), 224413.], the CoPt dimer having the hollow-upright ground-state configuration, exhibits a much lower value of the MAE (about |ΔE| ≃ 4.5 meV per atom) and the direction of the magnetization lies in the graphene layer. Moreover, we observe a spin-reorientation transition occurring at εz ≃ 0.5 V Å-1, which opens the possibility of inducing magnetization switching by external electric fields. The microscopic origin of the changes of the MAE associated with changes in the EF has been qualitatively related to the details of the electronic structure by analyzing the local density of states and to the spin-dependent electronic densities close to the Fermi energy. Finally, the role of local environment was quantified by performing electronic structure and magnetic calculations on several higher-energy structure configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ruiz-Díaz
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78000 San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - C Núñez-Valencia
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78000 San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - M Muñoz-Navia
- Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacán de Ocampo, Col. Lomas de la Universidad, Avenida Universidad 3000, Sahuayo, Michoacán, México
| | - E Urrutia-Bañuelos
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, 78000 Sonora, México
| | - J Dorantes-Dávila
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78000 San Luis Potosí, México.
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5
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Liu J, Laguta VV, Inzani K, Huang W, Das S, Chatterjee R, Sheridan E, Griffin SM, Ardavan A, Ramesh R. Coherent electric field manipulation of Fe 3+ spins in PbTiO 3. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/10/eabf8103. [PMID: 33658210 PMCID: PMC7929503 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectrics, materials that exhibit coupling between magnetic and electric degrees of freedom, not only offer a rich environment for studying the fundamental materials physics of spin-charge coupling but also present opportunities for future information technology paradigms. We present results of electric field manipulation of spins in a ferroelectric medium using dilute ferric ion-doped lead titanate as a model system. Combining first-principles calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we show that the ferric ion spins are preferentially aligned perpendicular to the ferroelectric polar axis, which we can manipulate using an electric field. We also demonstrate coherent control of the phase of spin superpositions by applying electric field pulses during time-resolved EPR measurements. Our results suggest a new pathway toward the manipulation of spins for quantum and classical spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Valentin V Laguta
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine Inzani
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Weichuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sujit Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Evan Sheridan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sinéad M Griffin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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6
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Tang X, Shang J, Ma Y, Gu Y, Chen C, Kou L. Tuning Magnetism of Metal Porphyrazine Molecules by a Ferroelectric In 2Se 3 Monolayer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39561-39566. [PMID: 32805892 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electric field tuning of magnetism is highly desirable for nanoelectronics, but volatility in electron spin manipulation presents a major challenge that needs urgent resolution. Here, we show by first-principles calculations that magnetism of metal porphyrazine (MPz) molecules can be effectively tuned by switching ferroelectric polarization of an adjacent In2Se3 monolayer. The magnetic moments of TiPz and VPz (MnPz, FePz, and CoPz) decrease (increase) at one polarization but remain unchanged at reversed polarization. This intriguing phenomenon stems from distinct metal d-orbital occupation caused by electron transfer and energy-level shift associated with the polarization switch of the In2Se3 monolayer. Moreover, the ferroelectric switch also tunes the underlying electronic properties, producing a metallic, half-metallic, or semiconducting state depending on polarization. These findings of robust ferroelectric tuning of magnetism and related electronic properties in MPz-adsorbed In2Se3 hold great promise for innovative design and implementation in advanced magnetic memory storage, sensor, and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Yandong Ma
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Liangzhi Kou
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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7
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Liu Z, Wang YX, Fang YH, Qin SX, Wang ZM, Jiang SD, Gao S. Electric field manipulation enhanced by strong spin-orbit coupling: promoting rare-earth ions as qubits. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1557-1563. [PMID: 34691488 PMCID: PMC8288692 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum information processing based on magnetic ions has potential for applications as the ions can be modified in their electronic properties and assembled by a variety of chemical methods. For these systems to achieve individual spin addressability and high energy efficiency, we exploited the electric field as a tool to manipulate the quantum behaviours of the rare-earth ion which has strong spin-orbit coupling. A Ce:YAG single crystal was employed with considerations to the dynamics and the symmetry requirements. The Stark effect of the Ce3+ ion was observed and measured. When demonstrated as a quantum phase gate, the electric field manipulation exhibited high efficiency which allowed up to 57 π/2 operations before decoherence with optimized field direction. It was also utilized to carry out quantum bang-bang control, as a method of dynamic decoupling, and the refined Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. Our experiments highlighted rare-earth ions as potentially applicable qubits because they offer enhanced spin-electric coupling which enables high-efficiency quantum manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye-Xin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Si-Xue Qin
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shang-Da Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Robert J, Parizel N, Turek P, Boudalis AK. Polyanisotropic Magnetoelectric Coupling in an Electrically Controlled Molecular Spin Qubit. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19765-19775. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Robert
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Parizel
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Turek
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Athanassios K. Boudalis
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
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9
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Fittipaldi M, Cini A, Annino G, Vindigni A, Caneschi A, Sessoli R. Electric field modulation of magnetic exchange in molecular helices. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:329-334. [PMID: 30778229 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to operate on magnetic materials through the application of electric rather than magnetic fields-promising faster, more compact and energy efficient circuits-continues to spur the investigation of magnetoelectric effects. Symmetry considerations, in particular the lack of an inversion centre, characterize the magnetoelectric effect. In addition, spin-orbit coupling is generally considered necessary to make a spin system sensitive to a charge distribution. However, a magnetoelectric effect not relying on spin-orbit coupling is appealing for spin-based quantum technologies. Here, we report the detection of a magnetoelectric effect that we attribute to an electric field modulation of the magnetic exchange interaction without atomic displacement. The effect is visible in electron paramagnetic resonance absorption of molecular helices under electric field modulation and confirmed by specific symmetry properties and spectral simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fittipaldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Alberto Cini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annino
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, IPCF-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Caneschi
- DIEF-Department Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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10
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Liu J, Mrozek J, Myers WK, Timco GA, Winpenny REP, Kintzel B, Plass W, Ardavan A. Electric Field Control of Spins in Molecular Magnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:037202. [PMID: 30735403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.037202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coherent control of individual molecular spins in nanodevices is a pivotal prerequisite for fulfilling the potential promised by molecular spintronics. By applying electric field pulses during time-resolved electron spin resonance measurements, we measure the sensitivity of the spin in several antiferromagnetic molecular nanomagnets to external electric fields. We find a linear electric field dependence of the spin states in Cr_{7}Mn, an antiferromagnetic ring with a ground-state spin of S=1, and in a frustrated Cu_{3} triangle, both with coefficients of about 2 rad s^{-1}/V m^{-1}. Conversely, the antiferromagnetic ring Cr_{7}Ni, isomorphic with Cr_{7}Mn but with S=1/2, does not exhibit a detectable effect. We propose that the spin-electric field coupling may be used for selectively controlling individual molecules embedded in nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Mrozek
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - William K Myers
- CAESR, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Grigore A Timco
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Kintzel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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11
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Boudalis AK, Robert J, Turek P. First Demonstration of Magnetoelectric Coupling in a Polynuclear Molecular Nanomagnet: Single-Crystal EPR Studies of [Fe3
O(O2
CPh)6
(py)3
]ClO4
⋅py under Static Electric Fields. Chemistry 2018; 24:14896-14900. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios K. Boudalis
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra); Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032 F-67081 Strasbourg France
| | - Jérôme Robert
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra); Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032 F-67081 Strasbourg France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS; Laboratoire Jean Perrin, LJP; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Philippe Turek
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra); Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032 F-67081 Strasbourg France
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12
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13
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Quantum decoherence dynamics of divacancy spins in silicon carbide. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12935. [PMID: 27679936 PMCID: PMC5056425 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Long coherence times are key to the performance of quantum bits (qubits). Here, we experimentally and theoretically show that the Hahn-echo coherence time of electron spins associated with divacancy defects in 4H-SiC reaches 1.3 ms, one of the longest Hahn-echo coherence times of an electron spin in a naturally isotopic crystal. Using a first-principles microscopic quantum-bath model, we find that two factors determine the unusually robust coherence. First, in the presence of moderate magnetic fields (30 mT and above), the 29Si and 13C paramagnetic nuclear spin baths are decoupled. In addition, because SiC is a binary crystal, homo-nuclear spin pairs are both diluted and forbidden from forming strongly coupled, nearest-neighbour spin pairs. Longer neighbour distances result in fewer nuclear spin flip-flops, a less fluctuating intra-crystalline magnetic environment, and thus a longer coherence time. Our results point to polyatomic crystals as promising hosts for coherent qubits in the solid state.
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Paul W, Baumann S, Lutz CP, Heinrich AJ. Generation of constant-amplitude radio-frequency sweeps at a tunnel junction for spin resonance STM. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:074703. [PMID: 27475577 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe the measurement and successful compensation of the radio-frequency transfer function of a scanning tunneling microscope over a wide frequency range (15.5-35.5 GHz) and with high dynamic range (>50 dB). The precise compensation of cabling resonances and attenuations is critical for the production of constant-voltage frequency sweeps for electric-field driven electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. We also demonstrate that a well-calibrated tunnel junction voltage is necessary to avoid spurious ESR peaks that can arise due to a non-flat transfer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Paul
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - Susanne Baumann
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - Christopher P Lutz
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
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15
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Baumann S, Paul W, Choi T, Lutz CP, Ardavan A, Heinrich AJ. Electron paramagnetic resonance of individual atoms on a surface. Science 2016; 350:417-20. [PMID: 26494753 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We combined the high-energy resolution of conventional spin resonance (here ~10 nano-electron volts) with scanning tunneling microscopy to measure electron paramagnetic resonance of individual iron (Fe) atoms placed on a magnesium oxide film. We drove the spin resonance with an oscillating electric field (20 to 30 gigahertz) between tip and sample. The readout of the Fe atom's quantum state was performed by spin-polarized detection of the atomic-scale tunneling magnetoresistance. We determine an energy relaxation time of T1 ≈ 100 microseconds and a phase-coherence time of T2 ≈ 210 nanoseconds. The spin resonance signals of different Fe atoms differ by much more than their resonance linewidth; in a traditional ensemble measurement, this difference would appear as inhomogeneous broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Baumann
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA. Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - William Paul
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA.
| | - Taeyoung Choi
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Christopher P Lutz
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
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16
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Gaita-Ariño A, Prima-García H, Cardona-Serra S, Escalera-Moreno L, Rosaleny LE, Baldoví JJ. Coherence and organisation in lanthanoid complexes: from single ion magnets to spin qubits. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular magnetism is reaching a degree of development that will allow for the rational design of sophisticated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Prima-García
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | | | | | - Lorena E. Rosaleny
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - José J. Baldoví
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
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17
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de Graaf SE, Danilov AV, Kubatkin SE. Coherent interaction with two-level fluctuators using near field scanning microwave microscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17176. [PMID: 26597218 PMCID: PMC4657005 DOI: 10.1038/srep17176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Near field Scanning Microwave Microscopy (NSMM) is a scanning probe technique that non-invasively can obtain material properties on the nano-scale at microwave frequencies. While focus has been on developing room-temperature systems it was recently shown that this technique can potentially reach the quantum regime, opening up for applications in materials science and device characterization in solid state quantum information processing. In this paper we theoretically investigate this new regime of NSMM. Specifically we show that interaction between a resonant NSMM probe and certain types of two-level systems become possible when the NSMM probe operates in the (sub-) single photon regime, and we expect a high signal-to-noise ratio if operated under the right conditions. This would allow to detect single atomic material defects with energy splittings in the GHz range with nano-scale resolution, provided that individual defects in the material under study are well enough separated. We estimate that this condition is fulfilled for materials with loss tangents below tan δ ∼ 10(-3) which holds for materials used in today's quantum circuits and devices where typically tan δ < 10(-5). We also propose several extensions to a resonant NSMM that could improve sensitivity and functionality also for microscopes operating in a high power regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. de Graaf
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Microtechnology & Nanoscience, MC2. SE-41296 Goteborg, Sweden
- National Physical Laboratory, TW11 0LW Hampton Road, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - A. V. Danilov
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Microtechnology & Nanoscience, MC2. SE-41296 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - S. E. Kubatkin
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Microtechnology & Nanoscience, MC2. SE-41296 Goteborg, Sweden
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18
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Goryca M, Koperski M, Wojnar P, Smoleński T, Kazimierczuk T, Golnik A, Kossacki P. Coherent Precession of an Individual 5/2 Spin. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:227202. [PMID: 25494084 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.227202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present direct observation of a coherent spin precession of an individual Mn^{2+} ion, having both electronic and nuclear spins equal to 5/2, embedded in a CdTe quantum dot and placed in a magnetic field. The spin state evolution is probed in a time-resolved pump-probe measurement of absorption of the single dot. The experiment reveals subtle details of the large-spin coherent dynamics, such as nonsinusoidal evolution of states occupation, and beatings caused by the strain-induced differences in energy levels separation. Sensitivity of the large-spin impurity on the crystal strain opens the possibility of using it as a local strain probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goryca
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoża 69, 00-681 Warszawa, Poland
| | - M Koperski
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoża 69, 00-681 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P Wojnar
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-688 Warszawa, Poland
| | - T Smoleński
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoża 69, 00-681 Warszawa, Poland
| | - T Kazimierczuk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoża 69, 00-681 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A Golnik
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoża 69, 00-681 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P Kossacki
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoża 69, 00-681 Warszawa, Poland
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19
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Carretta S, Chiesa A, Troiani F, Gerace D, Amoretti G, Santini P. Quantum information processing with hybrid spin-photon qubit encoding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:110501. [PMID: 24074061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a scheme to perform quantum information processing that is based on a hybrid spin-photon qubit encoding. The proposed qubits consist of spin ensembles coherently coupled to microwave photons in coplanar waveguide resonators. The quantum gates are performed solely by shifting the resonance frequencies of the resonators on a nanosecond time scale. An additional cavity containing a Cooper-pair box is exploited as an auxiliary degree of freedom to implement two-qubit gates. The generality of the scheme allows its potential implementation with a wide class of spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carretta
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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